(3838,4540,'February 2015 - Group feeding of horses during winter','feb2015-en','<p>Many horses are kept outdoors and fed as a group during winter. For this, we have to take into account extra challenges presented by cold weather conditions. Horses are very adaptable to cold weather, but factors such as age, body condition, breed, acclimatization and feeding will all influence the tolerance of cold in each individual\'s case. A good management and feeding regime is therefore especially important during winter.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images/wintergroup8.png\" alt=\"\" /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>What determines the cold tolerance?</strong><br />How well will horses tolerate cold weather conditions? This can be defined as the Lower Critical Temperature (LCT) for each individual. The LCT is the temperature at which the horse has to physiologically increase its production of heat so as to maintain a normal body temperature. Large, heavy horses will tolerate cold better than thoroughbreds, and adult horses will have a lower LCT (thus tolerating cold better) than horses younger than one year. Well fed horses in good body condition will also tolerate cold better (and have a lower LCT) than thin, underfed horses. Poor teeth, parasites and disease can further decrease the individual\'s tolerance of cold.</p>\r\n<p><strong>The horse\'s response to cold</strong><br />The immediate response of horses to the sudden onset of cold conditions is to change their behavior. They will seek shelter, huddle together and stand with their tail against the cold and wind, snow and rain. The temperature of the legs, ears and muzzle decreases as blood is shunted from the extremities to reduce heat loss.<br />The LCT of winter-adapted, well fed adult horses is -11 to -15oC. For yearlings, LCT is in the range 0 to -5oC. In addition to the temperature itself, wind, and precipitation (snow or wet conditions) increase the heat loss from the body. It is common to use the term \"effective temperature\" to denote the combined effects of temperature and wind. The wind speed determines the wind chill, and even moderate winds may lower the effective temperature down to the LTC, ie. to temperatures where the horse has to increase its heat production to maintain normal body temperature.<br /><br />Tabell. Examples of ambient temperature and effective temperature with varying winds</p>\r\n<table class=\"GridTable5DarkAccent1\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Temperature <sup>o</sup>C</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Wind m/sec</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Effective temperature</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Definition of wind</span></strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">+5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">+1,3</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">+5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-0,4</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Fresh breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">+5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-1,5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Gale</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">0</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-5,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">0</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-7,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Fresh breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">0</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-8,5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Gale</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-11,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-13,7</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Fresh breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-15,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Gale</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-10</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-17,4</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-10</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-20,3</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Fresh breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-10</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-22,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Gale</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Legislation</strong><br />For horses kept outdoors during winter, there are various national regulations that have to be met.<br />In Scandinavia, horses should have access to a shed with 3 walls and a dry space to lie down.<br />Water should be available at all times, as insufficient water supply may lead to intestinal constipation and colic.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Feeding</strong><br />One of the most critical factors determining development of cold tolerance in horses is energy intake. Enough good-quality feed is needed to supply increasing energy requirements. Horses are well able to increase voluntary feed intake when it is needed. Therefore, feeding high quality hay or haylage free-choice is the easiest and most suitable way of supplying additional energy.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Group dynamics</strong><br />Grouped horses typically have a pecking order and timid individuals can become thin, even when feed is available and plentiful. In mixed groups, the younger the horses, the lower the rank. To ensure that all the horses in any particular group get enough to eat, sufficient individual feeding space is necessary. If not, dominant individuals will not allow lower ranking ones to eat sufficient amounts, even when there is plenty of feed available.<br />Adult horses not in training may well be able to cover their energy requirements when fed good-quality hay or haylage free-choice, with the addition of a mineral/vitamin supplement. Young growing horses, mares in late pregnancy and horses in training will need supplementing via concentrates. This requires facilities for individual feeding, as group feeding of concentrates cannot be recommended.</p>\r\n<p>Keeping horses outdoors in groups requires that each individual is carefully observed to ensure welfare, normal development, body condition and health. After exercise, horses that are wet from sweating should be allowed to dry before being brought back into the group. The need for the use of rugs must be considered for each individual, but for many horses, this will not be necessary except under very harsh conditions.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse and group feeding</strong><br />When using PC-Horse for calculating rations for horses that are kept outdoors in groups, you can tick the option \"Active horse\". This will increase the calculated energy requirement by 10%. PC-Horse cannot take into account actual prevailing weather conditions. The easiest and best way to secure a well balanced ration and sufficient energy intake for each individual horse, is to calculate a ration with PC-Horse as usual, and feeding good-quality hay or haylage free-choice so the horses can increase their voluntary feed intake when needed. Hay or haylage should be analyzed to ensure a high enough quality. As the individual intake of roughage cannot be controlled, but has to be estimated, each horse has to be observed carefully, especially during winter.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2012.</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 10:51:15',10,'','2016-03-16 14:54:10',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-31 23:50:50','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,327,'','',1,1481,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(3839,4541,'Februari 2015 - Gruppefôring av hester om vinteren','feb2015-nb','<p>Mange hester holdes ute i grupper om vinteren. Da må vi ta hensyn til de ekstra utfordringene det kalde været medfører. Hestene tilpasser seg godt til kaldt klima, men faktorer som alder, hold, rase, akklimatisering og fôring påvirker hvor godt hver enkelt hest tåler kulde. Godt stell og god fôring er derfor spesielt viktig om vinteren.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images/wintergroup8.png\" alt=\"\" /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Hva påvirker hestens evne til å tåle kulde?</strong></p>\r\n<p>Hvor godt tåler hestene kaldt vær? Dette kan defineres som Lavere kritisk temperatur (LCT) for hver enkelt hest. Dette vil si den temperaturen der hesten fysiologisk må øke varmeproduksjonen for å opprettholde normal kroppstemperatur. Store, tunge hestetyper vil tåle kulde bedre enn f.eks fullblodshester, og voksne hester vil ha lavere LCT (tåle kulde bedre) enn unghester (åringer). Generelt vil vellfôra hester i godt hold tåle kulde bedre enn svakt fôra tynne hester. Dårlige tenner, parasitter og sykdom kan føre til at hestene ikke tåler kulde så godt.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Hvordan reagerer hestene på kulde?</strong></p>\r\n<p>Hestenes umiddelbare reaksjon på plutselig kaldt vær er å endre adferd. De søker ly, står tett sammen og vender halen mot kald vind, snø eller regn. Temperaturen på beina, ørene og mulen går ned da blodtilstrømmingen tjl ekstremitetene reduseres for å minske varmetapet. En mer langsiktig reaksjon er å få tykkere pels og øke opptaket av fôr.</p>\r\n<p>Lavere kritisk temperatur (LCT) for akklimatiserte, velfødde voksne hester er rundt -11<sup>o</sup>C til -15<sup> o</sup>C. For åringer kan det være mellom 0<sup> o</sup>C og -5<sup> o</sup>C. Vind, snø eller regn/sludd påvirker den temperaturen hesten opplever (effektiv temperatur). Det vil si den kuldepåvirkning hesten føler under de ulike værforholdene.</p>\r\n<p>Tabell. Eksempler på målt temperatur og effektiv temperatur ved ulik vindstyrke</p>\r\n<table class=\"GridTable5DarkAccent1\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 26.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 26.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Temperatur <sup>o</sup>C</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 26.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Vind m/sek</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 26.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Effektiv temperatur</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 26.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Vindstyrke</span></strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">+5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">+1,3</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Lett bris</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">+5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-0,4</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Frisk bris</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">+5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-1,5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Stiv kuling</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">0</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-5,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Lett bris</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">0</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-7,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Frisk bris</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">0</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-8,5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Stiv kuling</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-11,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Lett bris</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-13,7</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Frisk bris</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-15,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Stiv kuling</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-10</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-17,4</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Lett bris</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-10</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-20,3</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Frisk bris</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 4.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 4.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-10</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 4.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 4.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-22,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 4.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Stiv kuling</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Nasjonale retningslinjer for hold av hester i grupper</strong></p>\r\n<p>For hester som holdes i grupper ute gis det nasjonale retningslinjer og krav til uteområdet, spiseplasser mm som må etterfølges. Et av disse kravene er at hestene skal ha adgang til leskur med 3 vegger og tørre ligge plasser til alle. Det skal alltid være tilgang til friskt vann. For lite vann kan føre til forstoppelse og kolikk.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Fôring</strong></p>\r\n<p>En av de viktigste faktorene som påvirker hestenes kuldetoleranse er energiinntaket. Tilstrekkelig fôr av god kvalitet er nødvendig for å dekke det økte energibehovet. Hestene kan øke fôropptaket sitt dersom energibehovet blir større. Derfor vil det å gi godt høy eller høysilasje etter appetitt være den enkleste og sikreste måten å sørge for at hestene kan dekke et forhøyet energibehov.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Rangorden i grupper</strong></p>\r\n<p>Hester som holdes i grupper oppretter en rangorden seg imellom, og forsiktige individer kan bli tynne selv om det er nok fôr tilgjengelig. For å sikre at alle hestene i en gruppe får spise nok er det viktig å ha flere spiseplasser og at det er tilstrekkelig avstand mellom dem. Ellers vil dominante hester jage vekk andre hester så disse ikke får spise tilstrekkelig selv om det er rikelig fôr lagt ut.</p>\r\n<p>Voksne hester som ikke trenes klarer godt å dekke energibehovet sitt om de får fri tilgang til høy eller høysilasje av god kvalitet pluss tilskudd av en vitamin/mineral blanding. Unghester, høgdrektige hopper og hester i trening vil trenge å få kraftfôr i tillegg. Dette krever at det er mulig å gi hestene individuell fôring, da gruppeforing med kraftfôr ikke kan anbefales.</p>\r\n<p>Når hester holdes ute i grupper er det særlig viktig at vi følger godt med hver enkelt hest. Dette for å sikre hver hest sin velferd, utvikling, hold og helse. Etter trening skal hester som er svette få anledning til å tørke før de slippes ut i gruppen igjen. Et eventuelt behov for å bruke dekken må vurderes for hver enkelt hest, men for mange hester er ikke dette nødvendig bortsett fra i ekstra kaldt eller dårlig vær.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse og gruppefôring</strong></p>\r\n<p>Når vi bruker PC-Horse til å beregne fôrrasjoner til hester som går ute i grupper kan du velge å klikke for valget «Aktiv hest (utegang)». Da vil beregning av hestens energibehovet økes med 10%. PC-Horse kan ikke ta hensyn til de aktuelle vær og temperaturforhold ved beregning av næringsbehovene. Den enkleste og sikreste måten å sette opp balanserte fôrplanert til hester på utegang er å sette opp en fôrplan som vanlig, og så fôre hestene godt høy eller høysilasje etter appetitt. På denne måten kan hestene selv øke fôropptaket sitt når de trenger ekstra energi. Vi bør da ha analyse av grovfôret for å sikre at kvaliteten er god nok. Da vi med gruppefôring ikke kan kontrollere hver hest sitt opptak av grovfôr, men må anslå en mengde, er det spesielt viktig å følge med utviklingen til hvert enkelt individ. Dette er særlig viktig om vinteren.</p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2012.</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-03-01 15:17:29',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-31 23:55:55','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,300,'','',1,1691,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(3840,4542,'Februari 2015 - Gruppefodring af heste om vinteren ','feb2015-da','<p>Mange heste går i grupper udenfor om vinteren. Det indebærer at fodringen tilpasses til det kolde vintervejr. Heste tilpasser  sig godt til koldt klima, men faktorer som alder, huld, race, aklimatisering og udfodring påvirker hvor godt den  den enkelte hest tåler kulden. God overvågning og udfodring  bliver derfor specielt vigtig om vinteren.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Hvad påvirker hestens evne til at tåle kulde?    </strong><strong> </strong></p>\r\n<p>Hvor godt tåler heste koldt vejr ?   Dette kan definieres som Laveste Kritiske Temperaatur (LCT) for hver enkel hest. Det vil síge den temperatur hvor hesten hesten fysiologisk må øge  kan man sige at velfodrede heste i godt huld tåler kulden bedre end underfodrede og tynde heste . Dårlige tænder, parasitter og sygdom kan føre til at hestene ikke tåler kulden så godt.</p>\r\n<p>Hestenes umiddelbare reaktion på koldt vejr er, at ændre adfærd. De søger læ, står tæt sammen og vender rumpen mod vindretningen. Vind sne, eller regnblandet sne påvirker det vi kalder den effektive temperatur.. Dvs den kuldepåvirkning  som hesten  føler under de forskellige vejrforhold.  </p>\r\n<p>Tabel. Exempel på registreret temperatur og effektiv temperatur ved forskellig  vindstyrke</p>\r\n<table class=\"GridTable5DarkAccent1\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 26.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 26.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Temperatur <sup>o</sup>C</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 26.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Vind m/sek</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 26.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Effektiv temperatur</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 26.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Vindstyrke</span></strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">+5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">+1,3</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Let brise</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">+5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-0,4</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Frisk brise</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">+5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-1,5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Stiv kuling</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">0</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-5,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Let brise</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">0</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-7,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Frisk brise</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">0</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">8,5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Siyv kuling</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-11,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Let brise</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-13,7</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Frisk brise</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-15,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Stiv kuling</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-10</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">17,4</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Let brise</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-10</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">20,3</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Frisk brise</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 4.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 4.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-10</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 4.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 4.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">22,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 4.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Stiv kuling</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong><br />Nationalle retningslinjer for huld hos heste i grupper</strong><br />For heste som holdes i grupper udenfor findes der regler som skal overholdes.  Et af disse krav er at hestene skal have adgang til læskur for samlige heste i gruppen, med mindre der er tale om islændere og shetlandsponyer som går på meget store arealer. Der skal altid være adgang  til friskt vand. For lidt  vand kan medføre forstoppelse  og kolik.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Udfodrine</strong><br />En af de vigtigste faktorer som påvirker hestenes  kuldetolerence  er energiindtaget. Tilstrækkelig mængde  foder af god kvalitet er nødvendig for at dække det øgede behov for  energi. Hestene evne til  at optage næring øges efterhånden som energibehovet bliver større. Derfor er det bedste at give mere energi ved at øge tildelingen af hø eller wrap.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Rangordningen i grupper</strong><br />Heste i grupper opretter selv en rangordning. Forsigtige  individer kan godt blive tynde på trods af at der findes tilstrækkeligt med tilgængeligt foder. For at være sikker på at alle individer i gruppen skal få tilstrækkeligt med foder er det vigtigt at have flere ædepladser end der er heste og samtidig god afstand mellem ædepladserne. Ellers er der stor risiko for at de dominante heste jager svagere individer bort.</p>\r\n<p>Udvoksne heste som ikke er i træning kan godt få dækket deres energibehov gennem fri adgang til hø eller wrap plus tilskud af en vitamin og mineralblanding.</p>\r\n<p>Ungheste, drægtige hopper og heste i træning bør have tilskud af korn og kraftfoder. Dette kræver at der findes mulighed for at fodre hestene individuelt med kraftfoder. Når heste går ude i grupper bliver det ekstra vigtigt at følge op den enkelte heste huld for at sikre at hesten får sit næringsbehov dækket.</p>\r\n<p>Efter træning  skal heste som er svedige gives mulighed for at blive tørre  inden de slippes ud til flokken.   For de fleste heste er det ikke nødvendigt med et dækken med mindre det er ekstra kold eller meget dårligt vejr.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse og gruppefodringfodring</strong><br />Når du anvender PC-Horse for at beregne foderratoner  til heste som går ude i grupper kan du vælge at klikke på fanen  \"Aktiv Hest\" (Går på fold)).  I så fald øges beregningen af energimængden med 10%. Programmet tager ikke hénsyn til aktuel vejrsituation elle temperaturforhold ved beregning af næringsbehov.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2012.</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-03-01 15:16:53',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-31 23:55:55','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',10,288,'','',1,1492,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(3841,4543,'Février 2015 - L’alimentation des chevaux en groupe l’hiver','feb2015-fr','<p>Beaucoup de chevaux restent à l\'extérieur et sont nourris en groupe durant l\'hiver. Les températures hivernales basses seront un élément supplémentaire dont il sera important de tenir compte. Les chevaux s\'adaptent très bien au temps froid, mais des facteurs comme l\'âge, l\'état corporel, la race, l\'acclimatation et l\'alimentation auront une influence sur la tolérance de chaque animal au froid. Une bonne gestion de l\'alimentation est donc extrêmement importante durant l\'hiver.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images/wintergroup8.png\" alt=\"\" /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Qu\'est ce qui détermine la tolérance au froid ?</strong><br />Qu\'est ce qui détermine la tolérance des chevaux aux conditions météorologiques froides ? Cela sera défini par la Température Basse Critique (TBC) pour chaque individu. La TBC est la température à laquelle le cheval devra physiologiquement accroitre sa production de chaleur pour maintenir une température corporelle normale. Les grands chevaux, les chevaux lourds tolèreront mieux le froid que les purs-sangs. Les chevaux adultes auront une TBC plus basse (meilleure tolérance au froid) que les jeunes de moins d\'un an. Les chevaux bien nourris, doté d\'un bon état corporel auront également une meilleure tolérance au froid (et auront une TBC plus basse) que les chevaux minces et sous alimentés. De mauvaises dents, les parasites et les maladies peuvent encore diminuer la tolérance au froid de l\'animal.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Réponse du cheval au froid</strong><br />La réponse immédiate des chevaux à l\'apparition soudaine du froid sera de modifier leur comportement. Ils chercheront à s\'abriter, se blottir ensemble et se tiendront dos au froid et au vent, à la neige et à la pluie. La température des jambes, des oreilles et du museau diminue à mesure que le sang est détourné des extrémités pour réduire la perte de chaleur.<br />La TBC des chevaux adultes bien nourris et bien adaptés à l\'hiver est de -11 à -15 ° C. Pour les yearlings, le TBC s\'étend de 0 à -5 ° C. En plus de la température elle-même, le vent et les précipitations (neige ou des conditions humides) augmentent la perte de chaleur corporelle. Il est courant d\'utiliser le terme de \"température ressentie\" pour désigner les effets combinés de la température et du vent. La vitesse du vent détermine le facteur de refroidissement du vent, et des vents même modérés peuvent abaisser la température ressentie jusqu\'à la TBC, c\'est à dire à des températures où le cheval doit augmenter sa production de chaleur pour maintenir une température corporelle normale.<br /><br />Tabell. Exemples de températures ambiantes et de températures ressenties selon différentes vitesses du vent</p>\r\n<table class=\"TableauGrille5Fonc-Accentuation11\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25.3pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.55pt; border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 25.3pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Température <sup>o</sup>C</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.7pt; border-width: 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 25.3pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">vent m/sec</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.1pt; border-width: 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 25.3pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Température ressentie</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 25.3pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Qualification du vent</span></strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11.5pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.55pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">+5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.7pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">+1,3</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Légère brise</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11.5pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.55pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">+5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.7pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-0,4</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Vent frais</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11.5pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.55pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">+5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.7pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-1,5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Coup de vent</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11.5pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.55pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">0</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.7pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-5,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Légère brise</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11.5pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.55pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">0</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.7pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-7,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Vent frais</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11.5pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.55pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">0</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.7pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-8,5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Coup de vent</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11.5pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.55pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.7pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-11,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Légère brise</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11.5pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.55pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.7pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-13,7</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Vent frais</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11.5pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.55pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.7pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-15,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Coup de vent</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11.5pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.55pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-10</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.7pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-17,4</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Légère brise</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11.5pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.55pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-10</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.7pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-20,3</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Vent frais</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 11.5pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.55pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-10</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.7pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-22,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 11.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Coup de vent</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"> <br /><strong>Législation</strong><br />Pour les chevaux restant à l\'extérieur pendant l\'hiver, il existe différentes réglementations nationales qui doivent être respectées.<br />En Scandinavie, les chevaux doivent avoir accès à un abri avec trois murs et un espace sec pour se coucher.<br />Il en est de même en France. L\'utilisation d\'une couverture, notamment en période d\'adaptation au froid, peut également être une aide pour limiter les dépenses énergétiques.<br /><br />L\'eau doit être disponible en permanence, un approvisionnement en eau insuffisant pouvant mener à la colique ou à la colique de stase.</p>\r\n<p><strong><br />Alimentation</strong><br />Un des facteurs les plus critiques déterminant le développement de la tolérance au froid chez les chevaux est l\'apport énergétique. Un apport suffisant en nourriture de bonne qualité est nécessaire pour couvrir des besoins énergétiques croissants. Les chevaux sont ainsi en mesure d\'augmenter la prise alimentaire volontaire lorsque c\'est nécessaire. Par conséquent, l\'alimentation en foin de bonne qualité à volonté ou en enrubanné est le moyen le plus simple et le plus approprié de fournir de l\'énergie supplémentaire.</p>\r\n<p><strong>La dynamique de groupe</strong><br />Les chevaux en groupes ont généralement un ordre hiérarchique et les individus timides peuvent mincir, alors même que l\'alimentation est disponible et abondante. Dans les groupes mélangés, les chevaux les plus jeunes occupent le rang hiérarchique le plus bas. Pour s\'assurer que tous les chevaux d\'un groupe obtiennent assez à manger, il sera nécessaire de prévoir des points d\'alimentation en nombre suffisant. Sinon, les individus dominants ne permettront pas à ceux de rangs inférieurs de manger en quantité suffisantes, même s\'il y a beaucoup de nourriture disponible.<br /><br />Les chevaux adultes à l\'entretien sont tout à fait en mesure de couvrir leurs besoins énergétiques lorsqu\'ils sont nourris avec du foin de bonne qualité à volonté ou d\'enrubanné, avec l\'ajout d\'un supplément en vitamines et minéraux. Les jeunes chevaux en croissance, les juments en fin de gestation et chevaux à l\'entraînement devront être complémenter via des concentrés. Cela nécessite des installations pour individualiser l\'alimentation. En effet, nourrir globalement un groupe avec des concentrés n\'est pas recommandé.<br /><br />Laisser les chevaux à l\'extérieur en groupes exige que chaque individu soit observé attentivement pour s\'assurer de son bien-être, de son développement normal, de son état corporel et de sa santé. Ne pas hésiter à regarder de près, le poil d\'hiver épais pouvant être trompeur. Après l\'exercice, les chevaux qui sont mouillés par la transpiration devraient pouvoir sécher avant d\'être ramenés dans le groupe. La nécessité de l\'utilisation de couverture doit être considérée pour chaque individu, mais pour beaucoup de chevaux, ce ne sera pas nécessaire, sauf dans des conditions très difficiles (cela s\'impose bien sûr pour un cheval tondu).<br /><br /><strong>PC-Horse et l\'alimentation en groupe</strong><br />Lorsque vous utilisez PC-Horse pour le calcul des rations pour les chevaux restant à l\'extérieur en groupe, vous pouvez cocher l\'option \"cheval actif\". Cela permettra d\'accroître les besoins en énergie calculée de 10%. PC-Horse ne peut pas prendre en compte les réelles conditions météorologiques. Le moyen le plus simple et le meilleur pour obtenir une ration bien équilibrée et un apport énergétique suffisant pour chaque cheval, est de calculer une ration avec PC-Horse comme d\'habitude, et de fournir du foin de bonne qualité à volonté ou de l\'enrubanné de sorte que les chevaux puissent augmenter leur consommation en cas de besoin. Foin ou enrubanné doivent être analysés afin de vérifier que la qualité est suffisante. Comme l\'apport individuel de fourrage ne peut pas être contrôlé, mais doit être estimé, chaque cheval doit être observé attentivement, surtout pendant l\'hiver.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2012.</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 10:51:15',10,'','2015-03-01 15:17:11',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-31 23:50:50','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',8,246,'','',1,1577,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3842,4544,'February 2015 - Group feeding of horses during winter','feb2015-de','<p>Many horses are kept outdoors and fed as a group during winter. For this, we have to take into account extra challenges presented by cold weather conditions. Horses are very adaptable to cold weather, but factors such as age, body condition, breed, acclimatization and feeding will all influence the tolerance of cold in each individual\'s case. A good management and feeding regime is therefore especially important during winter.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images/wintergroup8.png\" alt=\"\" /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>What determines the cold tolerance?</strong><br />How well will horses tolerate cold weather conditions? This can be defined as the Lower Critical Temperature (LCT) for each individual. The LCT is the temperature at which the horse has to physiologically increase its production of heat so as to maintain a normal body temperature. Large, heavy horses will tolerate cold better than thoroughbreds, and adult horses will have a lower LCT (thus tolerating cold better) than horses younger than one year. Well fed horses in good body condition will also tolerate cold better (and have a lower LCT) than thin, underfed horses. Poor teeth, parasites and disease can further decrease the individual\'s tolerance of cold.</p>\r\n<p><strong>The horse\'s response to cold</strong><br />The immediate response of horses to the sudden onset of cold conditions is to change their behavior. They will seek shelter, huddle together and stand with their tail against the cold and wind, snow and rain. The temperature of the legs, ears and muzzle decreases as blood is shunted from the extremities to reduce heat loss.<br />The LCT of winter-adapted, well fed adult horses is -11 to -15oC. For yearlings, LCT is in the range 0 to -5oC. In addition to the temperature itself, wind, and precipitation (snow or wet conditions) increase the heat loss from the body. It is common to use the term \"effective temperature\" to denote the combined effects of temperature and wind. The wind speed determines the wind chill, and even moderate winds may lower the effective temperature down to the LTC, ie. to temperatures where the horse has to increase its heat production to maintain normal body temperature.<br /><br />Tabell. Examples of ambient temperature and effective temperature with varying winds</p>\r\n<table class=\"GridTable5DarkAccent1\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Temperature <sup>o</sup>C</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Wind m/sec</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Effective temperature</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Definition of wind</span></strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">+5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">+1,3</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">+5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-0,4</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Fresh breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">+5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-1,5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Gale</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">0</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-5,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">0</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-7,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Fresh breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">0</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-8,5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Gale</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-11,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-13,7</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Fresh breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-15,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Gale</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-10</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-17,4</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-10</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-20,3</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Fresh breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-10</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-22,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Gale</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Legislation</strong><br />For horses kept outdoors during winter, there are various national regulations that have to be met.<br />In Scandinavia, horses should have access to a shed with 3 walls and a dry space to lie down.<br />Water should be available at all times, as insufficient water supply may lead to intestinal constipation and colic.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Feeding</strong><br />One of the most critical factors determining development of cold tolerance in horses is energy intake. Enough good-quality feed is needed to supply increasing energy requirements. Horses are well able to increase voluntary feed intake when it is needed. Therefore, feeding high quality hay or haylage free-choice is the easiest and most suitable way of supplying additional energy.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Group dynamics</strong><br />Grouped horses typically have a pecking order and timid individuals can become thin, even when feed is available and plentiful. In mixed groups, the younger the horses, the lower the rank. To ensure that all the horses in any particular group get enough to eat, sufficient individual feeding space is necessary. If not, dominant individuals will not allow lower ranking ones to eat sufficient amounts, even when there is plenty of feed available.<br />Adult horses not in training may well be able to cover their energy requirements when fed good-quality hay or haylage free-choice, with the addition of a mineral/vitamin supplement. Young growing horses, mares in late pregnancy and horses in training will need supplementing via concentrates. This requires facilities for individual feeding, as group feeding of concentrates cannot be recommended.</p>\r\n<p>Keeping horses outdoors in groups requires that each individual is carefully observed to ensure welfare, normal development, body condition and health. After exercise, horses that are wet from sweating should be allowed to dry before being brought back into the group. The need for the use of rugs must be considered for each individual, but for many horses, this will not be necessary except under very harsh conditions.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse and group feeding</strong><br />When using PC-Horse for calculating rations for horses that are kept outdoors in groups, you can tick the option \"Active horse\". This will increase the calculated energy requirement by 10%. PC-Horse cannot take into account actual prevailing weather conditions. The easiest and best way to secure a well balanced ration and sufficient energy intake for each individual horse, is to calculate a ration with PC-Horse as usual, and feeding good-quality hay or haylage free-choice so the horses can increase their voluntary feed intake when needed. Hay or haylage should be analyzed to ensure a high enough quality. As the individual intake of roughage cannot be controlled, but has to be estimated, each horse has to be observed carefully, especially during winter.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2012.</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 10:51:15',10,'','2015-03-01 15:16:35',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-31 23:50:50','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,220,'','',1,1454,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3843,4545,'February 2015 - Group feeding of horses during winter','feb2015-nl','<p>Many horses are kept outdoors and fed as a group during winter. For this, we have to take into account extra challenges presented by cold weather conditions. Horses are very adaptable to cold weather, but factors such as age, body condition, breed, acclimatization and feeding will all influence the tolerance of cold in each individual\'s case. A good management and feeding regime is therefore especially important during winter.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images/wintergroup8.png\" alt=\"\" /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>What determines the cold tolerance?</strong><br />How well will horses tolerate cold weather conditions? This can be defined as the Lower Critical Temperature (LCT) for each individual. The LCT is the temperature at which the horse has to physiologically increase its production of heat so as to maintain a normal body temperature. Large, heavy horses will tolerate cold better than thoroughbreds, and adult horses will have a lower LCT (thus tolerating cold better) than horses younger than one year. Well fed horses in good body condition will also tolerate cold better (and have a lower LCT) than thin, underfed horses. Poor teeth, parasites and disease can further decrease the individual\'s tolerance of cold.</p>\r\n<p><strong>The horse\'s response to cold</strong><br />The immediate response of horses to the sudden onset of cold conditions is to change their behavior. They will seek shelter, huddle together and stand with their tail against the cold and wind, snow and rain. The temperature of the legs, ears and muzzle decreases as blood is shunted from the extremities to reduce heat loss.<br />The LCT of winter-adapted, well fed adult horses is -11 to -15oC. For yearlings, LCT is in the range 0 to -5oC. In addition to the temperature itself, wind, and precipitation (snow or wet conditions) increase the heat loss from the body. It is common to use the term \"effective temperature\" to denote the combined effects of temperature and wind. The wind speed determines the wind chill, and even moderate winds may lower the effective temperature down to the LTC, ie. to temperatures where the horse has to increase its heat production to maintain normal body temperature.<br /><br />Tabell. Examples of ambient temperature and effective temperature with varying winds</p>\r\n<table class=\"GridTable5DarkAccent1\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Temperature <sup>o</sup>C</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Wind m/sec</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Effective temperature</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Definition of wind</span></strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">+5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">+1,3</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">+5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-0,4</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Fresh breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">+5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-1,5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Gale</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">0</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-5,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">0</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-7,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Fresh breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">0</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-8,5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Gale</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-11,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-13,7</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Fresh breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-15,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Gale</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-10</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-17,4</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-10</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-20,3</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Fresh breeze</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.8pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-10</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-22,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Gale</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Legislation</strong><br />For horses kept outdoors during winter, there are various national regulations that have to be met.<br />In Scandinavia, horses should have access to a shed with 3 walls and a dry space to lie down.<br />Water should be available at all times, as insufficient water supply may lead to intestinal constipation and colic.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Feeding</strong><br />One of the most critical factors determining development of cold tolerance in horses is energy intake. Enough good-quality feed is needed to supply increasing energy requirements. Horses are well able to increase voluntary feed intake when it is needed. Therefore, feeding high quality hay or haylage free-choice is the easiest and most suitable way of supplying additional energy.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Group dynamics</strong><br />Grouped horses typically have a pecking order and timid individuals can become thin, even when feed is available and plentiful. In mixed groups, the younger the horses, the lower the rank. To ensure that all the horses in any particular group get enough to eat, sufficient individual feeding space is necessary. If not, dominant individuals will not allow lower ranking ones to eat sufficient amounts, even when there is plenty of feed available.<br />Adult horses not in training may well be able to cover their energy requirements when fed good-quality hay or haylage free-choice, with the addition of a mineral/vitamin supplement. Young growing horses, mares in late pregnancy and horses in training will need supplementing via concentrates. This requires facilities for individual feeding, as group feeding of concentrates cannot be recommended.</p>\r\n<p>Keeping horses outdoors in groups requires that each individual is carefully observed to ensure welfare, normal development, body condition and health. After exercise, horses that are wet from sweating should be allowed to dry before being brought back into the group. The need for the use of rugs must be considered for each individual, but for many horses, this will not be necessary except under very harsh conditions.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse and group feeding</strong><br />When using PC-Horse for calculating rations for horses that are kept outdoors in groups, you can tick the option \"Active horse\". This will increase the calculated energy requirement by 10%. PC-Horse cannot take into account actual prevailing weather conditions. The easiest and best way to secure a well balanced ration and sufficient energy intake for each individual horse, is to calculate a ration with PC-Horse as usual, and feeding good-quality hay or haylage free-choice so the horses can increase their voluntary feed intake when needed. Hay or haylage should be analyzed to ensure a high enough quality. As the individual intake of roughage cannot be controlled, but has to be estimated, each horse has to be observed carefully, especially during winter.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2012.</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 10:51:15',10,'','2015-03-01 15:16:19',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-31 23:50:50','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,197,'','',1,1401,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(3844,4546,'TS-Kontroll - världsnyhet i PC-Horse!','ts-control-promo-sv','<table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"20\" cellpadding=\"10\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/banners/46-tscontrol200.png\" alt=\"46 tscontrol200\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" /> </td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>Nu lanserar vi ett helt nytt verktyg för att Du ännu lättare ska kunna fininställa Dina foderstater. <br />Du ser direkt hur Torrsubstans-innehållet förändras i ransonen efterhand som Du balanserar innehållet i dagsgivan. TS-Kontrollen ingår i standardversionen och samtliga professionella versioner av programmet. <br /><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3851&amp;Itemid=4558&amp;lang=sv\">Läs mer här.</a></p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>','',0,105,'2015-01-30 12:09:56',10,'','2015-02-09 17:27:57',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-30 12:13:24','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',10,7,'','',1,161,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',1,'sv-SE',''),(3845,4547,'TS-Kontroll - verdensnyhet i PC-Horse!','ts-control-promo-nb','<table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"20\" cellpadding=\"10\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/banners/47-tscontrol200.png\" alt=\"47 tscontrol200\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" />&nbsp;</td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><strong>Nå lanserer vi et helt nytt verktøy</strong> slik at du ennå lettere kan sette opp gode fôrplaner. Du ser nå direkte hvordan tørrstoff innholdet endres i rasjonen ettersom du endrer fôr-mengder. Dette er viktig for å vurdere om fôrmengden i dagsrasjonen er for liten eller om den er så stor at hesten vil ha vanskelig for å spise opp alt. TS-Kontrollen inngår i standardversjonen og samtlige profesjonelle versjoner av programmet.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3852&amp;Itemid=4563&amp;lang=nb\">Les mer her.</a></p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>','',0,105,'2015-01-30 12:09:56',10,'','2015-03-12 14:14:38',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-30 12:13:24','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',15,6,'rasjonforplanerforplan hestforplan unghestforplan sportshestforplan drektig hoppeforplan lakterende hoppeforplan føllberegn forplanforplanberegningforplanberegningerforberegningforplanprogramlage forplanlage+forplan+hestgratis+forplanforplan+hestLage+forplanberegne+forplan+hestforplan+hestregne+ut+forplanregne+forplanforplan+unghestforplan+ sportshestforplan+ føllforplan+drektig+hoppeforplan+føllhoppe','TS-Kontroll - verdensnyhet i PC-Horse!Nå lanserer vi et helt nytt verktøy slik at du ennå lettere kan sette opp gode fôrplaner. Du ser nå direkte hvordan tørrstoff innholdet endres i rasjonen ettersom du endrer fôr-mengder. Dette er viktig for å vurdere om fôrmengden i dagsrasjonen er for liten eller om den er så stor at hesten vil ha vanskelig for å spise opp alt. TS-Kontrollen inngår i standardversjonen og samtlige profesjonelle versjoner av programmet.',1,155,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',1,'nb-NO',''),(3846,4548,'TS-Kontroll - verdensnyhet i PC-Horse!','ts-control-promo-da','<table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"20\" cellpadding=\"10\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/banners/45-tscontrol200.png\" alt=\"45 tscontrol200\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" />&nbsp;</td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>I den seneste version lancerer vi et helt nyt værktøj - TS-KONTROL – for at det skal blive endnu lettere for dig at finindstille Dine foderplaner. <br />Du ser direkte hvordan Tørstofindholdet - forandres i rationen efterhånden som Du balancerer indholdet i dagsrationen. <a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3853&amp;Itemid=4562&amp;lang=da\">Læs mer.</a></p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>','',0,105,'2015-01-30 12:09:56',10,'','2015-03-12 14:17:17',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-30 12:13:24','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',8,5,'foderplanfoderplanerfoderplan hestfoderplan unghestfoderplan konkurrencehestfoderplan drægtig hoppefoderplan diegivende hoppefoderplan følberegne foderplanberegne foderplan hestfoderplanberegningfoderplanberegningerfoderberegningfoderplanprogramregne ud en foderplanberegne foderplanregne+foderplan+hestgratis+foderplanfoderplan+hestberegne+foderplanberegne+foderplan+hestfoderplan+unghestregne+ud+foderplanregne+foderplanfoderplan+unghestfoderplan+konkurrencehestfoderplan+følfoderplan+drægtig+hoppefoderplan+diegivende+hoppe','TS-Kontroll - verdensnyhet i PC-Horse! I den seneste version lancerer vi et helt nyt værktøj - TS-KONTROL – for at det skal blive endnu lettere for dig at finindstille Dine foderplaner.\r\nDu ser direkte hvordan Tørstofindholdet - forandres i rationen efterhånden som Du balancerer indholdet i dagsrationen. ',1,149,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',1,'da-DK',''),(3847,4549,'Dry Matter-Control - new in PC-Horse!','ts-control-promo-eng','<table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"20\" cellpadding=\"10\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/banners/44-tscontrol200.png\" alt=\"44 tscontrol200\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" />&nbsp;</td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Now we are launching</span> <span class=\"hps\">a brand new</span> <span class=\"hps\">tool to</span> <span class=\"hps\">make it</span> <span class=\"hps\">even</span> <span class=\"hps\">easier to</span> <span class=\"hps\">fine-tune</span> <span class=\"hps\">your</span> <span class=\"hps\">diets</span>.<br /> <span class=\"hps\">You can see directly</span> <span class=\"hps\">how</span> <span class=\"hps\">dry matter</span> (DM) <span class=\"hps\">content</span> <span class=\"hps\">changes</span> <span class=\"hps\">in</span> the <span class=\"hps\">diet</span> <span class=\"hps\">gradually</span> <span class=\"hps\">as you balance</span> <span class=\"hps\">the content of the</span> <span class=\"hps\">ration</span>. </span><span class=\"hps atn\">DM-</span>control <span class=\"hps\">is included in</span> <span class=\"hps\">the standard version</span> <span class=\"hps\">and</span> <span class=\"hps\">all the</span> <span class=\"hps\">professional</span> <span class=\"hps\">versions of the program</span>. <a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3856&amp;Itemid=4566&amp;lang=en\"><span class=\"hps\">Learn more</span> <span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\">here.</span></a></p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>','',0,105,'2015-01-30 12:09:56',10,'','2015-03-12 14:12:55',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-30 12:13:24','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',10,4,'horse diethorse diet plannutrition for horseshorse diet yearlinghorse diet racehorsehorse diet pregnant marehorse diet lactationg marehorse diet foalmake a horse dietmake a horse nutrition planhow to feed horseshorse rationhorse ration for young horsehorse nutritionnutrition for horseshorse feedinghorse+diethorse+rationhorse+feed+supplementcalculate+horse+dietcalculate+horse+nutritiondiet+young+horsenutrition plan',' Dry Matter-Control - new in PC-Horse! Now we are launching a brand new tool to make it even easier to fine-tune your diets.\r\nYou can see directly how dry matter (DM) content changes in the diet gradually as you balance the content of the ration. DM-control is included in the standard version and all the professional versions of the program.',1,128,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',1,'en-GB',''),(3848,4550,'MS-Contrôle - Nouvelles en direct de  PC-Horse !','ts-control-promo-fr','<table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"20\" cellpadding=\"10\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/banners/33-tscontrol200.png\" alt=\"33 tscontrol200\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" /></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nous lançons un tout nouvel outil pour affiner encore plus facilement l\'alimentation de vos chevaux. Vous pourrez voir immédiatement la quantité de matière sèche (MS) changer dans l\'alimentation quand vous équilibrez le contenu de la ration. La fonction MS-Contrôle est incluse dans la version standard ainsi que dans toutes les versions professionnelles du programme.&nbsp;<a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3857&amp;Itemid=4567&amp;lang=fr\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Lire la suite</span> <span class=\"hps\">ici</span></span>.<span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Comic Sans MS;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"></span></span></span></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>','',0,105,'2015-01-30 12:09:56',10,'','2015-07-25 07:31:22',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-30 12:13:24','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',11,3,'Alimentation du chevalRégime alimentaire du chevalNutrition des chevauxAlimentation du yearlingAlimentation du cheval de courseAlimentation de la jument gestanteAlimentation de la jument allaitanteAlimentation du poulainétablir la ration d\'un chevalétablir un programme de nutrition du chevalComment nourrir les chevauxLa ration des chevauxLa ration des jeunes chevauxNutrition équineNutrition pour les chevauxNourrir les chevauxcheval+alimentationcheval+rationcheval+aliment+supplémentcalculer+cheval+alimentationcalculer+cheval+nutritionalimentation+jeune+chevalprogramme nutritionnel','ous lançons un tout nouvel outil pour affiner encore plus facilement l\'alimentation de vos chevaux. Vous pourrez voir immédiatement la quantité de matière sèche (MS) changer dans l\'alimentation quand vous équilibrez le contenu de la ration. La fonction MS-Contrôle est incluse dans la version standard ainsi que dans toutes les versions professionnelles du programme.',1,84,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',1,'fr-FR',''),(3849,4551,'Business principles','business-principles-en','<p><strong>Ration formulation based on science – </strong>Our goal is to apply the best of accepted knowledge to all calculations made by PC-Horse. To reach this goal we are continuously updating the program based on current thinking in equine nutrition. It is our responsibility as publishers and researchers to provide tools for calculation of the very best rations for your horse. <strong><br /></strong></p>','',1,3,'2015-01-30 12:46:17',10,'','2016-03-16 14:54:10',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-30 12:46:17','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,2,'','',1,1881,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(3850,4552,'Dry Matter Control - new i PC-Horse!','ts-control-promo-de','<table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"20\" cellpadding=\"10\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/banners/44-tscontrol200.png\" alt=\"44 tscontrol200\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" /> </td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Now we are launching</span> <span class=\"hps\">a brand new</span> <span class=\"hps\">tool to</span> <span class=\"hps\">make it</span> <span class=\"hps\">even</span> <span class=\"hps\">easier to</span> <span class=\"hps\">fine-tune</span> <span class=\"hps\">your</span> <span class=\"hps\">diets</span>.<br /> <span class=\"hps\">You can see directly</span> <span class=\"hps\">how</span> <span class=\"hps\">dry matter</span> (DM) <span class=\"hps\">content</span> <span class=\"hps\">changes</span> <span class=\"hps\">in</span> <span class=\"hps\">diet</span> <span class=\"hps\">gradually</span> <span class=\"hps\">as you balance</span> <span class=\"hps\">the content of the</span> <span class=\"hps\">ration</span>. </span><span class=\"hps atn\">DM-</span>control <span class=\"hps\">is included in</span> <span class=\"hps\">the standard version</span> <span class=\"hps\">and</span> <span class=\"hps\">all the</span> <span class=\"hps\">professional</span> <span class=\"hps\">versions of the program</span>. <a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3858&amp;Itemid=4568&amp;lang=de\"> <span class=\"hps\">Learn more</span><span class=\"hps\"></span> <span class=\"hps\">here.</span></a></p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>','',0,105,'2015-01-30 12:09:56',10,'','2015-02-09 17:36:18',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-30 12:13:24','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,2,'','',1,115,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',1,'de-DE',''),(3851,4553,'TS-kontrollen','ts-control46','<p>Funktionen aktiv i versionerna (v 2.26): &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #33cccc;\"> STANDARD &nbsp;</span> <span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\"> &nbsp; PROFESSIONAL &nbsp;</span> &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">&nbsp; KONSULT &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"> &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">&nbsp; SKOLA&nbsp; <br /></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p>Förutom den viktiga kontrollen av hur mycket av respektive näringsämnen som hästen får i sin dagsgiva (blå ruta) bör Du alltid vara noga med hur mycket grovfoder och växtmaterial din dagsgiva innehåller. Detta gör du i TS-kontrollen (röd ruta)</p>\r\n<p>Först och främst var observant på vilken TS-halt ditt grovfoder har. Det styr mängden grovfoder som hästen behöver och kan äta.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/46-images/46%20ts-control_1.png\" alt=\"46 ts control 1\" /></p>\r\n<p>Börja med att dosera grovfodret. Den dubbla grovfoderkontrollen varnar i exemplet att du både har givit för lite grovfoder och att ransonen är för liten.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/46-images/46%20ts-control_2.png\" alt=\"46 ts control 2\" /></p>\r\n<p>När du ökar mängderna byter stapeln färg.<br /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/46-images/46%20ts-control_7.png\" alt=\"46 ts control 7\" /></p>\r\n<p>Fortsätt tills du är nöjd</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/46-images/46%20ts-control_3.png\" alt=\"46 ts control 3\" /></p>\r\n<p>Fortsätt fodra. Lägg eventuellt till kraftfoder eller tillskottsfoder tills du är nöjd med både TS-värdena och näringsinnehållet i ransonen.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/46-images/46%20ts-control_4.png\" alt=\"46 ts control 4\" /></p>\r\n<p>TS-kontrollen varnar på olika sätt om du överdoserar, t.ex som i nedanstående exempel. Prova dig fram och stäm av mot dina egna erfarenheter tills du du känner dig nöjd med ransonens balans.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/46-images/46%20ts-control_5.png\" alt=\"46 ts control 5\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>','',1,48,'2015-01-30 16:17:38',10,'','2018-05-16 14:20:01',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-30 16:17:38','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,106,'','',1,3973,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(3852,4557,'TS-kontrollen','ts-control-nb','<p>Funksjonen er aktiv i versionene (v 2.26):  <span style=\"background-color: #33cccc;\"> STANDARD  </span> <span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\">   PROFESSIONAL  </span>  <span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">  KONSULT  <span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">  <span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">  SKOLA  <br /></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p>Foruten den viktige kontrollen av hvor mye av de enkelte næringsstoffer hesten får i dagsrasjonen (blå rute) bør du alltid være nøye med hvor mye grovfôr og fiber rasjonen inneholder. Dette gjør du i TS-kontrollen (rød rute)<br /><br />Først og fremst skal du legge merke til hvilket tørrstoffinnhold grovfôret ditt har (hvor fuktig eller tørt fôret er). Dette bestemmer hvor mye grovfôr hesten trenger og kan spise.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/47-images/47%20ts-kontrol_1.png\" alt=\"47 ts kontrol 1\" /></p>\r\n<p>Begynn med å bestemme grovfôrmengden. Den dobbelte grovfôrkontrollen advarer i eksempelet at du både har gitt for lite grovfôr og at rasjonen er for liten.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/47-images/47%20ts-kontrol_2.png\" alt=\"47 ts kontrol 2\" /></p>\r\n<p>Når du øker mengdene endrer grafikken farge.<br /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/47-images/47%20ts-kontrol_3.png\" alt=\"47 ts kontrol 3\" /></p>\r\n<p>Fortsett å bestemme fôrmengder.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/47-images/47%20ts-kontrol_4.png\" alt=\"47 ts kontrol 4\" /></p>\r\n<p>Legg eventuelt til kraftfôr til du er fornøyd med både TS-mengdene og næringsinnholdet i rasjonen.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/47-images/47%20ts-kontrol_5.png\" alt=\"47 ts kontrol 5\" /></p>\r\n<p>TS-kontrollen advarer også om rasjonen blir for stor, f.eks som i eksempelet under. Prøv deg fram og juster mengdene ut fra dine erfaringer til du er fornøyd med totalrasjonen.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/47-images/47%20ts-kontrol_6.png\" alt=\"47 ts kontrol 6\" /></p>\r\n<p> </p>','',1,48,'2015-01-30 16:17:38',10,'','2015-02-03 12:05:42',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-30 16:17:38','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,105,'','',1,2776,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(3853,4558,'TS-kontrollen','ts-control-da','<p>Funktionen aktiv i versionerna (v 2.26):  <span style=\"background-color: #33cccc;\"> STANDARD  </span> <span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\">   PROFESSIONAL  </span>  <span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">  KONSULT  <span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">  <span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">  SKOLA  <br /></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p>Förutom den viktiga kontrollen av hur mycket av respektive näringsämnen som hästen får i sin dagsgiva (blå ruta) bör Du alltid vara noga med hur mycket grovfoder och växtmaterial din dagsgiva innehåller. Detta gör du i TS-kontrollen (röd ruta)</p>\r\n<p>Först och främst var observant på vilken TS-halt ditt grovfoder har. Det styr mängden grovfoder som hästen behöver och kan äta.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/45-images/45%20ts-kontrol_1.png\" alt=\"45 ts kontrol 1\" /></p>\r\n<p>Börja med att dosera grovfodret. Den dubbla grovfoderkontrollen varnar i exemplet att du både har givit för lite grovfoder och att ransonen är för liten.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/45-images/45%20ts-kontrol_2.png\" alt=\"45 ts kontrol 2\" /></p>\r\n<p>När du ökar mängderna byter stapeln färg.<br /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/45-images/45%20ts-kontrol_3.png\" alt=\"45 ts kontrol 3\" /></p>\r\n<p>Fortsätt tills du är nöjd</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/45-images/45%20ts-kontrol_4.png\" alt=\"45 ts kontrol 4\" /></p>\r\n<p>Fortsätt fodra. Lägg eventuellt till kraftfoder eller tillskottsfoder tills du är nöjd med både TS-värdena och näringsinnehållet i ransonen.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/45-images/45%20ts-kontrol_5.png\" alt=\"45 ts kontrol 5\" /></p>\r\n<p>TS-kontrollen varnar på olika sätt om du överdoserar, t.ex som i nedanstående exempel. Prova dig fram och stäm av mot dina egna erfarenheter tills du du känner dig nöjd med ransonens balans.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/45-images/45%20ts-kontrol_6.png\" alt=\"45 ts kontrol 6\" /></p>\r\n<p> </p>','',1,48,'2015-01-30 16:17:38',10,'','2015-02-03 12:52:26',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-30 16:17:38','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,104,'','',1,2197,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(3854,4559,'Februari 2015 - Grupputfodring av hästar på vintern','feb2015-sv','<p>Många håller sina hästar utomhus på lösdrift i grupper under vintern.Det gör att man måste ta häsnyn till den extra utfodring som den kalla väderleken kräver. Hästar klarar sig visserligen bra i kallt klimat, men åldersfaktorer, hull, ras, acklimatiseringsförmåga och utfodring påverkar i hur hög grad varje enskild häst tål kyla. God omvårdnad och utfodring blir därför speciellt viktig faktorer att uppmärksamma.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images/wintergroup8.png\" alt=\"\" /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Vad påverkar hästens förmåga att tåla kyla?</strong></p>\r\n<p>Hur bra tål hästar kallt väder? Det kan på fackspråk definieras som \"lägsta kritiska temperatur\" (LCT) för varje enskild häst. Det vill säga den temperatur där hästen fysiologiskt måste öka sin värmeproduktion för att upprätthålla normal kroppstemperatur. Stora, tunga hästtyper tål kyla bättre än t.ex fullblodshästar. Och vuxna hästar har lägre LCT (tål kyla bättre) än unghästar. Generellt kan man säga att välfödda individer i gott hull tål kyla bättre än svårfödda och tunna hästar. Dåliga tänder, parasiter och sjukdom kan dessutom leda till att hästar inte tål kyla så bra.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Hur reagerar hästar på kyla?<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Hästars omedelbara reaktion på plötsligt kallt väder är att ändra beteende. De söker lä, stätt tätt tillsammans och vänder baken mot vind, snö och regn. Temperaturen på benen, öronen och mulen sjunker då blodtillströmningen till extremiteterna minskar för att förhindra värmeförlust. En mer långsiktig reaktion är att de sätter tjockare päls och börjar äta mer.</p>\r\n<p>Lägre kritisk temperatur (LCT) för acklimatiserade, välfödda vuxna hästar ligger runt -11<sup>o</sup>C till -15<sup> o</sup>C. För åringar kan det ligga mellan  0<sup> o</sup>C og -5<sup> o</sup>C. Vind, snö eller regn/slask påverkar den temperatur som hästen upplever (effektiv temperatur). Det vill säga den köldpåverkan hästen känner under de olika väderförhållandena.</p>\r\n<p>Tabell. Exempel på uppmätt temperatur och effektiv temperatur vid olika vindstyrkor</p>\r\n<table class=\"GridTable5DarkAccent1\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 26.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-width: 1pt medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 26.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Temperatur <sup>o</sup>C</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 26.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Vind m/sek</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 26.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Effektiv temperatur</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 26.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">Vindstyrke</span></strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">+5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">+1,3</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Lätt bris</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">+5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-0,4</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Frisk bris</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">+5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-1,5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Styv kuling</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">0</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-5,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Lätt bris</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">0</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-7,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Frisk bris</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">0</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-8,5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Styv kuling</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-11,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Lätt bris</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-13,7</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Frisk bris</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-5</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-15,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Styv kuling</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-10</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">5</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-17,4</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Lätt bris</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-10</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">10</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-20,3</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #bdd6ee; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Frisk bris</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 4.05pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 84.7pt; border-right: 1pt none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #5b9bd5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 4.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"85\"><strong><span style=\"color: white;\">-10</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 70.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 4.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"71\">15</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 4.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">-22,0</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #deeaf6; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 4.05pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Styv kuling</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Nationella riktlinjer för hull hos hästar som går i grupp<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>För hästar som hålls i grupp finns det nationella riktlinjer och krav på hagar, ätplatser mm som måste efterlevas. Ett av dessa kraven är att hstarna ska ha tillgång till vindskydd med 3 väggar och torra liggplatser för samtliga i gruppen. Det skall alltid finnas tillgång till friskt vatten. För lite vatten leder lätt till förstoppning och kolik.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Utfodring</strong></p>\r\n<p>En av de viktigaste faktorerna sompåverkar häsgtens köldtolerans är energiintaget. Tillräcklig mängd foder av god kvalitet är nödvändig för att täcka det ökade energibehovet. Hästarna kan själva öka sitt foderintag om energibehovet blir större. Därför är knepet att ge bra hö och hösilage efter aptit den bästa och enklaste metoden att sörja för hästarna foderbehov.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Rangordningen i grupper<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Hästar som hålls i grupp upprättar en rangordning sig emellan. Försiktiga individer kan tunna ur även om det finns tillräckligt med foder i hagen. För att säkerställa att samtliga hästar i gruppen får äta tillräcklig mängd är det viktigt att ha flera matplatser. Och att det är tillräckligt stort avstånd mellan dem. Annars kommer dominanta hästar att jaga undan de underordnade så att de inte får äta tillräckligt - även om det kanske lagts ut tillfredsställande mängder foder.</p>\r\n<p>Vuxna hästar som inte tränas klarar gott av att täcka sitt behov om de får fri tillgång till hö eller hösilage av god kvalitet plus tillskott av en vitamin/mineral-blandning. Unghästar, dräktiga ston och hästar i träning behöver ges extra kraftfoder. Det kräver att det finns möjligheter att fodra hästarna individuellt. Grupptilldelning av kraftfoder rekommenderas inte.</p>\r\n<p>När hästarna går ute i grupp är det särskilt viktigt att man följer varje enskild häst noga. Detta för att säkra att varje häst ges förutsättningar för sin välfärd, utveckling, hull och hälsa. Efter träning ska hästar som är svettiga ges möjlighet att torka innan de släpps ut i gruppen igen. Eventuellt behov för att lägga på täcke ska värderas för varje enskild häst. För många hästar behövs det inte om det inte är extra kallt eller dåligt väder.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse och grupputfodring<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>När du använder PC-Horse för att göra foderstater till dina utegående hästar i grupp kan du välja att klicka boxen \"Aktiv häst\". Då ökas hästen energibehov med 10%. Programmet kan inte ta hänsyn till den vädersituation eller temperatur som råder vid varje tillfälle. Det enklaste och säkraste sättet att sätta upp en foderplan för hästar i lösdrift är att göra en foderstat som vanligt - och så fodra dem med gott hö eller hösilage efter deras aptit. På det sättet kan hästarna själv reglera och öka sitt foderintag när de behöver extra energi. Se bara till att du har analyserat grovfoder så att du vet att du har foder av god kvalitet.</p>\r\n<p>Då du vid grupputfodring inte kan kontrollera hur mycket grovfoder varje enskild häst äter blir det viktigt att du ändå följer utvecklingen hos varje individ. Det är alltid viktigt, men blir särskilt uppenbart om vintern</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2012.</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-03-01 15:16:00',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-31 23:55:55','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',11,172,'','',1,1858,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(3855,4560,'\"OpenSource\" aliments','opensource-feeds-fr','<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/eye.jpg\" alt=\"eye\" /></p>\r\n<p>With version 226 we are introducing a new feed list category called \"Open Source feeds\" in some European countries.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Feature active in version: </span><span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\">   PROFESSIONAL  <span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">  </span></span><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">  CONSULTANT  <span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">  <span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">  EDUCATION   </span></span></span><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p>In the French version you can download a feed list containing a part of the feed sortiment from the following Horsefeed Brands:</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>DESTRIER</li>\r\n<li>DYNAVENA</li>\r\n<li>DP NUTRITION</li>\r\n<li>REVERDY</li>\r\n<li>ROYAL HORSE</li>\r\n<li>SANDERS</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>The analysis will be downloads as a separate feed list. The analysis are <strong>collected from open sources and not controlled by the manufacturers</strong>. PC-Horse is not responsable for the content. Please, therefore, do always check the values with the manufacturer before use. The number of feeds, and the available Brands, will change over time at the discression of the PC-Horse Team. Interested feed companies may contact us for presentation of Branded horsefeeds in the OpenSource feed list.   </p>\r\n<p> </p>','',1,48,'2015-01-20 16:12:27',10,'','2015-02-02 17:59:03',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-20 16:12:27','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,103,'','',1,174,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3856,4561,'Dry Matter Control','ts-control-en','<p><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Feature active from version</span></span></span></span> 2.26:  <span style=\"background-color: #33cccc;\"> STANDARD  </span> <span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\">   PROFESSIONAL  </span>  <span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">  CONSULTANT  <span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">  <span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">  EDUCATION   <br /></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p>In addition to the control of the individual nutrients in the ration (Right panel), PC-Horse now gives you advice on how much roughage (fibrous feed) the horse\'s daily ration should have. You will use the Dry Matter Control (Panel on the left) for this. The control calculates how much dry matter the horse should have, and compares to the actual roughage and total dry matter amounts in the ration you formulate. As you go!</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44%20dm-control_1.png\" alt=\"44 dm control 1\" /></p>\r\n<p>Start with allocating the roughage. Above we show the warning issued when the ration contains too little roughage and too little total dry matter; The ration is too small.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44%20dm-control_2.png\" alt=\"44 dm control 2\" /></p>\r\n<p>When you increase the amounts given, the bar will change color through yellow to green.<br /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44%20dm-control_3.png\" alt=\"44 dm control 3\" /></p>\r\n<p>With green and yellow colors your roughage and DM allocations are OK.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44%20dm-control_4.png\" alt=\"44 dm control 4\" /></p>\r\n<p>Now, adjuste the amounts of concentrates or vitamin/mineral supplements fed, until you have a balanced ration with regard to all individual nutrients!</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44%20dm-control_5.png\" alt=\"44 dm control 5\" /></p>\r\n<p>The Dry Matter Control will issue a warning also if your ration contains more roughage or total dry matter than the horse can  eat (Example below).</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44%20dm-control_6.png\" alt=\"44 dm control 6\" /></p>\r\n<p> </p>','',1,48,'2015-01-30 16:17:38',10,'','2016-03-16 14:54:10',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-30 16:17:38','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',8,102,'','',1,2112,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(3857,4562,'MS-Contrôle - (Contrôle de la Matière Sèche)','ts-control-fr','<p><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Fonctionnalité active depuis la version</span></span></span></span> 2.26: &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #33cccc;\"> STANDARD &nbsp;</span> <span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\"> &nbsp; PROFESSIONAL &nbsp;</span> &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">&nbsp; CONSULTANT &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"> &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">&nbsp; EDUCATION &nbsp; <br /></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En plus du contrôle des différents nutriments de la ration (graphique de droite), PC-Horse vous informe maintenant sur la quantité de fourrage (aliment fibreux) que la ration quotidiennne du cheval devrait contenir. Pour cela, vous devrez utliser le Contrôle de la Matière Sèche (graphique de gauche). Le Contrôle calcule la quantité de matière sèche que le cheval devrait avoir et compare aux quantités de fourrage et de matière sèche de la ration que vous avez formulée. A vous de jouer !</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/33-images/33%20dm-control_1.png\" alt=\"33 dm control 1\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Commencer par la répartition du fourrage. Nous montrons ci-dessus l\'avertissement affiché lorsque la ration contient trop peu de fourrage et globalement trop peu de matière sèche. La ration est trop faible.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/33-images/33%20dm-control_2.png\" alt=\"33 dm control 2\" /></p>\r\n<p>Lorsque vous augmentez les quantités données, la barre change de couleur en passant du jaune au vert.</p>\r\n<p><br /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/33-images/33%20dm-control_3.png\" alt=\"33 dm control 3\" /></p>\r\n<p>La couleur verte ou jaune indique une quantité de fourrage et de MS corrrecte.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/33-images/33%20dm-control_4.png\" alt=\"33 dm control 4\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Maintenant, ajuster les quantités de concentrés ou de compléments en minéraux et vitamines à donner pour obtenir une ration équilibrée à l\'égard de tous les nutriments !</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/33-images/33%20dm-control_5.png\" alt=\"33 dm control 5\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le Contrôle de la Matière Sèche vous avertira également si votre ration contient plus de fourrage ou de matière sèche que le cheval ne peut manger (voir exemple ci-dessous).</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/33-images/33%20dm-control_6.png\" alt=\"33 dm control 6\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>','',1,48,'2015-01-30 16:17:38',10,'','2015-05-16 10:43:49',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-30 16:17:38','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,101,'','',1,2108,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3858,4563,'Kontrolle der Trockensubstanz (TS-Kontroll)','ts-control-de','<p><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Feature active from version</span></span></span></span> 2.26: &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #33cccc;\"> STANDARD &nbsp;</span> <span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\"> &nbsp; PROFESSIONAL &nbsp;</span> &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">&nbsp; CONSULTANT &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"> &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">&nbsp; EDUCATION &nbsp; <br /></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p>In addition to the control of the individual nutrients in the ration (Right panel), PC-Horse now gives you advice on how much roughage (fibrous feed) the horse\'s daily ration should have. You will use the Dry Matter Control (Panel on the left) for this. The control calculates how much dry matter the horse should have, and compares to the actual roughage and total dry matter amounts in the ration you formulate. As you go!</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-tscontrol_1.png\" alt=\"49 tscontrol 1\" /></p>\r\n<p>Start with allocating the roughage. Above we show the warning issued when the ration contains too little roughage and too little total dry matter; The ration is too small.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-tscontrol_2.png\" alt=\"49 tscontrol 2\" /></p>\r\n<p>When you increase the amounts given, the bar will change color through yellow to green.<br /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-tscontrol_3.png\" alt=\"49 tscontrol 3\" /></p>\r\n<p>With green and yellow colors your roughage and DM allocations are OK.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-tscontrol_4.png\" alt=\"49 tscontrol 4\" /></p>\r\n<p>Now, adjuste the amounts of concentrates or vitamin/mineral supplements fed, until you have a balanced ration with regard to all individual nutrients!</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-tscontrol_5.png\" alt=\"49 tscontrol 5\" /></p>\r\n<p>The Dry Matter Control will issue a warning also if your ration contains more roughage or total dry matter than the horse can&nbsp; eat (Example below).</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-tscontrol_6.png\" alt=\"49 tscontrol 6\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>','',1,48,'2015-01-30 16:17:38',10,'','2015-03-31 15:36:52',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-30 16:17:38','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,100,'','',1,2115,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3859,4564,'Dry Matter Control','ts-control-nl','<p><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Feature active from version</span></span></span></span> 2.26:  <span style=\"background-color: #33cccc;\"> STANDARD  </span> <span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\">   PROFESSIONAL  </span>  <span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">  CONSULTANT  <span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">  <span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">  EDUCATION   <br /></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p>In addition to the control of the individual nutrients in the ration (Right panel), PC-Horse now gives you advice on how much roughage (fibrous feed) the horse\'s daily ration should have. You will use the Dry Matter Control (Panel on the left) for this. The control calculates how much dry matter the horse should have, and compares to the actual roughage and total dry matter amounts in the ration you formulate. As you go!</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44%20dm-control_1.png\" alt=\"44 dm control 1\" /></p>\r\n<p>Start with allocating the roughage. Above we show the warning issued when the ration contains too little roughage and too little total dry matter; The ration is too small.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44%20dm-control_2.png\" alt=\"44 dm control 2\" /></p>\r\n<p>When you increase the amounts given, the bar will change color through yellow to green.<br /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44%20dm-control_3.png\" alt=\"44 dm control 3\" /></p>\r\n<p>With green and yellow colors your roughage and DM allocations are OK.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44%20dm-control_4.png\" alt=\"44 dm control 4\" /></p>\r\n<p>Now, adjuste the amounts of concentrates or vitamin/mineral supplements fed, until you have a balanced ration with regard to all individual nutrients!</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44%20dm-control_5.png\" alt=\"44 dm control 5\" /></p>\r\n<p>The Dry Matter Control will issue a warning also if your ration contains more roughage or total dry matter than the horse can  eat (Example below).</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44%20dm-control_6.png\" alt=\"44 dm control 6\" /></p>\r\n<p> </p>','',1,48,'2015-01-30 16:17:38',10,'','2015-02-03 19:02:35',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-30 16:17:38','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,99,'','',1,2098,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(3860,4565,'Dry Matter-Control - new in PC-Horse!','ts-control-promo-nl','<table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"20\" cellpadding=\"10\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/banners/44-tscontrol200.png\" alt=\"44 tscontrol200\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" /> </td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Now we are launching</span> <span class=\"hps\">a brand new</span> <span class=\"hps\">tool to</span> <span class=\"hps\">make it</span> <span class=\"hps\">even</span> <span class=\"hps\">easier to</span> <span class=\"hps\">fine-tune</span> <span class=\"hps\">your</span> <span class=\"hps\">diets</span>.<br /> <span class=\"hps\">You can see directly</span> <span class=\"hps\">how</span> <span class=\"hps\">dry matter</span> (DM) <span class=\"hps\">content</span> <span class=\"hps\">changes</span> <span class=\"hps\">in</span> the <span class=\"hps\">diet</span> <span class=\"hps\">gradually</span> <span class=\"hps\">as you balance</span> <span class=\"hps\">the content of the</span> <span class=\"hps\">ration</span>. </span><span class=\"hps atn\">DM-</span>control <span class=\"hps\">is included in</span> <span class=\"hps\">the standard version</span> <span class=\"hps\">and</span> <span class=\"hps\">all the</span> <span class=\"hps\">professional</span> <span class=\"hps\">versions of the program</span>. <a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3859&amp;Itemid=4569&amp;lang=nl\"><span class=\"hps\">Learn more</span> <span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\">here.</span></a></p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>','',0,105,'2015-01-30 12:09:56',10,'','2015-02-09 17:36:55',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-30 12:13:24','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,1,'','',1,112,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',1,'nl-NL',''),(3861,4566,'Geschäftsgrundsätze','business-principles-de','<p><strong>Ration formulation based on science – </strong>Our goal is to apply the best of accepted knowledge to all calculations made by PC-Horse. To reach this goal we are continuously updating the program based on current thinking in equine nutrition. It is our responsibility as publishers and researchers to provide tools for calculation of the very best rations for your horse. <strong><br /></strong></p>','',1,3,'2015-01-30 12:46:17',10,'','2015-02-25 09:18:30',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-30 12:46:17','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,1,'','',1,1829,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3862,4567,'Business principles','business-principles-nl','<p><strong>Ration formulation based on science – </strong>Our goal is to apply the best of accepted knowledge to all calculations made by PC-Horse. To reach this goal we are continuously updating the program based on current thinking in equine nutrition. It is our responsibility as publishers and researchers to provide tools for calculation of the very best rations for your horse. <strong><br /></strong></p>','',1,3,'2015-01-30 12:46:17',10,'','2015-02-11 09:01:50',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-30 12:46:17','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,0,'','',1,1793,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(3863,4568,'Code couleur et symboles aliments','feedcolors-fr','<p><strong>Les listes d\'aliments sont structurées selon plusieurs caractéristiques : d\'abord le système de couleurs <br /></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><span style=\"font-family: arial black,avant garde;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span class=\"style6\">VERT = FOURRAGES ALIMENTS GROSSIERS</span></span><br /><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><span class=\"style7\">JAUNE = CONCENTRES et GRAINS</span></span><br /><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span class=\"style8\">BLEU = SUPPLEMENTS, BALANCERS, MELANGES DE VITAMINES &amp; MINERAUX</span></span><span class=\"style5\"><br /></span></span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>Voilà ce que vous voyez quand vous ouvrez une liste d\'aliments :</strong> <img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-116 feedtypes.jpg\" alt=\"44-116 feedtypes\" height=\"88\" width=\"258\" /></p>\r\n<p>Quand vous cliquez sur un type d\'aliments vous trouverez une liste de marques disponibles sur le marché.<br />Cliquer sur les signes plus ou moins pour dérouler ou fermer la liste (exemple pour les listes des aliments UK).<br /><br /><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-172 Suppliers.jpg\" alt=\"44-172 Suppliers\" height=\"150\" width=\"259\" /> <span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</span> <img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-194 products.jpg\" alt=\"44-194 products\" height=\"151\" width=\"260\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><strong>Symbolesqui montrent les différentes catégories d\'aliments :</strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/locks.jpg\" alt=\"locks\" height=\"20\" width=\"90\" />&nbsp;<br />Un cadenas signifie que l\'aliment est un produit d\'une marque (commerciale). Les analyses des nutriments sont incluses dans PC-Horse. Aucun changement dans la composition nutritionnelle de ces aliments n\'est possible. Les aliments commerciaux peuvent faire partie de toutes les catégories d\'aliments (couleurs). Le seul élément qui peut être modifié est le <strong>prix</strong>.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/globes.jpg\" alt=\"globes\" height=\"22\" width=\"82\" /><br />Un globe indique qu\'il s\'agit d\'un produit générique. Les produits génériques typiques sont les fourrages, les grains, les ensilages de qualités standard, et minéraux ou compléments tels que sel ou mélasses. Les aliments génériques sont couramment utilisés comme modèles pour vos propres foin ou enrubanné. </p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/stars.jpg\" alt=\"stars\" height=\"20\" width=\"82\" /><br />Une étoile représente un aliment que vous avez défini vous-même. Il peut être un aliment que vous avez vous-même cultivé, un aliment que vous avez acheté directement auprès d\'une exploitation ou un produit commercial que vous avez saisi dans PC-Horse selon les informations obtenues auprès des producteurs. </p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/909 warning 16px.gif\" alt=\"909 warning 16px\" height=\"16\" width=\"16\" /><br />PC-Horse signale que l\'analyse des nutriments de cet aliment a été obtenu de sources publiques. Les données ne sont pas garanties par le fournisseur.&nbsp; that this feed has analyses of nutrients that have been collected from open sources. </p>','',1,48,'2009-01-19 15:07:33',62,'','2015-03-19 18:47:01',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 15:07:33','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,98,'','',1,1903,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3864,4569,'Calcul du poids','weight-calculator-fr','<p>Vous pouvez utiliser le tour de poitrine pour calculer le poids corporel. Cliquer sur&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ff0000;\"> </span><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/130 questionmark.jpg\" alt=\"130 questionmark\" height=\"20\" width=\"27\" /> pour obtenir de l\'aide !</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/33-images/33%20weightcalulator.png\" alt=\"33 weightcalulator\" /></p>\r\n<p>Donner une mesure du tour de poitrine et cliquer sur <strong>\"Calculer le poids\". </strong>Le poids dans le tableau est modifié.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Vous pouvez également</span> <span class=\"hps\">faire un calcul</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">inverse</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Activer</span> <span class=\"hps\">un poids</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le tableau</span>, <span class=\"hps atn\">et cliquez sur \"</span><strong>Calculer <span class=\"hps\">le</span> <span class=\"hps\">périmètre</span></strong><span>\"</span> <span class=\"hps\">PC</span><span class=\"atn\">-</span><span>Horse</span> <span class=\"hps\">estimera</span><span class=\"hps\"> le</span> <span class=\"hps\">tour de poitrine</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Dans la liste</span> <span class=\"hps\">déroulante</span><span>, vous trouverez</span> <span class=\"hps\">les poids corporels</span> <span class=\"hps\">communs pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">les différentes races</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span>max <span class=\"hps\">/</span> <span class=\"hps\">min)</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\">Comment prendre</span> <span class=\"hps\">une mesure </span>: <span class=\"hps\">Vous</span> <span class=\"hps\">avez besoin d\'un mètre ruban</span><span class=\"hps\"></span> <span class=\"hps\">de</span> <span class=\"hps\">2</span> <span class=\"hps\">-</span> <span class=\"hps\">2,5</span> <span class=\"hps\">m de long</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Placer la</span> <span class=\"hps\">bande</span> <span class=\"hps\">autour de la poitrine</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans la position représentée</span> <span class=\"hps\">sur le dessin.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Serrer</span> <span class=\"hps\">la bande</span> <span class=\"hps\">jusqu\'à ce que vous</span> <span class=\"hps\">soyez juste</span> <span class=\"hps\">en mesure d\'insérer</span> <span class=\"hps\">votre main</span> <span class=\"hps\">entre la peau et</span> <span class=\"hps\">la bande</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Rappelez-vous que</span> <span class=\"hps\">il y a</span> <span class=\"hps\">souvent</span> <span class=\"hps\">une marge</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'erreur de 5</span>% <span class=\"hps\">lorsque vous</span> <span class=\"hps\">estimez le poids</span> <span class=\"hps\">via le</span> <span class=\"hps\">tour de poitrine</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Vous pouvez réduire</span> <span class=\"hps\">cette variation</span> <span class=\"hps\">en faisant attention</span> <span class=\"hps\">à placer</span> <span class=\"hps\">la bande</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans la même position</span> <span class=\"hps\">et en essayant de</span> <span class=\"hps\">la serrer</span> <span class=\"hps\">de la même façon</span><span class=\"hps\"> chaque fois.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Soyez inventif</span> <span class=\"hps\">-</span> <span class=\"hps\">prenez une mesure</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">du tour</span> <span class=\"hps\">de poitrine</span> <span class=\"hps\">à des moments où</span> <span class=\"hps\">vous avez accès à</span> <span class=\"hps\">une échelle</span><span>,</span> <span class=\"hps\">et essayez de</span> <span class=\"hps\">régler</span> <span class=\"hps\">les erreurs</span> <span class=\"hps\">systématiques</span> <span class=\"hps\">lorsque vous mesurez</span> <span class=\"hps\">le périmètre</span>.</p>','',1,47,'2009-01-19 14:04:41',62,'','2015-05-09 10:34:38',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 14:04:41','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,47,'','',1,1759,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3865,4570,'Mars 2015 - Hvordan setter du sammen en god fôrrasjon','mars2015-nb','<p><strong>Fôrrasjonens ABC</strong><em><br /><br /></em>Når du skal sette opp den daglige fôrrasjonen til hesten din er det flere faktorer som du må ta i betraktning. Hvilken type, kvalitet og mengde grovfôr bør rasjonen inneholde? Vil hesten trenge ekstra kraftfôrblanding eller korn. Hva med vitamin og mineral tilskudd?</p>\r\n<p>Vi vil her ta med noen grunnleggende prinsipper for å sette opp en god rasjon til hesten din.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Grovfôrtype og kvalitet</strong></p>\r\n<p>Det første som må vurderes er alltid hvilken type og mengde grovfôr som skal brukes. Grovfôret vil oftest være høy eller ensilasje. Vanligvis har høy et tørrstoffinnhold (TS) rundt 85%. Dette betyr at høy kun inneholder ca 15% vann. Ensilasje kan variere relativt mye i fuktighet, men har oftest et tørrstoffinnhold på 60% til 75%. Dette tilsvarer et vanninnhold på 40% til 25%.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/hay_vs_ensilage.jpg\" alt=\"hay vs ensilage\" /></p>\r\n<p>Når vi skal sammenligne næringsinnholdet i forskjellige partier høy eller ensilasje må vi alltid sammenligne næringsinnholdet per kg tørrstoff (TS). Om du velger å bruker høy eller ensilasje betyr ikke så mye. Det som er viktig er at fôret har god hygienisk kvalitet og at næringsinnholdet er passende for den hesten du skal lage fôrplan til. For mer detaljer om grovfôrkvalitet til ulike typer hester<a href=\"index.php/nb/articles/topic-of-the-month/topics-topics/3124-oct201357257\"> se artikkelen fra Oktober 2013.</a></p>\r\n<p><strong>Optimal mengde grovfôr</strong></p>\r\n<p>Når du skal vurdere hva som er en optimal mengde grovfôr til din hest må du beregne mengden som kilo tørrstoff (TS). Dette er særlig viktig når du bruker ensilasje, da dette er et fuktig fôr og vannet vil ikke bidra noe til fôrets næringsinnhold, volum av tarminnhold eller hestens metthetsfølelse.</p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"10\" cellpadding=\"10\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/banners/47-tscontrol200.png\" alt=\"47 tscontrol200\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" />&nbsp;</td>\r\n<td>Den generelle regelen er at med en blandet rasjon (grovfôr og kraftfôr) bør hesten få en mengde grovfôr tørrstoff tilsvarende 1,5% av kroppsvekten (1,5 kg grovfôr TS per 100 kg kroppsvekt), og den skal aldri ha en mengde grovfôr tørrstoff mindre enn 1,0% av kroppsvekt (1.0 kg grovfôr TS per 100 kg kroppsvekt). Dette er for å sikre at hesten får nok spise og tyggetid, samt normalt volum av tarminnhold og god metthetsfølelse. Utilstrekkelig mengde grovfôr TS kan føre til forstyrrelser i tarmfunksjon og uønsket adferd (stereotypier). <span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"no\"><span class=\"hps\">PC-Horse har</span> <span class=\"hps\">en</span> <span class=\"hps\">spesiell</span> <span class=\"hps\">funksjon</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span>TS<span class=\"atn\">-</span>Control), som gjør det <span class=\"hps\">lettere å</span> <span class=\"hps\">se hvor mye</span> <span class=\"hps\">tørrstoff</span> <span class=\"hps\">det daglige</span> <span class=\"hps\">rasjon</span> <span class=\"hps\">bør</span> <span class=\"hps\">inneholde</span>. <a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3852&amp;Itemid=4563&amp;lang=nb\"><span class=\"hps\">Les</span> <span class=\"hps\">her</span>.</a></span>&nbsp;</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Trenger hesten din ekstra kraftfôr eller vitamin/mineral tilskudd?</strong></p>\r\n<p>Når du har bestemt kvalitet og mengde grovfôr må du vurdere om det er behov for å gi en kraftfôrblanding, korn eller en vitamin/mineral blanding. PC-Horse beregner næringsbehovet for hver enkelt hest individuelt og vil grafisk vise om det er behov for andre fôrtyper for å balansere fôrplanen slik at hestens næringsbehov blir dekket.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/47-mars2015_1.png\" alt=\"47 mars2015 1\" width=\"550\" height=\"500\" /></p>\r\n<p><em>Eksempel. Hest i trening. Etter å ha gitt en passende mengde grovfôr har hesten enda ikke fått dekket hele næringsbehovet sitt</em></p>\r\n<p><strong>Hvor mye spiser en hest?</strong><br />Det er begrenset hvor mye en hest kan spise. Vanligvis vil fôropptaket være i området 2-3 kg tørrstoff (TS) per 100 kg kroppsvekt. Hester som trenes, lakterende hopper og unghester vil vanligvis spise mer enn hester på vedlikehold med liten aktivitet, men det kan være relativt store variasjoner mellom hestene. Når du setter opp rajonen til hesten din må du derfor være sikker på at hesten får så mye tørrstoff i rasjonen at den har nok spise og tyggetid, normal tarmfylling og god metthetsfølelse. Rasjonen skal heller ikke beregnes så stor at hesten ikke klarer å spise opp.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Sette opp fôrrasjoner med PC-Horse.</strong><br />Når du bruker PC-Horse til å sette opp fôrrasjoner til hestene dine vil programmet hjelpe deg på flere måter.<br />1. Det viser deg om rasjonens innhold av grovfôr tørrstoff er akseptabelt.<br />2. Det viser deg i prosent andel grovfôr TS, kraftfôr og vitamin/mineral tilskudd i hele rasjonen.<br />3. TS-kontrollen viser om mengde tørrstoff i totalrasjonen er innenfor optimalt område og gir kommentarer til dette.<br />4. Det viser innholdet av en rekke næringsstoffer i forhold til hestens dagsbehov.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/47-mars2015_2.png\" alt=\"47 mars2015 2\" width=\"550\" height=\"364\" /></p>\r\n<p>Når du bruker PC-Horse kan du føle deg trygg på at rasjonene dine er optimale for hver enkelt hest.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-03-31 15:59:22',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-02-28 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',16,218,'','',1,2298,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(3866,4571,'Mars 2015 - Så här gör du en bra dagsranson','mars2015-sv','<p><strong>Fodergivans ABC</strong><em><br /></em>När Du ska sätta upp den dagliga foderransonen till din häst är det flera olika faktorer som måste tas med i beräkningen. Vilken typ, kvalitet och mängd grovfoder bör den innehålla? Kommer hästen att behöva extra kraftfodertillskott eller spannmål? Vad krävs i tillskott av mineraler och vitaminer? I den här artikeln ska vi ta upp några grundläggande principer som gäller för att dagsgivan ska bli bra för din häst.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Grovfoder - typ och kvalitet<br /></strong>Det första som måste värderas är alltid vilken typ och mängd grovfoder som ska användas. Det är oftast hö eller hösilage. Vanligtvis har hö ett torrsubstans-innehåll (TS) runt 85%, vilket betyder att hö endast innehåller 15% vatten. Fuktinnehållet i hösilage, däremot, kan däremot variera ganska mycket. Oftast ligger torrsubstans-innehållet mellan 60% till 75%. Det motsvarar då ett vatteninnehåll på mellan 40% till 25%.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/hay_vs_ensilage.jpg\" alt=\"hay vs ensilage\" /></p>\r\n<p>Vid jämförelse av näringinnehållet i olika partier hö och hösilage måste du därför jämföra näringhållet omräknat i per kg torrsubstans (TS) eftersom det inte finns någon näring i vattnet. Valet mellan att fodra med hö eller hösilage är inte så avgörande. Det viktiga är att fodret håller en hög hygienisk kvalitet och att näringsinnehållet passar för hästen du ska fodra. För mer detaljer om grovfoderkvalitet till olika typer av hästar hänvisar vi till vår tidigare artikel från <a href=\"index.php/sv/articles/topic-of-the-month/topics-topics/3126-oct201332690\">Oktober 2013.</a></p>\r\n<p><strong>Optimal mängd grovfoder<br /></strong>För att komma fram till vilken mängd grovfoder som är optimal för hästen ska du beräkna mängden som kilo torrsubstans (TS). Detta är speciellt viktigt vid användning av hösilage eftersom detta har ett högt (och variabelt) vatteninnehåll - och vattnet bidrar ju varken till fodrets näringsinnehåll, tarminnehållets volym eller till hästens mättnadskänsla.</p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"10\" cellpadding=\"10\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/banners/47-tscontrol200.png\" alt=\"47 tscontrol200\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" />&nbsp;</td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>Den generella regeln är att med en blandad ranson (grovfoder och kraftfoder) bör hästen ges grovfoder i en mängd som motsvarar 1,5% av kroppsvikten (1,5 kg grovfoder TS per 100 kg kroppsvikt), och den ska aldrig ges mindre än 1,0% av sin kroppsvikt (minst 1,0 kg grovfoder TS per 100 kg kroppsvikt). Detta för att säkerställa hästens behov av tuggtid och normal volym av tarminnehåll - samt för att den ska känna sig tillräckligt mätt. Otillräcklig mängd grovfoder TS kan leda till störningar i tarmfunktionen och till oönskat beteende (stereotypier). PC-Horse har en specialfunktion (TS-Kontroll), som gör det enkelt att avläsa hur mycket torrsubstans dagsgivan bör innehålla. <a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3851&amp;Itemid=4558&amp;lang=sv\">Läs mer här.</a></p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Behöver din häst extra kraftfoder eller vitamin/mineral tillskott?<br /></strong>När du är klar med kvalitet och mängd grovfoder kan du göra en värdering om det föreligger extra behov av kraftfoder, spannmål, vitaminer eller mineraler.<br />I PC-Horse, som beräknar behoven för varje häst individuellt, visar olika diagram tydligt vilka näringsämnen som behöver tillföras och från vilka foder näringsämnena hämtas. Med den omfattande Sverigelistans färdiga analyser på mer än 200 fodertyper går det snabbt att lägga till det som behövs. Och du kan jämföra olika foder med varandra för att komma fram till vad som är optimalt för din häst.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/47-mars2015_1.png\" alt=\"47 mars2015 1\" width=\"550\" height=\"500\" /></p>\r\n<p><em>Ovanstående exempel: En häst i träning. Efter att givit en passande mängd grovfoder har hästen ändå inte givits täckning för hela sitt näringsbehov.</em></p>\r\n<p><strong>Hur mycket äter en häst?</strong><br />Detär begränsat hur mycket en häst kan äta. Vanligtvis ligger foderupptaget inom området 2-3 kg torrsubstans (TS) per 100 kg kroppsvikt. Hästar i träning, digivande ston och unghästar äter normalt mer än hästar i underhåll med låg aktivitet, men det kan råda stora variationer mellan hästarna. När du sätter upp en dagsranson bör du därför försäktra dig om att hästen får så pass mycket torrsubstans i ransonen att den ges tillräckligt mycket ät- och tuggtid, normal tarmfyllning och god mättnadskänsla. Ransonen ska heller icke dimensioneras större än att hästen orkar äta upp den.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Göra foderransoner med PC-Horse.</strong><br />Programmet hjälper dig på flera sätt.<br />1. Det visar om ransonens innehåll av grovfodrets torrsubstans är acceptabel.<br />2. Det visar i procent andelen grovfoder TS, kraftfoder och tillskottsmedel i hela ransonen.<br />3. TS-kontrollen visar om mängden torrsubstans i totalransonen är inom optimalt område och kommenterar detta.<br />4. Det visar innehållet för en rad viktiga näringsämnen i förhållande till hästens dagsbehov.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/47-mars2015_2.png\" alt=\"47 mars2015 2\" width=\"550\" height=\"364\" /></p>\r\n<p>När du använder PC-Horse kan du känna dig säker på att dagsransonerna blir optimala för varje enskild häst.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-03-31 15:56:58',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-02-28 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',11,204,'','',1,3346,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(3867,4572,'Marts 2015 - Hvordan sammensætter du en god foderration','mars2015-dk','<p><strong>Foderrationens ABC</strong></p>\r\n<p>Når du skal sammensætte den daglige foderration til dine heste er det flere faktorer som du må tage i betragtning. Hvilken type, kvalitet og mængde grovoderr bør rationen indeholde? Vil hesten have behov for ekstra kraftfoderblanding eller korn. Hvad med vitamin og mineral tilskud?<br />Vi vil her tage udgangspunkt i nogle grundlæggende principper for at sammensætte en god ration til din hest.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Grovfodertype og kvalitet</strong><br />Det første som skal vurderes er alltid hvilken type og mængde grovfoder som skal bruges. Grov-foderet vil oftest være hø eller wrap. Normalt har hø et tørstofindhold (TS) omkring 85%. Dette be-tyder at hø kun indeholder ca 15% vand. Wrap og balleensilage kan variere relativt meget i fugtig-het, men har oftest et tørstoffindhold på 60% til 75%. Dette svarer til et vandindhold på 40% til 25%.<br /><br />Når vi skal sammenligne næringsindholdet i forskellige partier hø eller wrap må vi alltid sammen-ligne næringsindholdet pr kg tørrstof (TS). Om du vælger at bruge hø eller wrap betyder ikke så meget. Det som er vigtigt er at foderet har god hygiejnisk kvalitet og at næringsindholdet er pas-sende for den hest du skal sammensætte foderplan til. For flere detaljer om grovfoderkvalitet til forskelligetyper heste se artikkelen fra <a href=\"index.php/da/articles/topic-of-the-month/topics-topics/3120-oct201393157\">Oktober 2013.</a></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/hay_vs_ensilage.jpg\" alt=\"hay vs ensilage\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Optimal mængde grovfoder</strong><br />Når du skal vurdere hvad som er en optimal mængde grovfoder til din hest må du beregne mængden som kilo tørstof (TS). Dette er særlig vigtigt når du bruger balleensilage, da dette er et fugtigt foder og vandet ikke bidrager med nogle næringsstoffer, volummen af tarmindhold eller hestens mæthedsfølelse. Den generelle regel er at med en blandet ration (grovfoder og kraftfoder) bør hes-ten få en mængde grovfoder tørrstof svarende til 1,5% af kropsvægten (1,5 kg grovfoder TS pr 100 kg kropsvægt), og den skal aldrig have mindre grovfoder målt i tørstof end 1,0% af kropsvægten (1.0 kg grovfoder TS pr 100 kg kropsvægt). Dette er for at sikre at hesten får nok at æde og tilstrækkelig tyggetid, samt normalt volum af tarmindhold og god mæthedssfølelse. Utilstrækkelig mængde grovfoder TS kan føre til forstyrrelser i tarmfunktion og uønsket adfærd (stereotypier).<br /><br /><strong>Har din hest behov for ekstra tilskud af kraftfoder eller vitamin/mineral tilskud?</strong><br />Når du har bestemt kvalitet og mængde grovfoder må du vurdere om der er behov for at give en kraftfoderblanding, korn eller en vitamin/mineral blanding. PC-Horse beregner næringsbehovet for hver enkelt hest individuelt og vil grafisk vise om det er behov for andre fodertyper for at balancere foderplanen sådan at hestens næringsbehov bliver dækket.<br /><br /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/45-mars2015_1.png\" alt=\"45 mars2015 1\" width=\"560\" height=\"400\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Hvor meget æder en hest?</strong><br />Det er begrænset hvor meget en hest kan æde. Normalt vil foderoptagelsen være i området 2-3 kg tørstof (TS) pr 100 kg kropsvægt. Hester som trænes, lakterende hopper og ungheste vil normalt spise mere end heste på vedligehold med kun lidt l aktivitet, men der kan være relativt store varia-tioner mellem hestene. Når du sammensætter foderrationer til dine heste må du derfor være sik-ker på at hesten får så meget tørstof i rationen at den har nok æde og tyggetid, normal tarmfyld-ning og god mæthedsfølelse. Rationen skal heller ikke være så stor at hesten ikke formår at spise op.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Sammensæt foderrationer med PC-Horse.</strong><br />Når du bruger PC-Horse til at sammensætte foderrationer til dine heste vil programmet hjælpe dig på flere måder.<br />1. Det viser dig om rationens indhold af grovfoder tørrstof er acceptabelt.<br />2. Det viser dig i procent andel grovfoder TS, kraftfoder og vitamin/mineral tilskud i hele ratio-nen.<br />3. TS-kontrollen viser om mængde tørstof i totalrationen er indenfor optimalt område og giver kommentarer til dette.<br />4. Det viser indholdet af en række næringsstoffer i forhold til hestens dagsbehov.Når du bruger PC-Horse kan du føle dig tryg ved at dine foderrationer er optimale for hver enkelt hest. <br /><br />&nbsp;<img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/45-mars2015_2.png\" alt=\"45 mars2015 2\" width=\"550\" height=\"331\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-03-31 15:58:51',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-02-28 23:55:01','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',10,170,'','',1,2204,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(3868,4573,'March 2015 - Compose a good ration for your horse.','mars2015-en','<p><strong>An ABC of ration formulation</strong><br />When you compose a daily ration for your horse, several factors have to be taken into account. What type, quality and amount of roughage should be included in the ration? Will the horse need additional compound feed or grains? What about mineral and vitamin supplements? Here are some basic points to help you formulate good rations for your horse.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Roughage type and quality</strong><br />The first thing to consider should always be the type and amount of roughage. The type of roughage will usually be a grass hay or haylage. Normally, grass hay will have a dry matter content (DM) of around 85%. This means that grass hays will contain only about 15% water. Haylages can vary considerably in DM content, often from around 60% to 75%, which corresponds to a water content of 40% to 25%. When we compare the nutrient content of different hays and haylages, we should always compare the nutrient content per kg DM. Whether you choose to feed your horse hay or haylage does not matter so much. What does matter is that the feed is of good hygienic quality and that the nutrient content is suitable for the kind of horse you are feeding. For more details about forage quality for different types of horses see our article from <a href=\"index.php/en/articles/topic-of-the-month/topics-topics/3122-oct201358532\">October 2013</a></p>\r\n<p><strong>Optimal amounts of roughage</strong><br />When considering the optimal amount of roughage to be included in a horse\'s ration, you have to calculate the roughage amount as kilos of dry matter. This is especially important when you are feeding haylage. This is a moist feed and the water will not contribute to the nutrient supply, gut fill or satiety of the horse. The general rule is that on a mixed ration, a horse should receive roughage dry matter equivalent to 1,5% of its body weight (1,5 kg roughage DM per 100&nbsp;kg body weight) and never less than 1,0% of its body weight (1,0 kg roughage DM per 100 kg body weight). This is to ensure enough eating and chewing time as well as normal levels of gut fill and satiety. Insufficient amounts of roughage DM may lead to impaired gut function and unwanted behavioral habits.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Is there a need for concentrates or vit/min supplements?</strong><br />Once the quality and amount of roughage have been set, you must consider adding a compound feed, grains or a vitamin/mineral supplement. PC-Horse calculates the nutrient requirements of each horse individually, and will graphically show you if additional feeds are needed to balance the ration and thus meet the requirements of the individual horse.</p>\r\n<p><em><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/44-mars2015_1.png\" alt=\"44 mars2015 1\" width=\"550\" height=\"400\" /><br />Example. Horse with moderate exercise. </em><em>After feeding a fair amount of roughage, the nutrient requirements of the horse have not yet been met.</em></p>\r\n<p><strong>How much will a horse eat?</strong><br />There are limits to how much a horse can eat. Most often, feed intake will be in the range of 2 – 3 kg dry matter (DM) per 100 kg body weight. Horses in training, lactating mares and young horses will normally eat more than idle horses, but individual variations may well be significant. Therefore, in overall terms, your aim is to compose a ration that gives the horse enough to eat to satisfy its requirements for eating and chewing time, gut fill and satiety. On the other hand, the total dry matter content of the ration must not be higher than what the horse is able to eat.<br /><br /><strong>Composing rations with PC-Horse</strong><br />When you use PC-Horse to compose rations for your horses, the program helps you in several ways.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/44-mars2015_2.png\" alt=\"44 mars2015 2\" width=\"550\" height=\"382\" /></p>\r\n<p>1. It shows you if the roughage dry matter content of the ration is acceptable.<br />2. It shows the percentage of roughage, concentrates and vit/min supplements in the total ration.<br />3. Via the DM-control, it shows whether the dry matter in the total ration is within an optimal range and comments on this.<br />4. It shows the levels of other key nutrients relevant to the horse\'s requirements.</p>\r\n<p>By using PC-Horse you can be confident that your rations are optimized for each individual horse.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-03-16 14:54:10',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-02-28 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,265,'','',1,1548,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(3869,4574,'Mars 2015 - Composer la bonne ration pour votre cheval','mars2015-fr','<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Un ABC de la formulation de ration</strong><br />Quand vous composez la ration quotidienne de votre cheval, plusieurs facteurs sont à prendre en compte. Quels type, qualité et quantité de fourrage devraient être inclus dans la ration ? Est-ce que le cheval aura besoin de céréales ou de concentrés en plus ? Et que penser des suppléments en vitamines et minéraux ?<br />Voici quelques points de base pour vous aider à formuler les bonnes rations pour votre cheval.<br /><br /><strong>Type et qualité des fourrages</strong><br />La première des choses à regarder devrait toujours être le type et la quantité de fourrage. Le type de fourrage sera habituellement un foin d\'herbe ou de l\'enrubanné. Normalement, le foin a une teneur en matière sèche (MS) aux alentours de 85 %. Ce qui signifie que le foin ne contient que 15 % d\'eau. Les enrubannés peuvent varier considérablement au niveau de leur teneur en MS, souvent de l\'ordre de 60 % à 75 %, ce qui correspond à une teneur en eau de 40 à 25 %. Lorsque l\'on compare la teneur en nutriments des différents foins ou enrubannés, nous devrions toujours comparer la teneur en éléments nutritifs par kg de MS. Que vous choisissiez de nourrir votre cheval avec du foin ou de l\'enrubanné importe peu. Ce qui est important c\'est que l\'aliment soit de bonne qualité sanitaire et que contenu nutritionnel soit approprié pour le cheval que vous avez à nourrir. Pour plus de détails au sujet de la qualité des fourrages pour les différents types de chevaux voir <a href=\"index.php/fr/articles/topic-of-the-month/topics-topics-fr/3123-oct201398989\">notre article d\'Octobre 2013.</a><br /><br /><strong>Quantités optimales de fourrages</strong><br />Lorsque l\'on considère la quantité optimale de fourrage à inclure dans la ration d\'un cheval, vous devez calculer la quantité de fourrage en kilo de matière sèche. C\'est particulièrement important lorsque vous donnez de l\'enrubanné. C\'est un aliment humide et l\'eau ne contribue pas à l\'apport de nutriments, au remplissage de l\'intestin ou la satiété de l\'animal. La règle générale lorsque l\'on donne une ration mixte, est qu\'un cheval devrait recevoir un équivalent de 1.5 % de son poids en matière sèche en fourrage (7.5 kg de MS de fourrage pour un cheval de 500 kg de poids vif) et jamais moins de 1.0 % de son poids vif (5.0 kg de matière sèche pour un cheval de 500 kg de poids vif). Cela permet d\'assurer un temps suffisant à manger et à mâcher ainsi que des niveaux suffisants de remplissage de l\'intestin et de satiété. Des quantités insuffisantes de MS en fourrage peuvent conduire à des altérations de la fonction intestinale et des habitudes comportementales indésirables.<br />Est-il nécessaire de fournir des concentrés ou suppléments en vit/min ?<br />Une fois que la qualité et la quantité de fourrage ont été définies, vous devez envisager l\'ajout d\'un aliment composé, de céréales ou d\'un supplément en vitamines et minéraux. PC-Horse calcule les besoins en nutriments de chaque cheval individuellement, et vous montrera par des représentations graphiques s\'il est nécessaire d\'ajouter des aliments pour équilibrer la ration et ainsi répondre aux exigences de chaque cheval.</p>\r\n<p><em><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/33-mars2015_1.jpg\" alt=\"33 mars2015 1\" /><br /></em><em>Exemple. Cheval avec une activité modérée.<br />Après avoir fourni la quantité adéquate de fourrage, les besoins nutritionnels du cheval ne sont pas couverts.</em></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Quelle quantité un cheval peut manger ?</strong><br />Il y a des limites sur les quantités que le cheval peut manger. Le plus souvent, la prise alimentaire sera de l\'ordre de 2-3 kg de matière sèche (MS) par 100 kg de poids vif. Les chevaux au travail, les juments en lactation et les jeunes chevaux mangeront normalement plus que des chevaux oisifs, mais les variations individuelles pourront aussi être significatives. Par conséquent, généralement parlant, votre but sera de composer une ration qui permet au cheval d\'avoir suffisamment pour couvrir ses besoins en temps à manger et à mâcher, le remplissage de son intestin et sa satiété. Par ailleurs, la quantité totale de matière sèche contenue dans la ration ne doit pas être supérieure à ce que le cheval est capable de manger.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Etablir des rations avec PC-Horse</strong><br />Quand vous utilisez PC-Horse pour établir des rations pour vos chevaux, le programme vous aide de plusieurs façons.<br />1. Il vous montre si la teneur en matière sèche du fourrage contenue dans la ration est acceptable.<br />2. Il vous montre le pourcentage de fourrages, concentrés, et suppléments vitamines et minéraux dans la ration totale.<br />3. Via le MS-Contrôle, il vous montre si la matière sèche de la ration totale se situe dans un niveau optimal et fait des commentaires à ce sujet.<br />4. Il vous montre les niveaux des autres nutriments clés en rapport avec les besoins des chevaux.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/33-mars2015_2.jpg\" alt=\"33 mars2015 2\" /></p>\r\n<p>En utilisant PC-Horse vous pouvez être sûr que vos rations sont optimisées pour chaque cheval.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-04-06 08:21:32',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-02-28 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',8,222,'','',1,1691,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3870,4575,'Mars 2015 - Wie stellen Sie eine gute Futterration für Ihr Pferd zusammen','mars2015-de','<p><strong>Das ABC der Futterration<br /></strong>Beim planen der täglichen Futterration für Ihr Pferd müssen Sie mehrere Faktoren beachten. Welche Art, Qualität und Menge Raufutter sollte die Ration beinhalten? Benötigt das Pferd zusätzlich eine Kraftfuttermischung oder Getreide? Wie sieht es mit Vitamin- und Mineralzusätzen aus?<br />Wir werden hier ein paar Grundprinzipien für die Rationsplanung Ihres Pferdes behandeln.<br /><br /><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/hay_vs_ensilage.jpg\" alt=\"hay vs ensilage\" /></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Raufutterarten und Qualitäten</strong><br />Erstens muss immer in Betracht gezogen werden welche Art und Menge Raufutter verwendet werden soll. Meist handelt es sich um Heu oder Heusilage. Normalerweise hat Heu ein Trockensubstanzgehalt (TS) von ca. 85%. Dies bedeutet das Heu einen Wassergehalt von ca. 15% hat. Die Feuchtigkeit in Heusilage variiert im Vergleich relativ stark, hat aber meistens einen Trockensubstanzgehalt von 60% bis 75%. Dies bedeutet gleichzeitig einen Wassergehalt von 40% bis 25%.<br />Wenn Nähringstoffinhalte unterschiedlicher Heu oder Heusilage Ernten mit einander verglichen werden sollen, müssen wir die Nährstoffinhalte immer per kg Trockensubstanz (TS) vergleichen. Ob die Wahl auf Heu oder Heusilage fällt spielt keine große Rolle. Wichtig sind eine gute hygienische Qualität und das die Nährstoffinnhalte zum Pferd und der geplanten Ration passen. Für weitere Information zu unterschiedlichen Raufutterqualitäten und Pferdetypen siehe <a href=\"http://pc-horse.com/index.php/de/articles/topic-of-the-month/topics-topics/3590-oct2013-de\">hier</a>.<br /><br /><strong>Optimale Menge Raufutter</strong><br />Wenn Sie in Betracht ziehen was die optimale Menge Raufutter für Ihr Pferd ist müssen sie die Menge in Kilogramm Trockensubstanz (TS) berechnen. Dies ist besonders Wichtig wenn Sie Heusilage verwenden, da es ein feuchtes Futter ist und Wasser nicht zum Nährstoffinhalt des Futters, Volumen im Darminhalt oder Sättigungsgefühl des Pferdes beiträgt. Die generelle Regel bei einer gemischten Ration (Raufutter und Kraftfutter) ist das ein Pferd 1,5% des Körpergewichtes an Raufuttertrockensubstanz erhalten sollte (1,5 kg Raufutter TS pro 100 kg Körpergewicht), und nie weniger als 1,0% des Körpergewichtes (1,0 kg Raufutter TS pro 100 kg Körpergewicht). Dadurch wird eine genügende Fress- und Kauzeit für das Pferd gewährleistet, sowie ein normales Darminhaltsvolumen und ein gutes Sättigungsgefühl. Ungenügende Mengen an Raufutter TS kann zu Störungen der Darmfunktion oder unerwünschtes Verhalten (Stereotypien) führen.<br /><br /><strong>Braucht das Pferd zusätzlich Kraftfutter oder Vitamin-/Mineralzusatz?</strong><br />Wenn Sie die Menge und Qualität des Raufutters bestimmt haben müssen Sie in Erwägung ziehen ob ein Bedarf an zusätzliche Gabe von Kraftfuttermischung, Getreide oder Vitamin-/Mineralzusatz besteht. PC-Horse berechnet den Nährstoffbedarf individuell für jedes Pferd angepasst und zeigt mittels Grafik ob ein Bedarf an anderen Futtermitteln besteht um die Ration optimal zu balancieren und den Bedarf an Nährstoffen zu decken.</p>\r\n<p><em><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/49-mars2015_1.png\" alt=\"49 mars2015 1\" width=\"550\" height=\"523\" /></em><em><br />Beispiel. Pferd im Training. Mit einer passenden Menge Raufutter ist das Pferd noch nicht mit allen Nährstoffen genügend versorgt.</em></p>\r\n<p>Wie viel frisst ein Pferd?<br />Es ist begrenzt wie viel ein Pferd fressen kann. Normal liegt die Futteraufnahme bei 2-3 kg Trockensubstanz (TS) pro 100 kg Körpergewicht. Pferde in Training, Laktierende Stuten und Jungpferde fressen normal etwas mehr als Pferde im Erhaltungsbedarf mit geringer Aktivität, aber die individuelle Variation kann relativ groß sein. Wenn Sie die Ration für Ihr Pferd zusammenstellen müssen Sie sicher sein, dass das Pferd für genügend fress- und Kauzeit, normale Darmfunktion und gutem Sättigungsgefühl, genügend Trockensubstanz mit der Ration erhält. Die Ration sollte andererseits auch nicht so groß berechnet sein, da das Pferd es nicht schafft die gesamte Ration aufzunehmen.<br /><br /><strong>Futterration mit PC-Horse erstellen</strong><br />Wenn Sie PC-Horse verwenden um die Futterration für Ihr Pferd zu erstellen wird das Programm Ihnen wie folgt dabei helfen:<br />1. Es zeigt Ihnen an ob der Inhalt an Raufutter TS der Ration akzeptabel ist.<br />2. Es Zeigt Ihnen den Anteil Raufutter TS, Kraftfutter und Vitamin-/Mineralzusatz der Ration in Prozent an.<br />3. Die TS-Kontrolle zeigt Ihnen an ob die Menge an TS in der gesamten Ration im Optimalen Bereich ist und gibt hierzu hilfreiche Kommentare.<br />4. Es zeigt Ihnen eine Reihe von Nährstoffen im Verhältnis zum Tagesbedarf Ihres Pferdes an.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/44-mars2015_2.png\" alt=\"44 mars2015 2\" width=\"550\" height=\"382\" /></p>\r\n<p>Wenn Sie PC-Horse verwenden können Sie sicher sein, dass Ihre Rationen optimal für jedes einzelne Pferd zusammengesetellt ist.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-04-06 08:20:50',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-02-28 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',10,207,'','',1,1777,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3871,4576,'Mars 2015 - Compose a good ration for your horse.','mars2015-nl','<p><strong>An ABC of ration formulation</strong><br />When you compose a daily ration for your horse, several factors have to be taken into account. What type, quality and amount of roughage should be included in the ration? Will the horse need additional compound feed or grains? What about mineral and vitamin supplements? Here are some basic points to help you formulate good rations for your horse.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Roughage type and quality</strong><br />The first thing to consider should always be the type and amount of roughage. The type of roughage will usually be a grass hay or haylage. Normally, grass hay will have a dry matter content (DM) of around 85%. This means that grass hays will contain only about 15% water. Haylages can vary considerably in DM content, often from around 60% to 75%, which corresponds to a water content of 40% to 25%. When we compare the nutrient content of different hays and haylages, we should always compare the nutrient content per kg DM. Whether you choose to feed your horse hay or haylage does not matter so much. What does matter is that the feed is of good hygienic quality and that the nutrient content is suitable for the kind of horse you are feeding. For more details about forage quality for different types of horses see our article from <a href=\"index.php/nl/articles/topic-of-the-month/topics-topics/3792-oct201358532-2\">October 2013</a></p>\r\n<p><strong>Optimal amounts of roughage</strong><br />When considering the optimal amount of roughage to be included in a horse\'s ration, you have to calculate the roughage amount as kilos of dry matter. This is especially important when you are feeding haylage. This is a moist feed and the water will not contribute to the nutrient supply, gut fill or satiety of the horse. The general rule is that on a mixed ration, a horse should receive roughage dry matter equivalent to 1,5% of its body weight (1,5 kg roughage DM per 100&nbsp;kg body weight) and never less than 1,0% of its body weight (1,0 kg roughage DM per 100&nbsp;kg body weight). This is to ensure enough eating and chewing time as well as normal levels of gut fill and satiety. Insufficient amounts of roughage DM may lead to impaired gut function and unwanted behavioral habits.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Is there a need for concentrates or vit/min supplements?</strong><br />Once the quality and amount of roughage have been set, you must consider adding a compound feed, grains or a vitamin/mineral supplement. PC-Horse calculates the nutrient requirements of each horse individually, and will graphically show you if additional feeds are needed to balance the ration and thus meet the requirements of the individual horse.</p>\r\n<p><em><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/44-mars2015_1.png\" alt=\"44 mars2015 1\" width=\"550\" height=\"400\" /><br />Example. Horse with moderate exercise. </em><em>After feeding a fair amount of roughage, the nutrient requirements of the horse have not yet been met.</em></p>\r\n<p><strong>How much will a horse eat?</strong><br />There are limits to how much a horse can eat. Most often, feed intake will be in the range of 2 – 3 kg dry matter (DM) per 100 kg body weight. Horses in training, lactating mares and young horses will normally eat more than idle horses, but individual variations may well be significant. Therefore, in overall terms, your aim is to compose a ration that gives the horse enough to eat to satisfy its requirements for eating and chewing time, gut fill and satiety. On the other hand, the total dry matter content of the ration must not be higher than what the horse is able to eat.<br /><br /><strong>Composing rations with PC-Horse</strong><br />When you use PC-Horse to compose rations for your horses, the program helps you in several ways.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/44-mars2015_2.png\" alt=\"44 mars2015 2\" width=\"550\" height=\"382\" /></p>\r\n<p>1. It shows you if the roughage dry matter content of the ration is acceptable.<br />2. It shows the percentage of roughage, concentrates and vit/min supplements in the total ration.<br />3. Via the DM-control, it shows whether the dry matter in the total ration is within an optimal range and comments on this.<br />4. It shows the levels of other key nutrients relevant to the horse\'s requirements.</p>\r\n<p>By using PC-Horse you can be confident that your rations are optimized for each individual horse.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-04-06 08:20:07',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-02-28 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,188,'','',1,1506,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(3872,4583,'April 2015 - Fôring av avlshoppa i siste del av drektighetstida og i tidlig laktasjon','april2015-nb','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:vil-du-kommentere-var-manedsartikkel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:vil-du-kommentere-var-manedsartikkel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><strong>Nå som hoppene er inne i den siste delen av drektighetstiden øker næringsbehovet betraktelig. Fosteret vokser nå mye fram til følling og du må følge opp med fôringen. Etter følling øker hoppa sitt næringsbehov ytterligere siden den nå skal produsere melk til føllet. Dette betyr at det er viktig at du følger med på holdet til avlshoppa. Den kan fort bli tynn dersom du ikke følger med og justerer fôringen.<br /><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/april15_1.jpg\" alt=\"april15 1\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Siste måned i drektighetstida</strong><br />I siste måned av drektighetstida legger fosteret på seg ca 30% av sin fødselsvekt. Dette betyr at næringsbehovet til hoppa øker betraktelig. Dersom hoppa ikke skal ta av sine egne kroppsreserver (bli tynnere) må vi dekke det økte næringsbehovet gjennom justering av fôrrasjonen.<br />Ut fra tabeller over næringsbehov for drektige hopper ser vi at hopper som er i siste drektighetsmåned har et energibehov som er 133% av vedlikeholdsbehovet. På samme måten er proteinbehovet økt til 180% av vedlikeholdsbehovet. Behovene for kalsium og fosfor har økt til ca 200% (det dobbelte av vedlikeholdsbehovet).</p>\r\n<p><strong>Tidlig laktasjon</strong><br />Første måned etter følling øker hoppa sin melkeproduksjon gradvis opp til rundt 3 kg melk per 100 kg kroppsvekt. Dette betyr at en hoppe på 500 kg vil produsere opp til 15 kg melk per dag. Dette krever selvfølgelig at hoppa får tilført ekstra næringsstoffer. Energibehovet har nå økt til 200% av vedlikeholdsbehovet, mens behovene for protein, kalsium og fosfor har økt til nesten 300% av vedlikeholdsbehovet.<br />Hoppa vil komme i sin første brunst ca 9 dager etter følling, og i sin andre brunst ca 30 dager etter følling. For hopper som skal bedekkes igjen er det viktig at de er i næringsmessig balanse etter følling. Det er spesielt viktig at hoppen ikke går ned i vekt i denne perioden da det vil kunne ha negativ innvirkning på fruktbarheten.</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/april15-2.jpg\" alt=\"april15 2\" width=\"600\" height=\"440\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Rasjonen</strong><br />Høgdrektige hopper og hopper i tidlig laktasjon bør få grovfôr av god hygienisk og næringsmessig kvalitet. Det er derfor viktig å ha grovfôret analysert for i hvert fall energi, protein, kalsium og fosfor.<br />For at hoppa skal ha god appetitt gjennom siste del av drektigheten og i tida etter følling bør vi helst bruke de samme fôrtypene før følling som de vi vil bruke etter følling. Det beste er derfor å velge en kraftfôrblanding som passer til både drektige og lakterende hopper.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />I PC-Horse programmet vil næringsbehovene til avlshoppene automatisk endres ettersom drektigheten skrider fram. Programmet vet når hoppa ble bedekket (bedekkingsdatoen har du alt lagt inn) og hvilken dato det er i dag. Dermed kan programmet beregne hoppa sitt næringsbehov ut fra dagens dato hver gang du starter programmet. Du kan hele tiden følge med endringene i hoppas næringsbehov. Vårt råd er at du kontrollerer hoppa sitt hold, næringsbehov og fôrrasjon ukentlig i siste del av drektighetstida.<br />Etter følling skriver du inn føllingsdatoen i PC-Horse. Da kan programmet beregne hoppa sitt endrede næringsbehov ut fra data om kroppsvekt og en normal laktasjonskurve (melkekurve).</p>\r\n<p><strong><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/april15-3.jpg\" alt=\"april15 3\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" />På beite</strong><br />Når hopper og føll blir sluppet på beite for sommeren må vi stole på at beitene dekker næringsbehovene til hopper og føll. I beitetida bør hestene ha tilgang til mineralisert saltstein. Ettersom vekst og tilgang på beitegras kan variere betydelig i løpet av sommeren må vi følge jevnlig med både hopper og føll. Dersom hestene begynner å bli tynne må vi gi ekstra tilskudd av fôr eller flytte dem til nye beiter. Et program for parasittbekjempelse skal være på plass før hestene slippes på beite.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:vil-du-kommentere-var-manedsartikkel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:vil-du-kommentere-var-manedsartikkel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-05-01 00:05:50',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-03-31 15:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',13,275,'','',1,1558,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO','');
INSERT INTO `pjtfu_content` VALUES (3873,4584,'April 2015 - Utfodring av avelssto under sista dräktighetstiden och tidig digivning','april2015-sv','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><strong>När stoet är inne i sista delen av dräktighetsperioden ökar näringsbehovet betydligt. Fostret växer nu mycket fram till fölningen och Du måste följa med i fodringen. efter fölningen ökar näringsbehovet ytterligare då det dessutom ska producera mjölk till fölet. Se till att noga följa stoets hull. Hon kan snabbt bli för tunn om du inte följer med ordentligt med rätt utfodring.<br /><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/april15_1.jpg\" alt=\"april15 1\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" />&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><strong>Dräktighetens sista månad</strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">Under den sista månaden lägger fostret på sig 30% av sin födelsevikt. Det medför naturligtvis att stoets näringsbehov är avsevärt större än normalt. Om inte stoet ska behöva ta av sina egna kroppsreserver (bli tunnare) så måste det ökade behovet kompenseras med en uppjustering av dagsransonen.<br />Genom att läsa av tabeller över dräktiga stons näringsbehov kan du se att ston i sista dräktighetsmånaden har ett energibehov som är 133% av underhållsbehovet. På samma sätt har proteinbehovet ökat till 180% av underhållsbehovet. Behovet av kalcium och fosfor har ökat till ca 200% - dvs fördubblats.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/april15-2.jpg\" alt=\"april15 2\" width=\"600\" height=\"440\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Tidlig digivning</strong></p>\r\n<p>Under den första månaden efter fölningen ökar stoet sin mjölkproduktion gradvis upp till 3 kg mjölk per 100 kg kroppsvikt. Således producerar ett sto på 500 kg ända upp till 15 kg mjölk per dag. Det kräver självklart att stoet måste tillföras extra näringsämnen som stöd. Energibehovet har nu ökat till 200% av underhållsbehovet, medan protein, kalcium och fosfor-behoven har gått upp till nästan 300% av underhållsbehovet.</p>\r\n<p>Stoet kommer i sin första brunst ca 9 dagar efter fölning, och sin andra brunst efter ca 30 dagar. För ston som ska betäckas igen är det viktigt att de är i näringsmässig balans efter fölningen. Speciellt viktigt är det att stoet inte går ner i vikt under denna period eftersom detta kan få negativ påverkan på fruktsamheten.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Ransonen</strong><br />Högdräktiga ston och ston som är i tidig mjölkproduktion bör ges grovfoder av hög hygienisk och näringsmässig kvalitet. Därför ska fodret vara analyserat och åtminstone kunna redovisa värden för energi, protein, kalcium och fosfor.<br />För att stoet ska ha god aptit under den sista delen av dräktigheten, och tiden direkt efter fölningen, bör hon ges samma fodertyper före fölningen som efter. Det kan då vara lämpligt att använda en kraftfoderblandning som passar för både dräktiga och digivande ston.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />I PC-Horse programmet ändras värdena för stoet automatiskt allteftersom dräktigheten framskrider (dag för dag). Programmet vet när stoet betäcktes (betäckningsdatum som du lagt in tidigare) och vilket datum det är idag. Därmed kan programmet beräkna stoets näringsbehov vid varje given dag - varje gång du startar programmet. Du kan hela tiden följa med i utfodringen i linje med stoets näringsbehov. Vårt råd är att du kontrollerar stoets hull, näringsbehov och dagsranson åtminstone varje vecka under den sista dräktighetstiden.<br />Efter fölning skriver du in fölningsdatum i programmet, varvid PC-Horse ändrar beräkningsfaktorerna till att gälla för stoet utefter en normal \"laktationskurva\".</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/april15-3.jpg\" alt=\"april15 3\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>På bete</strong><br />När stoet så småningom släpps på bete inför sommaren får vi lita på att betesgräset täcker näringsbehoven för stoet och fölet. I betestider bör hästarna ges tillgång till mineraliserad saltsten. Eftersom tillväxten och tillgången på betesgräs kan variera högst betydligt under sommaren måste man även nu följa med utvecklingen hos sina ston och föl. Börjar hästarna tunna ut måste man ge extra tillskott av foder, eller flytta dem till andra, bättre beten. Ett program för parasitbekämpning bör också ha satts in innan hästarna släpps på det nya betet.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-05-05 16:40:23',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-03-31 15:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',22,267,'','',1,1766,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(3874,4585,'April 2015 - Fodring af avlshoppen i sidste del af drægtighedstiden og i tidlig laktation','april2015-dk','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:vil-du-kommentere-vores-manedsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vil du kommentere vores månedsartikel?</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><strong>Nu hvor hopperne er inde i den sidste del af drægtighedstiden øges næringsbehovet betragteligt. Fosteret vokser meget frem til foling og fodringen skal tilpases herefter. Efter foling øges hopperne næringsbehov yderligere siden de nu skal til at producere mælk til føllet. Dette betyder at det er vigtigt at du følger avlshoppernes huld og justerer fodringen, hvis hopperne bliver for tynde.<br /><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/april15_1.jpg\" alt=\"april15 1\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" />&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>Sidste måned af drægtighedstiden</strong><br />I sidste måned af drægtighedstiden øges fosterets vægt med ca 30% i forhold til fødselsvægten. Dette betyder at næringsbehovet til hoppen øges betragteligt . Eftersom hoppen ikke skal tære på sine egne kroppsreserver (blive tyndere) må vi dække det øgede næringsbehov ved justering af foderrationen .<br />Ud fra tabeller over næringsbehov for drægtige hopper ser vi, at hopper som er i sidste drægtighedsmåned har et energibehov som er 133% i forhold til vedligeholdsbehovet. På samme måde er proteinbehovet nu øget til 180% af vedligeholdsbehovet. Behovene for calsium og fosfor er øget til ca 200% .</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/april15-2.jpg\" alt=\"april15 2\" width=\"600\" height=\"440\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Tidlig laktation<br /></strong>Første måned efter folling øges hoppens mælkeproduktion gradvis op til ca. 3 kg mælk pr 100 kg kropsvægt. Dette betyder at en hoppe på 500 kg vil producere op til 15 kg mælk pr dag. Dette kræver selvfølgelig, at hoppen får tilført ekstra næringsstoffer. Energibehovet er nu øget til 200% af vedligeholdsbehovet, mens behovet for protein, calsium og fosfor nu er øget til næsten 300% af vedligeholdsbehovet.</p>\r\n<p>Hoppen vil komme i sin første brunst ca 9 dager etter folling, og i sin anden brunst ca 30 dager efter folling. For hopper som skal bedækkes igen er det vigtigt, at de er i næringsmæssig balance etter folling. Det er specielt vigtigt at hoppen ikke går ned i vægt i denne periode, da det vil kunne have negativ indvirkning på frugtbarheden.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Rationen<br /></strong>Højdrægtige hopper og hopper i tidlig laktation bør få grovfoder af god hygienisk og næringsmæssig kvalitet. Det er derfor vigtigt at få grovfoderet analysert for i hvert fald energi, protein, calsium og fosfor.</p>\r\n<p>For at hoppa skal have god appetitt gennom den sidte del af drægtigheden og i tiden efter folling skal vi helst anvende de samme fodertyper før folling som det vi vil bruger efter folling. Det bedste er derfor, at vælge en kraftfoderblanding som passer til både drægtige og lakterende hopper.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>I PC-Horse programmet vil næringsbehovene til avlshopperne automatisk ændres eftersom drægtigheden skrider frem. Programmet ved hvornår hoppen blev bedækket (bedækningsdatoen har du allerede lagt ind) og hvilken dato det er i dag. Dermed kan programmet beregne hoppens næringsbehov ud fra den aktuelle dato hver gang du starter programmet. Du kan hele tiden følge med i ændringene i hoppens næringsbehov. Vores råd er at du kontrollerer hoppens huld ugentligt i, i denne periode.</p>\r\n<p>Efter folling skriver du follingsdatoen ind i PC-Horse. Så kan programmet beregne hoppens ændrede næringsbehov ud fra data om kropsvægt og en normal laktationsonskurve (mælkekurve).</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/april15-3.jpg\" alt=\"april15 3\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>På græs</strong></p>\r\n<p>Når hopperog føl bliver lukket på græs for sommeren må vi regne med at græsset dækker næringsbehovene til hopper og føl. I græsperioden bør hestene have tilgang til mineralblanding og saltsten. Ettersom vækst og tilgang på græs kan variere betydeligt i løbet af sommeren må vi løbende følge både hopper og føl. Hvis hestene begynder at&nbsp; blive tynde må vi give ekstra tilskud af foder eller flytte dem til nye græsmarker.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:vil-du-kommentere-vores-manedsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vil du kommentere vores månedsartikel?</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-05-01 00:04:42',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-03-31 15:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,224,'','',1,1585,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(3875,4586,'April 2015 - Feeding the brood mare in late gestation and early lactation','april2015-eng','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Comment this article here</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><strong>Now that the mare is in the latter part of gestation the nutritional requirements increases significantly. The fetus is now growing more and more rapidly as the time of foaling approaches and you must respond and follow this up with appropriate feeding. After foaling, the requirements increase even more as the mare starts to produce milk. This means that it is important to pay close attention to the bodyweight and condition of the brood mare. It can grow thin very quickly if appropriate action is not taken now.<br /><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/april15_1.jpg\" alt=\"april15 1\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><br /><strong>The last month of gestation</strong><br />In the last month of gestation the fetus puts on about 30% of its birth weight. This means that the nutrient requirements of the mare increases markedly. If the mare is not to take from her body reserves (grow thinner), the increased nutrient requirements have to be covered through adjustments of the ration.<br />According to tables of nutrient requirements for pregnant mares, in the last month of gestation the requirement for energy has increased to 133% of the maintenance requirement. In the same way, the protein requirement has increased to 180%. Requirements for calcium and phosphorus also increases to about 200% (two times maintenance requirements).</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/april15-2.jpg\" alt=\"april15 2\" width=\"600\" height=\"440\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Early lactation</strong><br />In the first month of lactation milk production gradually increases up to about 3 kg milk per 100 kg body weight of the mare. This means that a 500 kg mare will produce up to 15 kg milk per day. This will of course require extra supply of nutrients to the mare. Energy requirement has increased to 200% of maintenance, while requirements for protein, calcium and phosphorus has increased almost 300%.<br />The mare will come into her first oestrus about 9 days after foaling, and second oestrus about 30 days after foaling. It is very important for mares that are going to be covered again that they are in a nutritional balance after foaling. It is especially important that the mare do not loose weight at this time as this can have a negative influence on fertility.</p>\r\n<p><strong>The ration</strong><br />Mares in late gestation and early lactation should be given hay or haylage of high hygienic and nutritional quality. It is therefore important to have the roughage analysed at least for energy, protein, calcium and phosphorus.<br />To maintain good appetite throughout parturition and on into lactation, the mare should be eating the diet you expect to use after foaling. This means that you must use a feed mixture that is specifically designed for pregnant and lactating mares.<br /><br /><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />In the PC-Horse program, the nutritional requirements of the brood mare automatically change as the pregnancy proceeds. The program knows when the mare became pregnant (you already added the date of conception) and also knows the current date (taken from your PC every time the program is opened and run). Thus the nutritional needs of the mare are calculated on a day-by-day, week-by-week basis. You should therefore check the brood mare\'s ration and body condition weekly during this last period of gestation.<br />After foaling, you enter the foaling date into PC-Horse, and the program will calculate the mare\'s nutritional requirements from data of body weight and a normal lactation curve.</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/april15-3.jpg\" alt=\"april15 3\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>On pasture<br /></strong>When mares and foals are let out on pastures for the summer, we have to rely on the pasture vegetation to cover the nutritional needs of the mare and foal. In this period it can be wise to let the horses have access to a mineralised salt lick. As the growth and availability of pasture vegetation varies throughout the summer, we have to closely follow the horses to avoid them from getting thin. Additional feed or new pastures will have to be provided if necessary. A deworming program should be in place before the pasture season starts.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Comment this article here</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-03-16 14:54:10',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-03-31 15:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,200,'','',1,1763,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(3876,4587,'Avril 2015 - Alimentation de la poulinière en fin de gestation et début de lactation','april2015-fr','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3888:aimeriez-vous-faire-des-commentaires-sur-notre-article&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=fr-FR\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Se il vous plaît</span> <span class=\"hps\">commenter cet article</span></span></a></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: justify;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Alors que</span> <span class=\"hps\">la jument</span> <span class=\"hps\">est</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans la dernière partie</span> <span class=\"hps\">de la gestation</span> <span class=\"hps\">les besoins nutritionnels</span> <span class=\"hps\">augmentent</span> <span class=\"hps\">de manière significative.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Le fœtus</span> <span class=\"hps\">se développe maintenant</span> <span class=\"hps\">de plus en</span> <span class=\"hps\">plus rapidement</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'autant que le poulinage</span><span class=\"hps\"> approche</span><span class=\"hps\"> :</span><span class=\"hps\"> vous devez</span> <span class=\"hps\">réagir et</span> <span class=\"hps\">proposer</span> <span class=\"hps\">une alimentation appropriée</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Après</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">le poulinage</span>, <span class=\"hps\">les</span> <span class=\"hps\">exigences</span> <span class=\"hps\">augmentent</span> <span class=\"hps\">encore plus alors</span> <span class=\"hps\">la jument</span> <span class=\"hps\">commence à</span> <span class=\"hps\">produire du lait</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Cela signifie qu\'il</span> <span class=\"hps\">est important d\'accorder</span> <span class=\"hps\">une attention particulière au</span> <span class=\"hps\">poids corporel</span> <span class=\"hps\">et à l\'état</span> <span class=\"hps\">de la</span> <span class=\"hps\">poulinière</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Elle peut</span> <span class=\"hps\">maigrir</span> <span class=\"hps\">très rapidement</span> <span class=\"hps\">si des mesures appropriées</span> <span class=\"hps\">ne sont pas prises</span> <span class=\"hps\">maintenant</span>.</span><br /><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/april15_1.jpg\" alt=\"april15 1\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><br /><strong>Le dernier mois de gestation</strong><br /><br /></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Au cours du dernier</span> <span class=\"hps\">mois de gestation</span> <span class=\"hps\">le fœtus</span> <span class=\"hps\">prend</span> <span class=\"hps\">environ 30</span><span>% de son poids</span> <span class=\"hps\">de naissance</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Cela signifie que les</span> <span class=\"hps\">besoins nutritionnels</span> <span class=\"hps\">de</span> <span class=\"hps\">la jument</span> <span class=\"hps\">augmentent</span> <span class=\"hps\">nettement</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Si</span> l\'on ne veut pas que <span class=\"hps\">la jument</span> <span class=\"hps\">prenne</span> sur<span class=\"hps\"> ses</span> <span class=\"hps\">réserves corporelles</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(et </span><span>maigrisse</span><span>)</span>, <span class=\"hps\">les</span> <span class=\"hps\">besoins nutritionnels</span> <span class=\"hps\">accrus</span> <span class=\"hps\">doivent être couverts</span> <span class=\"hps\">par des ajustements</span> <span class=\"hps\">de</span> <span class=\"hps\">la ration</span>.<br /> <span class=\"hps\">Selon</span> les <span class=\"hps\">tables</span> <span class=\"hps\">de</span> <span class=\"hps\">besoins en éléments nutritifs</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour les juments</span> <span class=\"hps\">gestantes</span>, <span class=\"hps\">dans le dernier</span> <span class=\"hps\">mois</span> <span class=\"hps\">de la gestation</span> <span class=\"hps\">le besoin en </span><span class=\"hps\">énergie</span> <span class=\"hps\">est augmenté</span> <span class=\"hps\">de</span> <span class=\"hps\">33</span><span>% par rapport aux besoins</span> <span class=\"hps\">de maintenance</span>. <span class=\"hps\">De la même manière</span>, <span class=\"hps\">les besoins en protéines</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont augmentés</span> <span class=\"hps\">de</span> <span class=\"hps\">80</span><span>%.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Ceux pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">le calcium et le</span> <span class=\"hps\">phosphore</span> <span class=\"hps\">augmentent aussi</span> d\'<span class=\"hps\">environ 100%</span> <span class=\"hps\">(soit deux</span> <span class=\"hps\">fois</span> <span class=\"hps\">les exigences</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'entretien).</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/april15-2.jpg\" alt=\"april15 2\" width=\"600\" height=\"440\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Début de la lactation</strong><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><br /> <span class=\"hps\">Dans le premier</span> <span class=\"hps\">mois</span> <span class=\"hps\">de</span> lactation, la <span class=\"hps\">production de lait </span><span class=\"hps\">augmente progressivement</span> <span class=\"hps\">jusqu\'à environ 3</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg de lait</span> <span class=\"hps\">par 100</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg de poids corporel</span> <span class=\"hps\">de</span> <span class=\"hps\">la jument.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Cela signifie qu\'une jument de</span> <span class=\"hps\">500 kg</span> <span class=\"hps\">va produire</span> <span class=\"hps\">jusqu\'à 15</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg de lait par</span> <span class=\"hps\">jour</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Cette production va bien sûr nécessiter la fourniture de</span> <span class=\"hps\">nutriments</span> <span class=\"hps\">supplémentaires <span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">à la jument</span></span></span></span></span>. <span class=\"hps\">Le besoin en énergie</span> <span class=\"hps\">a doublé par rapport à celui</span><span> de l\'entretien</span>, <span class=\"hps\">alors que les besoins</span> <span class=\"hps\">en protéines</span><span>, calcium et phosphore</span> <span class=\"hps\">ont</span> <span class=\"hps\">presque triplé</span>.<br /> <span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\">Les </span><span class=\"hps\">premières</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">chaleurs</span> de la jument arriveront <span class=\"hps\">environ 9</span> <span class=\"hps\">jours après</span> <span class=\"hps\">le poulinage</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> les <span class=\"hps\">secondes</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">chaleurs</span> <span class=\"hps\">environ 30 jours après</span> <span class=\"hps\">la mise bas.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Il est très important</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour les juments</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui vont</span> <span class=\"hps\">être </span><span class=\"hps\">à nouveau</span> saillies <span class=\"hps\">de se maintenir</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans un</span> <span class=\"hps\">équilibre nutritionnel</span> <span class=\"hps\">après</span> <span class=\"hps\">le poulinage</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Il est particulièrement important</span> <span class=\"hps\">que la jument</span> <span class=\"hps\">ne</span> <span class=\"hps\">perde</span> pas <span class=\"hps\">de poids</span> <span class=\"hps\">à ce moment : </span><span>cela peut</span> <span class=\"hps\">avoir une influence négative</span> <span class=\"hps\">sur la fertilité</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>La ration</strong><br />Les juments en fin de gestation et début de lactation devraient recevoir du foin ou de l\'enrubanné de haute qualité nutritionnelle et sanitaire. Il est donc important d\'avoir un fourrage analysé au moins pour l\'énergie, les protéines, le calcium et le phosphore.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pour maintenir un bon appétit pendant la mise bas et la lactation, la jument devrait recevoir l\'alimentation que vous pensez utiliser après le poulinage. Cela signifie que vous devez utiliser un aliment mélangé spécialement conçu pour les juments gestantes et allaitantes.</p>\r\n<p><br /><strong>PC-Horse</strong></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Dans le programme</span> <span class=\"hps\">PC</span><span class=\"atn\">-</span><span>Horse,</span> <span class=\"hps\">les</span> <span class=\"hps\">besoins nutritionnels</span> <span class=\"hps\">de la</span> <span class=\"hps\">poulinière</span> <span class=\"hps\">changent automatiquement</span> <span class=\"hps\">pendant le déroulement de</span> <span class=\"hps\">la gestation</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Le programme</span> <span class=\"hps\">sait quand</span> <span class=\"hps\">la jument</span> <span class=\"hps\">est devenue gestante</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span><span>vous avez déjà ajouté</span> <span class=\"hps\">la date de conception</span><span>) et</span> <span class=\"hps\">sait aussi</span> <span class=\"hps\">la date du jour</span> <span class=\"hps\">(prise</span> <span class=\"hps\">à partir de votre</span> <span class=\"hps\">PC</span> <span class=\"hps\">chaque fois que</span> <span class=\"hps\">le programme est ouvert</span> <span class=\"hps\">et exécuté)</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Ainsi, les</span> <span class=\"hps\">besoins nutritionnels</span> <span class=\"hps\">de</span> <span class=\"hps\">la jument</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont calculés</span><span class=\"hps\"> jour par</span> <span class=\"hps\">jour,</span>&nbsp;<span class=\"hps\"> semaine par</span> <span class=\"hps\">semaine</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Vous</span> <span class=\"hps\">devrez donc vérifier</span> <span class=\"hps\">la ration</span> de la jument <span class=\"hps\">et son</span> <span class=\"hps\">état corporel</span> <span class=\"hps atn\"></span><span>hebdomadairement </span><span class=\"hps\">au cours de cette</span> <span class=\"hps\">dernière période de</span> <span class=\"hps\">gestation.</span><br /> <span class=\"hps\">Après</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">le poulinage</span><span>,</span> <span class=\"hps\">vous entrez</span> <span class=\"hps\">la date</span> <span class=\"hps\">du poulinage</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">PC</span>-Horse, <span class=\"hps\">et le programme </span><span class=\"hps\">calculera les besoins</span> <span class=\"hps\">nutritionnels</span> <span class=\"hps\">de la jument</span> <span class=\"hps\">à partir de données</span> <span class=\"hps\">de poids corporel</span> <span class=\"hps\">et une courbe</span> <span class=\"hps\">de lactation</span> <span class=\"hps\">normale</span>.<br /></span><br /><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/april15-3.jpg\" alt=\"april15 3\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Au pré<br /></strong>Quand les juments et les poulains sont laissés au pré pour l\'été, nous devons compter sur la végétation des pâturages pour couvrir les besoins nutritionnels de la jument et son poulain. Au cours de cette période, il peut être sage de mettre à disposition des chevaux un bloc de sel minéralisé. Comme la croissance et la disponibilité de la végétation des prairies varient tout au long de l\'été, nous devons suivre de près les chevaux pour éviter de les voir maigrir. Un aliment complémentaire ou de nouveaux pâturages devront être fournis si nécessaire. Un programme de déparasitage doit être mis en place avant que la saison de pâturage commence.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3888:aimeriez-vous-faire-des-commentaires-sur-notre-article&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=fr-FR\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Se il vous plaît</span> <span class=\"hps\">commenter cet article</span></span></a></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>Cet article a été écrit par le Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norvège 2015</em><br /> <em>N\'hésitez pas à utiliser et publier cet article. Merci d\'indiquer la source et l\'auteur.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-05-01 00:05:17',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-03-31 15:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,177,'','',1,1754,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3877,4588,'April 2015 - Feeding the brood mare in late gestation and early lactation','april2015-de','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><strong>Now that the mare is in the latter part of gestation the nutritional requirements increases significantly. The fetus is now growing more and more rapidly as the time of foaling approaches and you must respond and follow this up with appropriate feeding. After foaling, the requirements increase even more as the mare starts to produce milk. This means that it is important to pay close attention to the bodyweight and condition of the brood mare. It can grow thin very quickly if appropriate action is not taken now.<br /><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/april15_1.jpg\" alt=\"april15 1\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><br /><strong>The last month of gestation</strong><br />In the last month of gestation the fetus puts on about 30% of its birth weight. This means that the nutrient requirements of the mare increases markedly. If the mare is not to take from her body reserves (grow thinner), the increased nutrient requirements have to be covered through adjustments of the ration.<br />According to tables of nutrient requirements for pregnant mares, in the last month of gestation the requirement for energy has increased to 133% of the maintenance requirement. In the same way, the protein requirement has increased to 180%. Requirements for calcium and phosphorus also increases to about 200% (two times maintenance requirements).</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/april15-2.jpg\" alt=\"april15 2\" width=\"600\" height=\"440\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Early lactation</strong><br />In the first month of lactation milk production gradually increases up to about 3 kg milk per 100 kg body weight of the mare. This means that a 500 kg mare will produce up to 15 kg milk per day. This will of course require extra supply of nutrients to the mare. Energy requirement has increased to 200% of maintenance, while requirements for protein, calcium and phosphorus has increased almost 300%.<br />The mare will come into her first oestrus about 9 days after foaling, and second oestrus about 30 days after foaling. It is very important for mares that are going to be covered again that they are in a nutritional balance after foaling. It is especially important that the mare do not loose weight at this time as this can have a negative influence on fertility.</p>\r\n<p><strong>The ration</strong><br />Mares in late gestation and early lactation should be given hay or haylage of high hygienic and nutritional quality. It is therefore important to have the roughage analysed at least for energy, protein, calcium and phosphorus.<br />To maintain good appetite throughout parturition and on into lactation, the mare should be eating the diet you expect to use after foaling. This means that you must use a feed mixture that is specifically designed for pregnant and lactating mares.<br /><br /><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />In the PC-Horse program, the nutritional requirements of the brood mare automatically change as the pregnancy proceeds. The program knows when the mare became pregnant (you already added the date of conception) and also knows the current date (taken from your PC every time the program is opened and run). Thus the nutritional needs of the mare are calculated on a day-by-day, week-by-week basis. You should therefore check the brood mare\'s ration and body condition weekly during this last period of gestation.<br />After foaling, you enter the foaling date into PC-Horse, and the program will calculate the mare\'s nutritional requirements from data of body weight and a normal lactation curve.</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/april15-3.jpg\" alt=\"april15 3\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>On pasture<br /></strong>When mares and foals are let out on pastures for the summer, we have to rely on the pasture vegetation to cover the nutritional needs of the mare and foal. In this period it can be wise to let the horses have access to a mineralised salt lick. As the growth and availability of pasture vegetation varies throughout the summer, we have to closely follow the horses to avoid them from getting thin. Additional feed or new pastures will have to be provided if necessary. A deworming program should be in place before the pasture season starts.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-05-01 00:04:24',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-03-31 15:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,165,'','',1,1725,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3878,4589,'April 2015 - Feeding the brood mare in late gestation and early lactation','april2015-nl','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><strong>Now that the mare is in the latter part of gestation the nutritional requirements increases significantly. The fetus is now growing more and more rapidly as the time of foaling approaches and you must respond and follow this up with appropriate feeding. After foaling, the requirements increase even more as the mare starts to produce milk. This means that it is important to pay close attention to the bodyweight and condition of the brood mare. It can grow thin very quickly if appropriate action is not taken now.<br /><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/april15_1.jpg\" alt=\"april15 1\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><br /><strong>The last month of gestation</strong><br />In the last month of gestation the fetus puts on about 30% of its birth weight. This means that the nutrient requirements of the mare increases markedly. If the mare is not to take from her body reserves (grow thinner), the increased nutrient requirements have to be covered through adjustments of the ration.<br />According to tables of nutrient requirements for pregnant mares, in the last month of gestation the requirement for energy has increased to 133% of the maintenance requirement. In the same way, the protein requirement has increased to 180%. Requirements for calcium and phosphorus also increases to about 200% (two times maintenance requirements).</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/april15-2.jpg\" alt=\"april15 2\" width=\"600\" height=\"440\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Early lactation</strong><br />In the first month of lactation milk production gradually increases up to about 3 kg milk per 100 kg body weight of the mare. This means that a 500 kg mare will produce up to 15 kg milk per day. This will of course require extra supply of nutrients to the mare. Energy requirement has increased to 200% of maintenance, while requirements for protein, calcium and phosphorus has increased almost 300%.<br />The mare will come into her first oestrus about 9 days after foaling, and second oestrus about 30 days after foaling. It is very important for mares that are going to be covered again that they are in a nutritional balance after foaling. It is especially important that the mare do not loose weight at this time as this can have a negative influence on fertility.</p>\r\n<p><strong>The ration</strong><br />Mares in late gestation and early lactation should be given hay or haylage of high hygienic and nutritional quality. It is therefore important to have the roughage analysed at least for energy, protein, calcium and phosphorus.<br />To maintain good appetite throughout parturition and on into lactation, the mare should be eating the diet you expect to use after foaling. This means that you must use a feed mixture that is specifically designed for pregnant and lactating mares.<br /><br /><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />In the PC-Horse program, the nutritional requirements of the brood mare automatically change as the pregnancy proceeds. The program knows when the mare became pregnant (you already added the date of conception) and also knows the current date (taken from your PC every time the program is opened and run). Thus the nutritional needs of the mare are calculated on a day-by-day, week-by-week basis. You should therefore check the brood mare\'s ration and body condition weekly during this last period of gestation.<br />After foaling, you enter the foaling date into PC-Horse, and the program will calculate the mare\'s nutritional requirements from data of body weight and a normal lactation curve.</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/april15-3.jpg\" alt=\"april15 3\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>On pasture<br /></strong>When mares and foals are let out on pastures for the summer, we have to rely on the pasture vegetation to cover the nutritional needs of the mare and foal. In this period it can be wise to let the horses have access to a mineralised salt lick. As the growth and availability of pasture vegetation varies throughout the summer, we have to closely follow the horses to avoid them from getting thin. Additional feed or new pastures will have to be provided if necessary. A deworming program should be in place before the pasture season starts.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-05-01 00:04:00',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-03-31 15:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,157,'','',1,1511,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(3879,4591,'Vill Du kommentera vår månadsartikel?','poll-se','<p>Tack för att du har läst och uppmärksammat vår artikel. Det är vår ambition att ständigt förbättra innehållet i dessa och göra det relevant för våra läsare. Om Du har synpunkter tar vi tacksamt emot dem.</p>\r\n<p>[sexypolling id=\"1\"]</p>\r\n<p>Gav artikeln Dig svar på frågeställningar du har?<br />Saknade du någon information i artikeln?<br />Har du förslag på andra ämnen av intresse för Dig?</p>\r\n<p><a href=\"mailto:dag.austbo@nmbu.no\">Klicka här för att sända ett mail till oss.</a></p>\r\n<p>Tack för Din medverkan!</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/Dag%20A.jpg\" alt=\"Dag A\" width=\"88\" height=\"119\" />&nbsp; Dag Austbø</p>','',1,619,'2015-04-17 12:43:43',10,'','2015-05-06 10:04:32',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-04-17 12:43:43','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',25,5,'','',1,10288,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(3880,4596,'Vil du kommentere vår månedsartikkel?','poll-nb','<p>Takk for at du har lest vår månedsartikkel. Det er vårt mål å forbedre innholdet i disse artiklene for å gjøre dette mest mulig relevant for våre lesere. Dersom du har synspunkter er vi takknemlige for å høre fra deg.</p>\r\n<p>[sexypolling id=\"2\"]</p>\r\n<p>Gav artikkelen deg svar på spørsmål du har? <br />Savnet du informasjon du mener er viktig i artikkelen? <br />Har du forslag til andre emner som er av interesse for deg?</p>\r\n<p><a href=\"mailto:dag.austbo@nmbu.no\">Klikk her for å sende en E-post til oss.</a></p>\r\n<p>Takk for ditt bidrag!</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/Dag%20A.jpg\" alt=\"Dag A\" height=\"119\" width=\"88\" />&nbsp; Dag Austbø</p>','',1,619,'2015-04-17 12:43:43',10,'','2015-05-06 09:58:20',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-04-17 12:43:43','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',10,4,'','',1,6089,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(3881,4597,'Vil du kommentere vores månedsartikel?','poll-dk','<p>Tak for at du har læst vores månedsartikel. Det er vores mål at forbedre indholdet i disse artikler for at gøre dette mest mulig relevant for vore læsere. Hvis du har synspunkter er vi taknemlige for at høre fra dig.</p>\r\n<p>[sexypolling id=\"3\"]</p>\r\n<p>Gav artiklen svar på spørgsmål som du har? <br />Savner du information du mener, er vigtig i artiklen? <br />Har du forslag til andre emner som er af interesse?</p>\r\n<p><a href=\"mailto:dag.austbo@nmbu.no\">Klik her for at sende en E-post til os.</a></p>\r\n<p>Tak for dit bidrag!</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/Dag%20A.jpg\" alt=\"Dag A\" height=\"119\" width=\"88\" />&nbsp; Dag Austbø</p>','',1,619,'2015-04-17 12:43:43',10,'','2015-05-06 09:57:59',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-04-17 12:43:43','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,3,'','',1,5864,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(3882,4598,'Mai 2015 - Tilgjengeligheten av mineraler i hestens fôr','may2015-nb','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p><strong>I grovfôr og korn finnes mineralene organisk bundet i plantens celler og strukturer. Kraftfôrblandinger blir tilsatt ekstra mineraler under produksjonen. Mineral premikser som brukes i fôrindustrien kan ha mineralene bundet til organiske molekyler (kalles da ofte chelatert), eller som finmalt mineralstein (kalles da uorganisk). For enkelte mineraler, f.eks selen, vil organisk form bli lettere absorbert. For andre mineraler er det mer usikkert hvilken form som absorberes best.</strong></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/chelatedminerals.jpg\" alt=\"chelatedminerals\" width=\"531\" height=\"165\" /><br /><br />Mineraler som kalsium, sink, kobber, selen og flere, er viktige for mange av kroppens funksjoner, så som vekst, vedlikehold av kroppens celler, immunsystemet, fruktbarhet og reproduksjon, nervefunksjon og helse generelt. Mineral mangel kan føre til nedsatt prestasjon eller sykdom. Hesten får i seg mineraler fra fôret den spiser. Når vi gir ekstra mineraler gjennom kraftfôrblandinger eller mineraltilskudd så er disse mineralene oftest uorganiske salter. Men mineralene kan også være bundet til organiske molekyler som aminosyrer eller proteiner. Mineraler som er bundet til organiske molekyler kalles organiske eller chelaterte mineraler.<br /><br />I tarmkanalen blir mineralene hovedsakelig absorbert i øverste del av tynntarmen (duodenum). Her finnes flere spesifikke systemer som gjør det mulig å absorbere mineraler gjennom tarmveggen og til blodbanen. Tarminnholdet i duodenum inneholder fremdeles noe magesyre fra magesekken og de sure forholdene er med på å holde mineralene som frie ioner, dvs på den formen de fleste mineralene blir absorbert.</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/duodenum.jpg\" alt=\"duodenum\" /><br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br />Det er mye diskusjon om fordøyeligheten og bio-tilgjengeligheten av mineraler i rasjoner til hester. Dersom vi søker på internett etter «chelaterte mineraler til hester» får vi mange treff. De fleste er skrevet som ledd i markedsføring av produkt som inneholder chelaterte mineraler. Det blir ofte hevdet at de chelaterte mineralene i produktet tas opp av hesten på en langt bedre måte enn de uorganiske formene av samme mineral. Produkter med chelaterte mineraler er oftest dyrere enn tilsvarende produkter med uorganiske mineraler.</p>\r\n<p>Dersom vi går nærmere inn i faglitteraturen og studerer resultater fra forsøk med absorpsjon av uorganiske og chelaterte mineraler, blir bildet et annet. Den offisielle amerikanske normen for ernæring av hester (Nutrient requirements for horses, NRC 2007) kommenterer hvor godt mineralene absorberes med bakgrunn i de forsøksresultater som er publisert. Her går det fram at enkelte mineraler kan ha en litt bedre utnytting i chelatert form, mens andre chelaterte mineraler faktisk absorberes dårligere enn mineraler i uorganisk form. Hovedbudskapet i NRC 2007 er at det ikke er store forskjeller mellom uorganiske og chelaterte mineralers evne til å tilføre hesten de mineraler den trenger.</p>\r\n<p>Ved beregning av behovet for de enkelte mineralene tar NRC med i betraktningen hvor godt mineralet absorberes. For et mineral hvor 50% av fôrets innhold blir absorbert, settes hestens dagsbehov til det dobbelte av den mengden kroppen trenger å suge opp fra tarmkanalen. Vi kan derfor si at dersom vi holder oss til behovene beregnet etter NRC, så har vi også tatt hensyn til hvor godt de ulike mineralene absorberes av hesten.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse beregner behovene for mineraler til alle typer hester i henhold til NRC-normen, siden vi regner denne for å være den fremste i verden når det gjelder mineraler. Da vet vi også at utnyttingsgraden av de ulike mineralene er tatt med i beregningen, og at hestens behov skal være dekket, enten mineralet i fôret er tilsatt i uorganisk og i chelatert form.<br />Når det kommer mer vitenskapelig dokumentasjon om absorpsjon og utnyttelse av ulike kjemiske former av mineraler vil vi legge dette inn i beregningsapparatet i PC-Horse programmet slik at det alltid skal gi oppdatert informasjon og veiledning til brukerne.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-06-01 05:41:53',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-04-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',10,328,'','',1,2015,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(3883,4599,'Maj 2015 - Mineraler och hur de tas upp av hästen','may2015-sv','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3879:vill-du-kommentera-var-manadsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=sv-SE\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>I grovfoder och spannmål ligger mineralerna organiskt bundna i växtens celler och strukturer. I kraftfoderblandningar tillsätts extra mineraler vid tillverkningen. Mineral-premixer som används i foderindustrin kan ha mineralerna bundna till organiska molekyler (vilka kallas kelaterade), eller som finmalda mineraler (kallas då oorganiska). När det gäller enskilda mineraler, t.ex selén, blir den lättare absorberad i organisk form. För andra mineral är det mer osäkert vilken form som upptas bäst.<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/chelatedminerals.jpg\" alt=\"chelatedminerals\" /></p>\r\n<p>Mineraler som calsium, zink, koppar, selén och flera andra, är viktiga för många av hästens funktioner så som tillväxt, underhåll av kroppens celler, immunsystemet, fruktbarhet och reproduktion, nervernas verksamhet och hälsa i allmänhet. Mineralbrist kan leda till nedsatt prestationsförmåga eller sjukdom. Hästen får i sig mineraler via fodret som den äter. När vi ger extra mineraler via kraftfoder eller mineraltillskott så innehåller dessa som regel <em>oorganiska</em> salter. Men mineralerna kan också vara bundna till organiska molekyler av typen aminosyror eller proteiner. Dessa mineraler som är bundna till organiska molekyler kallas <em>organiska</em> eller <em>kelaterade </em>mineraler.</p>\r\n<p>I tarmkanalen blir mineralerna huvudsakligen upptagna i den översta delen av tunntarmen (duodenum). Här finns flera specifika system som gör det möjligt att absorbera mineraler genom tarmväggen till blodomloppet. Tarminnehållet i duodenum innehåller forfarande en del magsyra från magsäcken och den sura omgivningen bidrar till att bibehålla mineralerna som fria joner, dvs i den form som de flesta mineraler absorberas i.</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/duodenum.jpg\" alt=\"duodenum\" /></p>\r\n<p>Det föregår många diskussioner om smältbarheten och den biologiska tillgängligheten av mineraler när det gäller hästars dagsransoner. Söker man på internet efter \"kelaterade mineraler för hästar\" så blir det många träffar. De flesta artiklarna är skrivna i marknadsföringssyfte för produkter som innehåller kelaterade mineraler. Det hävdas ofta att dessa kelaterade mineraler i fodret tas upp på ett bättre och effektivare sätt än de oorganiska alternativen av samma mineral. Produkter med kelaterade mineraler är dessutom oftast dyrare än motsvarande produkter med oorganiska mineraler.</p>\r\n<p>Om vi emellertid går djupare in i facklitteraturen och studerar resultat från försök med absorbtion av oorganiska och kelaterade mineraler, blir bilden en annan. Den officiella amerikanska normen för utfodring av hästar (Nutrient requirements for horses, NRC 2007) kommenterar hur effektivt mineralerna absorberas baserat på de försöksresultat som publicerats. Här framgår det att enskilda mineraler kan ha en något bättre utnyttjandegrad i kelaterad form, medan andra kelaterade mineraler faktiskt absorberas sämre än mineraler i oorganisk form. <em>Huvudbudskapet i NRC 2007 är att det inte föreligger stora skillnader mellan oorganiska och kelaterade mineralers förmåga att ge hästen de mineraler den behöver.</em></p>\r\n<p>Vid beräkning av behovet för de olika mineralerna tar NRC med i bedömningen hur bra det enskilda mineralet absorberas. För ett mineral, där 50% av fodrets innehåll blir absorberat. sätts hästens dagsbehov till den dubbla mängden av vad kroppen förmår suga upp från tarmkanalen. Vi kan därför tryggt säga att om vi håller oss till behov som beräknas efter NRC, så har vi också tagit hänsyn till hur bra de olika mineralerna absorberas av hästen.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse beräknar således mineralbehoven för alla typer av hästar efter NRC-normen, eftersom vi anser denna vara den ledande normen i världen när det gäller mineraler. Därmed vet vi också att nyttjandegraden av de olika mineralerna har tagits med i beräkningen, och att hästens behov är täckta - oavsett om mineralerna i fodret är tillsatta i oorganisk eller kelaterad form.</p>\r\n<p>Om och när det publiceras mer vetenskapliga belägg om absorbtion och utnyttjande av olika kemiska former av mineraler kommer vi att lägga in detta våra beräkningsvariabler i PC-Horse så att det (som nu) alltid ska ge senast aktuella information och vägledning till programmets användare.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3879:feedback-pa-var-manadsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=sv-SE\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-06-01 05:42:17',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-04-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',17,293,'','',1,2301,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(3884,4600,'May 2015 - The availability of minerals in rations for horses','may2015-eng','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><strong>In forages and grains the minerals are incorporated organically into plant cells and structures. Most compound feeds have been fortified with extra minerals during production. The mineral premixes used in feed production may have their active minerals bound to organic molecules (often called chelated ), or come as finely ground rock minerals (often called inorganic minerals). For some minerals, like selenium, organic forms seems to be more easily absorbed, while there are less conclusive evidence on other minerals.<br /><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/chelatedminerals.jpg\" alt=\"chelatedminerals\" width=\"500\" height=\"156\" /><br /><br />Minerals like calcium, zinc, copper and selenium, among others, support body functions such as growth, tissue maintenance, immune responses, reproduction, nerve function and general health. Mineral deficiencies lead to disease or underperformance. Horses receive minerals through all parts of their diet. When we provide extra minerals in compound feeds or in mineral supplements, this is traditionally in the form of inorganic salts. Minerals can, however, also be bound to organic molecules, such as amino acids and proteins. Minerals bound to organic molecules are called organic or chelated minerals.<br /><br />In the intestinal tract, the minerals are mainly absorbed from the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). Here we find different specific systems transporting minerals ions through the gut wall and into the blood stream. The digesta in the duodenum retain some of the acidity from the stomach, which helps to maintain the minerals as free ions, i.e. the form in which most minerals are absorbed.<br /><br /></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><br /><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/duodenum.jpg\" alt=\"duodenum\" /><br />There is much discussion about the digestibility and bioavailability of different sources of minerals, meaning how efficiently they will be absorbed and thereafter utilised in the body.<br /><br />On the internet, a search for \"chelated minerals for horses\" produces many hits. Most articles are written as part of the marketing of products containing chelated minerals. It is often claimed that chelated minerals in a given product are taken up by the horse in a better way than what is the case with the inorganic forms. Products with chelated minerals are generally more expensive than similar products with inorganic minerals.<br /><br />The picture is somewhat different in literature reporting experiments comparing the absorption of inorganic and chelated minerals. The official American standard of nutrition of horses (Nutrient Requirements of Horses, NRC 2007) comments on how well minerals are absorbed on the basis of published results of digestibility trials. The findings are not always as clear as claimed in advertisements for chelated minerals. Indeed, some minerals have a somewhat better absorption in chelated than in inorganic form, others have a similar, or even lower absorption. The main message from the NRC 2007 publication appears to be that there are no major differences between inorganic and chelated minerals in respect to sustaining adequate minerals nutrition.<br /><br />When calculating the need for individual minerals, NRC takes into account how well the mineral is absorbed. For a mineral where 50% of the content of the feed is absorbed, NRC puts the horse\'s daily requirement to twice the amount which the body needs to absorb from the gut. Thus, when using mineral requirements as published by the NRC, PC-Horse also takes into account how well the different minerals in the total ration will be absorbed by the horse.<br /><br />Your PC-Horse program calculates the minerals needed by all types of horse according to NRC 2007 standards. In respect to minerals for horse nutrition, we consider these standards to be the best currently available.<br /><br />As more scientific evidence becomes available on the absorption and utilization of various chemical forms of minerals, we will incorporate it in the calculation engine of the PC-Horse program, enabling us to provide ever better nutritional advice to horse owners.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-03-16 14:54:10',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-04-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,292,'','',1,1506,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(3885,4601,'Mai 2015 – La disponibilité des minéraux dans les rations des chevaux','may2015-fr','<div style=\"text-align: right;\" dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3888:aimeriez-vous-faire-des-commentaires-sur-notre-article&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=fr-FR\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Vous pouvez</span> <span class=\"hps\">commenter cet article</span></span></a></strong></span></div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Dans les fourrages et les céréeales les minéraux sont intégrés organiquement dans les cellules et strutures végétales. La plupart des aliments composés sont enrichis avec des minéraux ajoutés pendant la production. Les mélanges de minéraux utilisés lors de la production d\'aliments peuvent avoir leurs minéraux actifs liés à des molécules organiques (souvent dits chélatés) ou des minéraux venant de roches finement moulues (souvent appelés minéraux inorganiques). Pour certains minéraux comme le sélénium, la forme chélatée semble la mieux absorbée, alors qu\'il y a moins de preuves concluantes pour les autres minéraux.</strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/chelatedminerals.jpg\" alt=\"chelatedminerals\" width=\"500\" height=\"156\" /><br /><br />Les minéraux comme le calcium, le zinc, le cuivre et le sélénium, entre autre, soutiennent les fonctions du corps telles que la croissance, l\'entretien des tissus, l\'immunité, la reproduction, la fonction nerveuse et la santé générale. Les carences en minéraux conduisent à la maladie ou à une moindre performance. Les chevaux reçoivent des minéraux de toutes les parties de leur régime alimentaire. Quand nous leur donnons des minéraux supplémentaires provenant des aliments composés ou des compléments de minéraux, ils sont traditionnellement sous la forme de sels inorganiques. Les minéraux peuvent, cependant, aussi être liés à des molécules organiques telles que des acides aminés et des protéines. Les minéraux liés à des molécules organiques sont appelés minéraux organiques ou chélatés.<br /><br />Dans le tractus intestinal, les minéraux sont principalement absorbés dans la première partie de l\'intestin grêle (duodénum). Ici nous trouvons différents systèmes spécifiques transportant les ions minéraux à travers la paroi intestinale et dans le flux sanguin. Le digesta dans le duodénum contient une partie de l\'acidité de l\'estomac, ce qui aide à maintenir les minéraux sous forme d\'ions, c\'est-à-dire la forme sous laquelle la plupart des minéraux sont absorbés.<br /><br /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/duodenum.jpg\" alt=\"duodenum\" /><br /><br />Il y a beaucoup de discussions autour de la digestibilité et la biodisponibilité des différentes sources de minéraux, ce qui signifie l\'efficacité avec laquelle ils seront absorbés et par la suite utilisés par le corps.<br />Sur internet, une recherche sur \"minéraux chélatés pour les chevaux\" produit de nombreuses réponses. La plupart des articles sont écrits dans le cadre du marketing des produits contenant des minéraux chélatés. Il est souvent affirmé que les minéraux chélatés dans un produit donné sont assimilés par le cheval d\'une meilleure façon qu\'avec les formes inorganiques. Les produits avec des minéraux chélatés sont généralement plus chers que les produits similaires avec des minéraux inorganiques.<br /><br />La situation est quelque peu différente dans la littérature rapportant les expériences comparant l\'absorption des minéraux inorganiques et chélatés. La norme américaine officielle de la nutrition du cheval (Besoins nutritionnels des Chevaux, NRC 2007) commente sur la manière dont les minéraux sont absorbés sur la base des résultats publiés d\'essais de digestibilité. Les résultats ne sont pas toujours aussi clairs que dans la publicité pour des minéraux chélatés. En effet, certains minéraux sont un peu mieux absorbés sous forme chélatée que inorganique, d\'autres ont une absorption similaire, ou même plus basse. Le message principal de la publication du NRC 2007 semble être qu\'il n\'y a pas de grandes différences entre les minéraux inorganiques et chélatés en ce qui concerne le maintien d\'une nutrition en minéraux adéquate.<br />Lors du calcul des besoins pour chaque minéral, le NRC prend en compte la façon dont il est absorbé. Pour un minéral où 50% de la teneur de l\'alimentation est absorbé, le NRC monte l\'exigence quotidienne du cheval à deux fois le montant dont le corps a besoin d\'absorber depuis l\'intestin. Ainsi, lorsque vous utilisez les besoins en minéraux tels que publiés par le NRC, PC-Horse prend également en compte la façon dont les différents minéraux de la ration totale seront absorbés par le cheval.<br /><br />Votre programme PC-Horse calcule les minéraux nécessaires à tous les types de chevaux selon les normes du NRC 2007. En ce qui concerne les minéraux pour la nutrition cheval, nous considérons ces normes comme étant les meilleures actuellement disponibles.<br /><br />Si plus de preuves scientifiques deviennent disponibles sur l\'absorption et l\'utilisation des différentes formes chimiques de minéraux, nous les intégrerons dans le moteur de calcul du programme PC-Cheval, nous permettant de fournir des conseils nutritionnels toujours plus performants aux propriétaires de chevaux.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>&nbsp;<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3888:aimeriez-vous-faire-des-commentaires-sur-notre-article&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=fr-FR\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Merci de</span> <span class=\"hps\">commenter cet article</span></span></a></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p><em>Cet article a été écrit par le Dr. Dag Austbø.</em><br /><em>Copyright : PC-Horse International - Norvège 2015.</em><br /><em>N\'hésitez pas à utiliser et publier cet article. Merci d\'indiquer la source et l\'auteur</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-04-23 07:16:36',10,'','2015-06-01 05:43:11',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-04-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,266,'','',1,1529,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3886,4602,'Would you like to comment on our articles?','poll-eng','<p>Thank you for reading our article. It´s our ambition to make them as interesting as possible to our readers. Please give us your opinion on the content and how they can be improved.</p>\r\n<p>[sexypolling id=\"4\"]</p>\r\n<p>Did the article answer your questions?<br />Do you miss any important information?<br />Are there other themes or subjects of interest for you?</p>\r\n<p><a href=\"mailto:dag.austbo@nmbu.no\">Click here to send a mail</a></p>\r\n<p>Thanks for your contribution!</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/Dag%20A.jpg\" alt=\"Dag A\" height=\"119\" width=\"88\" />&nbsp; Dag Austbø</p>','',1,619,'2015-04-17 12:43:43',10,'','2016-03-16 14:54:10',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-04-17 12:43:43','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,2,'','',1,9365,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(3887,4603,'Maj 2015 - Tilgængeligheden af mineraler i hestens foder ','may2015-da','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:poll-dk&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK&amp;Itemid=2670\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>I grovfoder og korn findes mineralerne organisk bundet i plantens celler og strukturer. Kraftfoderblandinger bliver tilsat ekstra mineraler under produktionen. Mineral foderblandinger som bruges i foderindustrien kan have mineralerne bundet til organiske molekyler (benævnes da ofte som chelaterede), eller som fintformaltet granuleret mineralblanding eventuelt pelleteret (benævnes da som uorganisk). For enkelte mineraler, f.eks selen, vil den organiske form lettere kunne optages. For andre mineraler er det mere usikkert hvilken form som optages bedst.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/chelatedminerals.jpg\" alt=\"chelatedminerals\" /></p>\r\n<p>Mineraler som calsium, zink, kobber, selen og flere andre, er vigtige for mange af kroppens funktioner, så som vækst, vedligehold af kroppens celler, immunsystemet, frugtbarhed og reproduktion, nervefunktion og den generelle sundhed. Mineralmangel kan føre til nedsat præstation eller sygdom. Hesten får mineraler fra der foder den spiser. Når vi giver ekstra mineraler gennem kraftfoderblandinger eller mineraltilskud så gives disse mineraler oftest i form af uorganiske salte. Men mineralene kan også være bundet til organiske molekyler som aminosyrer eller proteiner. Mineraler som er bundet til organiske molekyler kaldes organiske eller chelaterede mineraler.</p>\r\n<p>I tarmkanalen bliver mineralerne hovedsaglig absorberet i den øverste del af tyndtarmen (duodenum). Her findes flere specifikke systemer som gør det muligt at absorbere mineraler gennem tarmvæggen og til blodbanen. Tarmindholdet i duodenum indeholder noget mavesyre fra mavesækken og de sure forhold er med til at holde mineralerne som frie ioner, dvs på den form de fleste mineralene bliver absorberet.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/duodenum.jpg\" alt=\"duodenum\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>Der er meget diskussion om fordøjeligheden og bio-tilgængeligheden af mineraler i rationer til heste. Hvis vi søger på internettet efter «chelaterede mineraler til heste» får vi mange hit. De fleste er skrevet som led i markedsføring af produkter som indeholder chelaterede mineraler. Det bliver ofte fremhævet at de chelaterede mineraler i produkterne optages af hesten på en langt bedre måde end de uorganiske former af samme mineral. Produkter med chelaterede mineraler er oftest dyrere end tilsvarende produkter med uorganiske mineraler.</p>\r\n<p>Hvisvi går nærmere ind i faglitteraturen og studerer resultater fra forsøg med absorbtion af uorganiske og chelaterede mineraler, bliver billedet et andet. Den officielle amerikanske norm for ernæring af heste (Nutrient requirements for horses, NRC 2007) kommenterer hvor godt mineralene absorberes med baggrund i de forsøgsresultater som er publiseret. Her fremgår det at enkelte mineraler kan have en lidt bedre udnyttelse i chelateret form, mens andre chelaterede mineraler faktisk absorberes dårligere end mineraler i uorganisk form. Hovedbudskabet i NRC 2007 er at det ikke er store forskeller mellom uorganiske og chelaterede mineralers evne til at tilføre hesten de mineraler den har behov for.</p>\r\n<p>Ved beregning af behovet for de enkelte mineraler tager NRC med i betragtning hvor godt disse mineraler absorberes. For et mineral hvor 50% af foderets indhold bliver absorberet, sættes hestens dagsbehov til det dobbelte af den mængde kroppen har behov for at optage fra tarmkanalen . Vi kan derfor sige at hvis vi holder os til behovene beregnet efter NRC, så har vi også taget hensyn til hvor godt de forskellige mineraler absorberes af hesten.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse beregner behovene for mineraler til alle typer heste i henhold til NRC-normen, eftersom vi regner denne for at være den bedste i verden når det gælder mineraler. Så ved vi også at udnyttelsesgraden af de forskellige mineralene er taget med i beregningen, og at hestens behov skal være dækket, uanset om foderet er tilsat i uorganisk eller i chelateret form.<br />Når der fremkommer mere videnskabelig dokumentation om absorbtion og udnyttelse af forskellige kemiske former af mineraler vil vi lægge dette ind i beregningsapparatet i PC-Horse programmet sådan at der alltid ligger opdateret information og vejledning til brugerne.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:poll-dk&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK&amp;Itemid=2670\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-06-01 05:43:33',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-04-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,225,'','',1,2040,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(3888,4604,'Aimeriez-vous faire des commentaires sur notre article ?','poll-fr','<p>Merci d\'avoir lu notre article mensuel. Notre ambition est de les rendre aussi intéressants que possible pour nos lecteurs. S\'il vous plaît donnez nous votre avis sur le contenu et la façon dont nous pouvons l\'améliorer.</p>\r\n<p>[sexypolling id=\"5\"]</p>\r\n<p>L\'article at-il répondu à vos questions ?<br />Vous manque-t-il des informations importantes ?<br />Y at-il d\'autres thèmes ou des sujets d\'intérêt pour vous que vous souhaiteriez que nous traitions ?</p>\r\n<p><a href=\"mailto:equivitae78@gmail.com\">Cliquez ici pour envoyer un mail </a></p>\r\n<p>Merci de votre contribution !</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/Dag%20A.jpg\" alt=\"Dag A\" height=\"119\" width=\"88\" />&nbsp; Dag Austbø</p>','',1,619,'2015-04-17 12:43:43',10,'','2015-05-06 09:54:42',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-04-17 12:43:43','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',9,1,'','',1,4583,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3889,4605,'Mai 2015 – Verfügbarkeit der Mineralien im Pferdefutter','may2015-de','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><strong>Mineralien in Raufutter und Getreide kommen als organische Verbindungen in pflanzlichen Zellen und Strukturen vor. In Kraftfuttermischungen werden die Mineralien während der Produktion extra hinzugefügt, hierzu verwendet die Futterindustrie mineralische Prämixe. In den Prämixen sind Mineralien entweder an organische Moleküle (chelatierte Mineralien) gebunden oder liegen als feingemahlene Mineralsteine (anorganische Mineralien) vor. Bei einzelnen Mineralien, z.B. Selen, wird die organische Form besser vom Pferd absorbiert, wiederum ist es bei anderen Mineralien unsicher welche Form am besten Absorbiert wird.<br /><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/chelatedminerals.jpg\" alt=\"chelatedminerals\" width=\"500\" height=\"156\" /><br /><br />Kalzium, Zink, Kupfer, Selen und viele andere Mineralien sind erforderlich um verschiedene Körperfunktionen, wie Wachstum, Normalfunktion von Körperzellen, Immunsystem, Fruchtbarkeit, Reproduktion, Nervensystem und allgemeine Gesundheit, aufrecht zu erhalten. Ein Mangel an Mineralien kann zu Leistungseinbußen oder Erkrankungen führen. Durch das Futter wird das Pferd mit Mineralien versorgt. In Kraftfutter und Mineralfutter liegen die Mineralien meistens als unorganische Salze vor, aber können auch in organischen Verbindungen, wie Aminosäuren oder Proteine, gebunden sein. Diese Mineralien werden organische oder chelatierte Mineralien genannt.<br /><br />Im Darmsystem werden die Mineralien zum größten Teil im obersten Abschnitt des Dünndarms (duodenum) absorbiert. In diesem Abschnitt gibt es spezialisierte Transportsysteme die eine Absorption von Mineralien durch die Darmwand ins Blutsystem ermöglichen. Mineralien werden in der Regel als freie Ionen Absorbiert und da Magensäure vom Magen noch im Chymus des Dünndarms enthalten ist liegen die Mineralien im leicht sauren Milieu als Ionen vor.<br /><br /></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><br /><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/duodenum.jpg\" alt=\"duodenum\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">Es gibt viele Diskussionen zur Verdauung und Bioverfügbarkeit von Mineralien in der Ration von Pferden.<br />Bei suchen nach „chelatierte Mineralien für Pferde\" bekommt man viele Treffer, von denen die Meisten Marketing von Produkten mit chelatierten Mineralien sind. Hierbei wird oft behauptet, dass diese Mineralien vom Pferd besser verwertet werden als die unorganischen Mineralien gleicher Art, aber im Gegenzug sind Produkte mit chelartierten Mineralien oft teurer.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><br />Durch nähere Betrachtung der Fachliteratur und Studien zu der Absorption von unorganischen und chelatierten Mineralien wendet sich das Blatt. Die Amerikanischen Versorgungsempfehlungen von Pferden (Nutrient requirements for horses, NRC 2007) beschreibt, mit Hinblick auf Versuchsergebnisse, wie gut Mineralien Absorbiert werden. Demzufolge werden einige Mineralien besser in chelatierter Form und andere schlechter in chelartierter Form verwertet als in unorganischer Form. Die Hauptaussage von NRC 2007 ist das der Unterschied zwischen unorganischen und chelatierten Mineralien hinsichtlich der Zuführung von notwendigen Mineralien relativ klein ist.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><br />Wie gut die einzelnen Mineralien vom Pferd absorbiert werden wird nach der NRC bei der Berechnung des Bedarfes beachtet. Wenn z.B. der Inhalt eines Minerals in einem Futter zu 50 % Absorbiert wird, wird der Tagesbedarf verdoppelt. Wird der Bedarf also gemäß der NRC berechnet hat man auch die Absorptionsfähigkeit des Pferdes von unterschiedlichen Mineralien beachtet.<br />PC-Horse berechnet den Bedarf von Mineralien für alle Pferdetypen hinsichtlich der NRC Empfehlung, da diese Empfehlung als herausragend in der Welt betrachtet wird. Außerdem kann man davon ausgehen dass der Ausnutzungsgrad der unterschiedlichen Mineralien in den Berechnungen mit einfließt und dass der Bedarf des Pferdes abgedeckt wird, unabhängig davon ob die Mineralien im Futter in unorganischer oder chelatierter Form vorliegen.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><br />Sobald weitere wissenschaftliche Dokumentationen zur Absorption und Ausnutzung von unterschiedlichen chemischen Formen von Mineralien vorliegen werden diese in den Berechnungen der PC-Horse Software ergänzt, damit Informationen und Hinweise der Software immer auf dem neuesten Stand sind.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>Dieser Artikel wurde ursprünglich von Dag Austbo verfasst und von Wencke Bösch zum deutschen übersetzt.<br />Copyright: PC-Horse International – Norwegen 2015.<br />Verwenden Sie gerne dieses Material weiter, aber geben Sie bitte die Quelle und den Autor an.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-06-01 05:43:58',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-04-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,192,'','',1,1870,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3890,4606,'May 2015 - The availability of minerals in rations for horses','may2015-nl','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><strong>In forages and grains the minerals are incorporated organically into plant cells and structures. Most compound feeds have been fortified with extra minerals during production. The mineral premixes used in feed production may have their active minerals bound to organic molecules (often called chelated ), or come as finely ground rock minerals (often called inorganic minerals). For some minerals, like selenium, organic forms seems to be more easily absorbed, while there are less conclusive evidence on other minerals.<br /><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/chelatedminerals.jpg\" alt=\"chelatedminerals\" width=\"500\" height=\"156\" /><br /><br />Minerals like calcium, zinc, copper and selenium, among others, support body functions such as growth, tissue maintenance, immune responses, reproduction, nerve function and general health. Mineral deficiencies lead to disease or underperformance. Horses receive minerals through all parts of their diet. When we provide extra minerals in compound feeds or in mineral supplements, this is traditionally in the form of inorganic salts. Minerals can, however, also be bound to organic molecules, such as amino acids and proteins. Minerals bound to organic molecules are called organic or chelated minerals.<br /><br />In the intestinal tract, the minerals are mainly absorbed from the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). Here we find different specific systems transporting minerals ions through the gut wall and into the blood stream. The digesta in the duodenum retain some of the acidity from the stomach, which helps to maintain the minerals as free ions, i.e. the form in which most minerals are absorbed.<br /><br /></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><br /><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/duodenum.jpg\" alt=\"duodenum\" /><br />There is much discussion about the digestibility and bioavailability of different sources of minerals, meaning how efficiently they will be absorbed and thereafter utilised in the body.<br /><br />On the internet, a search for \"chelated minerals for horses\" produces many hits. Most articles are written as part of the marketing of products containing chelated minerals. It is often claimed that chelated minerals in a given product are taken up by the horse in a better way than what is the case with the inorganic forms. Products with chelated minerals are generally more expensive than similar products with inorganic minerals.<br /><br />The picture is somewhat different in literature reporting experiments comparing the absorption of inorganic and chelated minerals. The official American standard of nutrition of horses (Nutrient Requirements of Horses, NRC 2007) comments on how well minerals are absorbed on the basis of published results of digestibility trials. The findings are not always as clear as claimed in advertisements for chelated minerals. Indeed, some minerals have a somewhat better absorption in chelated than in inorganic form, others have a similar, or even lower absorption. The main message from the NRC 2007 publication appears to be that there are no major differences between inorganic and chelated minerals in respect to sustaining adequate minerals nutrition.<br /><br />When calculating the need for individual minerals, NRC takes into account how well the mineral is absorbed. For a mineral where 50% of the content of the feed is absorbed, NRC puts the horse\'s daily requirement to twice the amount which the body needs to absorb from the gut. Thus, when using mineral requirements as published by the NRC, PC-Horse also takes into account how well the different minerals in the total ration will be absorbed by the horse.<br /><br />Your PC-Horse program calculates the minerals needed by all types of horse according to NRC 2007 standards. In respect to minerals for horse nutrition, we consider these standards to be the best currently available.<br /><br />As more scientific evidence becomes available on the absorption and utilization of various chemical forms of minerals, we will incorporate it in the calculation engine of the PC-Horse program, enabling us to provide ever better nutritional advice to horse owners.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-06-01 05:44:20',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-04-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,185,'','',1,1398,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(3891,4615,'Would you like to comment on our articles?','would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles-de','<p>Thank you for reading our article. It´s our ambition to make them as interesting as possible to our readers. Please give us your opinion on the content and how they can be improved.</p>\r\n<p>[sexypolling id=\"4\"]</p>\r\n<p>Did the article answer your questions?<br />Do you miss any important information?<br />Are there other themes or subjects of interest for you?</p>\r\n<p><a href=\"mailto:dag.austbo@nmbu.no\">Click here to send a mail</a></p>\r\n<p>Thanks for your contribution!</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/Dag%20A.jpg\" alt=\"Dag A\" width=\"88\" height=\"119\" />&nbsp; Dag Austbø</p>','',-2,619,'2015-04-17 12:43:43',10,'','2015-05-06 06:59:29',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-04-17 12:43:43','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,0,'','',1,268,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3892,4616,'Juni 2015 - Tiamin (Vitamin B1)','june2015-nb','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p><strong>B-vitaminene er en gruppe på 8 vannløselige vitaminer som har en viktig rolle i cellenes metabolisme. De kan ikke produseres av kroppen selv, men kan bli produsert av bakterier, sopp og planter. Hos hesten er mikrobene i hestens tarm (hovesaklig blind- og tykktarm) i stand til å syntetisere B-vitaminer og hestens behov for B-vitaminer har bare blitt oppgitt for tiamin (B<sub>1</sub>) og riboflavin (B<sub>2</sub>). I denne artikkelen skal vi se på funksjon, kilder og behov for tiamin (vitamin B<sub>1</sub>).</strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/ax.jpg\" alt=\"ax\" /> <img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/tiaminformel.png\" alt=\"tiaminformel\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Funksjon<br /></strong>Tiamin er etvitamin som har en viktig rolle i energi metabolismen. Det er nødvendig når karbohydrater, fett og proteiner omsettes i kroppen for å produsere høy-energi forbindelsen ATP og for produksjon av pentose sukkeret (ribulose) som trengs for produksjon av nukleinsyrene DNA og RNA.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Kilder<br /></strong>Tiamin finnes i relativt høye konsentrasjoner i korn og biprodukter av korn (se tabell).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Mais</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">3.5 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Havre</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.2 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Hvete</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.5 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Bygg</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.7 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Hvetekli</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">8.0 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Hvetekim</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">12.0 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Riskli</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">23.0 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Ølgjær</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">95.2 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p>TS=Tørrstoff</p>\r\n<p>Disse konsentrasjonene av tiamin i fôr vill bli redusert ved lagring.<br />Tiamin er tilsatt de fleste kraftfôrblandinger til hest (10-30 mg/kg) og i vitamintilskudd.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Behov</strong></p>\r\n<p>NRC 2007 oppgir behov for tiamin til hester (se tabell).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Vedlikehold</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,06 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Lett trening</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,06 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Middels trening</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,113 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Hard trening</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,125 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Veldig hard trening</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,125 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Drektige hopper</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,06 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Lakterende hopper</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,075 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Unghester</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,075 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Mangelsymptomer<br /></strong>Beriberi er den klassiske sykdommen ved tiamin mangel. Blodmangel, langsom puls, ufrivillige muskelskjelvinger og mangelfull koordinasjon har blitt rapportert hos hester med tiamin mangel.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Giftighet<br /></strong>Tiamin er et vannløselig vitamin og et høyere enn nødvendig inntak vil bli skilt ut med urinen. Tiamin forgiftning er aldri vist hos hester.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>PC-Horse beregner behovet for tiamin individuelt for hver hest i henhold til NRC anbefalingene. Tiamin er også tatt med for fôrene i programmets fôrlister. Når du setter opp fôrplaner til hestene dine ved hjelp av PC-Horse har du alltid oversikt over fôrplanens innhold av tiamin og hvordan dette er i forhold til hestens behov (i alle programversjoner bortsett fra Mini).</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-07-01 06:57:57',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-05-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',8,317,'','',1,1762,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(3893,4617,'June 2015 - Thiamin (Vitamin B1)','june2015-eng','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>B-vitamins are a group of 8 water soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. They can not be produced by the body itself, but can be produced by bacteria, fungi and plants. In the horse, microorganisms in the gut (mainly the hind gut) are capable of synthesizing B-vitamins.&nbsp;Equine nutrient requirements have only been established for thiamin (B1) and riboflavin (B2). In this article we will look at the function, dietary sources and requirements for thiamin (vitamin B<sub>1</sub>).</strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/ax.jpg\" alt=\"ax\" /> <img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/tiaminformel.png\" alt=\"tiaminformel\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Function<br /></strong>Thiamin is a vitamin that plays vital roles in the energy metabolism. It is needed when carbohydrates, fats and proteins are used for production of the high energy compound ATP and for the production of pentose sugars (ribulose) needed for the production of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Dietary sources<br /></strong>Thiamin is found in relatively high concentrations in cereal grains and byproducts (see table).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Corn</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">3.5 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Oats</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.2 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Wheat</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.5 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Barley</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.7 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Wheat bran</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">8.0 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Wheat middlings</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">12.0 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Rice bran</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">23.0 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Brewer’s yeast</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">95.2 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p>These concentrations of thiamin in feeds will will decrease during storage.<br />Thiamin is included in most concentrate mixtures for horses (10 – 20 mg/kg) and in vitamin supplements.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Requirements</strong></p>\r\n<p>The NRC 2007 gives requirements for thiamin for horses (see table).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Maintenance</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.06 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.06 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Moderate exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.113 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.125 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Very heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.125 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Pregnant mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.06 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Lactating mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.075 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Growing horses</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.075 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Deficiency<br /></strong>Beriberi is the classical deficiency symptom of thiamin deficiency. Anorexia, bradycardia, muscle fasciculation and ataxia have been reported in horses with thiamin deficiency. Deficiency symptoms in horses fed typical feed ingredients have not been reported.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Toxicity<br /></strong>As thiamin is a water-soluble vitamin, excess intake will be excreted in the urine. Thiamin toxicity in horses has never been reported.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>PC-Horse calculates requirements for thiamin individually for each horse according to the NRC recommendations. It has also included values for thiamin (vitamin B<sub>1</sub> ) in all feed tables. When composing rations for your horse using PC-Horse, you will always be able to control that your horse’s thiamin intake is in accordance with its requirements (all versions except the Mini-version).</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-03-16 14:54:10',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-05-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,302,'','',1,1559,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(3894,4618,'Juni 2015 - Tiamin (Vitamin B1) (2)','june2015-nb-2','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p><strong>B-vitaminene er en gruppe på 8 vannløselige vitaminer som har en viktig rolle i cellenes metabolisme. De kan ikke produseres av kroppen selv, men kan bli produsert av bakterier, sopp og planter. Hos hesten er mikrobene i hestens tarm (hovesaklig blind- og tykktarm) i stand til å syntetisere B-vitaminer og hestens behov for B-vitaminer har bare blitt oppgitt for tiamin (B<sub>1</sub>) og riboflavin (B<sub>2</sub>). I denne artikkelen skal vi se på funksjon, kilder og behov for tiamin (vitamin B<sub>1</sub>).</strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Funksjon<br /></strong>Tiamin er et svovelholdig vitamin som har en viktig rolle i energi metabolismen. Det er nødvendig når karbohydrater, fett og proteiner omsettes i kroppen for å produsere høy-energi forbindelsen ATP og for produksjon av pentose sukkeret (ribulose) som trengs for produksjon av nukleinsyrene DNA og RNA.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Kilder<br /></strong>Tiamin finnes i relativt høye konsentrasjoner i korn og biprodukter av korn (se tabell).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Mais</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">3.5 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Havre</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.2 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Hvete</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.5 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Bygg</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.7 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Hvetekli</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">8.0 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Hvetekim</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">12.0 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Riskli</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">23.0 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Ølgjær</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">95.2 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p>TS=Tørrstoff</p>\r\n<p>Disse konsentrasjonene av tiamin i fôr vill bli redusert ved lagring.<br />Tiamin er tilsatt de fleste kraftfôrblandinger til hest (10-30 mg/kg) og i vitamintilskudd.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Behov</strong></p>\r\n<p>NRC 2007 oppgir behov for tiamin til hester (se tabell).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Vedlikehold</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,06 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Lett trening</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,06 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Middels trening</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,113 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Hard trening</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,125 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Veldig hard trening</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,125 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Drektige hopper</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,06 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Lakterende hopper</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,075 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Unghester</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,075 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Mangelsymptomer<br /></strong>Beriberi er den klassiske sykdommen ved tiamin mangel. Blodmangel, langsom puls, ufrivillige muskelskjelvinger og mangelfull koordinasjon har blitt rapportert hos hester med tiamin mangel.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Giftighet<br /></strong>Tiamin er et vannløselig vitamin og et høyere enn nødvendig inntak vil bli skilt ut med urinen. Tiamin forgiftning er aldri vist hos hester.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>PC-Horse beregner behovet for tiamin individuelt for hver hest i henhold til NRC anbefalingene. Tiamin er også tatt med for fôrene i programmets fôrlister. Når du setter opp fôrplaner til hestene dine ved hjelp av PC-Horse har du alltid oversikt over fôrplanens innhold av tiamin og hvordan dette er i forhold til hestens behov.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',-2,81,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-05-23 15:28:58',0,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-05-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',1,0,'','',1,0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(3895,4619,'Juni 2015 - Tiamin (Vitamin B1)','june2015-sv','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3879:vill-du-kommentera-var-manadsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=sv-SE\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>B-vitaminer är en grupp på 8 vattenlösliga vitaminer som har en viktig uppgift i cellernas metabolism. De kan inte produceras av kroppen själv, men kan produceras av bakterier, svampar och växter. Hos hästar är mikroberna i hästens tarm (huvudsakligen blind- och tjocktarmen) i stånd att syntetisera B-vitaminer. Hästens behov av B-vitaminer har bara uppgivits för tiamin <strong>(B<sub>1</sub>) og riboflavin (B<sub>2</sub>).</strong> I den här artikeln ska vi se på funktion, källor och behovet av tiamin <strong>(B<sub>1</sub>).</strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/ax.jpg\" alt=\"ax\" /> <img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/tiaminformel.png\" alt=\"tiaminformel\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Funktion<br /></strong>Tiamin är ett vitamin som har en viktig uppgift i energiomsättningen. Det är nödvändigt när kolhydrater, fett och proteiner omsätts i kroppen för att producera hög-energi bindningen ATP och för att producera pentos-sockret ribos), som krävs för att nukleinsyrorna DNA och RNA ska produceras.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Källor<br /></strong>Tiamin finns i relativt höga halter i spannmål och biprodukter av spannmål (se tabell).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Majs</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">3.5 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Havre</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.2 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Vete</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.5 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Korn</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.7 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Vetekli</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">8.0 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Vetegroddar</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">12.0 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Riskli</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">23.0 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Öljäst</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">95.2 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p>TS=Torrsubstans</p>\r\n<p>Ovanstående koncentrationer av tiamin i foder minskas vid lagring. <br />Tiamin tillsätts i de flesta kraftfoderblandningar avsedda för häst (10-30 mg/kg) och i vitamintillskott.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Behov</strong></p>\r\n<p>NRC 2007 uppger behovet av tiamin till hästar enligt nedan:&nbsp;</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Underhåll</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,06 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Lätt träning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,06 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Medel träning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,113 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Hård träning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,125 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Intensiv träning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,125 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Dräktiga ston</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,06 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Digivande ston</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,075 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Unghästar</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,075 mg/kg kroppsvikt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Bristsymptom<br /></strong>Beriberi är den klassiska sjukdomen vid tiaminbrist. Blodbrist, långsam puls, ofrivilliga muskelsammandragningar och brister i kordinationsförmågan har rapporterats hos hästar med tiaminbrist.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Giftighet<br /></strong>Tiamin är ett vattenlösligt vitamin och därför fälls överintag oftast ut med urinen. Man har aldrig påvisat någon tiaminförgiftning hos hästar.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>PC-Horse beräknar behovet av tiamin individuellt för varje häst i linje med vad NRC rekommenderar. Tiamin har även lagts till i alla foder som ingår i programmets foderlistor. När du gör en foderstat i PC-Horse har du alltid översikt på dess innehåll av tiamin i förhållande till hästens behov (alla programversioner utom Mini).</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3879:feedback-pa-var-manadsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=sv-SE\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-07-01 06:57:57',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-05-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',14,284,'','',1,2255,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(3896,4620,'June 2015 - Thiamin (Vitamin B1)','june2015-nl','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><strong>B-vitamins are a group of 8 water soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. They can not be produced by the body itself, but can be produced by bacteria, fungi and plants. In the horse, microorganisms in the gut (mainly the hind gut) are capable of synthesizing B-vitamins.&nbsp;Equine nutrient requirements have only been established for thiamin (B1) and riboflavin (B2). In this article we will look at the function, dietary sources and requirements for thiamin (vitamin B<sub>1</sub>).</strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/ax.jpg\" alt=\"ax\" /> <img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/tiaminformel.png\" alt=\"tiaminformel\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Function<br /></strong>Thiamin is a vitamin that plays vital roles in the energy metabolism. It is needed when carbohydrates, fats and proteins are used for production of the high energy compound ATP and for the production of pentose sugars (ribulose) needed for the production of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Dietary sources<br /></strong>Thiamin is found in relatively high concentrations in cereal grains and byproducts (see table).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Corn</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">3.5 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Oats</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.2 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Wheat</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.5 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Barley</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.7 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Wheat bran</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">8.0 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Wheat middlings</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">12.0 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Rice bran</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">23.0 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Brewer’s yeast</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">95.2 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p>These concentrations of thiamin in feeds will will decrease during storage.<br />Thiamin is included in most concentrate mixtures for horses (10 – 20 mg/kg) and in vitamin supplements.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Requirements</strong></p>\r\n<p>The NRC 2007 gives requirements for thiamin for horses (see table).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Maintenance</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.06 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.06 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Moderate exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.113 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.125 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Very heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.125 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Pregnant mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.06 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Lactating mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.075 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Growing horses</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.075 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Deficiency<br /></strong>Beriberi is the classical deficiency symptom of thiamin deficiency. Anorexia, bradycardia, muscle fasciculation and ataxia have been reported in horses with thiamin deficiency. Deficiency symptoms in horses fed typical feed ingredients have not been reported.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Toxicity<br /></strong>As thiamin is a water-soluble vitamin, excess intake will be excreted in the urine. Thiamin toxicity in horses has never been reported.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>PC-Horse calculates requirements for thiamin individually for each horse according to the NRC recommendations. It has also included values for thiamin (vitamin B<sub>1</sub> ) in all feed tables. When composing rations for your horse using PC-Horse, you will always be able to control that your horse’s thiamin intake is in accordance with its requirements (all versions except the Mini-version).</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-07-01 06:57:57',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-05-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,263,'','',1,1504,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(3897,4621,'Juni 2015 - Thiamin (Vitamin B1)','june2015-de','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:poll-eng&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"de\"><span class=\"hps\">Bitte äußern Sie sich</span> <span class=\"hps\">zu diesem Artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong>B-Vitamine sind eine Gruppe von 8 wasserlöslichen Vitaminen die eine wichtige Rolle beim Metabolismus der Zelle spielen. Diese Vitamine können im Körper nicht selbst produziert werden, aber können von Bakterien, Pilzen und Pflanzen. Beim Pferd sind die Mikroben im Darm des Pferdes (hauptsächlich Blind- und Dickdarm) im Stande B-Vitamine zu synthetisieren und dadurch ist nur der Bedarf an Thiamin (B1) und Riboflavin (B2) definiert. In diesem Artikel werden wir die Funktionen, Quellen und Bedarf an Thiamin (Vitamin B1) näher bringen.</strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/ax.jpg\" alt=\"ax\" /> <img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/tiaminformel.png\" alt=\"tiaminformel\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Funktion</strong><br />Thiamin ist ein schwefelhaltiges Vitamin das eine wichtige Rolle beim Energiemetabolismus erfüllt. Es ist notwendig bei der Umsetzung von Kohlenhydraten, Fetten und Proteinen, um die sehr energiereiche Verbindung ATP zu produzieren und für die Produktion von Pentose Zucker (Ribulose) für die Produktion von Nukleinsäure DNA und RNA.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Quellen</strong><br />Getreide und Getreidenebenprodukte beinhalten relativ hohe Konzentrationen an Thiamin (siehe Tabelle).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" border=\"1\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Mais</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">3.5 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Hafer</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.2 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Weizen</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.5 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Gerste</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.7 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Weizenkleie</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">8.0 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Weizenkeime</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">12.0 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Reiskleie</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">23.0 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Bierhefe</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">95.2 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><br />TS=Trockensubstanz<br />Diese Konzentrationen an Thiamin werden sich im Futter bei Lagerung verringern.<br />Thiamin ist in den meisten Kraftfuttermischungen und Vitaminmischungen für Pferde beigesetzt (10-30 mg/kg).</p>\r\n<p><strong>Bedarf</strong><br />NRC 2007 geben folgende Bedarfswerte für Thiamin an (siehe Tabelle).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" border=\"1\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Mais</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">3.5 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Hafer</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.2 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Weizen</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.5 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Gerste</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.7 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Weizenkleie</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">8.0 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Weizenkeime</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">12.0 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Reiskleie</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">23.0 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Bierhefe</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">95.2 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Mangelerscheinungen</strong><br />Beriberi ist eine klassische Krankheit die bei einem Thiaminmangel auftreten kann. Anämie, verlangsamter Puls, Muskelzittern und verschlechterte Koordination werden bei Thiaminmangel beim Pferd berichtet.<br />Toxizität<br />Thiamin ist ein wasserlösliches Vitamin und bei einer höheren zufuhr als notwendig wird ein Überschuss über den Urin abgegeben. Eine Thiaminvergiftung ist noch nicht beim Pferd aufgetreten.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />PC-Horse berechnet en Bedarf an Thiamin an jedes Pferd individuell angepasst und nach den NRC-empfehlungen. Thiamin ist auch in den Futtermitteln der im Programm verfügbaren Liste eingefügt und beachtet, somit können Sie bei der Rationsgestaltung Ihrer Pferde mit Hilfe von PC-Horse immer eine gute Übersicht über den Inhalt an Thiamin in der Ration im Verhältnis zum Bedarf des Pferdes haben.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:poll-eng&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"de\"><span class=\"hps\">Bitte äußern Sie sich</span> <span class=\"hps\">zu diesem Artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-07-01 06:57:57',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-05-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,219,'','',1,1431,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3898,4622,'Juin 2015 – Thiamine (Vitamine B1)','june2015-fr','<div style=\"text-align: right;\" dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3888:aimeriez-vous-faire-des-commentaires-sur-notre-article&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=fr-FR\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Vous pouvez</span> <span class=\"hps\">commenter cet article</span></span></a></strong></span></div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Les vitamines B sont un groupe de 8 vitamines hydrosolubles qui jouent un rôle important dans le métabolisme cellulaire. Elles ne peuvent pas être produites par le corps lui-même, mais peuvent être produites par les bactéries, Elles ne peuvent pas être produites par le corps lui-même, mais peuvent être produites par des bactéries, des champignons et des plantes. Chez le cheval, les micro-organismes dans l\'intestin (principalement le gros intestin) sont capables de synthétiser des vitamines B et les besoins nutritionnels ont seulement été établis pour la thiamine (B1) et la riboflavine (B2). Dans cet article, nous nous pencherons sur les fonctions, les sources et les besoins alimentaires pour la thiamine (vitamine B1).</strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/ax.jpg\" alt=\"ax\" /> <img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/tiaminformel.png\" alt=\"tiaminformel\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Fonction</strong><br />La thiamine est une vitamine, qui joue un rôle vital dans le métabolisme énergétique. Elle est nécessaire lorsque les glucides, les lipides et les protéines sont utilisés pour la production de composés à haute énergie (ATP) et pour la production de sucres pentoses (ribulose) nécessaires à la production des acides nucléiques ADN et ARN</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Sources alimentaires</strong><br />La thiamine est trouvée en relativement haute concentration dans les céréales et les produits dérivés (voir le tableau).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Maïs</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">3.5 mg/kg MS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Avoine</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.2 mg/kg MS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Blé</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.5 mg/kg MS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Orge</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">5.7 mg/kg MS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Son de blé</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">8.0 mg/kg MS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Remoulage de blé</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">12.0 mg/kg MS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Son de riz</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">23.0 mg/kg MS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Levure de Bière</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">95.2 mg/kg MS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p>Ces concentrations en thiamine dans les aliments seront réduites pendant le stockage.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La thiamine est incluse dans la plupart des concentrés pour les chevaux (10 - 20 mg / kg) et des suppléments vitaminiques.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Besoins</strong><br />Le NRC 2007 indique les besoins en thiamine pour les chevaux (voir le tableau).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.15pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">Entretien</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.7pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">0.06 mg/kg poids vif</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.15pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">Exercice léger</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.7pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">0.06 mg/kg poids vif</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.15pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">Exercice modéré</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.7pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">0.113 mg/kg poids vif</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.15pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">Exercice intense</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.7pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">0.125 mg/kg poids vif</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.15pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">Exercice très intense</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.7pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">0.125 mg/kg poids vif</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.15pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">Juments gestantes</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.7pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">0.06 mg/kg poids vif</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.15pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">Juments allaitantes</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.7pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">0.075 mg/kg poids vif</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 113.15pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">Chevaux en croissance</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.7pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">0.075 mg/kg poids vif</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Carence</strong><br />Le Béribéri est le symptôme classique de déficit en thiamine. L\'anorexie, une bradycardie, fasciculation musculaire et l\'ataxie ont été signalés chez les chevaux ayant une carence en thiamine. Les symptômes de carence chez les chevaux nourris avec des aliments aux ingrédients standard n\'ont pas été rapportés.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Toxicité</strong><br />Comme la thiamine est une vitamine hydrosoluble, l\'excès de consommation sera excrété dans les urines. Une toxicité de la thiamine chez les chevaux n\'a jamais été rapportée.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />PC-Horse calcule les besoins en thiamine individuellement pour chaque cheval selon les recommandations du NRC. Il a aussi inclus les valeurs pour la thiamine (vitamine B1) dans tous les tableaux d\'alimentation. Lorsque vous composez les rations de votre cheval en utilisant PC-Horse, vous pourrez toujours contrôler que la consommation en thiamine de votre cheval est en accord avec ses besoins.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>&nbsp;<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3888:aimeriez-vous-faire-des-commentaires-sur-notre-article&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=fr-FR\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Merci de</span> <span class=\"hps\">commenter cet article</span></span></a></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p><em>Cet article a été écrit par le Dr. Dag Austbø.</em><br /><em>Copyright : PC-Horse International - Norvège 2015.</em><br /><em>N\'hésitez pas à utiliser et publier cet article. Merci d\'indiquer la source et l\'auteur</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-04-23 07:16:36',10,'','2015-07-29 14:21:33',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-05-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',8,201,'','',1,1687,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3899,4624,'Juni 2015 - Tiamin (Vitamin B1)','june2015-da','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:poll-dk&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK&amp;Itemid=2670\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>B-vitaminerne er en gruppe på 8 vandopløselige vitaminer som har en vigtig rolle i celler-nes omsætning. De kan ikke produceres af kroppen selv, men kan blive dannet af bakterier i fordøjelseskanalen og af planter. Hos hesten er mikroberne i hestens tarm (hovedsaglig blind- og tyktarm) i stand til at syntetisere B-vitaminer og hestens behov for B-vitaminer er kun opgivet for tiamin (B1) og riboflavin (B2). I denne artikkel skal vi se på funktion, kilder og behov for tiamin (vitamin B1).</strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/ax.jpg\" alt=\"ax\" /> <img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/tiaminformel.png\" alt=\"tiaminformel\" /><br /><strong>Funktion</strong><br />Tiamin er et vitamin som har en vigtig rolle i energi metabolismen. Det er nødvendig når karbohydrater, fedt og proteiner omsættes i kroppen for at produsere høj-energi forbindelsen ATP og for produktion af pentose sukkeret (ribulose) som er nødvendigt for produktion av nuk-leinsyrene DNA og RNA.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Kilder</strong><br />Tiamin finnes i relativt høje koncentrationer i korn og biprodukter af korn (se tabell).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 20.25pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 94.9pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 20.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"95\">Majs</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 117.1pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 20.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"117\">3.5 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 19.25pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 94.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 19.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"95\">Havre</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 117.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 19.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"117\">5.2 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 20.25pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 94.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 20.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"95\">Hvede</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 117.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 20.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"117\">5.5 &nbsp; mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 19.25pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 94.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 19.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"95\">Byg</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 117.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 19.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"117\">5.7 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 20.25pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 94.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 20.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"95\">Hvedeklid</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 117.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 20.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"117\">8.0 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 20.25pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 94.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 20.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"95\">Hvedekim</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 117.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 20.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"117\">12.0 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 19.25pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 94.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 19.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"95\">Risklid</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 117.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 19.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"117\">23.0 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 19.25pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 94.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 19.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"95\">Ølgær</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 117.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 19.25pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"117\">95.2 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><br />TS=Tørstoff<br />Disse koncentrationer af tiamin i foderet vil blive reduceret ved lagring.<br />Tiamin er tilsat de fleste kraftfoderblandinger til hest (10-30 mg/kg) og i vitamintilskud.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Behov</strong><br />NRC 2007 opgiver disse behov for tiamin til heste (se tabel).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 20.45pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.35pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 20.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"130\">Vedligehold</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.15pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 20.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,06 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 21.5pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 21.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"130\">Let træning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.15pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 21.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,06 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 20.45pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 20.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"130\">Middel træning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.15pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 20.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,113 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 21.5pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 21.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"130\">Hård træning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.15pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 21.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,125 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 20.45pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 20.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"130\">Meget hård træning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.15pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 20.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,125 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 21.5pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 21.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"130\">Drægtige hopper</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.15pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 21.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,06 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 20.45pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 20.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"130\">Lakterende hopper</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.15pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 20.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,075 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 20.45pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 20.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"130\">Ungheste</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.15pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 20.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,075 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Mangelsymptomer</strong><br />Beri-beri er den klassiske sygdom ved tiamin mangel. Blodmangel, langsom puls, ufrivillige muskelsammentrækninger og mangelfull koordination er blevet rapportert hos heste med tiamin mangel.<br />Giftighed<br />Tiamin er et vandopløseligt vitamin og et overskud vil blive udskidlt med urinen. Tiamin forgiftning er aldrig konstateret hos hester.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />PC-Horse beregner behovet for tiamin individuelt for hver hest i henhold til NRC anbefalingerne. Tiaminindholdet er også taget med for foderemnerne i programmets foderlister. Når du udregner foderplaner til dine heste ved hjelp av PC-Horse har du altid en oversigt over foderplanens ind-hold af tiamin og hvordan dette er i forhold til hestens behov.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:poll-dk&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK&amp;Itemid=2670\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-07-01 06:57:57',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-05-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,182,'','',1,1693,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(3900,4625,'Eurofins følgeseddel til grovfoder analyser','pa-eurofins-hjemmeside-kan-du-finde-folgeseddel-til-grovfoder-analyser','<p>På Eurofins <a href=\"http://www.eurofins.dk/dk/f0devarer/online-bestil/f0lgesedler.aspx\">hjemmeside</a> kan du finde følgeseddel til grovfoder analyser til heste . Hvis du indtaster din email-adresse vil du automatisk modtage en datafil (XML) som kan læses af PC Horse samtidig som du får det på papir (PDF).</p>\r\n<p>På Seges ,<a href=\"https://www.landbrugsinfo.dk/Heste/Fodring/Sider/Startside.aspx\">Hestes hjemmeside</a> ligger der en beskrivelse af hvordan prøven der skal analyseres bør udtages.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/45-images/45%20eurofins%20order%20analyze%20blankett.png\" alt=\"45 eurofins order analyze blankett\" /></p>','',1,86,'2015-06-18 12:34:56',10,'','2015-06-30 11:27:38',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-06-18 12:34:56','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,0,'','',1,6591,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'*',''),(3901,4626,'Indlæg Eurofins foder analyser direkte!','indlaeg-eurofins-foder-analyser-direkte-2','<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>Eurofins laboratorium indfører nu FEhest i grovfoderanalyserne og det bliver således muligt at indlæse resultaterne af grovfoderanalyserne direkte i PC Horse, uden at man selv skal til at lave indtastninger eller omregninger.</p>\r\n<p>Dette er en kæmpe fordel, da mange hestefolk erfaringsmæssig ikke er helt fortrolige med selv at læge disse data ind og omregne fra kg foder til kg tørstof.</p>\r\n<p>Foderprogrammet PC Horse anvender allerede i dag normer baseret på FEhest og dette bliver nu så fulgt op af grovfoderanalyserne, hvilket giver mulighed for en højere sikkerhed når vi udregner foderplaner.</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td>&nbsp;<img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/Eurofinsanalys%20till%20PC-Horse_500px.jpg\" alt=\"Eurofinsanalys till PC Horse 500px\" width=\"150\" height=\"102\" /></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n','\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3900:pa-eurofins-hjemmeside-kan-du-finde-folgeseddel-til-grovfoder-analyser&amp;catid=86:feeds-forage&amp;Itemid=4596\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Hvordan og</span> <span class=\"hps\">hvor kan</span> <span class=\"hps\">jeg bestille</span> <span class=\"hps\">en analyse af</span> <span class=\"hps\">Eurofins</span>?</span></a></strong></span></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"http://www.eurofins.dk/dk/f0devarer/online-bestil/f0lgesedler.aspx\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"no\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Gå direkte til Eurofins og bestil Din analyse her.</span></strong></a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/da/manual/feed-lists/importfeedanalysis\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"no\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Lær mere om</span>, hvordan du importerer <span class=\"hps\">filen med</span> <span class=\"hps\">analyseresultaterne</span> <span class=\"hps\">i PC</span><span class=\"atn\">-</span>Horse</span></span></strong></a></p>\r\n<p><strong><a href=\"index.php/da/manual/feed-lists/nutritioncolors\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"no\" style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Se også</span> <span class=\"hps\">hvordan vores</span> <span class=\"hps\">farvesystem</span> <span class=\"hps\">viser, hvor</span> <span class=\"hps\">pålidelig</span> <span class=\"hps\">hver værdi</span> <span class=\"hps\">næringsstof</span></span> er</span></strong></a></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Øget fokus på grovfoder i hestens foderration stiller krav til bedre foderanalyser.</strong></p>\r\n<p>Tidligere er energiindholdet i grovfoder til heste blevet beregnet i FEkvæg. Dette bliver nu ændret, idet labora-toriet Eurofins Agro Testing fremover vil lave beregningerne i FEhest. Med baggrund i en stor række fodrings-forsøg med fistulerede heste i Frankrig er systemet FEhest blevet udviklet. Værdierne angivet i FEhest, for grov-foder til heste, vil være noget mere nøjagtige med hensyn til hestens udnyttelse af foderets energiindhold i forhold til den gamle beregning.</p>\r\n<p>Alle hesteanalyser kører nu med FE hest og der kommer fil ud med alle - jvf. Følgesedlen</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img src=\"images-joomla/stories/45-images/45%20FE-tabell.png\" alt=\"45 FE tabell\" width=\"600\" height=\"178\" /></p>\r\n<p>I Sverige og Norge har man i et par år anvendt FEhest i grovfoderanalyser til heste med godt resultat.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Bedre foderplaner</strong><br />De enkelte foderanalyser på grovfoder til heste viser stor variation for værdierne af energi, protein og minera-ler. Anvendes der gennemsnitstal er det derfor usikkert om hesten reelt får dækket sit behov for næringsstof-fer. Ved at bruge foderanalyser fra det konkrete parti grovfoder, kan der sammensættes nogle bedre foder-planer.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Billigere analyser</strong><br />Grovfoderanalyserne til heste bliver samtidig billigere og kommer til at koste 750 kr + evt. 500 kr ,- for en mineralanalyse, en prisreduktion på mere end 30% i forhold til sidste år.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Flere foderanalyser</strong><br />Vi håber at det nye og mere nøjagtige beregningsgrundlag samt den efterfølgende lettere brug af analysere-sultaterne i foderprogrammet PC Horse i kombination med de mere konkurrencedygtige priser, vil betyde at der vil blive analyseret væsentlig flere grovfoderprøver af hestefoder. Flere foderanalyser vil gøre det muligt, at opbygge en database over næringsindholdet og variationen i grov-foder til heste.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>',0,91,'2013-03-01 08:40:46',62,'','2016-03-10 16:12:11',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2013-03-01 08:40:46','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',16,8,'Eurofins, grovfoder, grovfoderanaylser, analyser, grovfoder för häst, analys av näringsämnen, hö, hösilage','Det är grovfodret som ger hästen det mest av de näringsämnen den behöver. men i motsats till kraftfoder och tillskott, som har detaljerade innehållsdeklarationer på förpackningen, så är det inte lika självklart att Du får exakt och korrekt information om näringsinnehållet i det hö och hösilage som Du köpt från Din lokala bonde. Kvalitetsinriktade producenter bifogar naturligtvis en färsk och relevant analys tillsammans med leveransen. Likaväl kan det bland vara problematiskt att tolka analysen och vara säker på att man lägger in rätt värden i sin foderstatsberäkning.',1,3900,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',1,'da-DK',''),(3902,4627,'Juli 2015 - Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)','july2015-nb','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen<br /></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><strong>B-vitaminene er en gruppe på 8 vannløselige vitaminer som har en viktig rolle i cellenes metabolisme. De kan ikke produseres av kroppen selv, men kan bli produsert av bakterier, sopp og planter. Hos hesten er mikrobene i hestens tarm (hovesaklig blind- og tykktarm) i stand til å syntetisere B-vitaminer og hestens behov for B-vitaminer har bare blitt oppgitt for tiamin (B1) og riboflavin (B2). I denne artikkelen skal vi se på funksjon, kilder og behov for riboflavin (vitamin B2).</strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/riboflavinformel.png\" alt=\"riboflavinformel\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" /><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazingnight.jpg\" alt=\"grazingnight\" />&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>Funksjon<br /></strong>Riboflavin er forstadiet til koenzymene flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) og flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Begge disse deltar oksidasjon/reduksjon reaksjoner i energi metabolismen (ATP syntese), fett metabolisme og i antioksidant forsvaret.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Kilder</strong><br />Riboflavin finnes i relativt høye konsentrasjoner i luserne og kløver og i noe lavere konsentrasjoner i gras og høy (se tabell).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12.3pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 95pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.3pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"95\">Luserne/kløver</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 117.25pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.3pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"117\">13-17 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.1pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 95pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.1pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"95\">Gras høy</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 117.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.1pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"117\">7-10 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12.3pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 95pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.3pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"95\">Kornarter</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 117.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.3pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"117\">1.4-1.7 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p>TS=Tørrstoff<br /><br />Disse konsentrasjonene av riboflavin i fôr vil bli redusert til ca 70% ved 1 års lagring.<br />Riboflavin er tilsatt de fleste kraftfôrblandinger til hest (5-15 mg/kg) og i vitamintilskudd.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Behov</strong><br />NRC 2007 oppgir behov for riboflavin til hester (se tabell).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Vedlikehold</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Lett trening</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Middels trening</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Hard trening</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Veldig hard trening</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Drektige hopper</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Lakterende hopper</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Unghester</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Mangelsymptomer</strong><br />Riboflavin produseres av mikroorganismene i hestens tarmkanal og mangelsymptomer har ikke blitt beskrevet hos hest<br />Giftighet<br />Riboflaviin er et vannløselig vitamin og et høyere enn nødvendig inntak vil bli skilt ut med urinen. Riboflavin forgiftning er aldri vist hos hester.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />PC-Horse beregner behovet for riboflavin individuelt for hver hest i henhold til NRC anbefalingene. Riboflavin er også tatt med for fôrene i programmets fôrlister. Når du setter opp fôrplaner til hestene dine ved hjelp av PC-Horse har du alltid oversikt over fôrplanens innhold av riboflavin og hvordan dette er i forhold til hestens behov.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /><em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /><em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-08-01 09:29:09',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-06-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,318,'','',1,1597,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(3903,4628,'Juli 2015 - Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)','july2015-da','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:poll-dk&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK&amp;Itemid=2670\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><strong>B-vitaminerne er en gruppe på 8 vandopløselige vitaminer som har en vigtig rolle i celler-nes metabolisme. De kan ikke produceres af kroppen selv, men kan blive produceret af bakterier og planter. Hos hesten er mikroberne i hestens tarm (hovedsagligt blind- og tyk-tarm) i stand til at syntetisere B-vitamin og hestens behov for B-vitamin er kun opgivet for tiamin (B1) og riboflavin (B2). I denne artikel skal vi se på funktion, kilder og behov for ribo-flavin (vitamin B2).</strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazingnight.jpg\" alt=\"grazingnight\" />&nbsp;<img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/riboflavinformel.png\" alt=\"riboflavinformel\" height=\"250\" width=\"256\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Funktion</strong><br />Riboflavin er forstadiet til coenzym flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) og flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Begge disse deltager i oksidationen /reduktion reaktioner i energi metabolismen (ATP syn-tese), fedt metabolisme og i antioksidant forsvaret.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Kilder</strong><br />Riboflavin findes i relativt høje koncentrationer i luserne og kløver og i nogete lavere koncentratio-ner i græs og hø(se tabell).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Luserne/kløver</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">13-17 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Græs hø</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">7-10 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Kornarter</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">1.4-1.7 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p>TS=Tørstof</p>\r\n<p>Indholdet af riboflavin i foderet vil blive reduseret til ca 70% ved 1 års lagring.<br />Riboflavin er tilsat de fleste kraftfoderrblandinger til heste (5-15 mg/kg) og i vitamintilskud.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Behov</strong></p>\r\n<p>NRC 2007 opgiver behov for riboflavin til heste (se tabel).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Vedligehold</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Let træning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Middel træning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Hård træning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Meget hård træning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Drægtige hopper</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Lakterende hopper</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Ungheste</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Mangelsymptomer</strong></p>\r\n<p>Riboflavin produceres af mikroorganismene i hestens tarmkanal og mangelsymptomer er ikke beskrevet hos hest<br />Giftighed<br />Riboflaviin er et vandløselig vitamin og et større indtag end nødvendigt vil blive udskildt med uri-nen. Riboflavin forgiftning er aldrig set hos heste.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />PC-Horse beregner behovet for riboflavin individuelt for hver hest i henhold til NRC anbefalingene. Riboflavin er også taget med for foderemnerne i programmets foderlister. Når du sammensætter foderplaner til dine heste ved hjælp af PC-Horse har du altid en oversigt over foderplanens indhold af riboflavin og hvordan dette er i forhold til hestens behov.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:poll-dk&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK&amp;Itemid=2670\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-08-01 09:29:09',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-06-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,304,'','',1,1418,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(3904,4629,'July 2015 - Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)','july2015-eng','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>B-vitamins are a group of 8 water soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. They can not be produced by the body itself, but can be produced by bacteria, fungi and plants. In the horse, microorganisms in the gut (mainly the hind gut) is capable of synthesizing B-vitamins and nutrient requirements have only been established for thiamin (B<sub>1</sub>) and riboflavin (B<sub>2</sub>). In this article we will look at the function, dietary sources and requirements for riboflavin (vitamin B<sub>2</sub>).</strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/riboflavinformel.png\" alt=\"riboflavinformel\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" /><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazingnight.jpg\" alt=\"grazingnight\" />&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>Function</strong><br />Riboflavin is a precursor to the coenzymes flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Both are involved in oxidation-reduction reactions used in energy metabolism (ATP synthesis), lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense mecanisms.</p>\r\n<p><br /><strong>Dietary sources</strong><br />Riboflavin is found in relatively high concentrations in legumes like lucerne and clover and slightly less in grass hays (see table).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Legumes</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">13-17 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Grass hays</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">7-10 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Cereal grains</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">1.4-1.7 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">These concentrations of riboflavin in feeds will be reduced to about 70% during 1 year storage.</p>\r\n<p>Riboflavin is included in most concentrate mixtures for horses (5 – 15 mg/kg) and in vitamin supplements.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Requirements<br /></strong>Riboflavin is absorbed with decreasing efficiency with increasing amounts ingested. Excess is rapidly excreted in the urine, and there is little storage in the body.</p>\r\n<p>The NRC 2007 gives requirements for riboflavin for horses (see table).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Maintenance</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Moderate exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Very heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Pregnant mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Lactating mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Growing horses</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Deficiency<br /></strong>Riboflavin is produced by microorganisms in the intestine of the horse and deficiency has not been described.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Toxicity<br /></strong>As riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin, excess intake will be excreted in the urine. Riboflavin toxicity in horses has never been reported.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>PC-Horse calculates requirements for riboflavin individually for each horse according to the NRC recommendations. It has also included values for riboflavin (vitamin B<sub>2</sub> ) in all feed tables. When composing rations for your horse using PC-Horse, you will always be able to control that your horse’s riboflavin intake is in accordance with its requirements.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-03-16 14:54:10',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-06-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,291,'','',1,1470,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(3905,4630,'July 2015 - Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)','july2015-de','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:poll-eng&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"de\"><span class=\"hps\">Bitte äußern Sie sich</span> <span class=\"hps\">zu diesem Artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>B-vitamins are a group of 8 water soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. They can not be produced by the body itself, but can be produced by bacteria, fungi and plants. In the horse, microorganisms in the gut (mainly the hind gut) is capable of synthesizing B-vitamins and nutrient requirements have only been established for thiamin (B<sub>1</sub>) and riboflavin (B<sub>2</sub>). In this article we will look at the function, dietary sources and requirements for riboflavin (vitamin B<sub>2</sub>).</strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/riboflavinformel.png\" alt=\"riboflavinformel\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" /><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazingnight.jpg\" alt=\"grazingnight\" />&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>Function</strong><br />Riboflavin is a precursor to the coenzymes flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Both are involved in oxidation-reduction reactions used in energy metabolism (ATP synthesis), lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense mecanisms.</p>\r\n<p><br /><strong>Dietary sources</strong><br />Riboflavin is found in relatively high concentrations in legumes like lucerne and clover and slightly less in grass hays (see table).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Legumes</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">13-17 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Grass hays</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">7-10 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Cereal grains</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">1.4-1.7 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">These concentrations of riboflavin in feeds will be reduced to about 70% during 1 year storage.</p>\r\n<p>Riboflavin is included in most concentrate mixtures for horses (5 – 15 mg/kg) and in vitamin supplements.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Requirements<br /></strong>Riboflavin is absorbed with decreasing efficiency with increasing amounts ingested. Excess is rapidly excreted in the urine, and there is little storage in the body.</p>\r\n<p>The NRC 2007 gives requirements for riboflavin for horses (see table).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Maintenance</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Moderate exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Very heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Pregnant mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Lactating mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Growing horses</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Deficiency<br /></strong>Riboflavin is produced by microorganisms in the intestine of the horse and deficiency has not been described.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Toxicity<br /></strong>As riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin, excess intake will be excreted in the urine. Riboflavin toxicity in horses has never been reported.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>PC-Horse calculates requirements for riboflavin individually for each horse according to the NRC recommendations. It has also included values for riboflavin (vitamin B<sub>2</sub> ) in all feed tables. When composing rations for your horse using PC-Horse, you will always be able to control that your horse’s riboflavin intake is in accordance with its requirements.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:poll-eng&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"de\"><span class=\"hps\">Bitte äußern Sie sich</span> <span class=\"hps\">zu diesem Artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-08-01 09:29:09',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-06-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,250,'','',1,1540,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3906,4631,'July 2015 - Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)','july2015-nl','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>B-vitamins are a group of 8 water soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. They can not be produced by the body itself, but can be produced by bacteria, fungi and plants. In the horse, microorganisms in the gut (mainly the hind gut) is capable of synthesizing B-vitamins and nutrient requirements have only been established for thiamin (B<sub>1</sub>) and riboflavin (B<sub>2</sub>). In this article we will look at the function, dietary sources and requirements for riboflavin (vitamin B<sub>2</sub>).</strong></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/riboflavinformel.png\" alt=\"riboflavinformel\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" /><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazingnight.jpg\" alt=\"grazingnight\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Function</strong><br />Riboflavin is a precursor to the coenzymes flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Both are involved in oxidation-reduction reactions used in energy metabolism (ATP synthesis), lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense mecanisms.</p>\r\n<p><br /><strong>Dietary sources</strong><br />Riboflavin is found in relatively high concentrations in legumes like lucerne and clover and slightly less in grass hays (see table).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Legumes</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">13-17 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Grass hays</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">7-10 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Cereal grains</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">1.4-1.7 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">These concentrations of riboflavin in feeds will be reduced to about 70% during 1 year storage.</p>\r\n<p>Riboflavin is included in most concentrate mixtures for horses (5 – 15 mg/kg) and in vitamin supplements.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Requirements<br /></strong>Riboflavin is absorbed with decreasing efficiency with increasing amounts ingested. Excess is rapidly excreted in the urine, and there is little storage in the body.</p>\r\n<p>The NRC 2007 gives requirements for riboflavin for horses (see table).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Maintenance</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Moderate exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Very heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Pregnant mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Lactating mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Growing horses</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Deficiency<br /></strong>Riboflavin is produced by microorganisms in the intestine of the horse and deficiency has not been described.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Toxicity<br /></strong>As riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin, excess intake will be excreted in the urine. Riboflavin toxicity in horses has never been reported.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>PC-Horse calculates requirements for riboflavin individually for each horse according to the NRC recommendations. It has also included values for riboflavin (vitamin B<sub>2</sub> ) in all feed tables. When composing rations for your horse using PC-Horse, you will always be able to control that your horse’s riboflavin intake is in accordance with its requirements.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-08-01 09:29:09',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-06-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',8,238,'','',1,1382,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),