(4432,5203,'Vitamin C dosering','vitamin-c-45','<p><strong><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; For lidt</strong></strong> Vitamin C</strong></p>\r\n<p>Vitamin C Vitamin C er en biologisk antioksidant, men har også andre vigtige funktioner i organismen.</p>\r\n<p>Indholdet af vitamin C i foder til heste er ofte ukendt. Heste (i lighed med mange andre dyr) ser ud til at kunne danne vitamin C fra glukose. Vitamin C behovet hos hesten er ikke defineret så godt som de andre vitaminer som er med i PC-Horse. Selv om hesten normalt selv producerer tilstrækkelige mængder vitamin C, er det almindeligt at tilsætte vitaminet i kraftfoder og i mineral- og vitaminblandinger.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 51px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 51px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 51px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 51px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-19 10:43:20',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,183,'','',1,413,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(4433,5204,'Biotin dosering','biotin-45','<p><strong><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; For lidt</strong></strong> Biotin </strong></p>\r\n<p>Biotin findes i mange foderemner som indgår i almindelige rationer.</p>\r\n<p>Eksempler på biotinindhold er: Alfalfa hø (0,2 mg/kg TS), Havre (0,1-0,4 mg/kg TS), Byg (0,13-0,17 mg/kg TS). Biotin er et af de mest almindelige B-vitaminer.</p>\r\n<p>Der er endnu ikke fastsat eksakte behov for biotin. PC-Horse angiver derfor bare hvilke mængder som tilføres med foderet, og kan ikke advare om underskud eller overskud af biotin i rationen.</p>\r\n<p>Normalt produceres tilstrækkeligt med biotin til at dække hestens behov fra mikroberne i tarmkanalen. Biotin rapporteres at kunne have positiv virkning på normal hov-vækst og på reparation af skader i hovens horn. Man må da give relativt store mængder biotin (10-30 mg/dag) i perioder av 7-9 måneder.</p>\r\n<p>Mange kraftfoderblandinger og mineral- og vitaminblandinger har fået tilsat ekstra biotin. Der findes også specialtilskud med særlig højt indhold av biotin på markedet.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-19 10:42:29',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,182,'','',1,398,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(4434,5205,'Fiber dosering','fibre-45','<p>Fiber. Hesten er en græsæder og dens fordøjelsessystem er tilpasset en foderration med meget grovfoder, det vil sige meget græs og urter enten friskt eller som hø eller wrap . Grovfoder er rigt på fiber og hesten gar et stort behov for fiber i rationen for at tarmsystemet skal fungere. Groft sagt kan vi dele hestens fordøjelsessystem ind i to dele. I mave og tyndtarm finder vi enzymer som fordøjer stivelse, sukker, protein og fedt. Længere bag i blindtarm og tyktarm er der mikrober som protozoer, bakterier og gær som nedbryder det tungt fordøjelige fiber til korte fedtsyrer som så kan absorberes og udnyttes til energi. Hos heste som får grovfoderrige rationer vil en væsentlig del af energibehovet dækkes gennem tarmmikrobenes nedbryding af fiber. Mikrobiel fordøjelse af fiber med produktion af korte flygtige fedtsyrer påvirker ikke hestens blodsukker og insulinproduktion. Grovfoder med højt fiberindhold er derfor en vigtig del af hestens foderration</p>\r\n<p>Fiberrige fodertyper kræver meget tygning og betyder derfor at hesten bruger lang tid på at æde. Dette er vigtigt for hestens velvære og trivsel og fører til øget spytproduktion, noget som kan være med til at reducere faren for mavesår. Vi siger at hesten har behov for en vis mængde grovfoder i rationen.</p>\r\n<p>Dette opgives som 1,5 kg hø per 100 kg kropsvægt. Hvis vi bruger wrap må vi korrigere for et højere vandinhold (lavere tørstofindhold, TS). Dette gøres enkelt ud fra formelen:</p>\r\n<p>Hø, kg x 85<br />------------------------------------- = Wrap, kg<br />TS indhold, % i Wrap</p>\r\n<p>Eksempel: En hest på 500 kg får 7,5 kg hø pr dag. Hvor meget wrap med TS 60 % må den får for at dette skal svare til tørstofindholdet i 7,5 kg hø?</p>\r\n<p>7,5 kg hø x 85<br />------------------------------------- = 10,6 kg wrap<br />60</p>\r\n<p>Fiberindholdet i grovfoder kan variere meget ud fra planteart og botanisk udvikling. Når planterne bliver høstet tidlig er fiberindholdet ikke så højt, men det har høj næringsværdi. Bliver planterne høstet senere er fiberindholdet højere, men en øget mængde lignin gør, at næringsværdien reduceres.</p>\r\n<p>Til forskellige typer heste må vi derfor vurdere hvilke grovfoderkvaliteter som passer bedst. I PC-Horse beregner vi rationens mængde af fiber som træstof(eng: Crude fibre, Sv: växttråd). I almindeligt hø eller wrap finder vi ca 300 gram træstof pr kg tørt materiale (TS). Det vil være noget lavere for tidlig høstet materiale og højere for sent høstet. PC-Horse beregner at hesten skal have mindst 3 gram fiber pr kg kropsvægt daglig, og gerne mere.</p>\r\n<p>Dette svarer til omtrent de grovfodermængder som er nævnt i denne artikel. Der findes flere analysemetoder for fiber og det er vigtig at man ikke vælger f.eks NDF (non-detergent fiber) da dette vil give dobbelt så høje værdier som træstof.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-19 10:41:40',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,181,'','',1,451,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(4435,5206,'Stivelse dosering','starch-45','<p>Hvis du har fået advarsel om for meget stivelse i et måltid bør du fordele kraftfoderet anderledes i dagsrationen, eller indføre flere måltider. Du kan også forsøge at erstatte noget af kraftfoderet med grovfoder (Hø, Wrap, betfoder) af god kvalitet. Nedenfor kan du læse mere om stivelse og hvordan denne foderkomponent fordøjes hos hesten. Stivelse i hestens ration. Stivelse er et kulhydrat som findes i planternes frø og rødder, for eksempel i korn og kartofler, og er en energireserve (oplagsnæring) for planterne. Dyr bruger til sammenligning hovedsagelig fedt som energireserve. Stivelse er den mest energirige del af kornet. I rationer til heste kommer stivelsen fra korn og kraftfoderblandinger. Indholdet af stivelse i havre og byg er ca 500 g pr kilo (50% af vægten), og det er noget højere i byg end i havre.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Fordøjelse af stivelse hos hesten.</strong><br />Vi ønsker at mest mulig af stivelsen skal fordøjes og absorberes i tyndtarmen, eftersom stivelse som ikke bliver fordøjet i tyndtarmen vil passere videre til blindtarmen, hvor stivelsen let giver anledning til ubalanse i mikrobefloraen og kan føre til fald i pH-værdi og reduceret fordøjelse af fiberholdig foder.</p>\r\n<p>Stivelsen varierer noget i struktur mellem kornartene. Stivelsen i havre er lettere fordøjelig end stivelse fra byg og majs. Dette har praktisk betydning for hesten, eftersom hesten kan fordøje mere havrestivelse i tyndtarmen end stivelse fra andre kornarter. Når byg og majs behandles med tryk og varme, som det er almindeligt at gøre ved produktion af kraftfoderblandinger, bliver stivelsen imidlertid lettere fordøjelig og mere lig havrestivelsen, og mere bliver absorberet fra tyndtarmen.</p>\r\n<p>Efter at stivelsen er spaltet af flere enzymer i tyndtarmen absorberes den til blodet som glukose (blodsukker). Et måltid med kraftfoder vil derfor i nogen timer give hesten forhøjet blodsukker. Blodets indhold af glukose reguleres gennem udskillelse af insulin som fremmer lagring af glukosen i form av glykogen i lever og muskler.</p>\r\n<p>Glykogen er et vigtigt energilager for hesten, og mobiliseres hurtigt ved behov, for eksempel ved hård træning og konkurrencer. Hesten er følsom for store variationer i blodsukkeret. Enkelte heste, særlig ponyer, kan have problemer med å regulere blodsukkeret (insulinresistens). Nogen heste kan også reagere med at blive ”lidt varme” dersom blodsukkeret stiger hurtigt (heating). Vi bør derfor have kontrol med hvor meget stivelse den enkelte hest indtager pr måltid. Anbefaling. På grund af sine egenskaber er stivelse både en vigtig energikilde i hestens ration, og en komponent som kan give uheldige reaktioner i organismen. Vi ønsker hverken at for meget stivelse kommer ufordøjet til blindtarmen, eller at stivelsen bliver alt for let fordøjelig, sådan, at der kommer en for hurtig blodsukkerstigning. Det er derfor vigtig at gøre sig bekendt med rationens indhold af stivelse, og sikre en fordøjelse af stivelsen som balancerer med de to nævnte effekter. Det kan vi gøre ved at kontrollere at mængden af stivelse som gives i hvert enkelt måltid er indenfor anbefalet grænse.</p>\r\n<p>Til normale raske heste anbefaler vi, at et enkelt måltid ikke bør indeholde mere stivelse end 1,5 gram pr kg kropsvægt. Det vil sige at en hest som vejer 500 kg ikke bør få mere end ca 750 gram stivelse pr fodring. Eftersom kraftfoderblandinger og korn indeholder 400 - 500 gram stivelse pr kg bør vi derfor ikke give mere end ca.1,5 kg korn eller kraftfoderblanding pr måltid i dette eksempel. Hvis hesten har behov for meget kraftfoder på grund af hård træning eller konkurrence anbefaler vi derfor at øge antal fodringer pr dag, eller ændre fordelingen af kraftfoder mellem fodringer, hvis mængden af stivelse pr måltid bliver for høj. I PC-Horse kan du fordele foderet i hestens ration på flere måltider. Du vil da få en tydelig advarsel hvis mængden af stivelse i et eller flere måltider overskrider de anbefalede grænser.</p>\r\n<p>Til heste som har problemer med reguleringen af blodsukkeret, eller let får ”tying up” symptomer eller nyreslag, forfangenhed , vil det være gunstig at give mindre stivelse pr måltid end det som er anbefalet (1,5 g/kg kropsvægt). Du kan da i stedet give fedt i form af vegetabilsk olie som energitilskud, og dermed reducere mængden af korn eller kraftfoderblanding i rationen, uden at give hesten for lidt energi.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-19 10:40:56',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,180,'','',1,611,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(4436,5207,'Sukker dosering','sugar-45','<p><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; For lidt</strong> </strong></strong></strong> Socker</strong></p>\r\n<p>Sukker i foder analyseres efter flere metoder, men den almindeligste kaldes Total-sukker og måler de enkelte sukkerarter som glukose, fruktose og sukrose. I almindeligt hø er sukkerindholdet ca 100 gram pr kg, men variationen kan være betydelig. I wrap vil en del av det oprindelige sukker være brugt op under ensileringen og indholdet er derfor oftest noget lavere end i hø. I korn og kraftfoder er sukkerindholdet lavt hvis ikke kraftfoderet er tilsat melasse. Typisk sukkerindhold i havre og byg er ca 18 - 20 gram pr kg.</p>\r\n<p>Sukker mængderne som findes i hø og wrap giver sjældent problemer hos heste. Optagelsen af grovfoder fordeler sig over flere timer af døgnet. Sukkeret absorberes derfor over lang tid i tyndtarmen og fører ikke til store svingninger i blodsukker hos hesten.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; For meget Socker<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Til heste som har problemer med sukkerreguleringen eller er insulinresistente kan det alligevel være en fordel at have grovfoder som er lavt i sukker. Fodertyper som er tilsat melasse vil have et højere indhold af sukker, f.eks melasserede roesnitter (Betfôr). I græs er fruktaner en vigtig oplagsnæring. Fruktanerne er komplekse molekyler (polysakkarider), som hesten mangler enzymer til at fordøje i tyndtarmen, således som den gør med stivelse og enkle sukkerarter.</p>\r\n<p>Fruktan tansporteres derfor gennem tyndtarmen til blindtarmen hvor de nedbrydes af tarmmikroberne. Hvis fruktan mængderne bliver for store kan det på samme måde som for store stivelsesmængder blive ubalanse i mikrobepopulationen og uheldige gæringsforhold i blindtarmen. Dette kan hos nogle heste føre til forfangenhed. Det er derfor vigtigt at hestene vænnes gradvist til græsning, og at tiden på græs reguleres for heste som er særligt følsomme. Mængden af fruktan i græs varierer med græsart og vækstbetingelser.</p>\r\n<p>I kolde perioder vil fruktanindholdet kunne være højere end i varme perioder. På varme solrige sommerdage er dette ikke et problem. På forsommeren og efterår, i perioder med kolde nætter og morgener kan fruktanindholdet i græsset blive særlig højt. Det er derfor god grund til at have ekstra opmærksomhed på hestens reaktioner på græsset i kølige perioder, særlig tidlig og sent i afgræsningssæsonnen . Siden fruktanindholdet i græsset varierer så meget, er det ikke særlig nyttigt at analysere for fruktaner. Der er imidlertid væsentlig forskel på hvor meget fruktan de forskellige græsarter og sorter producerer. Folk som selv dyrker græs kan ved køb af frøblanding lægge vægt på at få græsfrø som har moderat fruktaninnhold.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-19 10:40:10',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,179,'','',1,547,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(4437,5208,'Fedt dosering','fat-45','<p><strong><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; For lidt Fedt<br /></strong></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>De mest almindelige fodertyper til hest indeholder lidt fedt. I grovfoder som hø og wrap er fedtindholdet oftest ca 10-15 gram (fordøjelig) fedt pr kg tørt materiale. I byg er indholdet af fedt ca. 20 gram pr kg og i havre cat 50 gram pr kg. Fedt i form af vegetabilsk olie kan være et vigtigt energitilskud i rationen, særlig til heste som har problemer med reguleringen af sukker og derfor må have mindst mulig stivelseholdigt kraftfoder eller sukker i rationen.</p>\r\n<p>Fedt i rationen påvirker i lille grad blodsukkeret og kan derfor bruges til heste som let kan blive forfangne eller har problemer med ”Tying up” symptomer eller nyreslag. Hesten fordøjer fint fedt når det gives i moderate mængder. Hvis vi gir vegetabilsk olie i rationen regner vi med, at det er uproblematisk at give op til 1.0 deciliter olie (0,10 kg) pr 100 kg kropsvægt. Det vil sige at vi til en hest på 500 kg kan give 0,5 liter pr dag. Dette bør deles på mindst to måltider.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; For meget Fedt<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Hesten er ikke specielt glad for vegetabilsk olie. Vi må derfor blande olien i noget som hesten kan lide godt, f.eks i kraftfoderet.</p>\r\n<p>Fedt er energirigt og vi kan regne at vegetabilsk olie indeholder ca tre gange så meget energi som almindeligt korn og kraftfoderblandinger. Det vil sige at 0,3 kg olie har næsten samme energiværdi som 1 kg kraftfoder.</p>\r\n<p><br />&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-19 10:39:28',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,178,'','',1,423,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(4438,5209,'Katjon-Anjon balance','dcab-45','<p>Rationens Kation-Anion balance. Alle dyr behøver tilført en række mineraler i rationen for at kroppen skal fungere. Takket være snart 100 års ernæringsforskning ved vi meget om hvilke mængder hestenhar brug for at få tilført af det enkelte mineral - enten det er natrium (i salt), kalium eller jod. Vi ved for eksempel at det er sjældent hesten mangler kalium, eftersom planter er rige på dette mineral. Natrium, derimod, er det lidt af i forhold til de mængder dyrene behøver. Dette forklarer at vi må give salttilskud, men ikke kaliumtilskud. Eftersom natrium og kalium optræder som positive ioner (Kationer), dvs. at de har elektrisk ladning, følges de altid af negative ioner (Anioner), siden foderet som helhed ikke er elektrisk ladet. Alligevel er det vigtigt at de absolutte mængder af natrium, kalium, klor og svovl, er i balance i forhold til ionerne r hestens stofskifte. Særlig for sportsheste kan det være grund tilat passe på at rationen ikke har en ubalance som kan virke forsurende på stofskiftet. Hos heste som får store kraftfoderrationer kan dette være tilfældet. Rationer som virker forsurende har en negativ værdi for Kation-Anion balancen. Rationer med en positiv kation-anion balanse modvirker således denne forsuring. Derfor har dette område fået større opmærksomhed på det sidste. Gennem sammensætningen af kraftfoderblandingerne kan foderproducenterne regulere Kation-Anion balancen.</p>\r\n<p>Det er komplicerede fysiologiske forhold som ligger bagved virkningerne af foderets kation-anion balance. Vi har nedenfor, for specielt interesserede, forsøgt at forklare noget af dette. Læs videre hvis du er interesseret i at lære mere! Kroppens syre-base balance påvirkes af indholdet af elektrolytter (særlig kalium, natrium, klorid og sulfat) i den mad vi spiser. Hvis der er ubalance mellem indholdet af natrium og kalium, som er positive ioner, og indholdet af klorid og sulfat, som er negativt ladet, kompenserer kroppen ved at udskille Hydrogenioner (syre) eller Hydrogenkarbonationer (base) i urinen. Dette ser vi ved at urinens pH værdi bliver højere eller lavere end blodets pH værdi. Ændringer i urinens pH foregår gennem hele døgnet, og er en central del af kroppens syre-base regulering,</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"http://res.pc-horse.com/pc-horse_data/images/DCAB-BALANS.jpg\" alt=\"DCAB\" /></p>\r\n<p>Ved at analysere rationens indhold af de nævnte elektrolytter kan vi beregne effekten af dietten på kroppens syre-base balance.</p>\r\n<p>Balancen (differensen) mellem indholdet af positive og negative ioner kaldes rationens Kation-Anion balance, forkortet DCAB eller CAB. Kation-Anionbalansen er altså ikke et næringsstof, men en differens som beregnes på grundlag af rationens indhold af natrium-, kalium-, klorid- og sulfationer. DCAB kan beregnes for et enkelt foder, og for en hel ration, og angives i milliækvivalenter (mEkv). Hvis DCAB er positiv, har rationen eller foder et overskud af kalium og natrium i forhold til klorid og sulfat. En sådan ration vil give en alkalisk reaktion på urinen, som vi almindeligvis finder det hos hest og andre planteædere. Hvis DCAB er negativ, må dyret erstatte underskuddet af natrium og kalium i diætten med H+, og urinen bliver sur. Kødæderere som hund har almindeligvis en diet med negativ DCAB og følgelig en sur urin.</p>\r\n<p>Sportsheste udsættes for betydelige syrebelastninger ved stærk fysisk aktivitet. Det antages for positivt med rationer som kan bidrage til at modvirke en sådan syrebelastning. Det er derfor nu blevet almindeligt at opgive foderets Kation-Anion balance, og sammensætte kraftfoder til sportsheste på en sådan måde at den totale ration har en DCAB-værdi på +200 til +300 mEkv.</p>\r\n<p>I PC-Horse kan du følge med på DCAB værdien for rationen og for det enkelte foder. Der er ikke entydige råd at finde for optimale DCAB-værdier for rationer i litteraturen, men det er ikke ønskeligt med negative eller stærkt negative DCAB-værdier, som blandt andet fører til tap av Calcium fra skelettet hvis rationen bruges over længere tid.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2017-03-21 08:34:34',10,'','2017-12-06 13:43:08',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-03-21 08:34:34','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,177,'','',1,638,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(4439,5210,'Kalium - forkert dosering','potatissum-45a','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/hayeatinghorse.jpg\" alt=\"hayeatinghorse\" />&nbsp; <br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Kalium (K) Almindeligt grovfoder (græs, hø, wrap) er rigt på kalium.</p>\r\n<p>Ved almindelige grovfodermængder vil vi derfor meget sjælden se kaliummangel hos heste. Selv om behovet for kalium til hest er kendt, har vi valgt at undlade kaliumbehovene i programmet, fordi grovfodere under praktiske forhold tilfører et stort overskud af kalium.</p>\r\n<p>Ved ekstrem fysisk aktivitet (langdistanceridning over flere dage og andre hårde konkurrencer) bliver det anbefalet at bruge elektrolyter- (mineral) blandinger med kalium for at erstatte tabet med sved. Melasse fra sukkerrør er også en god kaliumkilde. I planternes celler finnes kalium (K+) sammen med forskellige organiske anioner (ioner med negativ ladning).</p>\r\n<p>Eftersom kalium fra sådanne forbindelser må udskilles med urin og gødning sammen med en anion, almindeligvis bikarbonat (HCO3-), har disse forbindelser en basisk (alkalisk) virkning på urinen. Kaliumindholdet i foderet indgår derfor når PC-Horse beregner Kation-Anion balancen (DCAB) i rationen.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',-2,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-03-27 07:33:46',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,0,'','',1,0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(4440,5211,'Vitamin C - forkert dosering','vitamin-c-45b','<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/vitamin_c-01.png\" alt=\"vitamin c 01\" /></strong></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; For lidt</strong></strong> Vitamin C</strong></p>\r\n<p>Vitamin C Vitamin C er en biologisk antioksidant, men har også andre vigtige funktioner i organismen.</p>\r\n<p>Indholdet af vitamin C i foder til heste er ofte ukendt. Heste (i lighed med mange andre dyr) ser ud til at kunne danne vitamin C fra glukose. Vitamin C behovet hos hesten er ikke defineret så godt som de andre vitaminer som er med i PC-Horse. Selv om hesten normalt selv producerer tilstrækkelige mængder vitamin C, er det almindeligt at tilsætte vitaminet i kraftfoder og i mineral- og vitaminblandinger.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 51px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 51px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 51px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 51px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>','',-2,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-03-27 07:38:39',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,0,'','',1,0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(4441,5212,'Kalsium/Fosfor forhold','capratio-47','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong>Ugunstig forhold mellom kalsium og fosfor</strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Tiltak:</strong> Kontroller mengdene av kalsuim og fosfor. Pass på at totalt innhold av både kalsium og fosfor i rasjonen er tilfredsstillende.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong><strong>Ugunstig forhold mellom kalsium og fosfor</strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Tiltak:</strong> Kontroller mengdene av kalsuim og fosfor. Pass på at totalt innhold av både kalsium og fosfor i rasjonen er tilfredsstillende.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2017-03-27 10:33:22',10,'','2017-12-06 13:39:54',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-03-27 10:33:22','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,176,'','',1,482,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(4442,5214,'Jämför våra olika versioner','comparisons-46-v3','<p>[table {1}]</p>','',1,56,'2017-04-19 11:58:13',10,'','2017-04-19 11:58:13',0,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-04-19 11:58:13','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',1,0,'','',1,1846,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'*',''),(4443,5220,'Kesäkuu 2014 - Siitostammojen kriittinen vaihe (2)','june201424911-4','<hr />\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><em><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><em>The article is written by Dr. Dag Austbø at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences institution. Dr. Dag Austbø and Dr. Knut Hove are two of the key people behind the development of PC-Horse. Their scientific work and international networks contribute to the continued development of PC-Horse and to secure that our calculations are based on established scientific data.</em></span></em></span></p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/misstheboatmedfoal.jpg\" alt=\"misstheboatmedfoal\" width=\"550\" height=\"413\" /></p>\r\n<p><em>Kevät ja aikainen kesä on kriittistä aikaa siitostammoille. Tänä aikana ne varsovat ja maidontuotanto alkaa. Samaan aikaan ne siemennetään uudelleen ja toivottavasti tiinehtyvät. Parhaan tuloksen kuten terveen hyvin kehittyvän varsan ja hyvin maitoa tuottavan siitostamman saavuttamiseksi tulee omistajien huolehtia tasapainoitetusta rehustuksesta ja hyvin sulavasta rehusta.<br /></em></p>\r\n<p>Ravintoaineiden tarve vaihtelee siitostamman elämän eri vaiheiden aikana. Ennen siemennystä tamman ravitsemuksellinen tarve vastaa ylläpitotason tarvetta ellei tammaa valmenneta tai käytetä muuhun työhön. Tiineyden ensimmäisen 7 kuukauden aikana ravintoaineiden tarve lisääntyy hyvin vähän, sillä sikiö kasvaa melko hitaasti tänä aikana. Tiineyden viimeisellä kolmanneksella sikiön kasvu kuitenkin nopeutuu ja ravintoaineiden tarve lisääntyy asteittain tiineyskuukausien 8 - 11 aikana. Tämän seurauksena energiantarve juuri ennen varsomista on noin 30 % korkeampi kuin ylläpitotasolla. Vastaavasti myös muiden ravintoaineiden tarve kasvaa ja valkuaisen, kalsiumin ja fosforin tarve lisääntyy 75 -85 % yli ylläpitotasotarpeen.</p>\r\n<p>Maidontuotanto nousee nopeasti varsomisen jälkeen saavuttaen maksimitason 3-4 viikon jälkeen. Maidontuotannon ollessa korkeimmillaan, tuottaa tamma maitoa päivittäin noin 3 litraa/100 kg elopainoa.&nbsp; Ylläpitotasoon verrattuna on energiantarve nyt kaksinkertainen ja valkuaisen, kalsiumin ja fosforin tarve lähes kolminkertainen. On helppo ymmärtää, että tämä asettaa korkeat vaatimukset rehujen laadulle ja rehutuksen koostumukseen.</p>\r\n<p>Ravitsemuksellinen tila vaikuttaa hedelmällisyyteen.<br />Varsomisen jälkeen tamman tulee tuottaa maitoa varsalleen ja lisäksi saada tarvittava energia tullakseen kiimaan noin 9 päivää varsomisen jälkeen (varsakiima) ja tämän jälkeen uudelleen 30 päivää varsomisesta, jos ei ole tiinehtynyt varsakiimaan.</p>\r\n<p>Jos tamma on laiha tai se ei ole saanut kunnollista rehua varsomisen jälkeen, heikkenee sekä kiiman voimakkuus että tamman kyky kehittää hedelmöittyneestä munasolusta terve sikiö. Tämän vuoksi on tärkeää ruokkia tammaa riittävästi tiineyden lopulla ja pitää tamma sopivassa lihavuuskunnossa varsomishetkellä.</p>\r\n<p>Riittävä energian- ja valkuaisen saanti tulee turvata myös silloin, kun tamma lähetetään oriin luo astutettavaksi. Sekä ravitsemuksellinen että ympäristön aiheuttama stressi vaikuttaa negatiivisesti tamman hedelmällisyyteen. Varsalliset tammat ovat erityisen herkkiä ja helposti stressaavia uudessa ympäristössä. On hyvä nähdä ylimääräistä vaivaa, jotta voi luoda parhaat olosuhteet tammoille ja varsoille, mieluiten laitumella.</p>\r\n<p>Kun tamma ja varsa jätetään kesäksi laitumelle, olettavat useimmat ihmiset laidunruohon kattavan ravintoaineiden tarpeen. On kuitenkin hyvin tärkeää seurata hevosia tarkoin laidunkauden aikana. Ovatko tammat hyvässä lihavuuskunnossa? Onko kasvuston laatu heikkenemässä tai määrä vähenemässä? Siitostammoilla ja varsoilla on korkea ravintoaineiden tarve ja nillä tulee olla parhaat laitumet ja lisäksi vapaasti tarjolla oleva suolakivi, usein hivenainelisällä.</p>\r\n<p>Käytä PC-Horsea tasapainottamaan tamman ruokinta<br />Tamman ravintoaineiden tarve vaihtelee vuoden aikana. PC-Horse ohjelma auttaa suuresti siitotammojen ravintoainetasapainon varmistamisessa. Kun lisäät astutuspäivämäärän, pitää PC-Horse huolta tiineyden etenemisestä ja laskee ravintoaineiden tarpeen tätä vastaavasti. Varsomisen jälkeen tulee muistaa muuttaa tamman määritelmä tiineestä imettäväksi ja lisätä varsomispäivämäärä. Tämän jälkeen PC-Horse laskee tamman ravintoainetarpeen oletetun maidontuotantomäärän mukaisesti ja voit muuttaa ruokintaa vaihtelevien olosuhteiden mukaan.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p><strong>What does this mean in practice?</strong><br />Daily intake of roughage varies based on feed quality, production classes, individual appetite and each individual\'s place in the herd hierarchy. This means that we must observe horses in a herd closely and make corrections to the feed offered each individual at night-time or early morning to avoid some individuals growing too fat or too thin.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/manual/demos\"><strong><strong>Watch a video on using PC-Horse</strong></strong></a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/news/new-feedlist\"><strong>See what feeds are included in the program´s ready-to-go feed list</strong></a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/articles/topic-of-the-month/other-topics\"><strong>Previous month articles can be found here</strong></a></p>\r\n<p><em><strong>Give us topic suggestions for future monthly articles</strong></em></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/PCHlogo-Science.jpg\" alt=\"PCHlogo-Science\" width=\"165\" height=\"64\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp; <span class=\"article_separator\"><br /></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',0,616,'2014-03-18 09:29:06',62,'','2017-04-25 08:47:27',0,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2014-05-31 22:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',1,7,'broodmare feeding, feeding the broodmare','Spring and early summer are a critical period for broodmares. During this time, they give birth and start lactation (milk production). In the same period, they are also covered again and hopefully become pregnant. To obtain the best of results, i.e. a healthy foal with good overall development, and a broodmare that milks well and becomes pregnant again when covered, owners must provide a well-balanced and highly digestible ration.',1,0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fi-FI',''),(4444,5221,'Siitostammojen kriittinen vaihe','may2017-fi','<hr />\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><em><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><em>The article is written by Dr. Dag Austbø at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences institution. Dr. Dag Austbø and Dr. Knut Hove are two of the key people behind the development of PC-Horse. Their scientific work and international networks contribute to the continued development of PC-Horse and to secure that our calculations are based on established scientific data.</em></span></em></span></p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/misstheboatmedfoal.jpg\" alt=\"misstheboatmedfoal\" width=\"550\" height=\"413\" /></p>\r\n<p><em>Kevät ja aikainen kesä on kriittistä aikaa siitostammoille. Tänä aikana ne varsovat ja maidontuotanto alkaa. Samaan aikaan ne siemennetään uudelleen ja toivottavasti tiinehtyvät. Parhaan tuloksen kuten terveen hyvin kehittyvän varsan ja hyvin maitoa tuottavan siitostamman saavuttamiseksi tulee omistajien huolehtia tasapainoitetusta rehustuksesta ja hyvin sulavasta rehusta.<br /></em></p>\r\n<p>Ravintoaineiden tarve vaihtelee siitostamman elämän eri vaiheiden aikana. Ennen siemennystä tamman ravitsemuksellinen tarve vastaa ylläpitotason tarvetta ellei tammaa valmenneta tai käytetä muuhun työhön. Tiineyden ensimmäisen 7 kuukauden aikana ravintoaineiden tarve lisääntyy hyvin vähän, sillä sikiö kasvaa melko hitaasti tänä aikana. Tiineyden viimeisellä kolmanneksella sikiön kasvu kuitenkin nopeutuu ja ravintoaineiden tarve lisääntyy asteittain tiineyskuukausien 8 - 11 aikana. Tämän seurauksena energiantarve juuri ennen varsomista on noin 30 % korkeampi kuin ylläpitotasolla. Vastaavasti myös muiden ravintoaineiden tarve kasvaa ja valkuaisen, kalsiumin ja fosforin tarve lisääntyy 75 -85 % yli ylläpitotasotarpeen.</p>\r\n<p>Maidontuotanto nousee nopeasti varsomisen jälkeen saavuttaen maksimitason 3-4 viikon jälkeen. Maidontuotannon ollessa korkeimmillaan, tuottaa tamma maitoa päivittäin noin 3 litraa/100 kg elopainoa.&nbsp; Ylläpitotasoon verrattuna on energiantarve nyt kaksinkertainen ja valkuaisen, kalsiumin ja fosforin tarve lähes kolminkertainen. On helppo ymmärtää, että tämä asettaa korkeat vaatimukset rehujen laadulle ja rehutuksen koostumukseen.</p>\r\n<p>Ravitsemuksellinen tila vaikuttaa hedelmällisyyteen.<br />Varsomisen jälkeen tamman tulee tuottaa maitoa varsalleen ja lisäksi saada tarvittava energia tullakseen kiimaan noin 9 päivää varsomisen jälkeen (varsakiima) ja tämän jälkeen uudelleen 30 päivää varsomisesta, jos ei ole tiinehtynyt varsakiimaan.</p>\r\n<p>Jos tamma on laiha tai se ei ole saanut kunnollista rehua varsomisen jälkeen, heikkenee sekä kiiman voimakkuus että tamman kyky kehittää hedelmöittyneestä munasolusta terve sikiö. Tämän vuoksi on tärkeää ruokkia tammaa riittävästi tiineyden lopulla ja pitää tamma sopivassa lihavuuskunnossa varsomishetkellä.</p>\r\n<p>Riittävä energian- ja valkuaisen saanti tulee turvata myös silloin, kun tamma lähetetään oriin luo astutettavaksi. Sekä ravitsemuksellinen että ympäristön aiheuttama stressi vaikuttaa negatiivisesti tamman hedelmällisyyteen. Varsalliset tammat ovat erityisen herkkiä ja helposti stressaavia uudessa ympäristössä. On hyvä nähdä ylimääräistä vaivaa, jotta voi luoda parhaat olosuhteet tammoille ja varsoille, mieluiten laitumella.</p>\r\n<p>Kun tamma ja varsa jätetään kesäksi laitumelle, olettavat useimmat ihmiset laidunruohon kattavan ravintoaineiden tarpeen. On kuitenkin hyvin tärkeää seurata hevosia tarkoin laidunkauden aikana. Ovatko tammat hyvässä lihavuuskunnossa? Onko kasvuston laatu heikkenemässä tai määrä vähenemässä? Siitostammoilla ja varsoilla on korkea ravintoaineiden tarve ja nillä tulee olla parhaat laitumet ja lisäksi vapaasti tarjolla oleva suolakivi, usein hivenainelisällä.</p>\r\n<p>Käytä PC-Horsea tasapainottamaan tamman ruokinta<br />Tamman ravintoaineiden tarve vaihtelee vuoden aikana. PC-Horse ohjelma auttaa suuresti siitotammojen ravintoainetasapainon varmistamisessa. Kun lisäät astutuspäivämäärän, pitää PC-Horse huolta tiineyden etenemisestä ja laskee ravintoaineiden tarpeen tätä vastaavasti. Varsomisen jälkeen tulee muistaa muuttaa tamman määritelmä tiineestä imettäväksi ja lisätä varsomispäivämäärä. Tämän jälkeen PC-Horse laskee tamman ravintoainetarpeen oletetun maidontuotantomäärän mukaisesti ja voit muuttaa ruokintaa vaihtelevien olosuhteiden mukaan.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p><strong>What does this mean in practice?</strong><br />Daily intake of roughage varies based on feed quality, production classes, individual appetite and each individual\'s place in the herd hierarchy. This means that we must observe horses in a herd closely and make corrections to the feed offered each individual at night-time or early morning to avoid some individuals growing too fat or too thin.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/manual/demos\"><strong><strong>Watch a video on using PC-Horse</strong></strong></a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/news/new-feedlist\"><strong>See what feeds are included in the program´s ready-to-go feed list</strong></a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/articles/topic-of-the-month/other-topics\"><strong>Previous month articles can be found here</strong></a></p>\r\n<p><em><strong>Give us topic suggestions for future monthly articles</strong></em></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/PCHlogo-Science.jpg\" alt=\"PCHlogo-Science\" width=\"165\" height=\"64\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp; <span class=\"article_separator\"><br /></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2014-03-18 09:29:06',62,'','2017-09-05 10:14:02',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-05-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,49,'broodmare feeding, feeding the broodmare','Spring and early summer are a critical period for broodmares. During this time, they give birth and start lactation (milk production). In the same period, they are also covered again and hopefully become pregnant. To obtain the best of results, i.e. a healthy foal with good overall development, and a broodmare that milks well and becomes pregnant again when covered, owners must provide a well-balanced and highly digestible ration.',1,600,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fi-FI',''),(4445,5222,'A critical period for broodmares','may2017-nl','<hr />\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><em><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><em>The article is written by Dr. Dag Austbø at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences institution. Dr. Dag Austbø and Dr. Knut Hove are two of the key people behind the development of PC-Horse. Their scientific work and international networks contribute to the continued development of PC-Horse and to secure that our calculations are based on established scientific data.</em></span></em></span></p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/misstheboatmedfoal.jpg\" alt=\"misstheboatmedfoal\" width=\"550\" height=\"413\" /></p>\r\n<p><em>Spring and early summer are a critical period for broodmares. During this time, they give birth and start lactation (milk production). In the same period, they are also covered again and hopefully become pregnant. To obtain the best of results, i.e. a healthy foal with good overall development, and a broodmare that milks well and becomes pregnant again when covered, owners must provide a well-balanced and highly digestible ration.</em></p>\r\n<p>Nutritional needs change during the different phases of a broodmare\'s life. Before the first mating, the mare\'s nutritional requirements are similar to maintenance requirements if she is not in training or any type of work. In pregnancy, nutritional needs increase very little over the first 7 months, due to a comparatively low fetal growth rate during this period. During the final third period of pregnancy, however, fetal growth speeds up and nutrient requirements increase gradually from the 8th to the 11th month. This means that energy requirement immediately prior to foaling is about 30 percent higher than for maintenance. Similarly, the need for other nutrients increases, and the requirements for protein, calcium and phosphorus all increase to between 75 and 85 percent above maintenance requirements.</p>\r\n<p>After foaling, milk production increases rapidly and will reach a maximum after 3-4 weeks. At peak of lactation a mare will produce about 3 litres of milk per 100 kg body weight per day. Compared with maintenance requirements, energy requirement is now doubled, and the requirement for protein, calcium and phosphorus increases nearly three times. It is easy to understand that this places very high demands on the quality and composition of the ration.</p>\r\n<p>Fertility is affected by nutritional status.<br />After foaling the mare must produce milk for the foal, and should in addition have the energy required to come directly into estrus after about 9 days (the foal heat) and then again after 30 days if not conceiving during the foal heat.</p>\r\n<p>If the mare is thin or not fed properly after foaling, both estrus strength and also the mare\'s ability to keep a fertilized egg and develop a healthy fetus will become affected. It is therefore important to feed adequately during the latter stages of pregnancy, and thus have a broodmare with good body condition at foaling.</p>\r\n<p>Adequate intake of energy and protein should also be secured when the mare is sent to the stallion for mating. Both nutritional and environmental stress are negatives for a mare\'s fertility. Mares with foals are particularly susceptible and are easily stressed in a new environment. We have to put extra effort into creating the best possible environment for mares and their foals, preferably out on good pastures.</p>\r\n<p>Once the mare and foal are let out on pasture for the summer, most people expect that the pasture grass will cover the nutritional needs. However, it remains very important to keep a close watch during the grazing season. Are the mares maintaining good condition? Is the quality and amount of grass decreasing? Broodmares and foals have substantial nutritional needs and should be offered the best of pastures with access to a salt lick, usually one with additional extra minerals.</p>\r\n<p>Use PC-Horse to balance your mare\'s ration<br />As noted, a mare\'s nutritional requirements will change throughout the year. To ensure a good nutritional status for broodmares, the PC-Horse program will help greatly. When you enter the date of mating, PC-Horse will keep track of the stages of pregnancy and calculate nutritional requirements accordingly. After foaling, you should remember to redefine the mare from pregnant to lactating and register the foaling date. This will enable PC-Horse to calculate nutritional requirements according to the mare\'s estimated milk production, and you will be able to adjust your feeding to changing conditions.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p><strong>What does this mean in practice?</strong><br />Daily intake of roughage varies based on feed quality, production classes, individual appetite and each individual\'s place in the herd hierarchy. This means that we must observe horses in a herd closely and make corrections to the feed offered each individual at night-time or early morning to avoid some individuals growing too fat or too thin.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/manual/demos\"><strong><strong>Watch a video on using PC-Horse</strong></strong></a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/news/new-feedlist\"><strong>See what feeds are included in the program´s ready-to-go feed list</strong></a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/articles/topic-of-the-month/other-topics\"><strong>Previous month articles can be found here</strong></a></p>\r\n<p><em><strong>Give us topic suggestions for future monthly articles</strong></em></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/PCHlogo-Science.jpg\" alt=\"PCHlogo-Science\" width=\"165\" height=\"64\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp; <span class=\"article_separator\"><br /></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 115px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2014-03-18 09:29:06',62,'','2017-09-05 10:13:38',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-05-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,45,'broodmare feeding, feeding the broodmare','Spring and early summer are a critical period for broodmares. During this time, they give birth and start lactation (milk production). In the same period, they are also covered again and hopefully become pregnant. To obtain the best of results, i.e. a healthy foal with good overall development, and a broodmare that milks well and becomes pregnant again when covered, owners must provide a well-balanced and highly digestible ration.',1,707,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(4446,5223,'A critical period for broodmares','may2017-de','<hr />\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><em><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><em>The article is written by Dr. Dag Austbø at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences institution. Dr. Dag Austbø and Dr. Knut Hove are two of the key people behind the development of PC-Horse. Their scientific work and international networks contribute to the continued development of PC-Horse and to secure that our calculations are based on established scientific data.</em></span></em></span></p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/misstheboatmedfoal.jpg\" alt=\"misstheboatmedfoal\" width=\"550\" height=\"413\" /></p>\r\n<p><em>Spring and early summer are a critical period for broodmares. During this time, they give birth and start lactation (milk production). In the same period, they are also covered again and hopefully become pregnant. To obtain the best of results, i.e. a healthy foal with good overall development, and a broodmare that milks well and becomes pregnant again when covered, owners must provide a well-balanced and highly digestible ration.</em></p>\r\n<p>Nutritional needs change during the different phases of a broodmare\'s life. Before the first mating, the mare\'s nutritional requirements are similar to maintenance requirements if she is not in training or any type of work. In pregnancy, nutritional needs increase very little over the first 7 months, due to a comparatively low fetal growth rate during this period. During the final third period of pregnancy, however, fetal growth speeds up and nutrient requirements increase gradually from the 8th to the 11th month. This means that energy requirement immediately prior to foaling is about 30 percent higher than for maintenance. Similarly, the need for other nutrients increases, and the requirements for protein, calcium and phosphorus all increase to between 75 and 85 percent above maintenance requirements.</p>\r\n<p>After foaling, milk production increases rapidly and will reach a maximum after 3-4 weeks. At peak of lactation a mare will produce about 3 litres of milk per 100 kg body weight per day. Compared with maintenance requirements, energy requirement is now doubled, and the requirement for protein, calcium and phosphorus increases nearly three times. It is easy to understand that this places very high demands on the quality and composition of the ration.</p>\r\n<p>Fertility is affected by nutritional status.<br />After foaling the mare must produce milk for the foal, and should in addition have the energy required to come directly into estrus after about 9 days (the foal heat) and then again after 30 days if not conceiving during the foal heat.</p>\r\n<p>If the mare is thin or not fed properly after foaling, both estrus strength and also the mare\'s ability to keep a fertilized egg and develop a healthy fetus will become affected. It is therefore important to feed adequately during the latter stages of pregnancy, and thus have a broodmare with good body condition at foaling.</p>\r\n<p>Adequate intake of energy and protein should also be secured when the mare is sent to the stallion for mating. Both nutritional and environmental stress are negatives for a mare\'s fertility. Mares with foals are particularly susceptible and are easily stressed in a new environment. We have to put extra effort into creating the best possible environment for mares and their foals, preferably out on good pastures.</p>\r\n<p>Once the mare and foal are let out on pasture for the summer, most people expect that the pasture grass will cover the nutritional needs. However, it remains very important to keep a close watch during the grazing season. Are the mares maintaining good condition? Is the quality and amount of grass decreasing? Broodmares and foals have substantial nutritional needs and should be offered the best of pastures with access to a salt lick, usually one with additional extra minerals.</p>\r\n<p>Use PC-Horse to balance your mare\'s ration<br />As noted, a mare\'s nutritional requirements will change throughout the year. To ensure a good nutritional status for broodmares, the PC-Horse program will help greatly. When you enter the date of mating, PC-Horse will keep track of the stages of pregnancy and calculate nutritional requirements accordingly. After foaling, you should remember to redefine the mare from pregnant to lactating and register the foaling date. This will enable PC-Horse to calculate nutritional requirements according to the mare\'s estimated milk production, and you will be able to adjust your feeding to changing conditions.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p><strong>What does this mean in practice?</strong><br />Daily intake of roughage varies based on feed quality, production classes, individual appetite and each individual\'s place in the herd hierarchy. This means that we must observe horses in a herd closely and make corrections to the feed offered each individual at night-time or early morning to avoid some individuals growing too fat or too thin.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/manual/demos\"><strong><strong>Watch a video on using PC-Horse</strong></strong></a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/news/new-feedlist\"><strong>See what feeds are included in the program´s ready-to-go feed list</strong></a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/articles/topic-of-the-month/other-topics\"><strong>Previous month articles can be found here</strong></a></p>\r\n<p><em><strong>Give us topic suggestions for future monthly articles</strong></em></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/PCHlogo-Science.jpg\" alt=\"PCHlogo-Science\" width=\"165\" height=\"64\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp; <span class=\"article_separator\"><br /></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2014-03-18 09:29:06',62,'','2017-09-05 10:13:15',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-05-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,39,'broodmare feeding, feeding the broodmare','Spring and early summer are a critical period for broodmares. During this time, they give birth and start lactation (milk production). In the same period, they are also covered again and hopefully become pregnant. To obtain the best of results, i.e. a healthy foal with good overall development, and a broodmare that milks well and becomes pregnant again when covered, owners must provide a well-balanced and highly digestible ration.',1,507,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(4447,5224,'En viktig tid för avelstoet ','may2017-sv','<p>Våren, och försommaren, är en viktig tid för avelsstona. Under denna period går de från att vara högdräktiga till, att efter fölning, bli lakterande (mjölkproducerande). Under samma tid ska de även betäckas på nytt och förhoppningsvis bli dräktiga igen. Detta ställer stora krav på utfodringen om resultatet ska blir som bäst, det vill säga att man får ett stort friskt föl och ett avelsto som mjölkar bra och som blir dräktig igen vid betäckningen.</p>\r\n<p>Näringsbehovet ändrar sig genom de olika faserna i ett avelstos liv. Före stoets första betäckning är hennes näringsbehov ungefär som underhållsbehovet eftersom hon varken tränas eller deltar i någon speciell aktivitet. När hon blivit dräktig ökar näringsbehovet tämligen blygsamt under de första 7 månaderna av dräktigheten som en följd av att fostertillväxten är relativt liten under denna period. Men, under sista tredjedelen av dräktigheten växer fostret kraftigt och näringsbehovet ökar gradvis från 8:e till 11:e dräktighetsmånaden. Det innebär att energibehovet är runt 30% högre än underhållsbehovet under sista tiden före fölning. Dessutom ökar behovet av andra näringsämnen. T.ex behöver stoet tillföras 75 - 80% över underhållsbehovet när det gäller protein, kalcium och fosfor.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/misstheboatmedfoal.jpg\" alt=\"misstheboatmedfoal\" width=\"550\" height=\"413\" /></p>\r\n<p><em>Foto:</em> <span style=\"background-color: #ffffff; font-size: 13px;\"><em>Miss The Boat </em></span><em>gick till avel efter en framgångsrik tävlingskarriär. Ägs idag av HorseNature KB som använder PC-Horse för att göra foderstater i sin uppfödning av fullblodshästar till galoppen.<br /></em></p>\r\n<p>Efter fölningen startar mjölkproduktionen för att vara på topp efter 3 - 4 veckor. Ett avelsto under topplaktation mjölkar ca 3 liter per 100 kg kroppsvikt. Det är en betydande produktion som ökar stoets näringsbehov väsentligt. Jämfört med undershållsbehovdet har nu energibehovet fördubblats, och behovet av protein, kalcium och fosfor har ökat till nästan det tredubbla. Då behöver man inte vara någon Einstein för att begripa att detta ställer krav på hur fodergivan måste anpassas och sättas samman.</p>\r\n<p>Efter fölningen ska du nu inte endast ta hänsyn till att stoet ska procucera mjölk till fölet, hon ska även ha ett överskott i näringsbalansen för att komma i normal brunst redan efter cirka 9 dagar (fölbrunsten) och därefter igen efter 30 dagar (månadsbrunsten). Det vill säga att kort tid efter det att stoet har fölat ska hon vara klar för betäckning. Om fölningen gåt bra och om stoet är i god form kan man då betäcka efter mellan 9 - 11 dagar. Har det varit problem, t.ex med att få ut efterbörden, bör man vänta med betäckningen till månadsbrunsten, dvs efter 30 dagar.</p>\r\n<p>Fruktbarheten påverkar av näringsstatusen. Om stoet är för tunnt, eller får för klen utfodring efter fölningen så kommer det att påverka inte bara brunstcykeln utan även stoets förmåga att behålla det befruktade ägget och att utveckla fostret. Det är därför synnerligen viktigt att man fodrar på rätt sätt under sista delen av dräktigheten och efter fölningen. Detta ställer naturligvis även höga krav på utfodringen vid hingststationerna, där gästande ston med föl stallas upp för betäckning. Här är det samtidigt viktigt att ta miljöhänsyn. Det är ju ofta många ston som kommer samtidigt, och från olika ägare. I synnerhet gäller det ston med föl vid sidan, som lätt kan bli stressade och rädda om sitt föl. Stress är negativt för brunst och fruktbarhet så man måste lägga stor vikt vid att skapa en god miljö för stona. Det bästa är om de kan gå ute på goda beten.</p>\r\n<p>När stoet och fölet släpps på sommarbetet räknar man med att betesgräset ska täcka näringsbehovet. Det är emellertid mycket viktigt att Du är observant på Dina hästar under betesperioden. är hästarna vid gott hull? Börjar det bli ont om gräs? Avelstoet och fölet har stort näringsbehov och bör alltid erbjudas de bästa betena. De ska också ha tillgång till saltsten - gärna en som har tillsatts extra mineraler.</p>\r\n<p>Stoets näringsbehov ändrar sig mycket under dräktighetsperioden och efter fölningen. För att säkerställa en god näringsstatus för avelstoet under hela året är PC-Horse till stor hjälp. När Du lägger in betäckningsdatum i programmet så håller programmet ordning på hur långt stoet framskrider i dräktigheten och beräknar löpande (dag för dag) näringsbehovet för henne. Efter fölningen behöver du bara ändra stoets status från dräktig till lakterande och lägger in fölningsdatum. Då ändrar programmet beräkningen för att kompensera för mjölkproduktion vid varje tidpunkt. PC-Horse tar även hänsyn till att stoet ska komma i brunst och kunna bli dräktig igen.</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p><strong>Hur har Du nytta av PC-Horse i samband med detta?</strong></p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse är ett av världens mest kvalificerade hjälpmedel för utfodring av hästar. Du kan följa och hålla ordning på alla sorters hästar (ras, kön, vikt, hull, ålder, träningsintensitet, utegång, mm) och utfodra dem med färdig-att-använda-analyser på marknadens ledande foder samt kombinera dessa med dina egna foderanalyser (eurofins analyser kan läsas in direkt).</p>\r\n<p>Behoven för varje häst beräknas individuellt och när du ser en individ som avviker från det önskvärt normala i vikt eller beteende så kan du snabbt korrigera den hästens foderstat för att inte hamna i problem.</p>\r\n<p><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Dag Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2012.</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em>&nbsp; <span><span class=\"article_separator\"><br /></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2014-03-18 09:29:06',62,'','2017-09-05 10:12:51',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-05-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,14,'utfodring, dräktiga ston, avelston, lakterande ston, brunst, fölbrunst, mineralbehov för avelssto','Våren, och försommaren, är en viktig tid för avelsstona. Under denna period går de från att vara högdräktiga till, att efter fölning, bli lakterande (mjölkproducerande). Under samma tid ska de även betäckas på nytt och förhoppningsvis bli dräktiga igen. Detta ställer stora krav på utfodringen om resultatet ska blir som bäst, det vill säga att man får ett stort friskt föl och ett avelsto som mjölkar bra och som blir dräktig igen vid betäckningen.',1,811,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(4448,5225,'En viktig tid for avlshoppene','may2017-no','<p>Vår og tidlig sommer er en viktig tid for avlshoppene. I løpet av denne perioden går de fra å være høydrektige til etter følling å bli lakterende (melkeproduserende). I samme periode skal de også bedekkes på nytt og forhåpentligvis bli drektige. Dette stiller store krav til fôringen om resultatene skal bli som best, det vil si et stort friskt føll og en avlshoppe som melker godt og blir drektig igjen ved bedekking.</p>\r\n<p>Næringsbehovene endrer seg gjennom de ulike fasene av livet til en avlshoppe. Før første bedekking vil hoppa sitt næringsbehov være lik vedlikeholdsbehovet dersom den ikke trenes eller er i annen aktivitet. Når hoppa er blitt drektig øker næringsbehovet lite de første 7 månedene av drektighetstiden på grunn av at fostertilveksten i denne perioden er relativt liten. Men i siste tredjedel av drektighetstida vokser fosteret mye og næringsbehovet øker gradvis fra 8. til 11. drektighetsmåned (like før følling). Dette betyr at energibehovet siste tida før følling er rundt 30 prosent høyere enn til vedlikehold. På samme måte vil behovene for andre næringsstoffer øke. Behovene for protein, kalsium og fosfor vil f.eks øke 75 til 85 prosent over vedlikeholdsbehovet.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/misstheboatmedfoal.jpg\" alt=\"misstheboatmedfoal\" width=\"550\" height=\"413\" /></p>\r\n<p><em>Foto:</em> <span style=\"background-color: #ffffff; font-size: 13px;\"><em><strong>Miss The Boat </strong></em></span><em><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"no\"><span class=\"hps\">gikk</span> <span class=\"hps\">til stud</span> <span class=\"hps\">etter</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">fantastisk løp</span> <span class=\"hps\">karriere</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Eies</span> <span class=\"hps\">i dag</span> <span class=\"hps\">av det svenske</span> <span class=\"hps\">oppdretter</span> <span class=\"hps\">Horse</span> <span class=\"hps\">Natur</span>e <span class=\"hps\">KB</span> <span class=\"hps\">som konsekvent</span> <span class=\"hps\">bruker</span> <span class=\"hps\">PC</span><span class=\"atn\">-</span>Horse <span class=\"hps\">å</span> <span class=\"hps\">gjøre sine</span> <span class=\"hps\">forplaner</span>.</span></em></p>\r\n<p><br />Etter følling starter melkeproduksjonen og den vil være på topp etter 3-4 uker. En hoppe i topplaktasjon melker ca 3 liter per 100 kg kroppsvekt. Dette er en betydelig produksjon som øker næringsbehovet til hoppa ytterligere. Sammenlignet med vedlikeholdsbehovet har nå behovet for energi blitt dobbelt så høyt, og behovene for protein, kalsium og fosfor har økt til nesten det tredobbelte. Det er lett å forstå at dette setter krav til sammensettingen av fôrrasjonen.<br /><br />Etter følling må vi ikke bare ta hensyn til at hoppa skal produsere melk til føllet, den skal også ha overskudd til å komme i normal brunst allerede etter omtrent 9 dager (føllbrunst) og deretter etter 30 dager (månedsbrunsten). Det vil si at kort tid etter at hoppa har føllet skal den igjen være klar for bedekking. Dersom alt har gått fint i føllingen og hoppa er i god form kan vi bedekke igjen alt etter 9 til 11 dager. Har det vært problemer, f.eks med å få ut etterbyrden, bør vi heller vente til månedsbrunsten etter 30 dager.<br /><br />Fruktbarhet påvirkes av ernæringsstatus. Dersom hoppa er tynn eller får for svak fôring etter følling vil dette påvirke ikke bare brunstsyklus, men også hoppa sin evne til å holde på et befruktet egg og utvikle et foster. Det er derfor svært viktig å fôre riktig i siste del av drektigheten og etter følling. Dette stiller også krav til fôringen på hingstestasjoner når hopper med føll blir oppstallet for bedekking. Her er det også viktig å ta hensyn til miljøet, da det ofte er mange hopper fra ulike eiere som kommer til hingstestasjonen. Særlig hopper med føll kan lett bli stresset og redde for føllet sitt. Stress er negativt for brunst og fruktbarhet og man må legge vekt på å skape et best mulig miljø for hoppene. Dersom de kan gå ute på gode beiter vil dette være det aller beste.<br /><br />Når hoppa og føllet er sluppet på beite for sommeren regner vi med at beitegraset vil dekke næringsbehovet. Det er imidlertid svært viktig å følge godt med i beitetida. Er hestene i passe hold? Begynner det å bli lite gras? Avlshoppa og føllet har stort næringsbehov og må få de beste beitene. I beitetida skal hestene ha tilgang til saltstein, gjerne en som har tilsatt ekstra mineraler.<br /><br />Hoppa sitt næringsbehov endrer seg nye gjennom drektighetstida og etter følling. For å sikre en god ernæringsstatus for avlshoppa gjennom hele året vil PC-Horse være til stor hjelp. Når du legger inn bedekkingsdato vil PC-Horse hele tiden holde orden på hvor langt hoppa er kommet i drektigheten og beregne næringsbehovet etter dette. Etter følling omdefinerer du hoppa fra drektig til lakterende og legger inn føllingsdatoen. Da vil PC-Horse beregne næringsbehovet ut fra hoppa sin beregnede melkeproduksjon ved aktuelt tidspunkt. Det er da også tatt hensyn til at hoppa skal komme i ny brunst og kunne bli drektig igjen.</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p><strong>Hvor stor nytte av PC-Horse har du i samband med dette?</strong></p>\r\n<p><span>PC-Horse er et av verdens mest kvalifiserte hjelpemiddel for fôring av hester. Du kan følge med og holde orden på alle typer hester (rase, kjønn, vekt, hold, alder, treningsintensitet, utegang, mm) og fôre dem etter ferdig-til-bruk-analyser på markedets ledende hestefôr, samt kombinere disse med dine egne fôranalyser (Eurofins sine analyser kan leses inn i programmet automatisk). Næringsbehovet for hver enkelt hest beregnes individuelt. Dersom du ser en hest som avviker fra det normale eller ønskelige i vekt, utvikling eller adferd så kan du raskt korrigere hestens fôrplan for å rette på problemet.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Dag Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2012.</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2014-03-18 09:29:06',62,'','2017-09-05 10:12:25',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-05-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,21,'forplan, fôrplan, fôrplaner, høydrektige hopper, lakterende hopper','Vår og tidlig sommer er en viktig tid for avlshoppene. I løpet av denne perioden går de fra å være høydrektige til etter følling å bli lakterende (melkeproduserende). I samme periode skal de også bedekkes på nytt og forhåpentligvis bli drektige. Dette stiller store krav til fôringen om resultatene skal bli som best, det vil si et stort friskt føll og en avlshoppe som melker godt og blir drektig igjen ved bedekking.\r\nNæringsbehovene endrer seg gjennom de ulike fasene av livet til en avlshoppe. Før første bedekking vil hoppa sitt næringsbehov være lik vedlikeholdsbehovet dersom den ikke trenes eller er i annen aktivitet. Når hoppa er blitt drektig øker næringsbehovet lite de første 7 månedene av drektighetstiden på grunn av at fostertilveksten i denne perioden er relativt liten. Men i siste tredjedel av drektighetstida vokser fosteret mye og næringsbehovet øker gradvis fra 8. til 11. drektighetsmåned (like før følling). Dette betyr at energibehovet siste tida før følling er rundt 30 prosent høyere enn til vedlikehold. På samme måte vil behovene for andre næringsstoffer øke. Behovene for protein, kalsium og fosfor vil f.eks øke 75 til 85 prosent over vedlikeholdsbehovet.',1,425,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(4449,5226,'Une période difficile pour les juments reproductrices','may2017-fr','<p>Le printemps et le début de l\'été représentent une période critique pour les juments reproductrices. C\'est à cette époque qu\'elles donnent naissance aux poulains, et démarrent leurs lactations pour les élever. Durant cette même période, elles sont également remises à la reproduction avec saillies et démarrage espéré d\'une nouvelle gestation. Pour obtenir les meilleurs résultats, c\'est-à-dire un poulain en forme, avec un bon démarrage dans la vie, lié à une bonne production laitière, d\'une jument à laquelle on demande aussi de reprendre une gestation, les propriétaires doivent assurer une ration bien équilibrée et hautement digestible</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/misstheboatmedfoal.jpg\" alt=\"misstheboatmedfoal\" width=\"550\" height=\"413\" /></p>\r\n<p>Les besoins nutritionnels varient avec les différentes phases de la vie d\'une jument reproductrice. Avant la première saillie, les besoins de la jument sont exactement des besoins d\'entretient, si elle n\'est pas soumise à un entraînement sportif ou autre forme de travail. Durant la gestation les besoins nutritionnels augmentent quasiment pas durant les 7 premiers mois, en raison d\'un relativement faible développement du fœtus pendant cette période. Cependant, durant le dernier tiers de la gestation, la croissance fœtale s\'accélère et les besoins augmentent graduellement du 8° au 11° mois. A la fin de la gestation les besoins énergétiques sont d\'environ 30% supérieurs à ceux de l\'entretient. De même, les besoins dans les autres nutriments augmentent aussi, pour atteindre 75 à 85%. En ce qui concerne les protéines, le calcium et le phosphore.</p>\r\n<p>Après le poulinage, la production laitière augmente rapidement et atteint son pic vers 3-4 semaines. Au maximum de production, une jument fabrique 3l de lait par 100 kg de PV et par jour, environ. Comparés aux besoins d\'entretient, ceux-ci sont doublés en ce qui concerne l\'énergie, et quasiment triplés pour les Protéines, le calcium et le phosphore. Il est évident que ceci entraîne une forte modification de la ration journalière, tant en quantités, qu\'en qualité.</p>\r\n<p><strong>La fertilité peut être affectée par l\'état nutritionnel.</strong></p>\r\n<p>Après poulinage la jument doit produire le lait nécessaire à l\'élevage du poulain, mais aussi avoir assez d\'énergie résiduelle pour relancer son cycle ovarien et revenir en chaleurs, dès le 9° jour après mise bas, puis 30 jours plus tard si elle n\'a pas démarré une gestation dès les « chaleurs de lait »</p>\r\n<p>Si la jument est trop maigre, ou mal nourrie après poulinage, la chaleur ne sera pas très forte, et la capacité de la jument à développer une gestation (nidification et développement initial du fœtus) en sera affectée. En conséquence, il est important de nourrir correctement la jument en fin de gestation, afin d\'avoir une jument en bon état, au poulinage.<br />Les apports en énergie et protéines doivent également être bien calculés dans les jours qui entourent la remise de la jument à la saillie. Les stress alimentaires et environnementaux sont négatifs pour la fertilité de la mère. Les juments suitées sont particulièrement sensibles au stress dans un nouvel environnement ; aussi est-il indispensable de créer le meilleur environnement possible pour les couples mère-poulain, de préférence dans de bonnes pâtures A partir du moment où les juments et poulains sont mis au pré pour l\'été, on estime généralement que l\'herbe va couvrir la totalité des besoins du couple mère/poulain. Il est néanmoins nécessaire de bien surveiller les animaux pendant toute la saison de pâturage. Les mères gardent-elles un bon état corporel ? La qualité et la quantité d\'herbe disponible diminuent-elles ? Pour que les grands besoins des juments et poulains soient couverts, il faut leurs permettre l\'accès à de grandes surfaces de pâture, et mettre à leur disposition des pierres à sel, si possible supplémentées en sels minéraux.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse est à votre disposition pour équilibrer la ration de votre jument.</strong></p>\r\n<p>Les besoins nutritionnels des juments varient au cours de l\'année. Le program PC-Horse sera d\'une grande utilité, pour gérer les variations de ration au cours des saisons. Quand vous renseignez la date de saillie, le programme garde en mémoire le stade de gestation, tout au long de l\'année et recalcule les besoins nutritionnels en fonction de ce stade. Après poulinage, il faut penser à redéfinir le statut de la jument, de gestation à lactation, et à enregistrer la date de poulinage. Ainsi PC-Horse calculera les besoins en fonction de la production laitière estimée, et ceci vous permettra d\'adapter votre alimentation aux besoins réels de la jument.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2014-03-18 09:29:06',62,'','2017-09-05 10:11:59',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-05-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,24,'','Le printemps et le début de l\'été représentent une période critique pour les juments reproductrices. C\'est à cette époque qu\'elles donnent naissance aux poulains, et démarrent leurs lactations pour les élever. Durant cette même période, elles sont également remises à la reproduction avec saillies et démarrage espéré d\'une nouvelle gestation. Pour obtenir les meilleurs résultats, c\'est-à-dire un poulain en forme, avec un bon démarrage dans la vie, lié à une bonne production laitière, d\'une jument à laquelle on demande aussi de reprendre une gestation, les propriétaires doivent assurer une ration bien équilibrée et hautement digestible',1,798,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(4450,5227,'A critical period for broodmares','may2017-eng','<hr />\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><em><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><em>The article is written by Dr. Dag Austbø at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences institution. Dr. Dag Austbø and Dr. Knut Hove are two of the key people behind the development of PC-Horse. Their scientific work and international networks contribute to the continued development of PC-Horse and to secure that our calculations are based on established scientific data.</em></span></em></span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/misstheboatmedfoal.jpg\" alt=\"misstheboatmedfoal\" width=\"550\" height=\"413\" /></p>\r\n<p><em>Spring and early summer are a critical period for broodmares. During this time, they give birth and start lactation (milk production). In the same period, they are also covered again and hopefully become pregnant. To obtain the best of results, i.e. a healthy foal with good overall development, and a broodmare that milks well and becomes pregnant again when covered, owners must provide a well-balanced and highly digestible ration.</em></p>\r\n<p>Nutritional needs change during the different phases of a broodmare\'s life. Before the first mating, the mare\'s nutritional requirements are similar to maintenance requirements if she is not in training or any type of work. In pregnancy, nutritional needs increase very little over the first 7 months, due to a comparatively low fetal growth rate during this period. During the final third period of pregnancy, however, fetal growth speeds up and nutrient requirements increase gradually from the 8th to the 11th month. This means that energy requirement immediately prior to foaling is about 30 percent higher than for maintenance. Similarly, the need for other nutrients increases, and the requirements for protein, calcium and phosphorus all increase to between 75 and 85 percent above maintenance requirements.</p>\r\n<p>After foaling, milk production increases rapidly and will reach a maximum after 3-4 weeks. At peak of lactation a mare will produce about 3 litres of milk per 100 kg body weight per day. Compared with maintenance requirements, energy requirement is now doubled, and the requirement for protein, calcium and phosphorus increases nearly three times. It is easy to understand that this places very high demands on the quality and composition of the ration.</p>\r\n<p>Fertility is affected by nutritional status.<br />After foaling the mare must produce milk for the foal, and should in addition have the energy required to come directly into estrus after about 9 days (the foal heat) and then again after 30 days if not conceiving during the foal heat.</p>\r\n<p>If the mare is thin or not fed properly after foaling, both estrus strength and also the mare\'s ability to keep a fertilized egg and develop a healthy fetus will become affected. It is therefore important to feed adequately during the latter stages of pregnancy, and thus have a broodmare with good body condition at foaling.</p>\r\n<p>Adequate intake of energy and protein should also be secured when the mare is sent to the stallion for mating. Both nutritional and environmental stress are negatives for a mare\'s fertility. Mares with foals are particularly susceptible and are easily stressed in a new environment. We have to put extra effort into creating the best possible environment for mares and their foals, preferably out on good pastures.</p>\r\n<p>Once the mare and foal are let out on pasture for the summer, most people expect that the pasture grass will cover the nutritional needs. However, it remains very important to keep a close watch during the grazing season. Are the mares maintaining good condition? Is the quality and amount of grass decreasing? Broodmares and foals have substantial nutritional needs and should be offered the best of pastures with access to a salt lick, usually one with additional extra minerals.</p>\r\n<p>Use PC-Horse to balance your mare\'s ration<br />As noted, a mare\'s nutritional requirements will change throughout the year. To ensure a good nutritional status for broodmares, the PC-Horse program will help greatly. When you enter the date of mating, PC-Horse will keep track of the stages of pregnancy and calculate nutritional requirements accordingly. After foaling, you should remember to redefine the mare from pregnant to lactating and register the foaling date. This will enable PC-Horse to calculate nutritional requirements according to the mare\'s estimated milk production, and you will be able to adjust your feeding to changing conditions.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p><strong>What does this mean in practice?</strong><br />Daily intake of roughage varies based on feed quality, production classes, individual appetite and each individual\'s place in the herd hierarchy. This means that we must observe horses in a herd closely and make corrections to the feed offered each individual at night-time or early morning to avoid some individuals growing too fat or too thin.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/manual/demos\"><strong><strong>Watch a video on using PC-Horse</strong></strong></a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/news/new-feedlist\"><strong>See what feeds are included in the program´s ready-to-go feed list</strong></a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/articles/topic-of-the-month/other-topics\"><strong>Previous month articles can be found here</strong></a></p>\r\n<p><em><strong>Give us topic suggestions for future monthly articles</strong></em></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/PCHlogo-Science.jpg\" alt=\"PCHlogo-Science\" width=\"165\" height=\"64\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp; <span class=\"article_separator\"><br /></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 101px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2014-03-18 09:29:06',62,'','2017-09-05 10:11:33',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-05-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,26,'broodmare feeding, feeding the broodmare','Spring and early summer are a critical period for broodmares. During this time, they give birth and start lactation (milk production). In the same period, they are also covered again and hopefully become pregnant. To obtain the best of results, i.e. a healthy foal with good overall development, and a broodmare that milks well and becomes pregnant again when covered, owners must provide a well-balanced and highly digestible ration.',1,583,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(4451,5228,'En vigtig tid for avlshopperne','may2017-da','<p>Forår og tidlig sommer er en vigtig tid for avlshopperne. I løbet af denne periode går de fra at være højdrægtige til efter foling at blive lakterende (mælkeproduserende). I samme periode skal de også be-dækkes på nyt og forhåbentlig blive drægtige. Dette stiller store krav til fodringen hvis der skal opnås gode resultater, det vil sige et sundt og rask føl og en avlshoppe som malker godt og let bliver drægtig igen ved bedækning.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/misstheboatmedfoal.jpg\" alt=\"misstheboatmedfoal\" width=\"550\" height=\"413\" /></p>\r\n<p>Næringsbehovet for avlshopperne ændrer sig afhængighed af drægtighed, laktation og ifoling. Inden første bedækning vil hoppens næringsbehov være det samme som vedligeholdsbehovet eftersom hop-pen ikke trænes eller er i anden aktivitet. Når hoppen er blevet drægtig øges næringsbehovet kun lidt de første 7 månedene af drægtighedstiden på grund af, at fostertilvæksten i denne periode er relativt lille. I sidte trediedel af drægtighedstiden vokser fosteret meget og næringsbehovet øges gradvist fra 8. til 11. drægtighedsmåned (lige før folling). Dette betyder at energibehovet den sidste tid før foling er ca 30 pro-cent højere end til vedligehold. På samme måde vil behovet for andre næringsstoffer øges. Behovene for protein, calcium og fosfor vil f.eks øges fra 75 til 85 procent over vedligeholdsbehovet.<br /><br />Etter folling starter mælkeproduktionen og den vil toppe efter 3-4 uger. En hoppe i toplaktation malker ca 3 liter pr 100 kg kropsvægtt. Dette er en ganske betydelig produkstion som øger næringsbehovet til hopen yderligere . Sammenlignet med vedligeholdsbehovet er hoppens energibehov nu blevet fordoblet og be-hovet for protein, calsium og fosfor er øget til næsten det tredobbelte. Det er klart at sådanne ændringer i hoppens næringsbehov betyder ændrede krav til foderrationenns sammensætning.<br /><br />Etter foling skal vi ikke kun tage hensyn til at hoppen skal producere mælk til føllet, den skal også have overskud til at komme i normal brunst allerede efter ca 9 dage (følbrunst) og derefter efter 30 dage(månedsbrunsten). Det vil sige at kort tid efter at hoppen har follet skal den igen være klar til ifoling Hvis alt har gået fint ved follingen og hoppen er i god form kan vi bedække igen efter 9 til 11 dage. Har der været problemer, f.eks med at smide efterbyrden, anbefales normalt at vente til månedsbrunsten efter 30 dager.<br /><br />Frugtbarheden påvirkes af ernæringsstatus. Hvis hoppen er tynd eller fodres svagt efter foling vil dette påvirke såvel brunstcyklus, som hoppens evne til at holde på et befrugtet æg og udvikle et foster. Det er derfor vigtigt at fodre rigtigt i sidste del af drægtigheden og efter folling. Dette stiller også krav til fodringen på hingstestationerne når hopper med føl bliver opstaldet før bedækning. Her er det også vigtigt at tage hensyn til miljøet, da der ofte er mange hopper fra forskellige ejere som kommer til hingstestatio-nen. Særligt hopper med føl kan let blive stressede . Stres er negativt for brunst og frugtbarhed og man må lægge vægt på at skabe det best mulige miljø for hopperne. Græsning på en god græsmark har en meget positiv effekt på hoppen.<br /><br />Når hoppe og føl er sluppet på græs for sommeren regner vi med, at græsset vil dække næringsbehovet. Det er imidlertid meget viktigt også at følge hopperne godt mens de er på græs. Er hestene i passende huld? Begynder der at være for lidt græs ? Avlshoppe og føl har et stort næringsbehov og har behov for det bedste græs. Under afgræsning skal hestene have adgang til saltsten, gerne en som er tilsat ekstra mineraler.<br /><br />Hoppens næringsbehov ændrer sig i løbet af drægtigheden og efter foling. For at sikre en god ernærings-status til avlshopperne gennem hele året vil PC-Horse være til stor hjælp. Når du lægger bedækningsda-toen ind vil PC-Horse hele tiden holde styr på hvor langt hoppen er kommet i drægtigheden og beregne næringsbehovet efter dette. Efter folling omdefinerer du hoppen fra drægtig til lakterende og lægger fol-lingsdatoen ind, så vil PC-Horse beregne næringsbehovet ud fra hoppens aktuellel mælkeproduktion det pågældende tidspunkt. Så er der også taget hensyn til at hoppen skal komme i ny brunst og kunne blive drægtig igen.</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p><strong>Hvordan har Du gavn af PC-Horse i forbindelse med dette?</strong></p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse er et af verdens mest kvalificerede hjælpemidler til fodringplanlægning for heste. Du kan følge og holde orden på hestene (race, køn, vægt, huld, alder, træningsintensitet, udegang, mm) og fodre dem med færdig foder –fra foderfirmaer samt kombinere disse med dine egne foderanalyser (eurofins analyser kan lægges ind direkte, dog ikke i DK endnu).</p>\r\n<p>Behovet for hver hest beregnes individuelt og hvis du har en hest som afviger fra det normale i vægt eller aktivitet så kan du hurtigt korrigere denne hests foderplan for at få fodringen til at passe.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Dag Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2012.</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2014-03-18 09:29:06',62,'','2017-09-05 10:10:56',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-05-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,32,'foderplan til heste, hopper, avlshopper, lakterende hopper','Forår og tidlig sommer er en vigtig tid for avlshopperne. I løbet af denne periode går de fra at være højdrægtige til efter foling at blive lakterende (mælkeproduserende). I samme periode skal de også bedækkes på nyt og forhåbentlig blive drægtige. Dette stiller store krav til fodringen hvis der skal opnås gode resultater, det vil sige et sundt og rask føl og en avlshoppe som malker godt og let bliver drægtig igen ved bedækning.',1,706,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(4452,5229,'Hästar behöver salt','juni2017-sv','<hr />\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/06splash.jpg\" alt=\"06splash\" width=\"177\" height=\"133\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/saltsten.png\" alt=\"saltsten\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" />&nbsp;<img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/sunhorse.jpg\" alt=\"sunhorse\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" /></p>\r\n<p>När sommaren kommer behöver hästarna mer salt på grund av värmen. Saltbehovet ökar i särskild grad hos hästar som tränas och svettas mycket.</p>\r\n<p>Vattnet i kroppen, som utgör 60-70% av kroppsvikten, innehåller cirka 10 gram upplösta salter per liter. Att ge endast rent vatten räcker inte, salter är helt nödvändiga som bidrag till kroppsvätskefunktionerna. <br /> När salter är upplösta i blod och cellvätska kallas de för joner eller elektrolyter. De bidrar till att reglera vattenintaget och vätskebalansen. För lite vätska i kroppen leder snabbt till nedsatt prestationsförmåga.<br /> De viktigaste elektrolyterna i kroppen är natrium (Na), kalium (K) och klor (Cl). Salterna måste tillföras genom fodret. Förutom salter (eller mineraler) som finns naturligt i växtmaterial, måste man i många fall tillföra extra mängder. Detta görs genom kraftfoder, mineralblandningar och extra tillskott av salt. Vanligt koksalt har den kemiska beteckningen NaCl och består således av natrium och klor. Det vill säga att vi genom att tillföra salt täcker upp två av de tre viktigaste elektrolyterna i hästens behov.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/juni-fig1.jpg\" alt=\"juni-fig1\" width=\"504\" height=\"300\" /></p>\r\n<p>Figurens blå staplar visar behovet av natrium i gram per dag, och de röda staplarna hur mycket salt som måste ges för att täcka behovet vid olika träningsintensitet.&nbsp; Daglig saltmängd bör ökas från ca 30 gram när hästen inte tränas, till mer än 120 gram vid intensiv träning. Beräkningarna gäller för sommarhalvåret och en häst på 500 kg. Under vintern är behoven lägre.</p>\r\n<p>Vad gäller för Kalium? &nbsp;Kalium blir inte tillfört när du ger salt. Det finns emellertid rikligt med kalium i grovfoder som gräs, ensilage och hö som innehåller mellan 20 och 30 gram kalium per kg torrsubstans.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/juni-fig2.jpg\" alt=\"juni-fig2\" width=\"504\" height=\"300\" /></p>\r\n<p>Figuren visar att behovet för kalium ökar från ca 25 gram per dag när hästen inte tränas upp till drygt 50 gram per dag vid intensiv träning. Om hästen får tillräckligt med grovfoder (använd PC-Horse för att kontrollera detta) överstiger intaget av kalium behovet med god marginal. Det är därför bara i mycket speciella fall som det uppstår behov av extra kalium - t.ex under hård distansritt. <br /> <br /> Den praktiska slutsatsen blir därför att vi bör tillsätta salt i dagsransonen till hästar, och att mängderna stiger relativt mycket när träningsintensiteten ökar, speciellt under sommarhalvåret.&nbsp; <br /> <br /> Till hästar i träning är <strong>det inte tillräckligt</strong> att hänga upp en saltsten i boxen. De allra flesta hästar kommer inte att äta nog av saltstenen. Det bästa är att ge löst salt direkt i krubban, gärna tillsammans med kraftfodret. Till avelston och unghästar som går på bete räcker det med att sörja för att de alltid har tillgång till saltsten.</p>\r\n<p>För att kontrollera att dina hästar får nog med elektrolyter (salt) kan du använda foderstatsprogrammet PC-Horse. När du har lagt in hästen i programmet och väljer foder till dagsgivan ska du bara lägga till salt. Alla övriga foder bidrar med Na och CI. Vänta därför med att bestämma saltmängden tills du bestämt övriga fodermängder. Klicka därefter på saltmängden och reglera mängden med pilarna tills staplen för Natrium blir grön. Då har du perfekt balans mellan saltbehov och salttillförsel.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/juni-fig3.jpg\" alt=\"juni-fig3\" width=\"550\" height=\"298\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;PC-Horse har en särskild betesfunktion. När Du definierat hästen och dess egenskaper och väljer betesgräs i foderlistan så kan du klicka på en särskild knapp \"Hästen går på bete\". Du behöver då bara fylla i hur många timmar om dygnet hästen går på bete och ange hur mycket gräs det verkar finnas på betet. Programmet räknar ut resten - dvs hur mycket hästen antas äta av betet.</p>\r\n<p>Utifrån varje hästs individuella behov visar programmet om den för för mycket näring eller om det krävs stödfodring.</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p><strong>Hur har Du nytta av PC-Horse i samband med detta?</strong></p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse är ett av världens mest kvalificerade hjälpmedel för utfodring av hästar. Du kan följa och hålla ordning på alla sorters hästar (ras, kön, vikt, hull, ålder, träningsintensitet, utegång, mm) och utfodra dem med färdig-att-använda-analyser på marknadens ledande foder samt kombinera dessa med dina egna foderanalyser (eurofins analyser kan läsas in direkt).</p>\r\n<p>Behoven för varje häst beräknas individuellt och när du ser en individ som avviker från det önskvärt normala i vikt eller beteende så kan du snabbt korrigera den hästens foderstat för att inte hamna i problem.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2012.</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 43px; left: 408px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 43px; left: 408px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:24',62,'','2017-09-05 10:10:30',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-06-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,47,'bete, salt i hästerns dagsgiva, hästar och salt','',1,951,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(4453,5230,'Hesten har brug for salt ! ','aug2017-da','<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/06splash.jpg\" alt=\"06splash\" width=\"177\" height=\"133\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/saltsten.png\" alt=\"saltsten\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" />&nbsp;<img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/sunhorse.jpg\" alt=\"sunhorse\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" /></p>\r\n<p>Sommeren er her. Dette betyder også at hestene nu har et større behov for salt på grund af varmen. Saltbehovet øges særlig meget for heste som trænes og følgelig sveder meget. Vandet i hestens krop, som udgør 60-70% af kropsvægten, indeholder cirka 10 gram opløst salt per liter. Salt er helt nødvendigt for at hestens stofskifte kan fungerer. <br /> Når saltene er opløst i blod og cellevæske kaldes de ioner eller elektrolytter. Disse bidrager til at regulere vandindtaget og væskebalancen. For lidt væske i kroppen førerhurtigt til nedsat præstation<br /> De vigtigste elektrolytter i kroppen er natrium (Na), kalium (K) og klor (Cl). Disse salte må tilføres gennem foderet. I tillæg til de salte (eller mineraler) som findes naturlig i plantemateriale, må vi i mange situationer tilføre ekstra. Dette gør vi gennem kraftfoder, mineralblandinger og ekstra salttilskud. Almindelig kogsalt har kemisk tegn NaCl og består altså af natrium og klor. Det vil sige at når vi giver hesten nok salt har vi dækket behovet for to af de 3 viktigste elektrolytter.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/juni-fig1.jpg\" alt=\"juni-fig1\" width=\"504\" height=\"300\" /></p>\r\n<p>Figuren viser med blå søjler behovet for natrium i gram pr dag, og med røde søjler hvor meget salt vi må give for at dække dette behov ved forskellig træningsintensitet. Daglig saltmengde skal øges fra ca 30 gram når hesten ikke er i træning, til mere end 120 gram ved intensiv træning. Beregningene gælder for sommerhalvåret og for en hest på 500 kg. I vinterhalvåret vil behovene almindeligvis være lavere.<br /> Hvad så med Kalium? &nbsp;Kalium får vi ikke tilført ved at give salt. Det er imidlertid rigelig med kalium i græs og i grovfoder som hø og wrap. Normalt kaliumindhold i græs, hø og wrap vil være mellem 20 og 30 gram per kg tørstof.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/juni-fig2.jpg\" alt=\"juni-fig2\" width=\"504\" height=\"300\" /></p>\r\n<p>Figuren viser at behovet for kalium øger fra ca 25 gram per dag når hesten ikke trænes, til ca 50 gram pr dag ved intens trening. Hvis hesten får nok grovfoder (Brug PC-Horse til at tjekke dette) overstiger indtaget af kalium behovet med god margin. Det er derfor bare i helt spesielle tilfælde behov for at give ekstra kalium, f.eks under hårde distanceridt.<br /> <br /> Den praktiske konklusion er derfor at vi må tilsætte salt i foderrationer til heste, og at mængderne stiger relativt meget når træningsintensiteten øger, specielt i sommerhalvåret. <br /> <br /> Til heste i træning er det <strong>ikke tilstrækkelig</strong> at hænge en saltsten op i boksen. De alle fleste heste vil ikke optage nok fra saltstenen. Det bedste er at give løst salt direkte i krybben, gerne sammen med kraftfoderet. Til avlshopper og ungheste som går på græs vil det være tilstrækkeligt at sørge for at de alltid har tilgang til en saltsten.<br /> <br /> For at kontrollere at dine heste &nbsp;får nok elektrolytter (salt) kan du bruge PC-Horse programmet. Når du har lagt &nbsp;hesten ind i programmet og valgt foder til rationen skal du huske at medtage salt. Alle foderemner vil bidrage med både Na og Cl. Vent derfor med at bestemme hvor meget salt hesten skal have tilført ekstra , før du har bestemt mængden af salt i foderrationen. Klikk på mængdefeltet for salt, således at denne bliver blå, og klik derefter på \"pil op\" i feltet ovenover. Forøg mængden af salt i rationen til feltet for natrium i stolpediagrammet bliver grønt (se figur). Så er der balance mellem saltbehov og salttilførsel.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/juni-fig3.jpg\" alt=\"juni-fig3\" width=\"550\" height=\"298\" /></p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse har en egen græsmodul. Når du har valgt hest og vælger et afgræsningsgræs som foder vil du få valget Hesten går på græs. Man vælger da hvor mange timer hesten går på græs hver dag, samt kvalitet og mængde på grasset. Ud fra disse oplysninger beregner programmet hvor meget vi kan antage at hesten vil æde.</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p><strong>Hvordan har Du gavn af PC-Horse i forbindelse med dette?</strong></p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse er et af verdens mest kvalificerede hjælpemidler til fodringplanlægning for heste. Du kan følge og holde orden på hestene (race, køn, vægt, huld, alder, træningsintensitet, udegang, mm) og fodre dem med færdig foder –fra foderfirmaer samt kombinere disse med dine egne foderanalyser (Eurofins analyser kan lægges ind direkte).</p>\r\n<p>Behovet for hver hest beregnes individuelt og hvis du har en hest som afviger fra det normale i vægt eller aktivitet så kan du hurtigt korrigere denne hests foderplan for at få fodringen til at passe.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2017.</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 204px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 1205px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 408px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:24',62,'','2017-09-05 10:10:05',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-06-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,48,'hester og salt','',1,1065,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(4454,5231,'Hestene trenger salt!','juni2017-no','<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/06splash.jpg\" alt=\"06splash\" width=\"177\" height=\"133\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/saltsten.png\" alt=\"saltsten\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" />&nbsp;<img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/sunhorse.jpg\" alt=\"sunhorse\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" /></p>\r\n<p><em></em><em></em>Vi er kommet til juni og det er sommer. Dette betyr også at hestene nå trenger mer salt på grunn av varmen. Saltbehovet øker særlig mye for hester som trenes og svetter mye.</p>\r\n<p>Vannet i kroppen, som utgjør 60-70% av kroppsvekten, har cirka 10 gram oppløste salter per liter. Rent vann fungerer ikke, saltene gir helt nødvendige bidrag til kroppsvæskene funksjoner.&nbsp; <br /> Når saltene er oppløst i blod og cellevæske kalles de ioner eller elektrolytter. Disse bidrar til å regulere vanninntaket og væskebalansen. For lite væske i kroppen fører raskt til nedsatt prestasjon. <br /> De viktigste elektrolyttene i kroppen er natrium (Na), kalium (K) og klor (Cl). Saltene må tilføres gjennom fôret. I tillegg til saltene (eller mineralene) som finnes naturlig i plantemateriale, må vi i mange situasjoner tilføre ekstra. Dette gjør vi gjennom kraftfôr, mineralblandinger og ekstra salttilskudd. Vanlig koksalt har kjemisk tegn NaCl og består altså av natrium og klor. Det vil si at dersom vi gir hesten nok salt har vi dekket opp to av de 3 viktigste elektrolyttene.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/juni-fig1.jpg\" alt=\"juni-fig1\" width=\"504\" height=\"300\" /></p>\r\n<p>Figuren viser med blå stolper behovet for natrium i gram pr dag, og med røde stolper hvor mye salt vi må gi for å dekke dette behovet ved ulik treningsintensitet. Daglig saltmengde må økes fra ca 30 gram når hesten ikke trenes, til mer enn 120 gram ved intens trening. Beregningene gjelder for sommerhalvåret og en hest på 500 kg. I vinterhalvåret vil behovene vanligvis være lavere.<br />Hva så med Kalium? &nbsp;Kalium får vi ikke tilført ved å gi salt. Det er imidlertid rikelig med kalium i grovfôr som gras, ensilasje og høy. Normalt kaliuminnhold i gras, ensilasje og høy vil være mellom 20 og 30 gram per kg tørrstoff.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/juni-fig2.jpg\" alt=\"juni-fig2\" width=\"504\" height=\"300\" /></p>\r\n<p>Figuren viser at behovet for kalium øker fra ca 25 gram per dag når hesten ikke trenes, til vel 50 gram per dag ved intens trening. Dersom hesten får nok grovfôr (Bruk PC-Horse for å sjekke dette) overstiger inntaket av kalium behovet med god margin. Det er derfor bare i helt spesielle tilfeller behov for å gi ekstra kalium, f.eks under harde distanseritt.<br /> <br /> Den praktiske konklusjonen er derfor at vi må tilsette salt i rasjonene til hester, og at mengdene stiger relativt mye når treningsintensiteten øker, spesielt i sommerhalvåret. <br /> <br /> Til hester i trening er det <strong>ikke tilstrekkelig</strong> å henge opp en saltstein i boksen. De aller fleste hester vil ikke ete nok av saltsteinen. Det beste er å gi løst salt direkte i krybba, gjerne sammen med kraftfôret. Til avlshopper og unghester som går på beite vil det være tilstrekkelig å sørge for at de alltid har tilgang til saltstein.<br /> <br />For å kontrollere at hestene dine får nok elektrolytter (salt) kan du bruke PC-Horse programmet. Når du har lagt inn hesten i programmet og velger fôr til rasjonen skal du huske å ta med salt. Alle fôr vil bidra med både Na og Cl. Vent derfor med å bestemme hvor mye salt hesten skal få, til du har bestemt mengden av de andre fôrslagene i rasjonen. Klikk på mengdefeltet for salt, slik at dette blir blått, og klikk deretter på \"pil opp\" i feltet over. Øk mengden salt i rasjonen til feltet for natrium i stolpediagrammet blir grønt (se figur). Du har da balansert saltbehov og salttilførsel.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/juni-fig3.jpg\" alt=\"juni-fig3\" width=\"550\" height=\"298\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;Pc-Horse har en egen beitemodul. Når du har valgt hest og velger et beitegras som fôr vil du få valget Hesten går på beite. Du velger hvor mange timer hesten går på beite hver dag, samt kvalitet og mengde gras på beitet. Ut fra disse opplysninger beregner programmet hvor mye vi kan anta at hesten vil spise.</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p><strong>Hvor stor nytte av PC-Horse har du i samband med dette?</strong></p>\r\n<p><span>PC-Horse er et av verdens mest kvalifiserte hjelpemiddel for fôring av hester. Du kan følge med og holde orden på alle typer hester (rase, kjønn, vekt, hold, alder, treningsintensitet, utegang, mm) og fôre dem etter ferdig-til-bruk-analyser på markedets ledende hestefôr, samt kombinere disse med dine egne fôranalyser (Eurofins sine analyser kan leses inn i programmet automatisk). Næringsbehovet for hver enkelt hest beregnes individuelt. Dersom du ser en hest som avviker fra det normale eller ønskelige i vekt, utvikling eller adferd så kan du raskt korrigere hestens fôrplan for å rette på problemet.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2012.</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 204px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:24',62,'','2017-09-05 09:57:23',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-06-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,50,'hester og salt','',1,780,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(4455,5232,'Horses need salt!','june2017-eng','<hr />\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><em><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><em>The article is written by Dr. Dag Austbø at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences institution. Dr. Dag Austbø and Dr. Knut Hove are two of the key people behind the development of PC-Horse. Their scientific work and international networks contribute to the continued development of PC-Horse and to secure that our calculations are based on established scientific data.</em></span></em></span></p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><em><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/sunhorse.jpg\" alt=\"sunhorse\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/saltsten.png\" alt=\"saltsten\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" /></em></p>\r\n<p><em>We have come to June, and it is summer. This means that your horses need more salt because of the heat, particularly when exercised heavily. A reduction in the fluid volume of the body quickly impairs the performance of horses.</em></p>\r\n<p>The water in the body, which constitutes 60-70% of body weight, has about 10 grams of dissolved salts (minerals) per liter. The salts contribute in an essential way to the functional properties of the body fluids. When salts are dissolved in blood plasma and cell fluid we refer to them as ions or electrolytes. Water intake and fluid balance is regulated both by the water and the electrolytes. The main electrolytes in the body are sodium (Na), potassium (K) and chlorine (Cl). The horse gets its minerals through the feed. In addition to the minerals that occur naturally in plant material, we must in many situations supplement the diet to obtain mineral balance. Concentrates, mineral mixtures and additional salt supplements are used. Common cooking salt has the chemical formula NaCl, and thus consists of sodium and chlorine. When we give a horse the required amount of salt in the ration, we have covered two of the three major electrolytes.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/Na-Req.png\" alt=\"Na-Req\" width=\"556\" height=\"447\" /></p>\r\n<p>The graph shows the requirement for sodium in grams per day (blue bars). Red bars show how much salt (sodium chloride) we need to provide to meet this requirement at different exercise intensities. Daily salt intake must be increased from about 30 grams in a maintenance situation, to more than 120 grams when the horse is exercised intensively. Calculations apply to the summer season, and a body mass of 500 kg. During the winter, requirements will usually be lower, due to lower losses of sodium and chloride through sweat.<br /> <br /> What about potassium? We are not supplying potassium by giving salt in the diet. However, there is plenty of potassium in forage, silage and hay. Normally, the potassium content in roughages will be 20 - 30 grams per kg of dry matter.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/K-Req.jpg\" alt=\"K-Req\" width=\"510\" height=\"358\" /></p>\r\n<p>The graph shows an increasing potassium requirement from about 25 grams per day during maintenance conditions, to 50 grams during intensive training. When you allow your horses a sufficient roughage intake (PC-Horse will guide you), potassium requirements will be met by a good margin. It is therefore only in exceptional cases that you need to provide extra potassium, one example may be during endurance rides.<br /> <br /> The practical conclusion is that we need to add salt to the ration, in considerable amounts in periods with heavy exercise, especially in summer.<br /> <br /> For horses in training, a salt lick in the stable box is usually not adequate. Most horses will not consume enough salt in this situation. It is better to provide salt (granulated or ordinary kitchen salt) directly in the feed trough, preferably together with concentrate. For broodmares and young horses on pasture, sodium intake will be adequate provided they always have access to salt licks.<br /> <br /> To make sure that your horses are getting enough sodium (salt) you can use the PC-Horse program. Once you have defined your horse, remember to select salt together with the other feeds. All feeds contribute Na and Cl to the final diet. Therefore, it is best to add salt at the end, when you have chosen amounts of the other feeds. Select the \"Salt\" line (blue when active), and click the \"Up Arrow\" to increase the amount of salt in the ration until the sodium bar turns green (see screenshot). Congratulations: You have balanced salt requirement and salt supply!</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/Sodium_Help.png\" alt=\"Sodium_Help\" width=\"550\" height=\"294\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;PC-Horse has a dedicated module for pasture nutrition. After selecting the horse and then a pasture grass as feed you will be given the option to click on: Horse on pasture. Here you enter how many hours the horse will graze every day, as well as the quality and quantity of the available pasture grass. From this data the program calculates how much you can assume that the horse will eat and how well its nutritional needs will be met.</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p><strong>What does this mean in practice?</strong><br />Daily intake of roughage varies based on feed quality, production classes, individual appetite and each individual\'s place in the herd hierarchy. This means that we must observe horses in a herd closely and make corrections to the feed offered each individual at night-time or early morning to avoid some individuals growing too fat or too thin.</p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/manual/demos\"><strong><strong>Watch a video on using PC-Horse</strong></strong></a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/news/new-feedlist\"><strong>See what feeds are included in the program´s ready-to-go feed list</strong></a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/articles/topic-of-the-month/other-topics\"><strong>Previous month articles can be found here</strong></a></p>\r\n<p><em><strong>Give us topic suggestions for future monthly articles</strong></em></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/PCHlogo-Science.jpg\" alt=\"PCHlogo-Science\" width=\"165\" height=\"64\" /></p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p>&nbsp; <span class=\"article_separator\"><br /></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 101px; left: 227px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:24',62,'','2017-09-05 09:57:02',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-06-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,44,'horses and salt','',1,789,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(4456,5233,'Horses need salt!','june2017-nl','<hr />\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><em><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><em>The article is written by Dr. Dag Austbø at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences institution. Dr. Dag Austbø and Dr. Knut Hove are two of the key people behind the development of PC-Horse. Their scientific work and international networks contribute to the continued development of PC-Horse and to secure that our calculations are based on established scientific data.</em></span></em></span></p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><em><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/sunhorse.jpg\" alt=\"sunhorse\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/saltsten.png\" alt=\"saltsten\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" /></em></p>\r\n<p><em>We have come to June, and it is summer. This means that your horses need more salt because of the heat, particularly when exercised heavily. A reduction in the fluid volume of the body quickly impairs the performance of horses.</em></p>\r\n<p>The water in the body, which constitutes 60-70% of body weight, has about 10 grams of dissolved salts (minerals) per liter. The salts contribute in an essential way to the functional properties of the body fluids. When salts are dissolved in blood plasma and cell fluid we refer to them as ions or electrolytes. Water intake and fluid balance is regulated both by the water and the electrolytes. The main electrolytes in the body are sodium (Na), potassium (K) and chlorine (Cl). The horse gets its minerals through the feed. In addition to the minerals that occur naturally in plant material, we must in many situations supplement the diet to obtain mineral balance. Concentrates, mineral mixtures and additional salt supplements are used. Common cooking salt has the chemical formula NaCl, and thus consists of sodium and chlorine. When we give a horse the required amount of salt in the ration, we have covered two of the three major electrolytes.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/Na-Req.png\" alt=\"Na-Req\" width=\"556\" height=\"447\" /></p>\r\n<p>The graph shows the requirement for sodium in grams per day (blue bars). Red bars show how much salt (sodium chloride) we need to provide to meet this requirement at different exercise intensities. Daily salt intake must be increased from about 30 grams in a maintenance situation, to more than 120 grams when the horse is exercised intensively. Calculations apply to the summer season, and a body mass of 500 kg. During the winter, requirements will usually be lower, due to lower losses of sodium and chloride through sweat.<br /> <br /> What about potassium? We are not supplying potassium by giving salt in the diet. However, there is plenty of potassium in forage, silage and hay. Normally, the potassium content in roughages will be 20 - 30 grams per kg of dry matter.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/K-Req.jpg\" alt=\"K-Req\" width=\"510\" height=\"358\" /></p>\r\n<p>The graph shows an increasing potassium requirement from about 25 grams per day during maintenance conditions, to 50 grams during intensive training. When you allow your horses a sufficient roughage intake (PC-Horse will guide you), potassium requirements will be met by a good margin. It is therefore only in exceptional cases that you need to provide extra potassium, one example may be during endurance rides.<br /> <br /> The practical conclusion is that we need to add salt to the ration, in considerable amounts in periods with heavy exercise, especially in summer.<br /> <br /> For horses in training, a salt lick in the stable box is usually not adequate. Most horses will not consume enough salt in this situation. It is better to provide salt (granulated or ordinary kitchen salt) directly in the feed trough, preferably together with concentrate. For broodmares and young horses on pasture, sodium intake will be adequate provided they always have access to salt licks.<br /> <br /> To make sure that your horses are getting enough sodium (salt) you can use the PC-Horse program. Once you have defined your horse, remember to select salt together with the other feeds. All feeds contribute Na and Cl to the final diet. Therefore, it is best to add salt at the end, when you have chosen amounts of the other feeds. Select the \"Salt\" line (blue when active), and click the \"Up Arrow\" to increase the amount of salt in the ration until the sodium bar turns green (see screenshot). Congratulations: You have balanced salt requirement and salt supply!</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/Sodium_Help.png\" alt=\"Sodium_Help\" width=\"550\" height=\"294\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;PC-Horse has a dedicated module for pasture nutrition. After selecting the horse and then a pasture grass as feed you will be given the option to click on: Horse on pasture. Here you enter how many hours the horse will graze every day, as well as the quality and quantity of the available pasture grass. From this data the program calculates how much you can assume that the horse will eat and how well its nutritional needs will be met.</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p><strong>What does this mean in practice?</strong><br />Daily intake of roughage varies based on feed quality, production classes, individual appetite and each individual\'s place in the herd hierarchy. This means that we must observe horses in a herd closely and make corrections to the feed offered each individual at night-time or early morning to avoid some individuals growing too fat or too thin.</p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/manual/demos\"><strong><strong>Watch a video on using PC-Horse</strong></strong></a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/news/new-feedlist\"><strong>See what feeds are included in the program´s ready-to-go feed list</strong></a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/articles/topic-of-the-month/other-topics\"><strong>Previous month articles can be found here</strong></a></p>\r\n<p><em><strong>Give us topic suggestions for future monthly articles</strong></em></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/PCHlogo-Science.jpg\" alt=\"PCHlogo-Science\" width=\"165\" height=\"64\" /></p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p>&nbsp; <span class=\"article_separator\"><br /></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 101px; left: 227px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:24',62,'','2017-09-05 09:56:38',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-06-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,43,'horses and salt','',1,619,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(4457,5234,'Horses need salt!','june2017-de','<hr />\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><em><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><em>The article is written by Dr. Dag Austbø at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences institution. Dr. Dag Austbø and Dr. Knut Hove are two of the key people behind the development of PC-Horse. Their scientific work and international networks contribute to the continued development of PC-Horse and to secure that our calculations are based on established scientific data.</em></span></em></span></p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><em><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/sunhorse.jpg\" alt=\"sunhorse\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/saltsten.png\" alt=\"saltsten\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" /></em></p>\r\n<p><em>We have come to June, and it is summer. This means that your horses need more salt because of the heat, particularly when exercised heavily. A reduction in the fluid volume of the body quickly impairs the performance of horses.</em></p>\r\n<p>The water in the body, which constitutes 60-70% of body weight, has about 10 grams of dissolved salts (minerals) per liter. The salts contribute in an essential way to the functional properties of the body fluids. When salts are dissolved in blood plasma and cell fluid we refer to them as ions or electrolytes. Water intake and fluid balance is regulated both by the water and the electrolytes. The main electrolytes in the body are sodium (Na), potassium (K) and chlorine (Cl). The horse gets its minerals through the feed. In addition to the minerals that occur naturally in plant material, we must in many situations supplement the diet to obtain mineral balance. Concentrates, mineral mixtures and additional salt supplements are used. Common cooking salt has the chemical formula NaCl, and thus consists of sodium and chlorine. When we give a horse the required amount of salt in the ration, we have covered two of the three major electrolytes.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/Na-Req.png\" alt=\"Na-Req\" width=\"556\" height=\"447\" /></p>\r\n<p>The graph shows the requirement for sodium in grams per day (blue bars). Red bars show how much salt (sodium chloride) we need to provide to meet this requirement at different exercise intensities. Daily salt intake must be increased from about 30 grams in a maintenance situation, to more than 120 grams when the horse is exercised intensively. Calculations apply to the summer season, and a body mass of 500 kg. During the winter, requirements will usually be lower, due to lower losses of sodium and chloride through sweat.<br /> <br /> What about potassium? We are not supplying potassium by giving salt in the diet. However, there is plenty of potassium in forage, silage and hay. Normally, the potassium content in roughages will be 20 - 30 grams per kg of dry matter.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/K-Req.jpg\" alt=\"K-Req\" width=\"510\" height=\"358\" /></p>\r\n<p>The graph shows an increasing potassium requirement from about 25 grams per day during maintenance conditions, to 50 grams during intensive training. When you allow your horses a sufficient roughage intake (PC-Horse will guide you), potassium requirements will be met by a good margin. It is therefore only in exceptional cases that you need to provide extra potassium, one example may be during endurance rides.<br /> <br /> The practical conclusion is that we need to add salt to the ration, in considerable amounts in periods with heavy exercise, especially in summer.<br /> <br /> For horses in training, a salt lick in the stable box is usually not adequate. Most horses will not consume enough salt in this situation. It is better to provide salt (granulated or ordinary kitchen salt) directly in the feed trough, preferably together with concentrate. For broodmares and young horses on pasture, sodium intake will be adequate provided they always have access to salt licks.<br /> <br /> To make sure that your horses are getting enough sodium (salt) you can use the PC-Horse program. Once you have defined your horse, remember to select salt together with the other feeds. All feeds contribute Na and Cl to the final diet. Therefore, it is best to add salt at the end, when you have chosen amounts of the other feeds. Select the \"Salt\" line (blue when active), and click the \"Up Arrow\" to increase the amount of salt in the ration until the sodium bar turns green (see screenshot). Congratulations: You have balanced salt requirement and salt supply!</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/Sodium_Help.png\" alt=\"Sodium_Help\" width=\"550\" height=\"294\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;PC-Horse has a dedicated module for pasture nutrition. After selecting the horse and then a pasture grass as feed you will be given the option to click on: Horse on pasture. Here you enter how many hours the horse will graze every day, as well as the quality and quantity of the available pasture grass. From this data the program calculates how much you can assume that the horse will eat and how well its nutritional needs will be met.</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p><strong>What does this mean in practice?</strong><br />Daily intake of roughage varies based on feed quality, production classes, individual appetite and each individual\'s place in the herd hierarchy. This means that we must observe horses in a herd closely and make corrections to the feed offered each individual at night-time or early morning to avoid some individuals growing too fat or too thin.</p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/manual/demos\"><strong><strong>Watch a video on using PC-Horse</strong></strong></a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/news/new-feedlist\"><strong>See what feeds are included in the program´s ready-to-go feed list</strong></a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/articles/topic-of-the-month/other-topics\"><strong>Previous month articles can be found here</strong></a></p>\r\n<p><em><strong>Give us topic suggestions for future monthly articles</strong></em></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/PCHlogo-Science.jpg\" alt=\"PCHlogo-Science\" width=\"165\" height=\"64\" /></p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p>&nbsp; <span class=\"article_separator\"><br /></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 101px; left: 227px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:24',62,'','2017-09-05 09:56:14',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-06-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,42,'horses and salt','',1,824,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(4458,5235,'June 2017 - Horses need salt!','june2017-fi','<hr />\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><em><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><em>The article is written by Dr. Dag Austbø at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences institution. Dr. Dag Austbø and Dr. Knut Hove are two of the key people behind the development of PC-Horse. Their scientific work and international networks contribute to the continued development of PC-Horse and to secure that our calculations are based on established scientific data.</em></span></em></span></p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><em><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/sunhorse.jpg\" alt=\"sunhorse\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/saltsten.png\" alt=\"saltsten\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" /></em></p>\r\n<p><em>We have come to June, and it is summer. This means that your horses need more salt because of the heat, particularly when exercised heavily. A reduction in the fluid volume of the body quickly impairs the performance of horses.</em></p>\r\n<p>The water in the body, which constitutes 60-70% of body weight, has about 10 grams of dissolved salts (minerals) per liter. The salts contribute in an essential way to the functional properties of the body fluids. When salts are dissolved in blood plasma and cell fluid we refer to them as ions or electrolytes. Water intake and fluid balance is regulated both by the water and the electrolytes. The main electrolytes in the body are sodium (Na), potassium (K) and chlorine (Cl). The horse gets its minerals through the feed. In addition to the minerals that occur naturally in plant material, we must in many situations supplement the diet to obtain mineral balance. Concentrates, mineral mixtures and additional salt supplements are used. Common cooking salt has the chemical formula NaCl, and thus consists of sodium and chlorine. When we give a horse the required amount of salt in the ration, we have covered two of the three major electrolytes.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/Na-Req.png\" alt=\"Na-Req\" width=\"556\" height=\"447\" /></p>\r\n<p>The graph shows the requirement for sodium in grams per day (blue bars). Red bars show how much salt (sodium chloride) we need to provide to meet this requirement at different exercise intensities. Daily salt intake must be increased from about 30 grams in a maintenance situation, to more than 120 grams when the horse is exercised intensively. Calculations apply to the summer season, and a body mass of 500 kg. During the winter, requirements will usually be lower, due to lower losses of sodium and chloride through sweat.<br /> <br /> What about potassium? We are not supplying potassium by giving salt in the diet. However, there is plenty of potassium in forage, silage and hay. Normally, the potassium content in roughages will be 20 - 30 grams per kg of dry matter.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/K-Req.jpg\" alt=\"K-Req\" width=\"510\" height=\"358\" /></p>\r\n<p>The graph shows an increasing potassium requirement from about 25 grams per day during maintenance conditions, to 50 grams during intensive training. When you allow your horses a sufficient roughage intake (PC-Horse will guide you), potassium requirements will be met by a good margin. It is therefore only in exceptional cases that you need to provide extra potassium, one example may be during endurance rides.<br /> <br /> The practical conclusion is that we need to add salt to the ration, in considerable amounts in periods with heavy exercise, especially in summer.<br /> <br /> For horses in training, a salt lick in the stable box is usually not adequate. Most horses will not consume enough salt in this situation. It is better to provide salt (granulated or ordinary kitchen salt) directly in the feed trough, preferably together with concentrate. For broodmares and young horses on pasture, sodium intake will be adequate provided they always have access to salt licks.<br /> <br /> To make sure that your horses are getting enough sodium (salt) you can use the PC-Horse program. Once you have defined your horse, remember to select salt together with the other feeds. All feeds contribute Na and Cl to the final diet. Therefore, it is best to add salt at the end, when you have chosen amounts of the other feeds. Select the \"Salt\" line (blue when active), and click the \"Up Arrow\" to increase the amount of salt in the ration until the sodium bar turns green (see screenshot). Congratulations: You have balanced salt requirement and salt supply!</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/Sodium_Help.png\" alt=\"Sodium_Help\" width=\"550\" height=\"294\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;PC-Horse has a dedicated module for pasture nutrition. After selecting the horse and then a pasture grass as feed you will be given the option to click on: Horse on pasture. Here you enter how many hours the horse will graze every day, as well as the quality and quantity of the available pasture grass. From this data the program calculates how much you can assume that the horse will eat and how well its nutritional needs will be met.</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p><strong>What does this mean in practice?</strong><br />Daily intake of roughage varies based on feed quality, production classes, individual appetite and each individual\'s place in the herd hierarchy. This means that we must observe horses in a herd closely and make corrections to the feed offered each individual at night-time or early morning to avoid some individuals growing too fat or too thin.</p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/manual/demos\"><strong><strong>Watch a video on using PC-Horse</strong></strong></a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/news/new-feedlist\"><strong>See what feeds are included in the program´s ready-to-go feed list</strong></a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/articles/topic-of-the-month/other-topics\"><strong>Previous month articles can be found here</strong></a></p>\r\n<p><em><strong>Give us topic suggestions for future monthly articles</strong></em></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/PCHlogo-Science.jpg\" alt=\"PCHlogo-Science\" width=\"165\" height=\"64\" /></p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p>&nbsp; <span class=\"article_separator\"><br /></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 101px; left: 227px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',-2,81,'2011-02-15 15:59:24',62,'','2017-05-25 10:17:32',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-06-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,1,'horses and salt','',1,0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fi-FI',''),(4459,5236,'Les chevaux ont besoin de sel !','june2017-fra','<hr />\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><em><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><em>L\'article est rédigé par Dr. Dag Austbø de l\'Institut norvégien de l\'Université de sciences de la vie. Dr. Dag Austbø et Dr. Knut Hove sont deux des personnes clés derrière le développement de PC-Horse. Leur travail scientifique et leurs réseaux internationaux contribuent au développement perpétuel de PC-Horse et garantissent que nos calculs sont basés sur des données scientifiques validées.</em></span></em></span></p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><em><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/sunhorse.jpg\" alt=\"sunhorse\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/saltsten.png\" alt=\"saltsten\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" /></em></p>\r\n<p>Nous sommes arrivés à juin, c\'est l\'été. Cela signifie que vos chevaux ont besoin de plus de sel en raison de la chaleur, en particulier lorsqu\'ils sont fortement travaillés. Une réduction du volume de liquide du corps nuit rapidement à la performance des chevaux.</p>\r\n<p>L\'eau dans le corps, qui constitue 60-70% du poids corporel, contient environ 10 grammes de sels dissous (minéraux) par litre. Les sels contribuent de manière essentielle aux propriétés fonctionnelles des fluides corporels. Lorsque les sels sont dissous dans le plasma sanguin et le liquide cellulaire, nous les désignons comme des ions ou des électrolytes. La consommation d\'eau et l\'équilibre des fluides sont régulés à la fois par l\'eau et les électrolytes. Les électrolytes principaux dans le corps sont le sodium (Na), le potassium (K) et le chlore (Cl). Le cheval obtient ses minéraux via l\'alimentation. En plus des minéraux qui se trouvent naturellement dans les matières végétales, il faut dans de nombreuses situations compléter le régime alimentaire pour obtenir l\'équilibre minéral. Des concentrés, des mélanges minéraux et des compléments de sel sont utilisés. Le sel alimentaire usuel possède la formule chimique NaCl et se compose donc de sodium et de chlore. Lorsque nous donnons à un cheval la quantité requise de sel dans sa ration, nous avons ainsi couvert deux des trois électrolytes majeur.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/Na-Req.png\" alt=\"Na-Req\" width=\"556\" height=\"447\" /></p>\r\n<p>Le graphique montre le besoin en sodium en grammes par jour (barres bleues). Les barres rouges montrent quelle quantité de sel (chlorure de sodium) nous devons apporter pour répondre à ce besoin selon différentes intensités de travail. L\'apport quotidien en sel doit être ajusté depuis environ 30 grammes dans une situation d\'entretien, à plus de 120 grammes lorsque le cheval est exercé intensivement. Les calculs s\'appliquent à la saison estivale et à une masse corporelle de 500 kg. Pendant l\'hiver, les besoins seront généralement inférieurs, en raison de la baisse des pertes en sodium et en chlorure par la sueur.<br />Qu\'en est-il du potassium ? Nous ne fournissons pas de potassium en donnant du sel dans l\'alimentation. Cependant, il y a beaucoup de potassium dans le fourrage, l\'enrubanné et le foin. Normalement, la teneur en potassium dans les fourrages sera de 20 à 30 grammes par kg de matière sèche.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/K-Req.jpg\" alt=\"K-Req\" width=\"510\" height=\"358\" /></p>\r\n<p>Le graphique montre une augmentation du besoin en potassium depuis environ 25 grammes par jour à l\'entretien, jusqu\'à 50 grammes lors d\'un travail intensif. Lorsque vos chevaux ont la possibilité d’absorber suffisamment de fourrage (PC-Horse vous guidera), les besoins en potassium seront satisfaits avec une bonne marge. C\'est donc seulement dans des cas exceptionnels que vous devrez fournir du potassium supplémentaire, un exemple peut être pendant les courses d\'endurance.</p>\r\n<p>La conclusion pratique est que nous devons ajouter du sel à la ration, en quantité importante dans les périodes avec un entrainement intensif, surtout en été.</p>\r\n<p>Pour les chevaux au travail, un bloc de sel à lécher au box n\'est généralement pas adéquat. La plupart des chevaux ne consommeront pas assez de sel dans cette situation. Il est préférable de fournir du sel (sel de cuisine granulé ou ordinaire) directement dans l\'abreuvoir ou de préférence avec le concentré. Pour les poulinières et les jeunes chevaux au pâturage, l\'apport en sodium sera acceptable à condition qu\'ils aient toujours accès au bloc de sel à lécher.</p>\r\n<p>Pour s\'assurer que vos chevaux reçoivent suffisamment de sodium (sel), vous pouvez utiliser le programme PC-Horse. Une fois que vous avez défini votre cheval, n\'oubliez pas de sélectionner le sel avec les autres aliments. Tous les aliments contribuent au Na et au Cl dans la ration finale. Par conséquent, il est préférable de n\'ajouter du sel qu\'à la fin, lorsque vous aurez choisi les quantités des autres aliments. Sélectionnez la ligne \"Sel\" (en bleu lorsque activé) et cliquez sur \"Flèche vers le haut\" pour augmenter la quantité de sel dans le ration et ce jusqu\'à ce que la barre du sodium soit verte (voir la capture d\'écran). Félicitations: vous avez équilibré les apports en sel par rapport aux besoins !</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/Sodium_Help.png\" alt=\"Sodium_Help\" width=\"550\" height=\"294\" /></p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse dispose d\'un module dédié à la nutrition au pré. Après avoir sélectionné le cheval et ensuite le pâturage comme alimentation, on vous proposera de cliquer sur l\'option : Cheval au pâturage. Ici vous entrerez combien d\'heures le cheval passe par jour au pré, ainsi que la qualité et la quantité de l\'herbe disponible. À partir de ces données, le programme calcule combien vous pouvez supposer que le cheval va manger et à quel point ses besoins nutritionnels seront satisfaits.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Qu\'est-ce que cela signifie dans la pratique?</strong></p>\r\n<p>L\'apport journalier des fourrages varie en fonction de la qualité des aliments, des sortes de production, de l\'appétit individuel et de la place de chaque individu dans la hiérarchie du troupeau. Cela signifie que nous devons observer de près les chevaux dans un troupeau et apporter les corrections par la nourriture proposée à chaque personne à la nuit ou au début de la matinée pour éviter que certains ne deviennent trop gras ou trop maigres.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 101px; left: 227px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 101px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 142px; left: 227px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 443px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 1649px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 1663px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 1675px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:24',62,'','2017-09-05 09:55:49',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-06-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',9,40,'horses and salt','',1,748,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(4460,5237,'Hevoset tarvitsevat suolaa!','june2017-fin','<hr />\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><em><span style=\"line-height: 115%;\"><em>The article is written by Dr. Dag Austbø at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences institution. Dr. Dag Austbø and Dr. Knut Hove are two of the key people behind the development of PC-Horse. Their scientific work and international networks contribute to the continued development of PC-Horse and to secure that our calculations are based on established scientific data.</em></span></em></span></p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><em><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/sunhorse.jpg\" alt=\"sunhorse\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/saltsten.png\" alt=\"saltsten\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" /></em></p>\r\n<p><em>On vihdoin kesäkuu. Kuumuuden vuoksi hevosesi tarvitsee enemmän suolaa, erityisesti raskaassa valmennuksessa. Vajaus elimistön nestemäärässä vaikuttaa nopeasti hevosen suoritustasoon.</em></p>\r\n<p>Elimistössä oleva vesi, jota on 60-70% elopainosta, sisältää noin 10 g liuenneita suoloja (kivennäisaineita) litraa kohti. Suolat vaikuttavat tehokkaasti elimistön nesteiden toiminnallisiin ominaisuuksiin.&nbsp; Kun suolat ovat liuenneet veriplasmaan ja solunesteeseen, kutsumme niitä ioneiksi tai elektrolyyteiksi. Sekä vesi että elektrolyytit säätelevät veden juontia ja nestetasapainoa. Elimistön pääelektrolyytit ovat natrium (Na), kalium (K) ja kloori (Cl). Hevonen saa kivennäiset rehustaan. Kasvien luontaisesti sisältämien kivennäisten lisäksi useissa tilanteissa tulee rehustukseen lisätä kivennäisiä erikseen, jotta kivennäistasapaino saavutetaan. Sopivia vaihtoehtoja ovat väkirehuseokset, kivennäisrehut ja suola. Tavallinen ruokasuola on kemialliselta muodoltaan NaCl, ja sisältää näin natriumia ja klooria. Kun annamme hevoselle tarvittavan määrän suolaa, olemme täyttäneet tarpeen kahdelle kolmesta tärkeästä elektrolyytistä.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/Na-Req.png\" alt=\"Na-Req\" width=\"556\" height=\"447\" /></p>\r\n<p>Kaavio näyttää natriumin tarpeen grammaa/päivä (siniset pylväät). Punaiset pylväät näyttävät kuinka paljon suolaa (natriumkloridia) tarvitaan täyttämään tämä tarve eri rasitustasoilla. Päivittäisen suolan saannin tulee lisääntyä ylläpitotasolla tarvittavasta 30 grammasta yli 120 grammaan kovassa rasituksessa. Laskelmat vastaavat kesäkautta 500 kg painavalla hevosella. Talvella tarve on yleensä pienempi, koska hien mukana poistuu vähemmän natriumia ja klooria.<br /> <br /> Entä kalium? Emme lisää kaliumia rehustukseen suolaa antamalla. Kaliumia on kuitenkin runsaasti karkearehussa, säilöheinässä ja heinässä. Karkearehujen kaliumpitoisuus on tyypillisesti 20 - 30 g/kg kuiva-ainetta.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/K-Req.jpg\" alt=\"K-Req\" width=\"510\" height=\"358\" /></p>\r\n<p>Kaavio näyttää kaliumin tarpeen nousevan ylläpitotason 25 grammasta/päivä 50 grammaan/päivä kovassa rasituksessa. Kun hevonen saa riittävästi karkearehua (PC-Horse opastaa tässä), täyttyy kaliumin tarve hyvällä marginaalilla. Tämän vuoksi vain erittäin harvoin tarvitaan lisäkaliumia, yksi esimerkki on matkaratsastuksen aikana.<br /> <br /> Yhteenvetona voidaan todeta, että käytännössä suolaa tulee lisätä rehustukseen huomattavia määriä erityisesti kesäaikaan raskaassa valmennuksessa oleville hevosille.<br /> <br /> Valmennettaville hevosille suolakivi karsinassa ei yleensä riitä. Tässä tilanteessa useimmat hevoset eivät saa riittävästi suolaa. On parempi lisätä suolaa (rakeista tai tavallista ruokasuolaa) suoraan rehuun, mieluiten väkirehuannoksen joukossa. Laitumella oleville siitostammoille ja nuorille hevosille riittää vapaasti saatavilla oleva suolakivi täyttämään natriumin tarpeen.</p>\r\n<p><br /> Voit varmistaa riittävän natriumin (suolan) saannin PC-Horsen avulla. Kun olet määritellyt hevosesi, muista lisätä suola muiden rehujen lisäksi. Kaikki rehut tuovat lopulliseen rehuannokseen natriumia ja klooria. Tämän vuoksi on parasta lisätä suola lopuksi kun muiden rehujen määrä on kunnossa. Valitse kohta \"Suola\" (sininen, kun valittuna) ja klikkaa nuolta ylöspäin lisätäksesi määrää lopullisessa rehustuksessa kunnes natriumin palkki muuttuu vihreäksi (kuva). Onnittelut: suolatasapaino on kunnossa ja suolan saanti riittävä!</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/Sodium_Help.png\" alt=\"Sodium_Help\" width=\"550\" height=\"294\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;PC-Horse sisältää erityistyökalun laiduntaville. Kun valittuna on hevonen ja rehutuksessa laidunruoho, voit valita toiminnon: Laiduntaa. Lisäät kuinka monta tuntia hevonen päivittäin laiduntaa, sekä laitumella olevan ruohon määrän ja laadun. Näiden tietojen perusteella ohjelma laskee hevosen oletetun syöntimäärän ja kuinka hyvin se täyttää ravintoaineiden tarpeen.</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p><strong>What does this mean in practice?</strong><br />Daily intake of roughage varies based on feed quality, production classes, individual appetite and each individual\'s place in the herd hierarchy. This means that we must observe horses in a herd closely and make corrections to the feed offered each individual at night-time or early morning to avoid some individuals growing too fat or too thin.</p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/manual/demos\"><strong><strong>Watch a video on using PC-Horse</strong></strong></a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/news/new-feedlist\"><strong>See what feeds are included in the program´s ready-to-go feed list</strong></a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php/en/articles/topic-of-the-month/other-topics\"><strong>Previous month articles can be found here</strong></a></p>\r\n<p><em><strong>Give us topic suggestions for future monthly articles</strong></em></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/PCHlogo-Science.jpg\" alt=\"PCHlogo-Science\" width=\"165\" height=\"64\" /></p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p>&nbsp; <span class=\"article_separator\"><br /></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 142px; left: 227px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:24',62,'','2017-09-05 09:55:21',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-06-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,37,'horses salt suolaa  hevoset','',1,659,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fi-FI',''),(4461,5238,'Fruktaanit laidunruohossa','july2017-fi','<p><strong>Laidunruohot muodostavat fruktaania varastohiilihydraatiksi. Koska hevoset eivät sulata fruktaania entsymaattisesti ohutsuolessa, hajoavat ne mikrobien toimesta umpi-paksusuolessa, minkä seurauksena muodostuu haihtuvia rasvahappoja ja maitohappoa. Lisääntynyt maitohappopitoisuus laskee pH:ta ja muuttaa eri suolistomikrobikantojen tasapainoa. Runsas fruktaanin saanti voi tämän vuoksi aiheuttaa vakavia seurauksia, kuten ähkyä ja kaviokuumetta. <br /></strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazing-in-pair.png\" alt=\"grazing in pair\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Mitä fruktaanit ovat?</strong></p>\r\n<p>Fruktaanit koostuvat toisiinsa liittyneistä fruktoosi-yksiköistä. Ketjun pituus voi vaihdella välillä alle 30 ja yli 200. Lyhytketjuiset fruktaanit maistuvat makeilta ja pitkäketjuiset fruktaanit ovat maultaan enemmän neutraaleja. Viileän ilmastovyöhykkeen ruohokasvit muodostavat fruktaania varastohiilihydraatiksi samalla tavoin kuin muut kasvit muodostavat tärkkelystä varastohiilihydraatiksi. Korkein fruktaanipitoisuus on varren alaosassa ja lehtitupessa ja pitoisuus on matalin lehdissä.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/fruktanmolekyl.png\" alt=\"fruktanmolekyl\" width=\"300\" height=\"241\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grassplant.jpg\" alt=\"grassplant\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /></p>\r\n<p>Fruktaaneja muodostuu päivällä fotosynteesissä ja tuotanto on korkeimmillaan lämpiminä aurinkoisina päivinä. Yöllä ei tapahdu fotosynteesiä ja kasvit käyttävät varastoitunutta fruktaania kasvuun ja energianlähteenä.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Fruktaanipitoisuuden vaihteleminen</strong></p>\r\n<p>Eri ruoholajien fruktaanisisältö vaihtelee. Ruokonata (Festuca arundinacea) ja monivuotinen raiheinä (Lolium perenne) sisältävät tavallisesti runsaasti fruktaania, kun taas niittynurmikka (Poa pratensis), timotei (Phleum pratense),&nbsp; koiranheinä (Dactylis glomerata) ja nurminata (Festuca pratensis) sisältävät vähän fruktaania. Joidenkin ruohojen eri lajikkeiden välillä on myös suuria eroja fruktaanipitoisuudessa (monivuotinen raiheinä ja ruokonata).</p>\r\n<p>Kesällä ruohot kasvavat ja keräävät fruktaania päiväsaikaan. Kun yölämpötila on yli 6<sup>o</sup>C, kasvavat ruohot myös yöllä. Koska fotosynteesiä ei kuitenkaan tapahdu yöllä, käyttävät kasvit varastoitunutta fruktaania energianlähteenä. Näissä olosuhteissa fruktaania kertyy kasviin päivällä pitoisuuden ollessa korkeimmillaan iltapäivällä ja matalimmillaan aamulla.</p>\r\n<p>On myös tärkeää, että laidunruoholla on olosuhteet, jotka mahdollistavat kasvun. Kunnollinen lannoitus ja riittävästi vettä parantaa kasvua ja näin myös fruktaanin käyttöä yöllä.</p>\r\n<p>Aikaisin keväällä ja myöhään syksyllä lämpötila voi yöllä olla matala ja ruohon kasvu pysähtyy. Tämä tarkoittaa, että fruktaania ei käytetä yöaikaan ja kasvin fruktaanipitoisuus voi olla korkea myös aamulla.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>Yleiset suositukset<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Hevoset ovat herkkiä ruoansulatuskanavan häiröille laidunkauden alkaessa. Ähky- ja kaviokuumeriskin minimoimiseksi hevoset tulee totuttaa laidunruohoon vähitellen. On myös suositeltavaa, ettei laidunta syödä liian matalaksi, sillä fruktaanipitoisuus on suurin varren alaosassa.</p>\r\n<p>Herkkiä hevosia tulisi laiduntaa silloin kun ruohon fruktaanipitoisuus on matalimmillaan tai niille voidaan laittaa turpakopat rajoittamaan ruohon syöntiä. Suurimmalle osalle tavallisista hevosista fruktaani ei aiheuta isoja ongelmia, kunhan ne saavat riittävän pitkän totuttelujakson laitumelle siirryttäessä. Ponit kuitenkin ovat erityisen herkkiä ja monille poneille sopii rajoitettu laiduntaminen, ei ainoastaan fruktaanin vuoksi, vaan ne usein myös lihovat erittäin runsaasti&nbsp; laidunkauden aikana.</p>\r\n<p><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /><em> Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2013.</em><br /><em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:09',62,'','2018-05-29 06:55:08',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-07-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,36,'','',1,478,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fi-FI',''),(4462,5239,'Fructans in pasture grasses','july2017-nl','<p><strong>Pasture grasses produce fructans as a storage carbohydrate. As the horse cannot digest the fructans enzymatically in the small intestine, they are digested by the microbes in the hind-gut, leading to production of volatile fatty acids and lactate. Increased lactate concentration lowers pH and alters the balance between the different strains of gut microbes. High intake of fructans can therefore lead to severe conditions as colic and laminitis in horses. </strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazing-in-pair.png\" alt=\"grazing in pair\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>What are fructans?</strong></p>\r\n<p>Fructans consist of fructose units that are linked together. The chain length can vary from less than 30 to more than 200. Short-chain fructans have a sweet taste while the long-chain fructans have a more neutral taste. Cool season grasses produce fructans as a storage carbohydrate in the same way as other plants produce starch as a storage carbohydrate. The highest concentration of fructan in grasses is found in the lower part of the stem and in the leave sheaths, and lower concentration in the leaves.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/fruktanmolekyl.png\" alt=\"fruktanmolekyl\" width=\"300\" height=\"241\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grassplant.jpg\" alt=\"grassplant\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /></p>\r\n<p>Fructans are produced during daytime through photosynthesis, and levels of production are highest on warm sunny days. During night-time, without photosynthesis, the plants use the stored fructans for growth and for energy.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Variations in fructan content.</strong></p>\r\n<p>Different grass species vary in their fructan content. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and Perennnial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) are normally higher in fructans, while Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), Timothy (Phleum pratense), Orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) and Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) are lower in fructans. There may also be large variations in fructan content between cultivars within some species (Perennial ryegrass and Tall fescue).</p>\r\n<p>During summer, grasses grow and accumulate fructans during the daytime. Grasses can also grow at night, in temperatures higher than 6<sup>o</sup>C. However, since no photosynthesis is available at night, the grasses uses the stored fructans for energy. Under these conditions, the concentration of fructans builds up during the day, being highest in the afternoon, and is lowest in the morning.</p>\r\n<p>It is also important that pasture grasses have the conditions that stimulate growth. Proper fertilization and adequate supplies of water increase plant growth and hence the utilization of fructans during the night.</p>\r\n<p>In early spring and late fall, temperatures can be low at night and the grasses can stop growing. This means that no fructans are utilized during night-time and fructan content can remain high for the morning.</p>\r\n<p><strong>General recommendations</strong></p>\r\n<p>Horses are subject to digestive upsets associated with the start of the grazing season. To minimize the risk of colic and laminitis, be sure to let them adapt gradually to the pasture grass. It is also recommended to not allow them to graze too hard, as it is the lower parts of the plant stem that have the highest concentration of fructans.</p>\r\n<p>Sensitive horses should be grazed at times when the fructan concentration is lowest. They can also be muzzled to help restrict grass intake. Most normal horses will have few problems with fructans as long as they are allowed sufficient time to adapt to grazing conditions. However, ponies seem to be especially sensitive and grazing, for them, should be restricted. This is not only because of fructans, but also their tendency to grow very fat during summer grazing.</p>\r\n<p><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /><em> Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2013.</em><br /><em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:09',62,'','2017-09-05 09:54:34',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-07-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,34,'','',1,360,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL','');
INSERT INTO `pjtfu_content` VALUES (4463,5240,'Fructans in pasture grasses','july2017-de','<p><strong>Pasture grasses produce fructans as a storage carbohydrate. As the horse cannot digest the fructans enzymatically in the small intestine, they are digested by the microbes in the hind-gut, leading to production of volatile fatty acids and lactate. Increased lactate concentration lowers pH and alters the balance between the different strains of gut microbes. High intake of fructans can therefore lead to severe conditions as colic and laminitis in horses. </strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazing-in-pair.png\" alt=\"grazing in pair\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>What are fructans?</strong></p>\r\n<p>Fructans consist of fructose units that are linked together. The chain length can vary from less than 30 to more than 200. Short-chain fructans have a sweet taste while the long-chain fructans have a more neutral taste. Cool season grasses produce fructans as a storage carbohydrate in the same way as other plants produce starch as a storage carbohydrate. The highest concentration of fructan in grasses is found in the lower part of the stem and in the leave sheaths, and lower concentration in the leaves.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/fruktanmolekyl.png\" alt=\"fruktanmolekyl\" width=\"300\" height=\"241\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grassplant.jpg\" alt=\"grassplant\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /></p>\r\n<p>Fructans are produced during daytime through photosynthesis, and levels of production are highest on warm sunny days. During night-time, without photosynthesis, the plants use the stored fructans for growth and for energy.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Variations in fructan content.</strong></p>\r\n<p>Different grass species vary in their fructan content. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and Perennnial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) are normally higher in fructans, while Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), Timothy (Phleum pratense), Orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) and Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) are lower in fructans. There may also be large variations in fructan content between cultivars within some species (Perennial ryegrass and Tall fescue).</p>\r\n<p>During summer, grasses grow and accumulate fructans during the daytime. Grasses can also grow at night, in temperatures higher than 6<sup>o</sup>C. However, since no photosynthesis is available at night, the grasses uses the stored fructans for energy. Under these conditions, the concentration of fructans builds up during the day, being highest in the afternoon, and is lowest in the morning.</p>\r\n<p>It is also important that pasture grasses have the conditions that stimulate growth. Proper fertilization and adequate supplies of water increase plant growth and hence the utilization of fructans during the night.</p>\r\n<p>In early spring and late fall, temperatures can be low at night and the grasses can stop growing. This means that no fructans are utilized during night-time and fructan content can remain high for the morning.</p>\r\n<p><strong>General recommendations</strong></p>\r\n<p>Horses are subject to digestive upsets associated with the start of the grazing season. To minimize the risk of colic and laminitis, be sure to let them adapt gradually to the pasture grass. It is also recommended to not allow them to graze too hard, as it is the lower parts of the plant stem that have the highest concentration of fructans.</p>\r\n<p>Sensitive horses should be grazed at times when the fructan concentration is lowest. They can also be muzzled to help restrict grass intake. Most normal horses will have few problems with fructans as long as they are allowed sufficient time to adapt to grazing conditions. However, ponies seem to be especially sensitive and grazing, for them, should be restricted. This is not only because of fructans, but also their tendency to grow very fat during summer grazing.</p>\r\n<p><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /><em> Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2013.</em><br /><em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:09',62,'','2017-09-05 09:54:11',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-07-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,33,'','',1,613,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(4464,5241,'Fructanes dans l’herbe des prairies','july2017-fr','<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>L’herbe des pâturages produit des fructanes, hydrate de carbone de stockage. <span class=\"alt-edited\">Comme le cheval</span> ne digère pas les fructanes par voie enzymatique dans l\'intestin grêle, ils sont digérés par les <span class=\"alt-edited\">bactéries présentes dans</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">le gros intestin</span>, conduisant à la production d\'acides gras volatils et <span class=\"alt-edited\">de lactate</span>. <span class=\"alt-edited\">L\'augmentation de la concentration de lactate</span> abaisse le pH et modifie l\'équilibre entre les différentes souches de <span class=\"alt-edited\">bactéries</span> de l\'intestin. Une forte consommation de fructanes peut donc conduire <span class=\"alt-edited\">à des situations difficiles</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">comme les coliques</span> et la fourbure chez les chevaux.</strong></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazing-in-pair.png\" alt=\"grazing in pair\" /></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Qu’est-ce que les fructanes&nbsp;?</strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Les fructanes sont constitués d’unités de fructose liées entre elles. La longueur de la chaine peut varier de moins de 30 à plus de 200. Les fructanes à courte chaine ont un goût sucré alors que les fructanes à longue chaine ont un goût plus neutre. A la saison froide l’herbe produit des fructanes pour stocker les hydrates de carbone de la même façon que les autres plantes produisent de l’amidon comme glucides de réserve. La plus forte concentration en fructane dans l’herbe se trouve dans la partie inférieure de la tige et dans les structures des feuilles, et la plus faible concentration dans les feuilles.</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/fruktanmolekyl.png\" alt=\"fruktanmolekyl\" width=\"300\" height=\"241\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grassplant.jpg\" alt=\"grassplant\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"line-height: 107%;\"></span>Les fructanes sont produits durant la journée grâce à la photosynthèse, et la production est la plus forte les journées chaudes et ensoleillées. Pendant la nuit il n’y a pas de photosynthèse et les plantes utilisent le fructane stocké pour leur croissance et l’énergie.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Variations de la teneur en fructane</strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">La teneur en fructane varie selon les différentes espèces d’herbe. La fétuque élevée (Festuca arundinacea) et le raygrass anglais (Lolium perenne) contiennent généralement des niveaux plus élevés de fructanes, alors que le pâturin des prés (Poa pratensis), la fléole des prés (Phleum pratense), le dactyle pelotonné (Dactylis glomerata) et la fétuque des prés (Festuca pratensis) en sont plus faiblement dotés. Il peut aussi y avoir de grandes variations dans la teneur en fructanes selon les cultivars au sein de certaines espèces (de ray-grass anglais et fétuque élevée).</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Pendant l\'été, les herbes poussent et accumulent <span class=\"alt-edited\">les fructanes</span> pendant la journée. Lorsque la température la nuit est supérieure à 6 ° C, les herbes poussent également pendant la nuit. Toutefois, étant donné qu\'il n\'y a pas la photosynthèse la nuit, les herbes <span class=\"alt-edited\">utilisent les</span> fructanes <span class=\"alt-edited\">stockés</span> pour l\'énergie. Dans ces conditions<span class=\"alt-edited\">, il est logique que la concentration</span> en fructanes <span class=\"alt-edited\">accumulée</span> au cours de la journée, soit <span class=\"alt-edited\">plus élevée dans</span> l\'après-midi, <span class=\"alt-edited\">et soient faibles</span> dans la matinée.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Il est également important que les <span class=\"alt-edited\">herbes des pâturages</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">aient des conditions</span> qui stimule la croissance. Une fertilisation adéquate <span class=\"alt-edited\">et une quantité d\'eau suffisante augmentent la croissance</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">des</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">plantes</span> et donc <span class=\"alt-edited\">l\'utilisation des</span> fructanes durant la nuit.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Au début du printemps <span class=\"alt-edited\">et à la</span> fin de l\'automne, la température peut être faible la nuit et <span class=\"alt-edited\">du coup l\'herbe</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">cesse de croître</span>. Cela signifie qu\'aucun fructane <span class=\"alt-edited\">n\'est utilisé pendant</span> la nuit et la teneur en fructane <span class=\"alt-edited\">peut alors être élevée</span> aussi dans la matinée.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Recommandations générales</strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Les chevaux sont soumis à des troubles digestifs <span class=\"alt-edited\">associés au</span> début de <span class=\"alt-edited\">la saison de mise à l\'herbe</span>. Pour minimiser le risque de coliques et <span class=\"alt-edited\">de fourbure</span>, assurez-vous de laisser les chevaux <span class=\"alt-edited\">s\'adapter</span> progressivement à l\'herbe des pâturages. Il est également recommandé de ne pas <span class=\"alt-edited\">les laisser brouter</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">trop ras</span>, <span class=\"alt-edited\">sachant que</span> les parties inférieures de la tige de la plante <span class=\"alt-edited\">ont</span> la plus forte concentration <span class=\"alt-edited\">en fructanes</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Les chevaux sensibles <span class=\"alt-edited\">doivent être mis au pré</span> à des moments où la concentration <span class=\"alt-edited\">en</span> fructanes est <span class=\"alt-edited\">la plus basse. On pourrait</span> également <span class=\"alt-edited\">leur mettre un panier</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">afin de limiter l\'apport</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">en herbe</span>. La plupart des chevaux normaux auront peu de problèmes <span class=\"alt-edited\">avec les fructanes</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">du moment qu\'ils</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">bénéficient d\'</span>une adaptation suffisante aux conditions de pâturage. Cependant, <span class=\"alt-edited\">les poneys</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">semblent être</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">particulièrement sensibles</span> et le pâturage doit, pour <span class=\"alt-edited\">beaucoup d\'entre eux,</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">être limité</span> non seulement à cause des fructanes, mais aussi <span class=\"alt-edited\">parce qu\'ils ont tendance</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">à prendre</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">beaucoup de gras</span> avec l’herbe d\'été.</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><em>Cet article original a été écrit par le Dr Dag Austbo.</em></span><br /><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><em>Copyright : PC-Horse International – Norvège 2013.</em></span><br /><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><em>Vous pouvez utiliser ou publier tout ou partie de ce texte, en indiquant la source et l\'auteur.</em></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:09',62,'','2017-09-05 09:53:47',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-07-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,31,'','',1,525,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(4465,5242,'Fruktaner i betesgräset','july2017-sv','<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php/sv/articles/topic-of-the-month/topics-topics/619-topics/topics-feedback/3879-vill-du-kommentera-var-manadsartikel\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p><strong>Betesgräs producerar fruktaner som ett energilager. Då hästen inte kan smälta fruktaner enzymatiskt i tunntarmen, blir de istället smälta i blindtarmen och tjocktarmen. Detta leder till en ökad produktion av flyktiga fettsyror och av mjölksyra. Den ökade koncentrationen av mjölksyra i tarmen sänker pH-värdet och stör balansen mellan de olika slagen av tarmmikrob er. Högt intag av fruktaner kan därför leda till allvarliga sjukdomstillstånd - t.ex kolik och fång.<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazing-in-pair.png\" alt=\"grazing in pair\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Vad är fruktaner?</strong></p>\r\n<p>Fruktaner består av fruktos-enheter som är sammankopplade. Kedjornas längd kan variera från mindre än 30 till mer än 200. Kortkedjade fruktaner har en sötaktig smak, medan de långkedjade däremot har en mer neutral smak. Tempererade gräsarter, som de vi har i de Skandinaviska länderna, producderar fruktaner som ett energilager på samma sätt som andra växter producerar stärkelse som energilager. Den högsta koncentrationen av fruktaner finns i den nedre delen av stjälken och i bladfästena. Det lägsta innehållet döljer sig i själva bladen.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/fruktanmolekyl.png\" alt=\"fruktanmolekyl\" width=\"300\" height=\"241\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grassplant.jpg\" alt=\"grassplant\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /></p>\r\n<p>Fruktaner produceras i fotosyntes under den ljusa delen av dygnet, och produktionen är högst under varma och solrika dagar. Om natten förekommer ingen fotosyntes och plantorna använder då de lagrade fruktyanerna som energi för att växa.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Variationer i fruktan-innehåll</strong></p>\r\n<p>De olika grässorterna varierar i fruktaninnehåll. Strandsvingel (Festuca arundinacea) och flerårigt Raigräs (Lolium perenne) kan variera avsevärt när det gäller mängden fruktan, medan Bakkerapp, också känt som Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), Timotej (Phleum pratense), Hundgräs (Dactylis glomerata) och Ängsvingel (Festuca pratensis) har ett lägre innehåll av fruktan. Men det kan dessutom föreligga stora variationer i fruktaninnehållet inom samma grässort - då i synnerhet hos Strandsvingel och flerårigt Raigräs.</p>\r\n<p>Under sommaren växer gräset och lagrar upp fruktaner under dagen. Om temperaturen under natten är högre än 6<sup>o</sup>C växer gräset även under natten. Om det inte finns något solljus uppstår ingen fotosyntes varvid plantorna använder det lagrade fruktanet som energikälla för att växa. Under sådana förhållanden kommer fruktaninnehållet i plantorna att vara lågt på morgonen och öka under dagen för att sedan återigen förbrukas under natten så att fruktaninnehållet återigen är relativt lågt på morgonen.</p>\r\n<p>Det är viktigt att betesgräset har förutsättningar som stimulerar till växt. Gödsling och tillräckligt med vatten stimulerar tillväxten och därmed förbrukningen av fruktan under nattetid. Plantor som blir stressade av dålig näringstillgång eller torka växer dåligt och kan då få ett högt fruktaninnehåll.</p>\r\n<p>Om våren, och sent på hösten, kan temperaturen sjunka så lågt på natten att gräset slutar att växa. Då förbrukas inte fruktan om natten med påföljd att dess innehåll är högt även på morgonen.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Generella råd</strong></p>\r\n<p>Hästar har lätt för att få matsmältningsrelaterade sjukdomar i samband med övergång till bete. För att minska risken för kolik eller fång bör de därför ges tillfälle att gradvis tillvänja sig till betesgången. Vi vill också rekommendera att gräset inte betas för hårt ner då det är den nedersta delen av stjälken som har den högsta koncentrationen av fruktan.</p>\r\n<p>Känsliga hästar bör släppas på bete under den tiden på dygnet som fruktaninnehållet i gräset är som lägst. Alternativt kan de beläggas med munkorg för att minska deras intag. De flesta normala hästar har inga eller små, problem med fruktan så de givits gradvis tillvänjning av betesgång. Ponnier verkar emellertid vara mer känsliga än andra hästar, och betestiden bör för många av dessa begränsas inte bara på grund av fruktanet i gräset, utan också därför att många ponnier blir alldeles för feta under loppet av sommarens betesperiod.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php/sv/articles/topic-of-the-month/topics-topics/619-topics/topics-feedback/3879-vill-du-kommentera-var-manadsartikel\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2012.</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 125px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:09',62,'','2017-09-05 09:53:06',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-07-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,29,'','',1,802,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(4466,5243,'Fructans in pasture grasses','july2017-eng','<p><strong>Pasture grasses produce fructans as a storage carbohydrate. As the horse cannot digest the fructans enzymatically in the small intestine, they are digested by the microbes in the hind-gut, leading to production of volatile fatty acids and lactate. Increased lactate concentration lowers pH and alters the balance between the different strains of gut microbes. High intake of fructans can therefore lead to severe conditions as colic and laminitis in horses. </strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazing-in-pair.png\" alt=\"grazing in pair\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>What are fructans?</strong></p>\r\n<p>Fructans consist of fructose units that are linked together. The chain length can vary from less than 30 to more than 200. Short-chain fructans have a sweet taste while the long-chain fructans have a more neutral taste. Cool season grasses produce fructans as a storage carbohydrate in the same way as other plants produce starch as a storage carbohydrate. The highest concentration of fructan in grasses is found in the lower part of the stem and in the leave sheaths, and lower concentration in the leaves.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/fruktanmolekyl.png\" alt=\"fruktanmolekyl\" width=\"300\" height=\"241\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grassplant.jpg\" alt=\"grassplant\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /></p>\r\n<p>Fructans are produced during daytime through photosynthesis, and levels of production are highest on warm sunny days. During night-time, without photosynthesis, the plants use the stored fructans for growth and for energy.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Variations in fructan content.</strong></p>\r\n<p>Different grass species vary in their fructan content. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and Perennnial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) are normally higher in fructans, while Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), Timothy (Phleum pratense), Orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) and Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) are lower in fructans. There may also be large variations in fructan content between cultivars within some species (Perennial ryegrass and Tall fescue).</p>\r\n<p>During summer, grasses grow and accumulate fructans during the daytime. Grasses can also grow at night, in temperatures higher than 6<sup>o</sup>C. However, since no photosynthesis is available at night, the grasses uses the stored fructans for energy. Under these conditions, the concentration of fructans builds up during the day, being highest in the afternoon, and is lowest in the morning.</p>\r\n<p>It is also important that pasture grasses have the conditions that stimulate growth. Proper fertilization and adequate supplies of water increase plant growth and hence the utilization of fructans during the night.</p>\r\n<p>In early spring and late fall, temperatures can be low at night and the grasses can stop growing. This means that no fructans are utilized during night-time and fructan content can remain high for the morning.</p>\r\n<p><strong>General recommendations</strong></p>\r\n<p>Horses are subject to digestive upsets associated with the start of the grazing season. To minimize the risk of colic and laminitis, be sure to let them adapt gradually to the pasture grass. It is also recommended to not allow them to graze too hard, as it is the lower parts of the plant stem that have the highest concentration of fructans.</p>\r\n<p>Sensitive horses should be grazed at times when the fructan concentration is lowest. They can also be muzzled to help restrict grass intake. Most normal horses will have few problems with fructans as long as they are allowed sufficient time to adapt to grazing conditions. However, ponies seem to be especially sensitive and grazing, for them, should be restricted. This is not only because of fructans, but also their tendency to grow very fat during summer grazing.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /><em> Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2013.</em><br /><em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:09',62,'','2017-09-05 09:52:39',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-07-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,27,'','',1,636,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(4467,5244,'Fruktaner i beitegras','july2017-no','<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php/nb/articles/topic-of-the-month/topics-topics/619-topics/topics-feedback/3880-poll-nb\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p><strong>Beitegras produserer fruktaner som et energilager. Da hesten ikke kan fordøye fruktaner enzymatisk i tynntarmen, blir de fordøye mikrobielt i blintarm og tykktarm. Dette fører til økt produksjon av flyktige fettsyrer og melkesyre. Økt konsentrasjon av melkesyre i tarmen senker pH verdien og forstyrrer balansen mellom de ulike typene av tarmmikrober. Høyt inntak av fruktaner kan derfor føre til alvorlige sykdomstilstander som kolikk og forfangenhet.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazing-in-pair.png\" alt=\"grazing in pair\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Hva er fruktaner?</strong></p>\r\n<p>Fruktaner består av fruktose enheter som er koblet sammen. Kjedelengden kan variere fra mindre enn 30 til mer enn 200. Kortkjedede fruktaner har en søt smak, mens de langkjedede har en mer nøytral smak. Tempererte grasarter, som de vi har i de skandinaviske landene, produserer fruktaner som et energilager på samme måte som andre planter produserer stivelse som energilager. Den høyeste konsentrasjonen av fruktaner finnes i den nedre delen av stilken og i bladfestene, mens lavest innhold finnes i selve bladene.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/fruktanmolekyl.png\" alt=\"fruktanmolekyl\" width=\"300\" height=\"241\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grassplant.jpg\" alt=\"grassplant\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /></p>\r\n<p>Fruktaner produseres ved fotosyntese gjennom den lyse delen av døgnet, og produksjonen er høyest på varme solrike dager. Om natten er det ikke fotosyntese og plantene bruker da de lagrede fruktanene som energi for å vokse.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Variasjoner i fruktaninnhold</strong></p>\r\n<p>De ulike grasartene varierer i fruktaninnhold. Strandsvingel (Festuca arundinacea) og Flerårig raigras (Lolium perenne) kan være høye i fruktan, mens Bakkerapp, også kjent som Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), Timotei (Phleum pratense), Hundegras (Dactylis glomerata) og Engsvingel (Festuca pratensis) har mindre fruktan. Det kan likevel være store variasjoner i fruktaninnhold mellom ulike sorter innen samme art hos særlig Strandsvingel og Flerårig raigras.</p>\r\n<p>Om sommeren vokser graset og lagrer opp fruktaner i løpet av dagen. Når temperaturen om natta er høyere enn 6<sup>o</sup>C vokser graset også om natta. Siden det da ikke er sollys vil det ikke være fotosyntese og plantene bruker lagret fruktan som energikilde for vekst. Under slike forhold vil fruktaninnholdet i plantene være lavt om morgenen og øke utover dagen for så å forbrukes om natta slik at fruktaninnholdet er relativt lavt igjen om morgenen.</p>\r\n<p>Det er viktig at beitegraset har forhold som stimulerer til vekst. Gjødsling og nok vann øker planteveksten og dermed forbruket av fruktan gjennom natta. Planter som blir stresset av dårlig næringstilgang eller tørke vokser lite og kan få et høyt fruktaninnhold.</p>\r\n<p>Om våren og sent på høsten kan temperaturen være så lav om natta at graset slutter å vokse. Da blir det heller ikke brukt fruktan om natta og innholdet i graset kan være høyt også om morgenen.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Generelle råd</strong></p>\r\n<p>Hester har lett for å få fordøyelsesrelaterte sykdommer i forbindelse med overgang til beite. For å minske risikoen for kolikk eller forfangenhet må hestene få mulighet til å gradvis tilvenne seg å gå på beite. Det blir også anbefalt å ikke beite for hardt ned, da det er nederste delen av stengelen som har høyeste konsentrasjon av fruktan.</p>\r\n<p>Sensitive hester bør slippes på beite på tider av døgnet da fruktaninnholdet i graset er lavest, eller de kan få satt på munnkurv for å redusere opptaket av beitegras. De fleste normale hester vil ha lite problemer med fruktan så lenge de har fått gradvis tilvenning til å gå på beite. Ponnier synes imidlertid mer sensitive enn andre hester, og beitetiden bør for mange av disse begrenses ikke bare på grunn av fruktan i graset, men også fordi mange ponnier lett blir svært feite i løpet av en beitesommer.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><em><a href=\"index.php/nb/articles/topic-of-the-month/topics-topics/619-topics/topics-feedback/3880-poll-nb\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></em></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em><br />This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2012.</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 125px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:09',62,'','2017-09-05 09:52:12',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-07-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,25,'','',1,581,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(4468,5245,'Fruktaner ved afgræsning','july2017-dk','<div>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php/da/619-topics/topics-feedback/3881-poll-dk\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>Når græsplanterne vokser danner de fruktaner som en form for energireserve. Da hesten ikke kan fordøje fruktaner enzymatisk i tyndtarmen, bliver de fordøjet mikrobielt i blind- og tyktarm, hvilket fører til en øget produktion af flygtige fedtsyrer og mælkesyre. En øget koncentration af mælkesyre i tarmen sænker pH værdien og forstyrrer balansen mellem de forskellige typer af tarmmikrober. Højt indtag af fruktaner kan derfor føre til alvorlige sygdomstilstande som kolik og forfangenhed.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazing-in-pair.png\" alt=\"grazing in pair\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Hvad er fruktaner?</strong></p>\r\n<p>Fruktaner består af fruktose enheder som er koblet sammen i en kæde. Kædelængden kan variere fra mindre end 30 til mere end 200 molekyler. Kortkædedede fruktaner har en sødlig smag, mens de langkædede har en mere neutral smag. Tempererede græsarter, som dem vi har i de skandinaviske lande, producerer fruktaner som et energilager på samme måde som andre planter producerer stivelse som energilager. Den højeste koncentration af fruktaner findes i den nederste del af stængelen og i bladstilken, mens det laveste indhold findes i selve bladene.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/fruktanmolekyl.png\" alt=\"fruktanmolekyl\" width=\"300\" height=\"241\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grassplant.jpg\" alt=\"grassplant\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /></p>\r\n<p>Fruktaner dannes ved fotosyntese i løbet af den lyse del af døgnet og produktionen er højest på varme solrige dage. Om natten er der ingen fotosyntese og planterne forbruger da de lagrede fruktanr som energikilde til vækst.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Variationer i fruktanindhold</strong></p>\r\n<p>De forskellige græsarter varierer i indholdet af fruktan. Strandsvingel (Festuca arundinacea) og Flerårig rajgras (Lolium perenne) kan have et højt indhold af fruktan, mens Engrapgræs, også kendt som Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), Timote (Phleum pratense), Hundegræs (Dactylis glomerata) og Engsvingel (Festuca pratensis) indeholder mindre fruktan. Det kan alligevel være store variationer i fruktanindholdet mellem de forskellige sorter indenfor samme art særligt for Strandsvingel og Flerårig raigræs.</p>\r\n<p>Om sommeren vokser græsset og oplagrer fruktaner i løbet af dagen. Når temperaturen om natten er højere end 6<sup>o</sup>C vokser græsset også om natten. Eftersom der ikke er sollys vil der ikke være nogen fotosyntese og planterne vil bruge den lagrede fruktan som energikilde for vækst. Under sådanne forhold vil fruktanindholdet i planterne være lavt om morgenen og efterfølgende stige i løbet af dagen for så at blive forbrugt om natten sådan at at fruktanindholdet er relativt lavt igen næste morgen.</p>\r\n<p>Det er vigtigt at græsmarken har gode vækstforhold. Gødskning og nok vand øger plantevæksten og dermed forbruget af fruktan i løbet af natten. Planter som bliver stresset af dårlig næringstilgang eller tørke vokser kun lidt og kan derfor have et ganske højt fruktanindhold.</p>\r\n<p>Om foråret og sent om sommeren kan temperaturen være så lav om natten at græsset slutter med at vokse. Under sådanne forhold bliver der heller ikke brugt fruktan om natten og indholdet i græssset kan være højt om morgenen.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Generelle råd</strong></p>\r\n<p>Hester har let ved at få fordøjelsesrelaterede sygdomme i forbindelse med overgangen til græs. For at mindske risikoen for kolik eller forfangenhed må hestene have mulighed for gradvist at tilvende sig til at gå på græs. Det bliver også anbefalet ikke at græsse marken for hårdt ned, da særligt den nederste delen af stængelen har den højeste koncentration af fruktan.</p>\r\n<p>Heste som er særligt følsomme overfor fruktan&nbsp;&nbsp; bør slippes på græs på tider af døgnet hvor fruktanindholdet i græsset er mindst, eller man kan give dem en mundkurv på for at reducere optagelsen af græs. En flytbar el-trådhvorved hestene kun får adgangtil et lille stykke af græsmarken hver dag er også en god metode til at forhindre at de æder for meget.</p>\r\n<p>De fleste normale hester vil kun have mindre problemer med fruktan under forudsætning af at de har fået gradvis tilvænning til græsmarken. Småheste og ponyer virker &nbsp;imidlertid mere sensitive end andre heste, og græsningstiden bør for mange af disse begrænses ikke bare på grund af fruktanindholdet i græsset, men også fordi mange småheste og ponyer generelt let bliver for fede i løbet af en sommergræsning.</p>\r\n<div>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php/da/619-topics/topics-feedback/3881-poll-dk\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n<p><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø and Landskonsulent eric Clausen.</em><br /><em> Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2012.</em><br /><em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:09',62,'','2017-09-05 09:51:42',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-07-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,23,'','',1,530,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(4469,5247,'How to define the level of exercise for your horse?','aug2017-eng','<p><strong>The energy requirement of exercising horses is mainly depending on the horse’s body weight and the amount of exercise. However, many find it difficult to define the average amount of exercise over a given period, eg over one or two weeks.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-1-training.jpg\" alt=\"00 1 training\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-2-training-jump.jpg\" alt=\"00 2 training jump\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-4-dressyr.jpg\" alt=\"00 4 dressyr\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-3-start.jpg\" alt=\"00 3 start\" /></p>\r\n<p>When using PC-Horse to set up rations for exercised horses, you will have to provide information about the average level of exercise or training. You can select the pre-defined levels by double-clicking on the blue text or moving the slider along the scale (see figure). Initially it is recommended to select the pre-defined level you think fits your horse. You can later adjust the training level as you gain experience with the program.</p>\r\n<p>For a given horse, you can inspect the training level by doing the following: Define the horse in the PC-Horse program. If the horse is maintaining a steady body condition on it’s present ration, we can assume that the energy content of the ration is close to the actual requirement. Enter the present ration into PC-Horse and go to the training window (see picture). Here you see how much energy the present ration provides. Then you can use the blue slider and adjust the level of training until the Energy requirement (upper blue arrow) is equal to the energy that the ration provides (lower blue arrow).</p>\r\n<p>It is important to closely monitor any changes in the horse’s body condition. If the horse puts on weight, the training level is set too high. If the horse looses weight, the training level has to be increased. Then the rations have to be adjusted according to the new training levels.</p>\r\n<p>The logic behind this is:</p>\r\n<p>When the training level is set too high, PC-Horse calculates a high energy requirement, higher than the horse needs, and the ration will provide too much energy. The result is that the horse grow fat.</p>\r\n<p>If the training level is set too low, PC-Horse calculates the energy requirement to be too low, and the ration calculated gives to little energy, and the horse looses weight.</p>\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/44-aug.png\" alt=\"44 aug\" /></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Some general advice:</strong><br /><br /><em>Maintenance (0):</em> No training.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Light training:</em> Energy requirement increased by 25%. Recreational riding or driving. Beginning of training programs.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Moderate training:</em> Energy requirement increased by 50%. More active recreational riding or driving. Dressage and show jumping, distance riding and other activities.with higher intensity.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Heavy training:</em> Energy requirement increased by 75%. For trotters, show jumpers, distance riding and for other types of horses that are trained heavily several times per week.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Very heavy training:</em> Energy requirement increased by 100%. For thoroughbred race horses and heavily trained standardbred trotters.</p>\r\n<p>Note that these levels are only guidelines. There will be substantial variation between individual horses and different training programs.</p>\r\n<p><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /><em> Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2013.</em><br /><em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 97px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 424px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 424px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:09',62,'','2017-12-08 14:28:34',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-08-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',9,20,'','',1,591,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(4470,5248,'How to define the level of exercise for your horse?','aug2017-nl','<p><strong>The energy requirement of exercising horses is mainly depending on the horse’s body weight and the amount of exercise. However, many find it difficult to define the average amount of exercise over a given period, eg over one or two weeks.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-1-training.jpg\" alt=\"00 1 training\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-2-training-jump.jpg\" alt=\"00 2 training jump\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-4-dressyr.jpg\" alt=\"00 4 dressyr\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-3-start.jpg\" alt=\"00 3 start\" /></p>\r\n<p>When using PC-Horse to set up rations for exercised horses, you will have to provide information about the average level of exercise or training. You can select the pre-defined levels by double-clicking on the blue text or moving the slider along the scale (see figure). Initially it is recommended to select the pre-defined level you think fits your horse. You can later adjust the training level as you gain experience with the program.</p>\r\n<p>For a given horse, you can inspect the training level by doing the following: Define the horse in the PC-Horse program. If the horse is maintaining a steady body condition on it’s present ration, we can assume that the energy content of the ration is close to the actual requirement. Enter the present ration into PC-Horse and go to the training window (see picture). Here you see how much energy the present ration provides. Then you can use the blue slider and adjust the level of training until the Energy requirement (upper blue arrow) is equal to the energy that the ration provides (lower blue arrow).</p>\r\n<p>It is important to closely monitor any changes in the horse’s body condition. If the horse puts on weight, the training level is set too high. If the horse looses weight, the training level has to be increased. Then the rations have to be adjusted according to the new training levels.</p>\r\n<p>The logic behind this is:</p>\r\n<p>When the training level is set too high, PC-Horse calculates a high energy requirement, higher than the horse needs, and the ration will provide too much energy. The result is that the horse grow fat.</p>\r\n<p>If the training level is set too low, PC-Horse calculates the energy requirement to be too low, and the ration calculated gives to little energy, and the horse looses weight.</p>\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/44-aug.png\" alt=\"44 aug\" /></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Some general advice:</strong><br /><br /><em>Maintenance (0):</em> No training.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Light training:</em> Energy requirement increased by 25%. Recreational riding or driving. Beginning of training programs.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Moderate training:</em> Energy requirement increased by 50%. More active recreational riding or driving. Dressage and show jumping, distance riding and other activities.with higher intensity.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Heavy training:</em> Energy requirement increased by 75%. For trotters, show jumpers, distance riding and for other types of horses that are trained heavily several times per week.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Very heavy training:</em> Energy requirement increased by 100%. For thoroughbred race horses and heavily trained standardbred trotters.</p>\r\n<p>Note that these levels are only guidelines. There will be substantial variation between individual horses and different training programs.</p>\r\n<p><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /><em> Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2013.</em><br /><em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 97px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:09',62,'','2017-12-08 14:28:34',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-08-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,18,'','',1,467,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(4471,5249,'How to define the level of exercise for your horse?','aug2017-de','<p><strong>The energy requirement of exercising horses is mainly depending on the horse’s body weight and the amount of exercise. However, many find it difficult to define the average amount of exercise over a given period, eg over one or two weeks.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-1-training.jpg\" alt=\"00 1 training\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-2-training-jump.jpg\" alt=\"00 2 training jump\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-4-dressyr.jpg\" alt=\"00 4 dressyr\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-3-start.jpg\" alt=\"00 3 start\" /></p>\r\n<p>When using PC-Horse to set up rations for exercised horses, you will have to provide information about the average level of exercise or training. You can select the pre-defined levels by double-clicking on the blue text or moving the slider along the scale (see figure). Initially it is recommended to select the pre-defined level you think fits your horse. You can later adjust the training level as you gain experience with the program.</p>\r\n<p>For a given horse, you can inspect the training level by doing the following: Define the horse in the PC-Horse program. If the horse is maintaining a steady body condition on it’s present ration, we can assume that the energy content of the ration is close to the actual requirement. Enter the present ration into PC-Horse and go to the training window (see picture). Here you see how much energy the present ration provides. Then you can use the blue slider and adjust the level of training until the Energy requirement (upper blue arrow) is equal to the energy that the ration provides (lower blue arrow).</p>\r\n<p>It is important to closely monitor any changes in the horse’s body condition. If the horse puts on weight, the training level is set too high. If the horse looses weight, the training level has to be increased. Then the rations have to be adjusted according to the new training levels.</p>\r\n<p>The logic behind this is:</p>\r\n<p>When the training level is set too high, PC-Horse calculates a high energy requirement, higher than the horse needs, and the ration will provide too much energy. The result is that the horse grow fat.</p>\r\n<p>If the training level is set too low, PC-Horse calculates the energy requirement to be too low, and the ration calculated gives to little energy, and the horse looses weight.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-trainingwindow.png\" alt=\"49 trainingwindow\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Some general advice:</strong><br /><br /><em>Maintenance (0):</em> No training.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Light training:</em> Energy requirement increased by 25%. Recreational riding or driving. Beginning of training programs.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Moderate training:</em> Energy requirement increased by 50%. More active recreational riding or driving. Dressage and show jumping, distance riding and other activities.with higher intensity.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Heavy training:</em> Energy requirement increased by 75%. For trotters, show jumpers, distance riding and for other types of horses that are trained heavily several times per week.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Very heavy training:</em> Energy requirement increased by 100%. For thoroughbred race horses and heavily trained standardbred trotters.</p>\r\n<p>Note that these levels are only guidelines. There will be substantial variation between individual horses and different training programs.</p>\r\n<p><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /><em> Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2013.</em><br /><em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 97px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 309px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:09',62,'','2017-12-08 14:28:34',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-08-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,16,'','',1,598,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(4472,5250,'How to define the level of exercise for your horse?','aug2017-fi','<p><strong>The energy requirement of exercising horses is mainly depending on the horse’s body weight and the amount of exercise. However, many find it difficult to define the average amount of exercise over a given period, eg over one or two weeks.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-1-training.jpg\" alt=\"00 1 training\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-2-training-jump.jpg\" alt=\"00 2 training jump\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-4-dressyr.jpg\" alt=\"00 4 dressyr\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-3-start.jpg\" alt=\"00 3 start\" /></p>\r\n<p>When using PC-Horse to set up rations for exercised horses, you will have to provide information about the average level of exercise or training. You can select the pre-defined levels by double-clicking on the blue text or moving the slider along the scale (see figure). Initially it is recommended to select the pre-defined level you think fits your horse. You can later adjust the training level as you gain experience with the program.</p>\r\n<p>For a given horse, you can inspect the training level by doing the following: Define the horse in the PC-Horse program. If the horse is maintaining a steady body condition on it’s present ration, we can assume that the energy content of the ration is close to the actual requirement. Enter the present ration into PC-Horse and go to the training window (see picture). Here you see how much energy the present ration provides. Then you can use the blue slider and adjust the level of training until the Energy requirement (upper blue arrow) is equal to the energy that the ration provides (lower blue arrow).</p>\r\n<p>It is important to closely monitor any changes in the horse’s body condition. If the horse puts on weight, the training level is set too high. If the horse looses weight, the training level has to be increased. Then the rations have to be adjusted according to the new training levels.</p>\r\n<p>The logic behind this is:</p>\r\n<p>When the training level is set too high, PC-Horse calculates a high energy requirement, higher than the horse needs, and the ration will provide too much energy. The result is that the horse grow fat.</p>\r\n<p>If the training level is set too low, PC-Horse calculates the energy requirement to be too low, and the ration calculated gives to little energy, and the horse looses weight.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/358-images/358%20training.png\" alt=\"358 training\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Some general advice:</strong><br /><br /><em>Maintenance (0):</em> No training.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Light training:</em> Energy requirement increased by 25%. Recreational riding or driving. Beginning of training programs.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Moderate training:</em> Energy requirement increased by 50%. More active recreational riding or driving. Dressage and show jumping, distance riding and other activities.with higher intensity.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Heavy training:</em> Energy requirement increased by 75%. For trotters, show jumpers, distance riding and for other types of horses that are trained heavily several times per week.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Very heavy training:</em> Energy requirement increased by 100%. For thoroughbred race horses and heavily trained standardbred trotters.</p>\r\n<p>Note that these levels are only guidelines. There will be substantial variation between individual horses and different training programs.</p>\r\n<p><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /><em> Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2013.</em><br /><em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 97px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 830px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 309px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:09',62,'','2017-12-08 14:28:34',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-08-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,15,'','',1,393,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fi-FI',''),(4473,5251,'Comment définir l’intensité de travail de votre cheval ?','aug2017-fr','<p><strong>Le besoin en énergie pour les chevaux au travail est principalement dépendant du poids vif du cheval et de la quantité d’exercice. Toutefois, beaucoup trouve difficile de définir la quantité moyenne de travail sur une période donnée, par exemple sur une ou deux semaines.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-1-training.jpg\" alt=\"00 1 training\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-2-training-jump.jpg\" alt=\"00 2 training jump\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-4-dressyr.jpg\" alt=\"00 4 dressyr\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-3-start.jpg\" alt=\"00 3 start\" /></p>\r\n<p>Lorsque vous utilisez PC-Horse pour établir des rations pour les chevaux à l’entrainement, vous devrez fournir des informations sur le niveau moyen d\'exercice ou de dressage. Vous pouvez sélectionner les niveaux prédéfinis en double-cliquant sur le texte en bleu ou en déplaçant le curseur le long de l\'échelle (voir la figure). Initialement, il est recommandé de sélectionner le niveau prédéfini que vous pensez adapter à votre cheval. Vous pourrez ensuite ajuster le niveau d’entrainement lorsque vous serez familiarisé avec le programme.</p>\r\n<p>Pour un cheval donné, vous pouvez contrôler le niveau d’entrainement en procédant comme suit: Définissez le cheval dans le programme PC-Horse. Si le cheval maintient un état corporel constant avec sa ration actuelle, nous pouvons supposer que le contenu énergétique de la ration est proche de l\'exigence réelle. Entrez la ration actuelle dans PC-Horse et accédez à la fenêtre d\'intensité de l’entraînement (voir photo). Ici, vous verrez quelle quantité d\'énergie fournit la ration actuelle. Ensuite, vous pourrez utiliser le curseur bleu et ajuster le niveau d’entrainement jusqu\'à ce que le besoin en énergie (flèche bleue supérieure) soit égal à l\'énergie apportée par la ration (flèche bleue inférieure).</p>\r\n<p>Il est important de surveiller de près toute modification de l\'état corporel du cheval. Si le cheval prend du poids, le niveau d’entrainement fixé est trop faible. Si le cheval perd du poids, le niveau d’entrainement doit être réduit. Ensuite, les rations doivent être ajustées selon les nouveaux niveaux d’entrainement.</p>\r\n<p>Quelle est la logique derrière cela ?<br />Quand le niveau d’entrainement est réglé trop haut, PC-Horse calcule un besoin élevé en énergie, plus élevé que ce dont le cheval à besoin, et la ration apportera trop d’énergie avec pour résultat un engraissement du cheval.<br />Si le niveau d’entrainement est réglé trop bas, PC-Horse calculera un besoin en énergie trop bas et la ration fournira trop peu d’énergie conduisant à une perte de poids du cheval.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/33-images/33%20training.png\" alt=\"33 training\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Quelques conseils généraux :</strong></p>\r\n<p><em>Maintenance (0) :</em> aucune formation.</p>\r\n<p><em>Travail léger :</em> les besoins en énergie sont augmentés de 25%. Équitation de loisir ou entrainement. Début des programmes d’entrainement.</p>\r\n<p><em>Travail modéré :</em> les besoins énergétiques sont augmentés de 50%. Equitation de loisir ou entrainement plus actif. Dressage et saut d\'obstacles, randonnée et autres activités avec une intensité plus élevée.</p>\r\n<p><em>Travail intensif :</em> les besoins en énergie sont augmentés de 75%. Pour les trotteurs, chevaux de saut d’obstacles, chevaux de randonnées, endurance et pour d\'autres types de chevaux qui sont entrainés plusieurs fois par semaine.</p>\r\n<p><em>Travail très intensif :</em> Les besoins énergétiques sont augmentés de 100%. Pour les chevaux de course pure race et les trotteurs de race standard fortement entrainés.</p>\r\n<p>Notez que ces niveaux ne sont que des lignes directrices. Il y aura une variation substantielle individuellement entre les chevaux et les différents programmes d’entrainement.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.<br /></em><em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2013.<br /></em><em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 97px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 787px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 483px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:09',62,'','2017-12-08 14:28:34',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-08-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',9,13,'','',1,392,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(4474,5252,'Hvordan definerer vi hvor hardt hesten trenes?','aug2017-no','<p><strong>Energibehovet til hester I trening avhenger hovedsakelig av hestens kroppsvekt og hvor mye den trenes. For mange vil det imidlertid kunne være vanskelig å bestemme den gjennomsnittlige treningsmengden over en periode på f.eks en uke eller to uker.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-1-training.jpg\" alt=\"00 1 training\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-2-training-jump.jpg\" alt=\"00 2 training jump\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-4-dressyr.jpg\" alt=\"00 4 dressyr\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-3-start.jpg\" alt=\"00 3 start\" /></p>\r\n<p>Når du bruker PC-Horse til å sette opp fôrrasjoner til hester som trenes eller arbeider må du oppgi hvor hardt hesten trenes. Du kan velge de forhåndsinnstilte treningsnivåene ved å dobbeltklikke på den blå teksten, eller du kan dra glideren langs hele skalaen (se figur). Når du begynner anbefaler vi at du velger det forhåndsinnstilte nivået du mener passer best til din hest. Senere kan du korrigere treningsnivået ettersom du høster erfaringer med bruken av programmet.</p>\r\n<p>For en ny hest kan du sjekke treningsnivået ved å gjøre følgende: Legg inn hesten i PC-Horse programmet. Dersom hesten er i passe og stabilt hold på den nåværende rasjonen kan vi anta at energimengden i rasjonen er i overensstemmelse med det aktuelle energibehovet. Du skal da legge inn hestens opprinnelige fôrrasjon og deretter gå til treningsvinduet (se figur). Du ser nå hvor mye energi rasjonen inneholder (Rasjonen gir nå). Så kan du dra den blå glideren og justere treningsnivået slik at verdien for energibehov blir den samme som den energimengden rasjonen gir nå.</p>\r\n<p>Det er viktig å følge nøye med på hestens hold. Dersom hesten legger på seg har du satt treningsnivået for høyt. Dersom hesten blir tynnere har du satt treningsnivået for lavt. Du må derfor justere treningsnivået og deretter korrigere fôrrasjonen i forhold til dette.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/47-aug.png\" alt=\"47 aug\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Noen generelle retningslinjer:</strong></p>\r\n<p><em>Vedlikehold (0):</em> Voksen hest som ikke er i noen form for trening eller aktiv mosjon.</p>\r\n<p><em>Lett trening:</em> Aktivitet som øker hestens energibehov med 25%. Passer for hester i lett ridning eller kjøring uten høy intensitet. I tidlig opptreningsfase.</p>\r\n<p><em>Moderat trening:</em> Aktivitet som øker hestens energibehov med 50%. Ridning og kjøring med høyere aktivitet. Hester som trenes i dressur, sprang, distanseridning eller annen aktivitet der hestene brukes regelmessig med høyere intensitet eller arbeid av lengre varighet.</p>\r\n<p><em>Hard trening:</em> Aktivitet som øker hestens energibehov med 75%. Passer for travere og hester som trenes hardt flere ganger i uken.</p>\r\n<p><em>Intensiv trening:</em> Aktivitet som øker hestens energibehov med 100%. Passer for fullblodshester i trening og for enkelte travere.</p>\r\n<p>Merk at disse treningsnivåene er ment som retningslinjer. Det vil kunne være betydelige forskjeller mellom individuelle hester og ulike treningsprogram.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;<em><br />This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2012.</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 125px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 125px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:09',62,'','2017-12-08 14:28:34',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-08-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,10,'','',1,369,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(4475,5253,'August 2017 - How to define the level of exercise for your horse? (2)','aug2017-eng-2','<p><strong>The energy requirement of exercising horses is mainly depending on the horse’s body weight and the amount of exercise. However, many find it difficult to define the average amount of exercise over a given period, eg over one or two weeks.</strong></p>\r\n<p>When using PC-Horse to set up rations for exercised horses, you will have to provide information about the average level of exercise or training. You can select the pre-defined levels by double-clicking on the blue text or moving the slider along the scale (see figure). Initially it is recommended to select the pre-defined level you think fits your horse. You can later adjust the training level as you gain experience with the program.</p>\r\n<p>For a given horse, you can inspect the training level by doing the following: Define the horse in the PC-Horse program. If the horse is maintaining a steady body condition on it’s present ration, we can assume that the energy content of the ration is close to the actual requirement. Enter the present ration into PC-Horse and go to the training window (see picture). Here you see how much energy the present ration provides. Then you can use the blue slider and adjust the level of training until the Energy requirement (upper blue arrow) is equal to the energy that the ration provides (lower blue arrow).</p>\r\n<p>It is important to closely monitor any changes in the horse’s body condition. If the horse puts on weight, the training level is set too high. If the horse looses weight, the training level has to be increased. Then the rations have to be adjusted according to the new training levels.</p>\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/44-aug.png\" alt=\"44 aug\" /></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Some general advice:</strong><br /><br /><em>Maintenance (0):</em> No training.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Light training:</em> Energy requirement increased by 25%. Recreational riding or driving. Beginning of training programs.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Moderate training:</em> Energy requirement increased by 50%. More active recreational riding or driving. Dressage and show jumping, distance riding and other activities.with higher intensity.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Heavy training:</em> Energy requirement increased by 75%. For trotters, show jumpers, distance riding and for other types of horses that are trained heavily several times per week.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Very heavy training:</em> Energy requirement increased by 100%. For thoroughbred race horses and heavily trained standardbred trotters.</p>\r\n<p>Note that these levels are only guidelines. There will be substantial variation between individual horses and different training programs.</p>\r\n<p><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /><em> Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2013.</em><br /><em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 97px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',-2,81,'2011-02-15 15:59:09',62,'','2017-07-22 07:58:17',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-08-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,2,'','',1,0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(4476,5254,'Hur definierar man hästens träningsnivåer?','aug2017-sv','<p><strong>Energibehovetför hästar i träning hänger huvudsakligen ihop med hästens kroppsvikt och hur mycket den tränas. Det kan emellertid vara svårt att fastställa den genomsnittliga träningsmängden över en period, t.ex en eller två veckor.<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-1-training.jpg\" alt=\"00 1 training\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-2-training-jump.jpg\" alt=\"00 2 training jump\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-4-dressyr.jpg\" alt=\"00 4 dressyr\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-3-start.jpg\" alt=\"00 3 start\" /></p>\r\n<p>När du använder PC-Horse för att göra dina foderstater till hästar i träning, eller går i arbete, måste du uppge hur hårt hästen tränas. Du kan välja någon av de förinställda träningsnivåerna genom att klicka på den blå texten, eller dra i handtaget utefteer skalan (se fig). När du börjar rekommenderar vi att du väljer någon av standardnivåerna som du tror passar bäst för hästen. Senare kan du korrigera och fininställa träningsnivån efterhand som du får kunskap om vilket som är den bästa inställningen.</p>\r\n<p><strong>För en ny häst kan du kontrollera träningsnivån på följande sätt:</strong></p>\r\n<p>Lägg in hästen i programmet. Om hästen är i lämpligt och gott hull på den nuvarande dagsransonen kan man anta energimängden i denna överensstämmer med hästens aktuella energibehov. Lägg då in dessa fodermängder och öppna därefter träningsfönstret (se fig). Då ser du hur mycket energi ransonen innehåller (\"Ransonen ger nu\"). Nu kan du dra handtaget och justera träningsnivån tills att värdet för \"Energibehov\" blir samma som värdet i \"Ransonen ger nu\". När dessa båda värden är lika har du en god indikation om hästens träningsintensitet.</p>\r\n<p>Det är viktigt att följa hästens hull noga. Om hästen lägger på sig har du satt träningsnivån för högt. Om den däremot tappart i hull så har du satt träningsnivån för lågt. Därför kan det behövas några justeringar av träningsnivån och medföljande korrigeringar av foderstaten som konsekvens av detta inna det blir helt perfekt.</p>\r\n<p>Logiken i PC-Horse är denna:</p>\r\n<p>När träningsnivån i programmet är satt för högt, räknar PC-Horse fram ett högt energibehov, högre än hästen behöver, och ransonen kommer då att ge för mycket energi. Resultat: Hästen blir för fet.</p>\r\n<p>Om träningsnivån satts för lågt, räknar programmet fram ett för lågt energibehov, och ransonen ger därmed för lite energi - och hästen kommer att förlora vikt.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/46-images/46-217%20training.jpg\" alt=\"46 217 training\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Några generella tips:</strong></p>\r\n<p><em>Underhåll (0):</em> Vuxen häst som inte är i någon form av träning eller aktiv rörelse.</p>\r\n<p><em>Lätt träning:</em> Aktivitet som ökar hästens energibehov med 25%. Passar för hästar i lätt ridning eller körning utan högre intensitet. I tidig träningsfas.</p>\r\n<p><em>Moderat träning:</em> Aktivitet som ökar hästens energibehov med 50%. Ridning og körning med högre aktivitet. Hästar som tränas i dressyr, hoppning, distansritt eller annan aktivitet i vilken de regelmässigt används med högre intensitet eller i arbete med längre varaktighet.</p>\r\n<p><em>Hård träning:</em> Aktivitet som ökar hästens energibehov med 75%. Passar för travare och hästar som tränas hårt flera gånger i veckan.</p>\r\n<p><em>Intensiv träning:</em> Aktivitet som ökar hästens energibehov med 100%. Passar för fullblodshäster i träning och för vissa travhästar.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">Notera att dessa tips är avsedda som riktlinjer. Det kan vara stora skillnader mellan individuella hästar och olika träningsprogram. Ytterst är det din erfarenhet och noggrannhet som fäller avgörandet.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em><br />This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2012.</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 125px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 125px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 274px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 293px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 436px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:09',62,'','2017-12-08 14:28:34',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-08-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,8,'','',1,622,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(4477,5255,'Hvordan definerer vi hvor hårdt hesten trænes?','aug2017-dk','<p><strong>Energibehovet til heste I træning afhænger især af hestens kropsvægt og hvor meget den trænes. For mange vil det imidlertid være vanskeligt at bestemme den gennemsnitlige træningsmængde over en periode på f.eks en eller to uger.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-1-training.jpg\" alt=\"00 1 training\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-2-training-jump.jpg\" alt=\"00 2 training jump\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-4-dressyr.jpg\" alt=\"00 4 dressyr\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-3-start.jpg\" alt=\"00 3 start\" /></p>\r\n<p>Når du bruger PC-Horse til at sammensæte foderrationer til heste som trænes eller arbejder må du oplyse hvor hårdt hesten trænes. Du kan vælge de forskellige træningsniveauer ved, at dobbeltklikke på den blå tekst, eller du kan trække glideren langs hele skalaen (se figur). Når du begynder anbefaler vi, at du vælger det forhåndsindstillede niveau som du mener passer bedst til din hest. Senere kan du korrigere træningsnivået i takt med at du høster erfaringer med brugen af programmet.</p>\r\n<p>For en ny hest kan du tjekke træningsniveauet ved at gøre følgende:Opret hesteni PC-Horse programmet. Hvis hesten hesten er i passende og stabilt huld på den nuværende ration kan vi antage, at energimængden i rationen er i overensstemmelse med det aktuelle energibehov. Du skal da lægge hestens oprindelige foderration ind og derefter gå til træningsvinduet (se figur). Du ser nu hvor meget energi rationen indeholder (Rationen giver nu). Så kan du trække den blå glider og justere træningsniveauet sådan, at værdien for energibehov bliver den samme som den energimængde rationen nu giver.</p>\r\n<p>Det er vigtigt nøje at følge med i hestens huld. Hvis hesten tager på har du sat træningsniveauet for højt. Hvis hesten i stedet bliver tyndere har du sat træningsniveauet for lavt. Du må derfor justerer træningsniveauet og derefter korrigere foderrationen i forhold til dette.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/45-images/45-217%20training.jpg\" alt=\"45 217 training\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Nogle generelle retningslinjer:</strong></p>\r\n<p><br /><em>Vedligehold (0):</em> Voksen hest som ikke er i nogen form for træning eller aktiv motion.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Let træning:</em> Aktivitet som øger hestens energibehov med 25%. Passer for heste i let ridning eller kørsel uden høj intensitet i tidlig træningsfase.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Moderat træning:</em> Aktivitet som øger hestens energibehov med 50%. Ridning og kørsel med højere aktivitet. Heste som trænes i dressur, spring, distanceridning eller anden aktivitet hvor hesten bruges regelmæssigt med højere intensitet eller arbejde af længere varighed.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Hård træning:</em> Aktivitet som øger hestens energibehov med 75%. Passer for travheste og heste som trænes hårdt flere ganger om ugen.<br /><em></em></p>\r\n<p><em>Intensiv træning:</em> Aktivitet som øger hestens energibehov med 100%. Passer for fuldblodsheste i træning og for travere i meget hård træning.</p>\r\n<p>Læg mærke til, at disse træningsnivauer er ment som retningslinjer. Der vil kunne være betydelige forskelle mellem individuelle hester og forskellige treningsprogrammer.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em><br />This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2012.</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 125px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 125px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 352px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 448px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,616,'2011-02-15 15:59:09',62,'','2017-12-08 14:28:34',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2017-08-01 00:00:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,6,'','',1,420,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(4478,5256,'Fibre','fibre-44','<p>The horse is a grass-eating (herbivore) animal and its digestive system is adapted to rations consisting mainly of roughage, i.e. grasses and herbs, either fresh or as hay or haylage. Roughages are rich in fibre and the horse needs this fibre for both energy and as a structural component which ensures proper functioning of the digestive system. In simple terms, we can divide the horse\'s digestive system into two parts. In the stomach and small intestine, which comes first, we find enzymes that digest starch, sugars, proteins and fat. Further along, in the caecum and colon, a rich population of microbes (i.e. protozoa, bacteria and yeast) helps to break down the fibre component into short-chain fatty acids that can be absorbed and utilized for energy. In horses on forage-rich diets, a significant part of the energy needs are met by the acids produced from fibre. Although the cellulose in the fibre-fraction is composed of glucose molecules, microbial digestion transfers the glucose to short (volatile) fatty acids – which subsequently are absorbed. As a consequence, the products of fibre digestion do not affect the horse\'s blood sugar concentration and insulin secretion.</p>\r\n<p>Fibre-rich diets require a long time for chewing. They keep the horse occupied and increase the time needed to consume a meal. This is important for the horse\'s comfort and well-being, and leads to increased saliva production, which in turn helps reduce the risk of gastric ulcers.</p>\r\n<p>A horse ration must contain a certain amount of roughage and in PC-Horse we place that requirement at 1.5 kg per 100 kg body weight. When using haylage, with its higher water content, it is necessary to adjust the amount fed to reach the requirement for roughage dry matter. This is done easily through the formula:</p>\r\n<p><br />hay (in kg x 85)<br />----------------------------------------------- = kg of haylage <br />dry matter content, % in haylage</p>\r\n<p>Example: A horse weighing 500 kg has a requirement of 7.5 kg hay per day. How much haylage with 60% dry matter must be given in order to be equivalent to 7.5 kg of hay:</p>\r\n<p>7.5 kg hay x 85<br />-------------------- = 10.6 kg haylage<br />60</p>\r\n<p>The fibre content of forages will vary widely between plant species, and also from one stage of botanical development to another. When plants are harvested early in their growth, the fibre content is not high, but the nutritional value of the fibre is at its highest. A later harvest will have a higher fibre content, but at the same time increased amounts of lignin will cause a decrease in the nutritional value of the fibre. We must therefore consider carefully what are the forage qualities that will suit different types of horses the best.</p>\r\n<p>In PC-Horse, we calculate the amount of fibre in the ration based on an analysis of the crude fibre content. In regular hay or haylage there is about 300 grams of crude fibre per kg dry matter (DM). It will be somewhat lower for early cuts and higher for the late cuts.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse sets the lower limit for crude fibre in the daily ration to 3 grams per kg body weight daily, and the horse should preferably receive more than this. This minimum limit is roughly equivalent to the amount of forage mentioned earlier.</p>\r\n<p>There are several methods available for the analysis of fibre in roughages. All recommendations given in PC-Horse are based on crude fibre analysis, and this is the only method that should be used when including analysis of fibre in the program. If selecting NDF (non-detergent fibre), a fibre analysis which is commonly used for cattle, you will get twice as high numbers as when using the crude fibre analysis.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-18 12:45:32',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,175,'','',1,245,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(4479,5257,'Fibre','fibre-31','<p>The horse is a grass-eating (herbivore) animal and its digestive system is adapted to rations consisting mainly of roughage, i.e. grasses and herbs, either fresh or as hay or haylage. Roughages are rich in fibre and the horse needs this fibre for both energy and as a structural component which ensures proper functioning of the digestive system. In simple terms, we can divide the horse\'s digestive system into two parts. In the stomach and small intestine, which comes first, we find enzymes that digest starch, sugars, proteins and fat. Further along, in the caecum and colon, a rich population of microbes (i.e. protozoa, bacteria and yeast) helps to break down the fibre component into short-chain fatty acids that can be absorbed and utilized for energy. In horses on forage-rich diets, a significant part of the energy needs are met by the acids produced from fibre. Although the cellulose in the fibre-fraction is composed of glucose molecules, microbial digestion transfers the glucose to short (volatile) fatty acids – which subsequently are absorbed. As a consequence, the products of fibre digestion do not affect the horse\'s blood sugar concentration and insulin secretion.</p>\r\n<p>Fibre-rich diets require a long time for chewing. They keep the horse occupied and increase the time needed to consume a meal. This is important for the horse\'s comfort and well-being, and leads to increased saliva production, which in turn helps reduce the risk of gastric ulcers.</p>\r\n<p>A horse ration must contain a certain amount of roughage and in PC-Horse we place that requirement at 1.5 kg per 100 kg body weight. When using haylage, with its higher water content, it is necessary to adjust the amount fed to reach the requirement for roughage dry matter. This is done easily through the formula:</p>\r\n<p><br />hay (in kg x 85)<br />----------------------------------------------- = kg of haylage <br />dry matter content, % in haylage</p>\r\n<p>Example: A horse weighing 500 kg has a requirement of 7.5 kg hay per day. How much haylage with 60% dry matter must be given in order to be equivalent to 7.5 kg of hay:</p>\r\n<p>7.5 kg hay x 85<br />-------------------- = 10.6 kg haylage<br />60</p>\r\n<p>The fibre content of forages will vary widely between plant species, and also from one stage of botanical development to another. When plants are harvested early in their growth, the fibre content is not high, but the nutritional value of the fibre is at its highest. A later harvest will have a higher fibre content, but at the same time increased amounts of lignin will cause a decrease in the nutritional value of the fibre. We must therefore consider carefully what are the forage qualities that will suit different types of horses the best.</p>\r\n<p>In PC-Horse, we calculate the amount of fibre in the ration based on an analysis of the crude fibre content. In regular hay or haylage there is about 300 grams of crude fibre per kg dry matter (DM). It will be somewhat lower for early cuts and higher for the late cuts.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse sets the lower limit for crude fibre in the daily ration to 3 grams per kg body weight daily, and the horse should preferably receive more than this. This minimum limit is roughly equivalent to the amount of forage mentioned earlier.</p>\r\n<p>There are several methods available for the analysis of fibre in roughages. All recommendations given in PC-Horse are based on crude fibre analysis, and this is the only method that should be used when including analysis of fibre in the program. If selecting NDF (non-detergent fibre), a fibre analysis which is commonly used for cattle, you will get twice as high numbers as when using the crude fibre analysis.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-22 10:04:12',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,174,'','',1,297,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(4480,5258,'Fibres','fibre-33','<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: \'Century Gothic\', sans-serif;\">Le cheval est un animal herbivore et son système digestif est adapté aux rations constituées principalement de fourrage grossier, c\'est-à-dire de graminées et d\'herbes fraîches ou de foin ou enrubanné. Les fourrages sont riches en fibres et le cheval a besoin de ces fibres à la fois pour l\'énergie et comme composant structurel qui assure le bon fonctionnement du système digestif. En termes simples, nous pouvons diviser le système digestif du cheval en deux parties. Dans l\'estomac et l\'intestin grêle, qui viennent en premier, on trouve des enzymes qui digèrent l\'amidon, les sucres, les protéines et les graisses. Plus loin, dans le caecum et le côlon, une population riche en microbes (protozoaires, bactéries et levures) aide à décomposer le composant fibreux en acides gras à chaîne courte qui peuvent être absorbés et utilisés pour l\'énergie. Chez les chevaux nourris avec des aliments riches en fourrage, une partie importante des besoins en énergie est satisfaite par les acides produits à partir de la fibre. Bien que la cellulose dans la fraction fibreuse soit composée de molécules de glucose, la digestion microbienne transfère le glucose en des acides gras courts (volatils) - qui sont ensuite absorbés. En conséquence, les produits de la digestion des fibres n\'affectent pas la concentration de sucre dans le sang du cheval et la sécrétion d\'insuline.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: \'Century Gothic\', sans-serif;\">Les régimes riches en fibres nécessitent beaucoup de temps pour mâcher. Ils gardent le cheval occupé et augmentent le temps nécessaire pour consommer un repas. Ceci est important pour le confort et le bien-être du cheval, et conduit à une augmentation de la production de salive, qui à son tour contribue à réduire le risque d\'ulcères gastriques.<br /> Une ration du cheval doit contenir une certaine quantité de fourrage grossier et chez PC-Horse, cette exigence est de 1,5 kg par 100 kg de poids corporel. Lors de l\'utilisation de préfané (ensilage), avec sa teneur en eau plus élevée, il est nécessaire d\'ajuster la quantité introduite pour atteindre les besoins en matière sèche de fourrage grossier. Cela se fait facilement grâce à la formule :</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: \'Century Gothic\', sans-serif;\"><br /> Foin (en kg x 85)<br /> ----------------------------------------------- = kg de préfané <br /> teneur en matière sèche, % du préfané</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: \'Century Gothic\', sans-serif;\">Exemple : Un cheval pesant 500 kg a besoin de 7.5 kg de foin par jour. Quelle quantité de préfané à 60% de matière sèche devrait être donnée pour équivaloir aux 7.5 kg de foin&nbsp;:</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: \'Century Gothic\', sans-serif;\">7.5 kg foin x 85<br /> -------------------- = 10.6 kg préfané<br /> 60</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: \'Century Gothic\', sans-serif;\">La teneur en fibres des fourrages variera largement entre les espèces végétales, et aussi d\'un stade de développement botanique à l\'autre. Lorsque les plantes sont récoltées au début de leur croissance, la teneur en fibres n\'est pas élevée, mais la valeur nutritionnelle de la fibre est la plus élevée. Une récolte ultérieure aura une teneur en fibres plus élevée, mais en même temps, des quantités accrues de lignine entraîneront une diminution de la valeur nutritionnelle de la fibre. Nous devons donc examiner attentivement les qualités fourragères qui conviendront le mieux aux différents types de chevaux.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: \'Century Gothic\', sans-serif;\">Dans PC-Horse, nous calculons la quantité de fibres de la ration sur la base d\'une analyse de la teneur en fibres brutes. Dans le foin ou enrubanné ordinaire, il y a environ 300 grammes de fibres brutes par kg de matière sèche. Il sera un peu moins élevé pour les coupes précoces et plus élevé pour les coupes tardives.<br /> PC-Horse fixe la limite inférieure pour la fibre brute dans la ration quotidienne à 3 grammes par kg de poids corporel par jour, et le cheval devrait de préférence recevoir plus que cela. Cette limite minimale est à peu près équivalente à la quantité de fourrage mentionnée plus haut.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: \'Century Gothic\', sans-serif;\">Il existe plusieurs méthodes disponibles pour l\'analyse de la fibre dans les fourrages grossiers. Toutes les recommandations données dans PC-Horse sont basées sur l\'analyse des fibres brutes, et c\'est la seule méthode qui devrait être utilisée en incluant l\'analyse de la fibre dans le programme. Si vous optez pour la fibre NDF (fibre non détergente), une analyse des fibres couramment utilisée pour les bovins, vous obtiendrez des résultats deux fois plus élevés que lors de l\'analyse des fibres brutes.</span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-12-14 18:25:51',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,173,'','',1,241,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(4481,5259,'Fibre','fibre-49','<p>The horse is a grass-eating (herbivore) animal and its digestive system is adapted to rations consisting mainly of roughage, i.e. grasses and herbs, either fresh or as hay or haylage. Roughages are rich in fibre and the horse needs this fibre for both energy and as a structural component which ensures proper functioning of the digestive system. In simple terms, we can divide the horse\'s digestive system into two parts. In the stomach and small intestine, which comes first, we find enzymes that digest starch, sugars, proteins and fat. Further along, in the caecum and colon, a rich population of microbes (i.e. protozoa, bacteria and yeast) helps to break down the fibre component into short-chain fatty acids that can be absorbed and utilized for energy. In horses on forage-rich diets, a significant part of the energy needs are met by the acids produced from fibre. Although the cellulose in the fibre-fraction is composed of glucose molecules, microbial digestion transfers the glucose to short (volatile) fatty acids – which subsequently are absorbed. As a consequence, the products of fibre digestion do not affect the horse\'s blood sugar concentration and insulin secretion.</p>\r\n<p>Fibre-rich diets require a long time for chewing. They keep the horse occupied and increase the time needed to consume a meal. This is important for the horse\'s comfort and well-being, and leads to increased saliva production, which in turn helps reduce the risk of gastric ulcers.</p>\r\n<p>A horse ration must contain a certain amount of roughage and in PC-Horse we place that requirement at 1.5 kg per 100 kg body weight. When using haylage, with its higher water content, it is necessary to adjust the amount fed to reach the requirement for roughage dry matter. This is done easily through the formula:</p>\r\n<p><br />hay (in kg x 85)<br />----------------------------------------------- = kg of haylage <br />dry matter content, % in haylage</p>\r\n<p>Example: A horse weighing 500 kg has a requirement of 7.5 kg hay per day. How much haylage with 60% dry matter must be given in order to be equivalent to 7.5 kg of hay:</p>\r\n<p>7.5 kg hay x 85<br />-------------------- = 10.6 kg haylage<br />60</p>\r\n<p>The fibre content of forages will vary widely between plant species, and also from one stage of botanical development to another. When plants are harvested early in their growth, the fibre content is not high, but the nutritional value of the fibre is at its highest. A later harvest will have a higher fibre content, but at the same time increased amounts of lignin will cause a decrease in the nutritional value of the fibre. We must therefore consider carefully what are the forage qualities that will suit different types of horses the best.</p>\r\n<p>In PC-Horse, we calculate the amount of fibre in the ration based on an analysis of the crude fibre content. In regular hay or haylage there is about 300 grams of crude fibre per kg dry matter (DM). It will be somewhat lower for early cuts and higher for the late cuts.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse sets the lower limit for crude fibre in the daily ration to 3 grams per kg body weight daily, and the horse should preferably receive more than this. This minimum limit is roughly equivalent to the amount of forage mentioned earlier.</p>\r\n<p>There are several methods available for the analysis of fibre in roughages. All recommendations given in PC-Horse are based on crude fibre analysis, and this is the only method that should be used when including analysis of fibre in the program. If selecting NDF (non-detergent fibre), a fibre analysis which is commonly used for cattle, you will get twice as high numbers as when using the crude fibre analysis.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-22 10:23:26',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,172,'','',1,143,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(4482,5260,'Kuitu','fibre-358','<p>Hevonen on ruohoa syövä (kasvissyöjä) eläin ja sen ruuansulatuskanava on sopeutunut rehustukseen, joka pohjautuu pääosin karkearehuun, kuten ruohoon ja yrtteihin, joko tuoreena tai kuivattuna heinänä tai säilöheinänä.&nbsp; Karkearehut sisältävät runsaasti kuitua ja hevonen tarvitsee tätä kuitua sekä energianlähteeksi että rakenteellisena materiaalina, joka varmistaa ruuansulatuskanavan kunnollisen toiminnan. Voimme jakaa hevosen ruuansulatuskanavan kahteen osaan. Ensimmäisessa osassa, mahalaukussa ja ohutsuolessa, on entsyymejä, jotka sulattuvat tärkkelystä, sokereita, valkuaisaineita ja rasvaa. Seuraavana tulee umpi- ja paksusuoli, jonka runsas mikrobisto (mm. alkueläimet, bakteerit ja hiivat) hajottaa kuitupartikkeleita lyhytkejuisiksi rasvahapoiksi. Lyhytketjuiset rasvahapot voivat imeytyä ja hevonen voi käyttää niitä energianlähteenään. Runsaasti karkearehua sisältävillä ruokinnoilla merkittävä osan hevosen energiantarpeesta katetaan kuidusta peräisin olevilla rasvahapoilla.&nbsp; vaikka kuitufraktion selluloosa kostuu glukoosimolekyyleistä, mikrobisto muuntaa glukoosin lyhytkejuisiksi (haihtuviksi) rasvahapoiksi - jotka myöhemmin imeytyvät. Tämän vuoksi kuidun sulatuksen aineenvaihduntatuotteet eivät vaikuta hevosen veren sokeripitoisuuteen eikä insuliinin eritykseen.</p>\r\n<p>Runsaasti kuitua sisältävät ruokinnan vaativat pidemmän pureskeluajan. Tämä antaa hevoselle tekemistä ja lisää syömiseen käytettyä aikaa. Tämä on tärkeää hevosen hyvinvoinnille ja lisää myös syöjen eritystä, mikä puolestaan vähentää mahahaavan riskiä.</p>\r\n<p>Hevosen ruokinnan tulee sisältää tietty määrä karkearehua ja PC-Horsessa raja on asetettu olemaan 1.5 kg/100 kg elopainoa. Käytettäessä kosteampaa säilöheinää on tärkeää huomioida sen määrä vastaamaan karkearehun tarvetta kuiva-aineessa. Tämä lasketaan helposti seuraavalla tavalla:</p>\r\n<p><br />heinä (kg x 85)<br />----------------------------------------------- = kg säilöheinää<br />kuiva-ainepitoisuus, % säilöheinässä</p>\r\n<p>Esimerkki: 500 kg painava hevonen tarvitsee heinää 7.5 kg päivässä. Kuinka paljon säilöheinää, jonka kuiva-ainepitoisuus on 60%, tulee antaa vastatakseen 7.5 kg heinää:</p>\r\n<p>7.5 kg heinää x 85<br />-------------------- = 10.6 kg heinää<br />60</p>\r\n<p>Karkearehujen kuitupitoisuus vaihtelee huomattavasti kasvilajin mukaisesti ja myös kasvuasteesta toiseen.&nbsp; Kun kasvit korjataan aikaisessa kasvuvaiheessa, kuitupitoisuus ei ole korkea, mutta kuidun ravitsemuksellinen arvo on korkeimmillaan. Myöhemmällä kasvuasteella korjattaessa kuitupitoisuus on korkeampi, mutta samanaikaan lisääntyvä ligniinin määrä vähentää kuidun ravitsemuksellista arvoa. Tämän vuoksi tulee tarkoin miettiä, minkälaatuinen karkearehu sopii erilaisille hevostyypeille parhaiten.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse laskee kuidun määrän rehustuksessa perustuen analyysin raakakuitupitoisuuteen. Tavallisessa heinässä tai säilöheinässä on raakakuitua noin 300 grammaa/kg kuiva-ainetta (KA). Tämä on hieman matalampi aikaisin korjatuilla ja korkeampi myöhään korjatuilla karkearehuilla. </p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse asettaa kuidun minimitarpeeksi päiväannoksessa 3 grammaa/kg elopainoa ja mieluiten määrä saisi olla tätä suurempi. Tämä minimimäärä vastaa suurinpiirtein aiemmin mainittuja karkearehumääriä. </p>\r\n<p>On olemassa useita analyysimenetelmiä karkearehujen kuitupitoisuuden määrittelemiseksi. Kaikki suositukset PC-Horsessa perustuvat raakakuituanalyysiin ja tämä on ainoa menetelmä, jota tulisi käyttää lisättäessä kuidun pitoisuus ohjelmaan. Jos valitaan NDF-kuitu (neutraalidetergenttikuitu), usein naudalle käytettävä kuituanalyysi, saat kaksinkertaisen numeroarvon verrattuna raakakuituanalyysiin.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-26 17:30:49',106,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,171,'','',1,161,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fi-FI',''),(4483,5261,'Starch','starch-44','<p>If you have been warned about too much starch in a meal, you should distribute the concentrates and grains in the ration throughout the planned meals, and introduce more meals if necessary. You can also try to replace some of the concentrates with roughage (hay, haylage, beet pulp) of good quality. You can read below more about starch and how this feed component is digested.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Starch in the horse\'s ration</strong><br />Starch is a carbohydrate found in plant seeds and roots, such as grains or potatoes, and is an energy reserve for the plant. For comparison, animals use fat as their energy reserve. Starch is the most energy-rich part of the grain. The content of starch in oats and barley is about 500 g per kg (50% of the weight), and there is slightly more starch in barley than in oats.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Digestion of starch in the horse</strong><br />We want as much as possible of the starch to be digested and absorbed in the small intestine. Starch which is not digested in the small intestine will be passed on into the caecum, which is very large in the horse. Here, starch may create imbalances in the microbial flora and lead to a fall in pH and a reduced digestion of fibre.</p>\r\n<p>The chemical and physical structure of starch varies between grain species. The starch in oats is more easily digested than starch from barley and maize. This has practical significance for the horse because the horse can digest more oat starch in the small intestine than starches from other cereal species. When barley and maize are treated with pressure and heat, as is common in the commercial production of feed mixtures, the starch becomes more easily digestible, and behaves more like oat starch in the digestive tract. <br />Glucose is produced when starch is cleaved by several enzymes in the small intestine, and is then absorbed into the blood. A meal of cereals will in just a few hours give the horse elevated blood glucose (blood sugar) concentrations. Blood levels of glucose are regulated by the hormone insulin. Increased secretion of insulin takes place after a meal, and the hormone promotes the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen in liver and muscles. Glycogen is an important energy store for the horse, and is mobilized quickly when needed, for example during strenuous exercise and competitions.</p>\r\n<p>Horses are sensitive to variations in blood sugar. Some horses, especially ponies, may have trouble regulating blood sugar (a form of insulin resistance). Some horses may also become excited if the blood sugar concentration rises quickly (heating). It is therefore important, when planning feeding, to consider the amount of starch each horse will receive at every meal.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Recommendation</strong><br />Because of its properties, starch is both an important source of energy in the horse\'s ration, and also a feed component that can cause adverse reactions in the digestive system. As mentioned earlier, we do not want too much undigested starch to arrive at the caecum. At the same time, we do not want the starch to be too easy to digest, since this will give rise to excessive increases in blood glucose levels. It is therefore important to have a good grasp of how a starch-rich ration affects your horse, and how you can achieve a digestion profile for the starch that balances the two effects mentioned above. With PC-Horse you have the means to ensure that the amount of starch contained in each meal is within the recommended limits.</p>\r\n<p>In normal healthy horses, we recommend that a single meal should not contain more than 1,5 grams of starch per kg body weight. This means that a horse weighing 500 kg should not get more than about 750 grams of starch per meal. Since cereals and grain mixtures contain 400-500 grams of starch per kg, you should not give more than about 1,5 kg of grain or concentrate mix per meal. If your horse has a high energy requirement and receives a high proportion of grains and concentrates in its diet, we recommend increasing the number of meals per day, or changing the distribution of feed between meals if you become aware that the amount of starch per meal is too high.</p>\r\n<p>In PC-Horse, you can distribute the horse\'s overall ration over individual meals. You will then be given a clear warning when the amount of starch in one or more of your meals exceeds the recommended limits. For horses that have trouble regulating blood sugar, or easily develop symptoms of \"tying up\", it will be beneficial to provide less starch per meal than the recommended 1,5 g/kg body weight. As an alternative you can feed vegetable oil (see below), thus reducing the amount of grain or concentrate mix in the ration, without depriving the horse of too much energy.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 205px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 205px;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-18 12:45:11',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,170,'','',1,264,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(4484,5262,'Starch','starch-31','<p>If you have been warned about too much starch in a meal, you should distribute the concentrates and grains in the ration throughout the planned meals, and introduce more meals if necessary. You can also try to replace some of the concentrates with roughage (hay, haylage, beet pulp) of good quality. You can read below more about starch and how this feed component is digested.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Starch in the horse\'s ration</strong><br />Starch is a carbohydrate found in plant seeds and roots, such as grains or potatoes, and is an energy reserve for the plant. For comparison, animals use fat as their energy reserve. Starch is the most energy-rich part of the grain. The content of starch in oats and barley is about 500 g per kg (50% of the weight), and there is slightly more starch in barley than in oats.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Digestion of starch in the horse</strong><br />We want as much as possible of the starch to be digested and absorbed in the small intestine. Starch which is not digested in the small intestine will be passed on into the caecum, which is very large in the horse. Here, starch may create imbalances in the microbial flora and lead to a fall in pH and a reduced digestion of fibre.</p>\r\n<p>The chemical and physical structure of starch varies between grain species. The starch in oats is more easily digested than starch from barley and maize. This has practical significance for the horse because the horse can digest more oat starch in the small intestine than starches from other cereal species. When barley and maize are treated with pressure and heat, as is common in the commercial production of feed mixtures, the starch becomes more easily digestible, and behaves more like oat starch in the digestive tract. <br />Glucose is produced when starch is cleaved by several enzymes in the small intestine, and is then absorbed into the blood. A meal of cereals will in just a few hours give the horse elevated blood glucose (blood sugar) concentrations. Blood levels of glucose are regulated by the hormone insulin. Increased secretion of insulin takes place after a meal, and the hormone promotes the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen in liver and muscles. Glycogen is an important energy store for the horse, and is mobilized quickly when needed, for example during strenuous exercise and competitions.</p>\r\n<p>Horses are sensitive to variations in blood sugar. Some horses, especially ponies, may have trouble regulating blood sugar (a form of insulin resistance). Some horses may also become excited if the blood sugar concentration rises quickly (heating). It is therefore important, when planning feeding, to consider the amount of starch each horse will receive at every meal.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Recommendation</strong><br />Because of its properties, starch is both an important source of energy in the horse\'s ration, and also a feed component that can cause adverse reactions in the digestive system. As mentioned earlier, we do not want too much undigested starch to arrive at the caecum. At the same time, we do not want the starch to be too easy to digest, since this will give rise to excessive increases in blood glucose levels. It is therefore important to have a good grasp of how a starch-rich ration affects your horse, and how you can achieve a digestion profile for the starch that balances the two effects mentioned above. With PC-Horse you have the means to ensure that the amount of starch contained in each meal is within the recommended limits.</p>\r\n<p>In normal healthy horses, we recommend that a single meal should not contain more than 1,5 grams of starch per kg body weight. This means that a horse weighing 500 kg should not get more than about 750 grams of starch per meal. Since cereals and grain mixtures contain 400-500 grams of starch per kg, you should not give more than about 1,5 kg of grain or concentrate mix per meal. If your horse has a high energy requirement and receives a high proportion of grains and concentrates in its diet, we recommend increasing the number of meals per day, or changing the distribution of feed between meals if you become aware that the amount of starch per meal is too high.</p>\r\n<p>In PC-Horse, you can distribute the horse\'s overall ration over individual meals. You will then be given a clear warning when the amount of starch in one or more of your meals exceeds the recommended limits. For horses that have trouble regulating blood sugar, or easily develop symptoms of \"tying up\", it will be beneficial to provide less starch per meal than the recommended 1,5 g/kg body weight. As an alternative you can feed vegetable oil (see below), thus reducing the amount of grain or concentrate mix in the ration, without depriving the horse of too much energy.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 205px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 205px;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-22 10:03:43',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,169,'','',1,272,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(4485,5263,'Amidon','starch-33','<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: andale mono, times;\">Si vous avez été averti qu\'il y a trop d\'amidon dans un seul repas, vous devriez distribuer les concentrés et les grains dans la ration selon les repas prévus, et introduire plus de repas si nécessaire. Vous pouvez également essayer de remplacer certains concentrés par du fourrage grossier (foin, enrubanné, pulpe de betterave) de bonne qualité. Vous pourrez lire ci-dessous plus d\'informations sur l\'amidon et comment ce composant est digéré.</span></p>\r\n<p><strong>Amidon dans la ration du cheval</strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">L\'amidon est un hydrate de carbone présent dans les graines et les racines des plantes, comme les céréales ou les pommes de terre, et constitue une réserve d\'énergie pour la plante.</span> <span class=\"\">A titre de comparaison, les animaux utilisent les graisses comme réserve d\'énergie.</span> L\'amidon est la partie la plus riche en énergie du grain. <span class=\"\">La teneur en amidon de l\'avoine et de l\'orge est d\'environ 500 g par kg (50% du poids), et il y a un peu plus d\'amidon dans l\'orge que dans l\'avoine.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Digestion de l\'amidon chez le cheval</strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">Nous voulons autant que possible de l\'amidon soit digéré et absorbé dans l\'intestin grêle.</span> <span class=\"\">L\'amidon qui n\'est pas digéré dans l\'intestin grêle sera conduit vers le caecum qui est très gros chez le cheval.</span> <span class=\"\">Ici, l\'amidon peut créer des déséquilibres dans la flore microbienne et entraîner une baisse du pH et une digestion réduite des fibres.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"The chemical and physical structure of starch varies between grain species.\">La structure chimique et physique de l\'amidon varie entre les espèces de grains. </span><span title=\"The starch in oats is more easily digested than starch from barley and maize.\">L\'amidon dans l\'avoine est plus facile à digérer que l\'amidon de l\'orge et du maïs. </span><span title=\"This has practical significance for the horse because the horse can digest more oat starch in the small intestine than starches from other cereal species.\">Ceci a une signification pratique pour le cheval car le cheval peut digérer plus d\'amidon d\'avoine dans l\'intestin grêle que les amidons d\'autres espèces de céréales. </span><span title=\"When barley and maize are treated with pressure and heat, as is common in the commercial production of feed mixtures, the starch becomes more easily digestible, and behaves more like oat starch in the digestive tract.\">Lorsque l\'orge et le maïs sont traités à la pression et à la chaleur, ce qui est courant dans la production commerciale de mélanges alimentaires, l\'amidon devient plus facilement digestible et se comporte davantage comme l\'amidon d\'avoine dans le tube digestif.<br /></span><span title=\"Glucose is produced when starch is cleaved by several enzymes in the small intestine, and is then absorbed into the blood.\">Le glucose est produit lorsque l\'amidon est cassé par plusieurs enzymes dans l\'intestin grêle et est ensuite absorbé dans le sang. </span><span title=\"A meal of cereals will in just a few hours give the horse elevated blood glucose (blood sugar) concentrations.\">Un repas de céréales donnera en quelques heures au cheval des glycémies élevées (glycémie). </span><span title=\"Blood levels of glucose are regulated by the hormone insulin.\">Les niveaux sanguins de glucose sont régulés par l\'hormone insuline. </span><span title=\"Increased secretion of insulin takes place after a meal, and the hormone promotes the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen in liver and muscles.\">La sécrétion accrue d\'insuline a lieu après un repas, et l\'hormone favorise le stockage du glucose sous la forme de glycogène dans le foie et les muscles. </span><span title=\"Glycogen is an important energy store for the horse, and is mobilized quickly when needed, for example during strenuous exercise and competitions.\">Le glycogène est un important réservoir d\'énergie pour le cheval, et il est rapidement mobilisé en cas de besoin, par exemple lors d\'exercices et de compétitions difficiles.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">Les chevaux sont sensibles aux variations de la glycémie.</span> <span class=\"\">Certains chevaux, en particulier les poneys, peuvent avoir des difficultés à réguler leur glycémie (une forme de résistance à l\'insuline).</span> <span class=\"\">Certains chevaux peuvent également devenir excités si la concentration de sucre dans le sang augmente rapidement (chauffer).</span> <span class=\"\">Il est donc important, lors de la planification de l\'alimentation, de tenir compte de la quantité d\'amidon que chaque cheval recevra à chaque repas.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Recommandation</strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">En raison de ses propriétés, l\'amidon est à la fois une source d\'énergie importante dans la ration du cheval et un composant de l\'aliment qui peut provoquer des réactions indésirables dans le système digestif.</span> <span class=\"\">Comme mentionné précédemment, nous ne voulons pas que trop d\'amidon non digéré arrive au caecum.</span> <span class=\"\">En même temps, nous ne voulons pas que l\'amidon soit trop facile à digérer, car cela entraînera des augmentations excessives de la glycémie.</span> <span class=\"\">Il est donc important d\'avoir une bonne compréhension de la façon dont une ration riche en amidon affecte votre cheval, et comment vous pouvez obtenir un profil de digestion pour l\'amidon qui équilibre les deux effets mentionnés ci-dessus.</span> <span class=\"\">Avec PC-Horse, vous avez les moyens de vous assurer que la quantité d\'amidon contenue dans chaque repas se situe dans les limites recommandées.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">Chez les chevaux normaux en bonne santé, nous recommandons que chaque repas ne contienne pas plus de 1,5 grammes d\'amidon par kg de poids corporel.</span> <span class=\"\">Cela signifie qu\'un cheval pesant 500 kg ne devrait pas recevoir plus de 750 grammes d\'amidon par repas.</span> <span class=\"\">Puisque les céréales et les mélanges de céréales contiennent de 400 à 500 grammes d\'amidon par kg, vous ne devez pas donner plus d\'environ 1,5 kg de mélange de céréales ou de concentré par repas.</span> <span class=\"\">Si votre cheval a un besoin énergétique élevé et reçoit une forte proportion de céréales et de concentrés dans son alimentation, nous recommandons d\'augmenter le nombre de repas par jour, ou de changer la distribution des aliments entre les repas si vous prenez conscience que la quantité d\'amidon par repas</span> <span class=\"\">est trop élevée.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">Dans PC-Horse, vous pouvez répartir la ration globale du cheval sur des repas individuels.</span> <span class=\"\">Vous recevrez alors un avertissement clair lorsque la quantité d\'amidon dans un ou plusieurs de vos repas dépasse les limites recommandées.</span> <span class=\"\">Pour les chevaux qui ont des difficultés à réguler le taux de sucre dans le sang ou qui développent facilement des symptômes de «coup de sang», il est avantageux de fournir moins d\'amidon par repas que les 1,5 g/kg de poids corporel recommandés.</span> <span class=\"\">Comme alternative, vous pouvez proposer de l\'huile végétale (voir ci-dessous), réduisant ainsi la quantité de mélange de grains ou de concentré dans la ration, sans priver le cheval de trop d\'énergie.</span></span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 205px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 205px;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-12-16 19:06:13',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,168,'','',1,360,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(4486,5264,'Starch','starch-49','<p>If you have been warned about too much starch in a meal, you should distribute the concentrates and grains in the ration throughout the planned meals, and introduce more meals if necessary. You can also try to replace some of the concentrates with roughage (hay, haylage, beet pulp) of good quality. You can read below more about starch and how this feed component is digested.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Starch in the horse\'s ration</strong><br />Starch is a carbohydrate found in plant seeds and roots, such as grains or potatoes, and is an energy reserve for the plant. For comparison, animals use fat as their energy reserve. Starch is the most energy-rich part of the grain. The content of starch in oats and barley is about 500 g per kg (50% of the weight), and there is slightly more starch in barley than in oats.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Digestion of starch in the horse</strong><br />We want as much as possible of the starch to be digested and absorbed in the small intestine. Starch which is not digested in the small intestine will be passed on into the caecum, which is very large in the horse. Here, starch may create imbalances in the microbial flora and lead to a fall in pH and a reduced digestion of fibre.</p>\r\n<p>The chemical and physical structure of starch varies between grain species. The starch in oats is more easily digested than starch from barley and maize. This has practical significance for the horse because the horse can digest more oat starch in the small intestine than starches from other cereal species. When barley and maize are treated with pressure and heat, as is common in the commercial production of feed mixtures, the starch becomes more easily digestible, and behaves more like oat starch in the digestive tract. <br />Glucose is produced when starch is cleaved by several enzymes in the small intestine, and is then absorbed into the blood. A meal of cereals will in just a few hours give the horse elevated blood glucose (blood sugar) concentrations. Blood levels of glucose are regulated by the hormone insulin. Increased secretion of insulin takes place after a meal, and the hormone promotes the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen in liver and muscles. Glycogen is an important energy store for the horse, and is mobilized quickly when needed, for example during strenuous exercise and competitions.</p>\r\n<p>Horses are sensitive to variations in blood sugar. Some horses, especially ponies, may have trouble regulating blood sugar (a form of insulin resistance). Some horses may also become excited if the blood sugar concentration rises quickly (heating). It is therefore important, when planning feeding, to consider the amount of starch each horse will receive at every meal.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Recommendation</strong><br />Because of its properties, starch is both an important source of energy in the horse\'s ration, and also a feed component that can cause adverse reactions in the digestive system. As mentioned earlier, we do not want too much undigested starch to arrive at the caecum. At the same time, we do not want the starch to be too easy to digest, since this will give rise to excessive increases in blood glucose levels. It is therefore important to have a good grasp of how a starch-rich ration affects your horse, and how you can achieve a digestion profile for the starch that balances the two effects mentioned above. With PC-Horse you have the means to ensure that the amount of starch contained in each meal is within the recommended limits.</p>\r\n<p>In normal healthy horses, we recommend that a single meal should not contain more than 1,5 grams of starch per kg body weight. This means that a horse weighing 500 kg should not get more than about 750 grams of starch per meal. Since cereals and grain mixtures contain 400-500 grams of starch per kg, you should not give more than about 1,5 kg of grain or concentrate mix per meal. If your horse has a high energy requirement and receives a high proportion of grains and concentrates in its diet, we recommend increasing the number of meals per day, or changing the distribution of feed between meals if you become aware that the amount of starch per meal is too high.</p>\r\n<p>In PC-Horse, you can distribute the horse\'s overall ration over individual meals. You will then be given a clear warning when the amount of starch in one or more of your meals exceeds the recommended limits. For horses that have trouble regulating blood sugar, or easily develop symptoms of \"tying up\", it will be beneficial to provide less starch per meal than the recommended 1,5 g/kg body weight. As an alternative you can feed vegetable oil (see below), thus reducing the amount of grain or concentrate mix in the ration, without depriving the horse of too much energy.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 205px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 205px;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-22 10:22:45',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,167,'','',1,139,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(4487,5265,'Tärkkelys','starch-358','<p>Jos sait varoituksen liian suuresta tärkkelysmäärästä rehuannoksessa, tulisi Sinun jakaa väkirehut ja viljat tasaisesti suunnteltuihin ruokintakertoihin ja tarvittaessa lisätä ruokintakertoja. Voit myös yrittää korvata osan väkirehusta hyvälaatuisella karkearehulla (heinä, säilöheinä) tai melassileikkeellä.&nbsp; Voit alta lukea enemmän tärkkelyksestä ja miten tämän rehukomponentti sulatetaan.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Tärkkelys hevosen ruokinnassa</strong><br />Tärkkelys on hiilihydraatti, jota on kasvien siemenissä ja juurissa, kuten viljoissa ja perunassa, ollen tärkeä energiavarasto kasville. Tätä voi verrata eläinten energiavarastona käyttämään rasvaan. Tärkkelys on viljan jyvän energiarikkain osa. Kauran ja ohran tärkkelyspitoisuus on noin 500 g per kg (50% painosta). Ohrassa on hieman enemmän tärkkelystä kuin kaurassa.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Tärkkelyksen sulatus hevosen ruuansulatuskanavassa</strong><br />Haluamme mahdollisimman suuren osan tärkkelyksestä sulavan ja imeytyvän ohutsuolesta. Tärkkelys, joka ei imeydy ohutsuolesta, kulkeutuu umpisuoleen. Hevosen umpisuoli on hyvin suurikokoinen. Umpisuolessa tärkkelys saattaa johtaa mikrobiston epätasapainoon, pH:n laskuun ja heikentää kuidun sulatusta.</p>\r\n<p>Tärkkelyksen kemiallinen ja fysikaalinen rakenne vaihtelee eri viljalajien välillä. Kauran tärkkelys on helpommin sulavaa kuin ohran tai maissin tärkkelys. Tällä on käytännön merkitystä hevosen ruokinnassa, sillä hevonen pystyy sulattamaan ohutsuolessa enemmän kauran tärkkelystä kuin muiden viljalajien tärkkelystä. Kun ohraa ja maissia käsitellään paineella ja lämmöllä, kuten tyypillisissä teollisissa rehunvalmistusprosesseissa, tulee tärkkelyksestä tulee helpommin sulavaa ja se käyttäytyy ruuansulatuskanavassa enemmän kauran tärkkelyksen tavoin.</p>\r\n<p><br />Ohutsuolessa muodostuu glukoosia useiden entsyymien pilkkoessa tärkkelystä ja glukoosi imeytyy verenkiertoon. Viljaa sisältävä rehuannos nostaa muutamassa tunnissa hevosen veren glukoosipitoisuutta (veren sokeria). Veren sokeripitoisuutta säätelee hormoni nimeltä insuliini. Insuliinin eritys lisääntyy rehuannoksen syömisen jälkeen ja hormoni edistää glukoosin varastoitumista glykogeeninä maksaan ja lihaksistoon. Glykogeeni on hevoselle tärkeä energianlähde ja sitä mobilisoidaan tarvittaessa nopeasti esimerkiksi raskaan valmennuksen ja kilpailemisen aikana.</p>\r\n<p>Hevoset ovat herkkiä veren sokeripitoisuuden vaihtelulle. Joillain hevosilla, erityisesti poneilla, sattaa olla ongelmia veren sokeripitoisuuden säätelyssä (insuliiniresistenssin muodossa). Jotkin hevoset saattavat myös jännittyä veren sokeripitoisuuden noustessa nopeasti (kuumeneminen). Tämän vuoksi on tärkeää ottaa huomioon hevosen yksittäisillä ruokintakerroilla saaman tärkkelysken määrä.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Suositus</strong><br />Ominaisuuksiensa vuoksi tärkkelys on hevosen ruokinnassa sekä tärkeä energianlähde että ruuansulatuskanavassa mahdollinen haitallisten reaktoiden aiheuttaja. Kuten jo aiemmin mainittu, emme halua liian paljon sulamatonta tärkkelystä umpisuoleen. Samanaikaiseti tärkkelyksen ei tulisi olla liian nopeasti sulavaa, sillä tämä johtaa veren sokeripitoisuuden liialliseen nousuun. Tämän vuoksi on tärkeää olla tiedossa miten runsaasti tärkkelystä sisältävä ruokintaa vaikuttaa hevoseesi ja miten saavutetaan sellainen tärkkelyksen sulavuus, joka tasapainottaa näitä kahta edellä mainittua asiaa. PC-Horsen avulla voit varmistaa, että yksittäisten rehuannosten tärkkelyspitoisuus on suositusten rajoissa.</p>\r\n<p>Tavallisille terveille hevosille suosittelemme, ettei yksittäinen rehuannos sisältäisi yli 1,5 grammaa tärkkelystä / kg elopainoa. Tämä tarkoittaa, että 500 kg painavan hevosen ei tulisi saada tärkkelystä yli 750 g ruokintakertaa kohden.&nbsp; Koska viljat ja viljaseokset sisältävät tärkkelystä 400-500 gramma/kg, ei sinun tulisi antaa kerrallaan yli 1,5 kg viljaa tai viljaseosta. Jos hevosellasi on korkea energiantarve ja se saa runsaasti viljaa ja väkirehua, suosittelemme lisämään päivittäisiä ruokintakertoja tai vaihtamaan rehujen jakautumista rehuannosten kesken, jos yksittäisen ruokintakerran tärkkelysmäärä nousee liian suureksi.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horsessa voit jakaa hevosen päivittäisen rehumäärän erillisiin ruokintakertoihin. Tämän jälkeen saat varoituksen, jos yhdessä tai useammassa rehuannoksessa nousee yli asetettujen rajojen. Hevosille, joilla on ongelmia verensokeripitoisuuden säätelyn kanssa tai kehittävät helposti lannehalvausoireita, on suositeltavaa antaa vähemmän tärkkelystä kuin suositeltu raja 1,5 g/kg elopainoa. Vaihtoehtoisesti voit vähentää viljan tai väkirehuseoksen määrää ja lisätä ruokintaan kasviöljyä (katso myöhemmin) laskematta liian paljon ruokinnan energiamäärää. </p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 205px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 205px;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-27 17:52:38',106,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',8,166,'','',1,174,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fi-FI',''),(4488,5266,'Sugar','sugar-31','<p>Sugars in feeds are analyzed using several methods. The most common is referred to as “total sugar”, and measures simple sugars such as glucose, fructose and sucrose.</p>\r\n<p>In regular hay, the sugar content is about 100 grams per kg, but with a considerable variation. In haylage, part of the original sugar is broken down during fermentation, and the sugar content is usually lower. In grains and concentrates, the sugar content is low (the normal sugar content of oats and barley is only about 18 to 20 grams per kg.). Rations containing added molasses will, however, have a higher content of sugar.<br /><br />The amount of sugar found in hay and haylage seldom causes problems in horses. The uptake of roughage is spread over many hours of the day. Sugar absorption is therefore taking place over an extended period of time in the small intestine, and does not lead to large fluctuations in blood glucose concentrations.</p>\r\n<p>Horses that have problems with blood sugar regulation or are insulin resistant may still benefit from forage that is low in sugar.</p>\r\n<p><br /><strong>Fructanes</strong></p>\r\n<p>Fructanes are complex molecules (polysaccharides) which grasses store as an energy source. The horse lacks enzymes to digest fructanes in the small intestine, and these carbohydrates will therefore not be digested in the same way as starch and simple sugars. Fructanes are instead transported to the caecum, where they are broken down by microbes. If the ration contains large quantities of fructanes, it can cause, in the same way as too much starch, an imbalance in microbial fermentation and adverse conditions in the caecum. In the case of some horses, this may lead to laminitis. It is therefore important that horses are introduced gradually to a lush, rich pasture.</p>\r\n<p>The level of fructanes in grasses varies with weather conditions and grass species. In cold periods, the fructane content can be higher than in warm periods. On hot sunny summer days, there is little to worry about. In the early summer and autumn, during periods of cold nights and mornings the fructane content of the grass can be very high. It is therefore wise to give extra attention to the horse\'s reactions to grazing in cool periods, especially early and late in the grazing season.</p>\r\n<p>Since the fructane content of grasses varies so much, specific analyses of fructanes are not commonly used. However, since there are significant differences in the amount of fructanes amongst grass species and varieties, those who grow their own horse feeds also have the option to seed grasses selected for their moderate fructane content.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-17 14:37:03',10,'','2017-11-22 10:03:13',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-17 14:37:03','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,165,'','',1,125,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(4489,5267,'Sucres','sugar-33','<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"Sugars in feeds are analyzed using several methods.\"><strong>Les sucres</strong> dans les aliments sont analysés en utilisant plusieurs méthodes. </span>span title=\"The most common is referred to as “total sugar”, and measures simple sugars such as glucose, fructose and sucrose.\r\n\r\n&quot;&gt;La\"plus commune est appelée «sucre total» et mesure les sucres simples tels que le glucose, le fructose et le saccharose.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span title=\"In regular hay, the sugar content is about 100 grams per kg, but with a considerable variation.\">Dans le foin ordinaire, la teneur en sucre est d\'environ 100 grammes par kg, mais avec des variations considérables. </span><span title=\"In haylage, part of the original sugar is broken down during fermentation, and the sugar content is usually lower.\">Dans l\'enrubanné, une partie du sucre d\'origine est cassée pendant la fermentation, et la teneur en sucre est généralement plus faible. </span><span title=\"In grains and concentrates, the sugar content is low (the normal sugar content of oats and barley is only about 18 to 20 grams per kg.).\">Dans les céréales et les concentrés, la teneur en sucre est faible (la teneur normale en sucre de l\'avoine et de l\'orge n\'est que d\'environ 18 à 20 grammes par kg). </span><span title=\"Rations containing added molasses will, however, have a higher content of sugar.\">Les rations contenant de la mélasse ajoutée auront cependant une teneur en sucre plus élevée.</span></p>\r\n<p><span title=\"The amount of sugar found in hay and haylage seldom causes problems in horses.\">La quantité de sucre trouvée dans le foin et l\'enrubanné occasionne rarement des problèmes chez les chevaux. </span><span title=\"The uptake of roughage is spread over many hours of the day.\">L\'absorption de fourrage est répartie sur plusieurs heures de la journée. </span><span title=\"Sugar absorption is therefore taking place over an extended period of time in the small intestine, and does not lead to large fluctuations in blood glucose concentrations.\">L\'absorption du sucre se déroule donc sur une longue période dans l\'intestin grêle et n\'entraîne pas de grandes fluctuations des concentrations de glucose dans le sang.</span></p>\r\n<p><span title=\"Horses that have problems with blood sugar regulation or are insulin resistant may still benefit from forage that is low in sugar.\">Les chevaux qui ont des problèmes de régulation de la glycémie ou sont résistants à l\'insuline peuvent tout de même bénéficier d\'un fourrage pauvre en sucre.</span></p>\r\n<p><strong>Fructanes</strong></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"Fructanes are complex molecules (polysaccharides) which grasses store as an energy source.\">Les fructanes sont des molécules complexes (polysaccharides) que les graminées stockent comme source d\'énergie. </span><span title=\"The horse lacks enzymes to digest fructanes in the small intestine, and these carbohydrates will therefore not be digested in the same way as starch and simple sugars.\">Le cheval manque d\'enzymes pour digérer les fructanes dans l\'intestin grêle, et ces hydrates de carbone ne seront donc pas digérés de la même manière que l\'amidon et les sucres simples. </span><span title=\"Fructanes are instead transported to the caecum, where they are broken down by microbes.\">Les fructanes sont plutôt transportés vers le caecum, où ils sont décomposés par des microbes. </span><span title=\"If the ration contains large quantities of fructanes, it can cause, in the same way as too much starch, an imbalance in microbial fermentation and adverse conditions in the caecum.\">Si la ration contient de grandes quantités de fructanes, elle peut provoquer, de la même manière que trop d\'amidon, un déséquilibre de la fermentation microbienne et des conditions défavorables dans le caecum. </span><span title=\"In the case of some horses, this may lead to laminitis.\">Dans le cas de certains chevaux, cela peut entraîner une fourbure. </span><span title=\"It is therefore important that horses are introduced gradually to a lush, rich pasture.\">Il est donc important que les chevaux soient introduits progressivement dans un pâturage luxuriant et riche.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span title=\"The level of fructanes in grasses varies with weather conditions and grass species.\">Le niveau de fructanes de l\'herbe varie avec les conditions météorologiques et les espèces d\'herbes. </span><span title=\"In cold periods, the fructane content can be higher than in warm periods.\">Dans les périodes froides, la teneur en fructane peut être plus élevée que pendant les périodes chaudes. </span><span title=\"On hot sunny summer days, there is little to worry about.\">Les jours chauds et ensoleillés en été, il y a peu à s\'inquiéter. </span><span title=\"In the early summer and autumn, during periods of cold nights and mornings the fructane content of the grass can be very high.\">Au début de l\'été et en automne, pendant les périodes froides la nuit et le matin, la teneur en fructane de l\'herbe peut être très élevée. </span><span title=\"It is therefore wise to give extra attention to the horse\'s reactions to grazing in cool periods, especially early and late in the grazing season.\">Il est donc sage d\'accorder une attention particulière aux réactions du cheval au pâturage dans les périodes fraîches, en particulier tôt et tard dans la saison de pâturage.</span></p>\r\n<p><span title=\"Since the fructane content of grasses varies so much, specific analyses of fructanes are not commonly used.\">Comme la teneur en fructane de l\'herbe varie beaucoup, les analyses spécifiques des fructanes ne sont pas couramment utilisées. </span><span title=\"However, since there are significant differences in the amount of fructanes amongst grass species and varieties, those who grow their own horse feeds also have the option to seed grasses selected for their moderate fructane content.\">Cependant, comme il y a des différences significatives dans la quantité de fructanes parmi les espèces et variétés de graminées, les personnes qui cultivent leurs propres aliments pour chevaux ont également la possibilité d\'ensemencer avec des graminées sélectionnées pour leur teneur modérée en fructanes.</span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-17 14:37:03',10,'','2017-12-16 18:32:00',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-17 14:37:03','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,164,'','',1,160,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(4490,5268,'Sugar','sugar-44','<p>Sugars in feeds are analyzed using several methods. The most common is referred to as “total sugar”, and measures simple sugars such as glucose, fructose and sucrose.</p>\r\n<p>In regular hay, the sugar content is about 100 grams per kg, but with a considerable variation. In haylage, part of the original sugar is broken down during fermentation, and the sugar content is usually lower. In grains and concentrates, the sugar content is low (the normal sugar content of oats and barley is only about 18 to 20 grams per kg.). Rations containing added molasses will, however, have a higher content of sugar.<br /><br />The amount of sugar found in hay and haylage seldom causes problems in horses. The uptake of roughage is spread over many hours of the day. Sugar absorption is therefore taking place over an extended period of time in the small intestine, and does not lead to large fluctuations in blood glucose concentrations.</p>\r\n<p>Horses that have problems with blood sugar regulation or are insulin resistant may still benefit from forage that is low in sugar.</p>\r\n<p><br /><strong>Fructanes</strong></p>\r\n<p>Fructanes are complex molecules (polysaccharides) which grasses store as an energy source. The horse lacks enzymes to digest fructanes in the small intestine, and these carbohydrates will therefore not be digested in the same way as starch and simple sugars. Fructanes are instead transported to the caecum, where they are broken down by microbes. If the ration contains large quantities of fructanes, it can cause, in the same way as too much starch, an imbalance in microbial fermentation and adverse conditions in the caecum. In the case of some horses, this may lead to laminitis. It is therefore important that horses are introduced gradually to a lush, rich pasture.</p>\r\n<p>The level of fructanes in grasses varies with weather conditions and grass species. In cold periods, the fructane content can be higher than in warm periods. On hot sunny summer days, there is little to worry about. In the early summer and autumn, during periods of cold nights and mornings the fructane content of the grass can be very high. It is therefore wise to give extra attention to the horse\'s reactions to grazing in cool periods, especially early and late in the grazing season.</p>\r\n<p>Since the fructane content of grasses varies so much, specific analyses of fructanes are not commonly used. However, since there are significant differences in the amount of fructanes amongst grass species and varieties, those who grow their own horse feeds also have the option to seed grasses selected for their moderate fructane content.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-17 14:37:03',10,'','2017-11-18 12:44:47',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-17 14:37:03','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,163,'','',1,125,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(4491,5269,'Sugar','sugar-49','<p>Sugars in feeds are analyzed using several methods. The most common is referred to as “total sugar”, and measures simple sugars such as glucose, fructose and sucrose.</p>\r\n<p>In regular hay, the sugar content is about 100 grams per kg, but with a considerable variation. In haylage, part of the original sugar is broken down during fermentation, and the sugar content is usually lower. In grains and concentrates, the sugar content is low (the normal sugar content of oats and barley is only about 18 to 20 grams per kg.). Rations containing added molasses will, however, have a higher content of sugar.<br /><br />The amount of sugar found in hay and haylage seldom causes problems in horses. The uptake of roughage is spread over many hours of the day. Sugar absorption is therefore taking place over an extended period of time in the small intestine, and does not lead to large fluctuations in blood glucose concentrations.</p>\r\n<p>Horses that have problems with blood sugar regulation or are insulin resistant may still benefit from forage that is low in sugar.</p>\r\n<p><br /><strong>Fructanes</strong></p>\r\n<p>Fructanes are complex molecules (polysaccharides) which grasses store as an energy source. The horse lacks enzymes to digest fructanes in the small intestine, and these carbohydrates will therefore not be digested in the same way as starch and simple sugars. Fructanes are instead transported to the caecum, where they are broken down by microbes. If the ration contains large quantities of fructanes, it can cause, in the same way as too much starch, an imbalance in microbial fermentation and adverse conditions in the caecum. In the case of some horses, this may lead to laminitis. It is therefore important that horses are introduced gradually to a lush, rich pasture.</p>\r\n<p>The level of fructanes in grasses varies with weather conditions and grass species. In cold periods, the fructane content can be higher than in warm periods. On hot sunny summer days, there is little to worry about. In the early summer and autumn, during periods of cold nights and mornings the fructane content of the grass can be very high. It is therefore wise to give extra attention to the horse\'s reactions to grazing in cool periods, especially early and late in the grazing season.</p>\r\n<p>Since the fructane content of grasses varies so much, specific analyses of fructanes are not commonly used. However, since there are significant differences in the amount of fructanes amongst grass species and varieties, those who grow their own horse feeds also have the option to seed grasses selected for their moderate fructane content.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-17 14:37:03',10,'','2017-11-22 10:22:18',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-17 14:37:03','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,162,'','',1,123,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(4492,5270,'Sokeri','sugar-358','<p>Rehuissa olevien sokerien määrä on mahdollista analysoida useilla erilaisilla tavoilla. Yleisin analyysimenetelmä on \"kokonaissokerit\", joka mittaa yksittäisten sokerien määrät kuten glukoosi, fruktoosi ja sakkaroosi.</p>\r\n<p>Tavallisesti heinän sokeripitoisuus on noin 100 grammaa/kg, mutta pitoisuuksissa saattaa olla huomattavaa vaihtelua. Säilöheinässä osa alkuperäisistä sokereista hajoaa käymisprosessin aikana ja sokeripitoisuus on yleensä matalampi.&nbsp; Viljojen ja väkirehujen sokeripitoisuus on matala (tyypillinen sokeripitoisuus kauralle ja ohralle on noin 18-20 g/kg). Rehut, joihin on lisätty seosmelassia, sisältävät kuitenkin enemmän sokeria. <br /><br />Heinän ja säilöhienän sokeri harvoin aiheuttaa hevoselle ongelmia. Karkearehun syönti jakautuu vuorokaudessa useiden tuntien ajanjaksolle. Tämän vuoksi sokeri imeytyy ohutsuolesta tasaisesti pidemmällä aikavälillä, eikä aiheuta suuria heilahtelua veren sokeripitoisuuteen.</p>\r\n<p>Insuliiniresistenssit hevoset saattavat hyötyä matalasokerisen karkearehun käytöstä, kuten myös hevoset, joilla on vaikeuksia veren sokeripitoisuuden säätelyssä.</p>\r\n<p><br /><strong>Fruktaanit</strong></p>\r\n<p>Fruktaanit ovat sokeriyhdisteitä (polysakkarideja), joita kasvit varastoivat energianlähteekseen. Hevosella ei ole entsyymiä, joka hajottaisi fruktaania ohusuolessa. Tämän vuoksi nämä hiilihydraatit eivt hajoa ja imeydy ohutsuolessa tärkkelyksen ja yksittäisten sokerien tavoin. Fruktaanit kulkeutuvat umpisuoleen, missä mikrobit hajottavat sitä. Jos rehustus sisältää fruktaania suuria määriä, se saattaa suurien tärkkelysmäärien tavoin aiheuttaa häiriöitä mikrobiston toimintaan ja saada aikaan haitalliset olosuhteet umpisuoleen. Joillain hevosilla tämä saattaa aiheuttaa kaviokuumetta. Tämän vuoksi on eirittäin tärkeää totuttaa hevoset pikkuhiljaa tuoreeseen ja voimakkaaseen laidunruohoon.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>Fruktaanien määrä ruohossa vaihtelee sääolosuhteiden ja kasvilajin mukaan. Kylmällä säällä fruktaanipitoisuus saattaa olla korkeampi kuin lämpimänä aikajaksona. Kuumina kesäpäivinä ei tarvitse olla huolissaan. Alkukesällä ja syksyllä, öiden ja aamujen ollessa kylmiä, saattaa ruohon fruktaanipitoisuus olla todella korkea. Tämän vuoksi on viisasta tarkkailla hevosen reagointia laidunnukseen erityisesti laidunnuskauden alussa ja lopussa. </p>\r\n<p>Koska ruohon fruktaanipitoisuus vaihtelee huomattavasti, ei pitoisuutta yleensä analysoida. Koska eri kasvilajien fruktaanipitoisuuksissa on huomattavia eroja, on itse heinää viljelevillä mahdollisuus valita nurmiseokseen sellainen koostumus, jossa on maltilliset fruktaanipitoisuudet. </p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-17 14:37:03',10,'','2017-12-03 09:41:39',106,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-17 14:37:03','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,161,'','',1,156,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fi-FI',''),(4493,5271,'Fat','fat-31','<p><strong><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too little fat<br /></strong></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>The most common rations for horses contain little fat. Amongst forages such as hay and haylage, the fat content is usually 10-15 grams of digestible fat per kg of dry material. In barley the content of fat is approximately 20 grams and in oats 50 grams per kg.</p>\r\n<p>Fat in the form of vegetable oils can be an important energy supplement for the horse, particularly for horses that have problems with the regulation of their blood sugar (glucose) levels, and whose ration therefore should be one with minimal amounts of cereals. Fat is therefore recommended for horses that have a history of laminitis or have problems with \"tying up\" symptoms and muscle degeneration.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too much fat<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>The horse digests fat well, when consumed in moderate quantities. If we give vegetable oil in the ration, we expect that it is unproblematic to give up to 0.10 kg per 100 kg of body weight. This means that we could give 0.5 litres per day to a horse of 500 kg. The oil should be divided into at least two meals. The horse is not particularly fond of vegetable oil. You will therefore have to mix the oil with feeds that the horse will eat readily, such as grain or concentrates.</p>\r\n<p>Fat is rich in energy, and usually contains around three times as much energy as conventional feed mixtures. This means that 0.3 kg of oil has about the same energy value as 1 kg of concentrates.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-22 10:02:49',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,160,'','',1,256,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(4494,5272,'Fat','fat-44','<p><strong><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too little fat<br /></strong></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>The most common rations for horses contain little fat. Amongst forages such as hay and haylage, the fat content is usually 10-15 grams of digestible fat per kg of dry material. In barley the content of fat is approximately 20 grams and in oats 50 grams per kg.</p>\r\n<p>Fat in the form of vegetable oils can be an important energy supplement for the horse, particularly for horses that have problems with the regulation of their blood sugar (glucose) levels, and whose ration therefore should be one with minimal amounts of cereals. Fat is therefore recommended for horses that have a history of laminitis or have problems with \"tying up\" symptoms and muscle degeneration.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too much fat<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>The horse digests fat well, when consumed in moderate quantities. If we give vegetable oil in the ration, we expect that it is unproblematic to give up to 0.10 kg per 100 kg of body weight. This means that we could give 0.5 litres per day to a horse of 500 kg. The oil should be divided into at least two meals. The horse is not particularly fond of vegetable oil. You will therefore have to mix the oil with feeds that the horse will eat readily, such as grain or concentrates.</p>\r\n<p>Fat is rich in energy, and usually contains around three times as much energy as conventional feed mixtures. This means that 0.3 kg of oil has about the same energy value as 1 kg of concentrates.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-18 12:44:19',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,159,'','',1,240,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(4495,5273,'Fat','fat-49','<p><strong><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too little fat<br /></strong></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>The most common rations for horses contain little fat. Amongst forages such as hay and haylage, the fat content is usually 10-15 grams of digestible fat per kg of dry material. In barley the content of fat is approximately 20 grams and in oats 50 grams per kg.</p>\r\n<p>Fat in the form of vegetable oils can be an important energy supplement for the horse, particularly for horses that have problems with the regulation of their blood sugar (glucose) levels, and whose ration therefore should be one with minimal amounts of cereals. Fat is therefore recommended for horses that have a history of laminitis or have problems with \"tying up\" symptoms and muscle degeneration.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too much fat<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>The horse digests fat well, when consumed in moderate quantities. If we give vegetable oil in the ration, we expect that it is unproblematic to give up to 0.10 kg per 100 kg of body weight. This means that we could give 0.5 litres per day to a horse of 500 kg. The oil should be divided into at least two meals. The horse is not particularly fond of vegetable oil. You will therefore have to mix the oil with feeds that the horse will eat readily, such as grain or concentrates.</p>\r\n<p>Fat is rich in energy, and usually contains around three times as much energy as conventional feed mixtures. This means that 0.3 kg of oil has about the same energy value as 1 kg of concentrates.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-22 10:21:52',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,158,'','',1,138,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(4496,5274,'Lipides','fat-33','<p><strong><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de lipides<br /></strong></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">Les rations les plus courantes pour les chevaux contiennent peu de graisse.</span> <span class=\"\">Parmi les fourrages tels que le foin et le préfané, la teneur en graisse est habituellement de 10-15 grammes de matière grasse digestible par kg de matière sèche.</span> <span class=\"\">Dans l\'orge, la teneur en graisse est d\'environ 20 grammes et dans l\'avoine de 50 grammes par kg.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"\">Les graisses sous forme d\'huiles végétales peuvent être un complément énergétique important pour le cheval, en particulier pour les chevaux qui ont des problèmes de régulation de leur taux de sucre dans le sang (glucose), et dont la ration ne devrait donc contenir qu\'une quantité minimale de céréales.</span> <span class=\"\">La graisse est donc recommandée pour les chevaux qui ont des antécédents de fourbure ou qui ont des problèmes de «coup de sang» et de dégénérescence musculaire.</span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop de lipides<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">Le cheval digère bien la graisse lorsqu\'elle est consommée en quantité modérée.</span> <span class=\"\">Si nous ajoutons de l\'huile végétale dans la ration, administrer 0,10 kg par 100 kg de poids corporel ne semble pas poser de problème.</span> <span class=\"\">Cela signifie que nous pourrions donner 0,5 litre par jour à un cheval de 500 kg.</span> <span class=\"\">L\'huile doit être divisée en au moins deux repas.</span> <span class=\"\">Le cheval n\'est pas particulièrement friand de l\'huile végétale.</span> <span class=\"\">Vous devrez donc mélanger l\'huile avec des aliments que le cheval mange facilement, comme les céréales ou les concentrés.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"\">Les matières grasses sont riches en énergie et contiennent généralement environ trois fois plus d\'énergie que les mélanges alimentaires conventionnels.</span> <span class=\"\">Cela signifie que 0,3 kg d\'huile a environ la même valeur énergétique que 1 kg de concentré.</span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-12-16 18:00:09',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,157,'','',1,261,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(4497,5275,'Rasva','fat-358','<p><strong><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän rasvaa<br /></strong></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Useimmat hevosten rehustukset sisältävät vähän rasvaa. Karkearehuissa, kuten heinässä ja säilöheinässä, sulavan rasvan määrä on yleensä 10-15 g/kg ka. Kilossa ohraa on rasvaa noin 20 g ja kaurassa 50 g. </p>\r\n<p>Kasviöljyjen muodossa oleva energia voi olla tärkeä energianlähde hevoselle, erityisesti sellaisille hevosille, joilla on ongelmia veren sokeripitoisuuden (glukoosin) tason säätelyssä ja rehutuksen tulee tämän vuoksi sisältää vain hyvin vähän viljaa. Tämän vuoksi rasvaa suositellaan hevosille, joilla on kaviokuumetausta, lannehalvausoireita ja lihasvaurioita. </p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liikaa rasvaa<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Hevoset sulattavat rasvaa hyvin, kun sitä lisätään rehustukseen kohtuullisia määriä. Kun ruokintaan lisätään kasviöljyä, oletamme ongelmattomaksi öljyn käyttömääräksi 0.1 kg/100 kg elopainoa. Tämä tarkoittaa, että voit antaa 500 kg painavalle hevoselle 0.5 litraa öljyä päivässä. Hevoset eivät erityisesti pidä kasviöljyistä. Tämän vuoksi öljy tulee sekoittaa maittavaan rehuun, kuten vilja tai väkirehuseokset.&nbsp; </p>\r\n<p>Rasvassa on runsaasti energiaa ja sisältää usein energiaa kolme kertaa enemmän kuin väkirehuseokset. Tämä tarkoittaa, että 0,3 kg öljyä sisältää yhtä paljon energiaa kuin 1 kg väkirehua. </p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-25 14:19:31',106,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,156,'','',1,175,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fi-FI',''),(4498,5276,'Biotin','biotin-31','<p>Biotin plays a part in many metabolic reactions in the body, including the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids, and during the production of glucose. Biotin is also important for normal cell replication.</p>\r\n<p>Biotin is found in many feeds and feed components. Examples of biotin content are: Alfalfa hay 0.2 mg/kg DM, Oats 0.1 to 0.4 mg/kg DM, Barley 0.13 to 0.17 mg/kg DM.</p>\r\n<p>Biotin is one of the water soluble B-vitamins. For a horse, the exact requirement for biotin is not yet determined. Therefore, PC-Horse cannot warn of deficiency or of surplus of biotin in the ration. Normally, sufficient biotin to cover the horses\' needs is produced by the microbes in the intestinal tract. Biotin is reported to have a positive effect on normal hoof growth and in the repair of damaged hooves. For such conditions, typical recommendations say that relatively large amounts of biotin (10-30 mg/day) must be provided for periods of 7-9 months.</p>\r\n<p>Many animal feeds and mineral- and vitamin mixtures have added biotin. There are also special supplements with particularly high levels of biotin on the market.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-22 10:02:11',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,155,'','',1,263,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(4499,5277,'Biotine','biotin-33','<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"Biotin plays a part in many metabolic reactions in the body, including the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids, and during the production of glucose.\">La biotine joue un rôle dans de nombreuses réactions métaboliques dans le corps, y compris le métabolisme des acides gras et des acides aminés, et pendant la production de glucose. </span><span title=\"Biotin is also important for normal cell replication.\">La biotine est également importante pour une réplication cellulaire normale.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span title=\"Biotin is found in many feeds and feed components.\">La biotine se trouve dans de nombreux aliments et composants d\'aliments. </span><span title=\"Examples of biotin content are: Alfalfa hay 0.2 mg/kg DM, Oats 0.1 to 0.4 mg/kg DM, Barley 0.13 to 0.17 mg/kg DM.\">Exemples de teneur en biotine : foin de luzerne 0,2 mg / kg MS, avoine 0,1 à 0,4 mg / kg MS, orge 0,13 à 0,17 mg / kg MS.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span title=\"Biotin is one of the water soluble B-vitamins.\">La biotine est l\'une des vitamines B hydrosolubles. </span><span title=\"For a horse, the exact requirement for biotin is not yet determined.\">Pour un cheval, le besoin exact en biotine n\'est pas encore déterminé. </span><span title=\"Therefore, PC-Horse cannot warn of deficiency or of surplus of biotin in the ration.\">Par conséquent, PC-Horse ne peut pas prévenir de carence ou de surplus de biotine dans la ration. </span><span title=\"Normally, sufficient biotin to cover the horses\' needs is produced by the microbes in the intestinal tract.\">Normalement, une quantité suffisante de biotine pour couvrir les besoins des chevaux est produite par les microbes dans le tractus intestinal. </span><span title=\"Biotin is reported to have a positive effect on normal hoof growth and in the repair of damaged hooves.\">La biotine aurait un effet positif sur la croissance normale des sabots et sur la réparation des sabots endommagés. </span><span title=\"For such conditions, typical recommendations say that relatively large amounts of biotin (10-30 mg/day) must be provided for periods of 7-9 months.\">Dans ce cas, les recommandations typiques indiquent que des quantités relativement importantes de biotine (10-30 mg / jour) doivent être fournies sur une période de 7-9 mois.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span title=\"Many animal feeds and mineral- and vitamin mixtures have added biotin.\">De nombreux aliments pour animaux et mélanges de minéraux et de vitamines sont renforcés en biotine. </span><span title=\"There are also special supplements with particularly high levels of biotin on the market.\">Il existe également des suppléments spéciaux avec des niveaux particulièrement élevés de biotine sur le marché.</span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-12-14 18:54:24',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,154,'','',1,270,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(4500,5278,'Biotin','biotin-44','<p>Biotin plays a part in many metabolic reactions in the body, including the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids, and during the production of glucose. Biotin is also important for normal cell replication.</p>\r\n<p>Biotin is found in many feeds and feed components. Examples of biotin content are: Alfalfa hay 0.2 mg/kg DM, Oats 0.1 to 0.4 mg/kg DM, Barley 0.13 to 0.17 mg/kg DM.</p>\r\n<p>Biotin is one of the water soluble B-vitamins. For a horse, the exact requirement for biotin is not yet determined. Therefore, PC-Horse cannot warn of deficiency or of surplus of biotin in the ration. Normally, sufficient biotin to cover the horses\' needs is produced by the microbes in the intestinal tract. Biotin is reported to have a positive effect on normal hoof growth and in the repair of damaged hooves. For such conditions, typical recommendations say that relatively large amounts of biotin (10-30 mg/day) must be provided for periods of 7-9 months.</p>\r\n<p>Many animal feeds and mineral- and vitamin mixtures have added biotin. There are also special supplements with particularly high levels of biotin on the market.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-18 12:43:51',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,153,'','',1,256,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(4501,5279,'Biotin','biotin-49','<p>Biotin plays a part in many metabolic reactions in the body, including the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids, and during the production of glucose. Biotin is also important for normal cell replication.</p>\r\n<p>Biotin is found in many feeds and feed components. Examples of biotin content are: Alfalfa hay 0.2 mg/kg DM, Oats 0.1 to 0.4 mg/kg DM, Barley 0.13 to 0.17 mg/kg DM.</p>\r\n<p>Biotin is one of the water soluble B-vitamins. For a horse, the exact requirement for biotin is not yet determined. Therefore, PC-Horse cannot warn of deficiency or of surplus of biotin in the ration. Normally, sufficient biotin to cover the horses\' needs is produced by the microbes in the intestinal tract. Biotin is reported to have a positive effect on normal hoof growth and in the repair of damaged hooves. For such conditions, typical recommendations say that relatively large amounts of biotin (10-30 mg/day) must be provided for periods of 7-9 months.</p>\r\n<p>Many animal feeds and mineral- and vitamin mixtures have added biotin. There are also special supplements with particularly high levels of biotin on the market.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-22 10:20:50',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,152,'','',1,131,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(4502,5280,'Biotiini','biotin-358','<p>Biotiinilla on tärkeä osa monissa elimistön aineenvaihdunnallisissa reaktioissa, sisältäen rasvahappo- ja aminohappoaineenvahdunnan ja glukoosin tuottamisen. Biotiinia tarvitaan myös normaaliin solujen jakautumiseen. </p>\r\n<p>Biotiinia on useissa rehuissa ja rehuraaka-aineissa. Biotiinia on esimerkiksi sinimailasheinässä 0.2 mg/kg KA, kaurassa 0.1 - 0.4 mg/kg KA ja ohrassa 0.13 - 0.17 mg/kg KA.</p>\r\n<p>Biotiini on yksi vesiliukoisista B-vitamiineista. Hevosen aivan tarkkaa biotiinin tarvetta ei tunneta.&nbsp; Tämän vuoksi PC-Horse ei varoita rehustuksesta puuttuvasta tai mahdollisesti liiallisesti tulevasta biotiinista. Tavallisesti ruuansulatuskanavan mikrobit tuottavat riittävästi biotiinia kattamaan hevosen tarpeen. Biotiinilla on todettu olevan positiivinen vaikutus kavion kasvuun ja korjaavan vaurioituneita kavioita. Näissä tapauksissa suositellaan kohtuullisen suuria biotiiniannoksia (10-30 mg/päivä) 7-9 kuukauden ajan.&nbsp; </p>\r\n<p>Monissa kivennäis- ja vitamiiniseoksissa on lisättyä biotiinia. On saatavilla myös erityisen runsaasti biotiinia sisältäviä täydennysrehuvalmisteita. </p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>','',1,623,'2016-11-18 15:48:32',10,'','2017-11-25 13:28:00',106,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,151,'','',1,181,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fi-FI',''),