(3423,4085,'Microminéraux','microminerals-2','<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Les</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">besoins</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">en</span> <span class=\"hps\">microminéraux</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">sont exprimés en</span> <span class=\"hps\">milligrammes</span> <span class=\"hps\">par kg de matière</span> <span class=\"hps\">sèche de la ration</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">par le NRC</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Ceci est lié à</span> <span class=\"hps\">certaines</span> <span class=\"hps\">rations</span> <span class=\"hps\">standard</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">telles que définies</span> <span class=\"hps\">par le</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">NRC</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">PC</span><span class=\"atn\">-</span><span class=\"alt-edited\">Horse</span><span>, nous avons ajouté</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">une marge de sécurité</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">les</span> <span class=\"hps\">besoins nets</span> <span class=\"hps\">donnés</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">par le NRC</span> <span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Cela nous permet</span> <span class=\"hps\">également</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">de calculer les besoins</span> <span class=\"hps\">sans avoir à</span> <span class=\"hps\">prendre</span> <span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"> <span class=\"hps\">en compte</span></span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">des rations</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">standard particulières</span><span class=\"hps\"></span>.</span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>','',1,9,'2008-09-11 08:42:04',62,'','2015-07-31 10:12:38',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:42:04','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',5,84,'','',1,1852,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3424,4086,'Eau et électrolytes','water-and-electrolytes-fr','<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps atn\">De grandes quantités d\'</span>eau <span class=\"hps\">et d\'électrolytes</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont échangées</span> <span class=\"hps\">quotidiennement</span> <span class=\"hps\">entre</span> <span class=\"hps\">le contenu du</span> <span class=\"hps\">tractus gastro-intestinal</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">le sang.</span> <span class=\"hps\">La quantité d\'eau</span> <span class=\"hps\">sécrétée dans le</span> <span class=\"hps\">tractus gastro-intestinal</span> <span class=\"hps\">est de 15-20</span> <span class=\"hps\">litres par</span> <span class=\"hps\">100 kg de</span> <span class=\"hps\">poids corporel</span> <span class=\"hps\">par jour</span> <span class=\"hps\">(tableau 9</span>) <span class=\"hps\">.Ce</span> <span class=\"hps\">fluide contient</span> <span class=\"hps\">de fortes concentrations de</span> <span class=\"hps\">sodium et de chlorure</span>, mais des mécanismes <span class=\"hps\">efficaces d\'absorption</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">dans</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">l\'intestin grêle</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">et le gros intestin</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">ré-absorbent</span> <span class=\"hps\">de manière efficace</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\"> à la fois</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'eau</span> <span class=\"hps\">et les minéraux</span> <span class=\"hps\">vers le sang</span>. <span class=\"hps\">L\'ingestion de</span> <span class=\"hps\">1 kg de</span> <span class=\"hps\">matière sèche comme</span> <span class=\"hps\">du foin ou de</span> <span class=\"hps\">la paille</span> <span class=\"hps\">nécessite</span> <span class=\"hps\">la sécrétion de</span> <span class=\"hps\">12-14</span> <span class=\"hps\">litres d\'eau</span> <span class=\"hps\">tandis que 1</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg de concentré</span> <span class=\"hps\">nécessite</span> <span class=\"hps\">seulement 7</span> <span class=\"hps\">litres</span>.</span><br /><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><br /> <strong><span class=\"hps\">Flux</span> <span class=\"hps\">de liquide</span> <span class=\"hps\">et d\'électrolytes</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans l\'intestin</span> <span class=\"hps\">du cheval </span>:</strong></span><br /><br /></p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 394px; height: 169px;\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"1\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Sécrétion</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"65%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">kg / 100 kg poids corporel / jour</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Salive</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"65%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">3 - 4</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Suc gastrique</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"65%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">1-2</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Suc pancréatique</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"65%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">6 - 10</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Bile</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"65%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">3</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Sécrétions intestinales</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"65%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">2 - 4</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Total</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"65%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">15 - 20</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p class=\"Bildtext\"><strong><br /><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Le débit quotidien</span> <span class=\"hps\">de liquide</span> <span class=\"hps\">et d\'électrolytes</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">du grêle</span> <span class=\"hps\">au gros intestin </span>:</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"Bildtext\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 581px; height: 151px;\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"1\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Ration</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Eau kg</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Sodium g</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Chlorure g</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">10 kg foin</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">110</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">360</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">190</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">5 kg foin + 3 kg concentré</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">75</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">250</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">130</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">4 kg paille + 5 kg concentré</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">85</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">280</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">145</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Dans le gros intestin</span> <span class=\"hps\">70 à 90</span><span>% d\'eau</span> <span class=\"hps\">sécrétée</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">est ré-</span><span class=\"alt-edited\">absorbée</span><span>, en fonction de</span> <span class=\"hps\">la vitesse de passage</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">du</span> <span class=\"hps\">digesta</span> <span class=\"hps\">intestinal</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">de la capacité des</span> <span class=\"hps\">parties</span> <span class=\"hps\">non digérés</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">des aliments</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">à se lier</span> <span class=\"hps\">à l\'eau.</span> <span class=\"hps\">La</span> <span class=\"hps\">perte la plus élevée</span> <span class=\"hps\">en l\'eau</span> <span class=\"hps\">par des matières fécales</span> <span class=\"hps\">se produit</span> <span class=\"hps\">sur les régimes</span> <span class=\"hps\">de</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">fourrages</span>. <span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">L\'absorption</span></span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">du sodium et du</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">chlorure</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">le caecum et le</span> <span class=\"hps\">colon</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">fournit le</span> <span class=\"hps\">potentiel osmotique</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour faciliter</span> <span class=\"hps\">la résorption</span> <span class=\"hps\">de l\'eau</span> <span class=\"hps\">-</span> <span class=\"hps\">osmose.</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">Lorsque l\'</span><span>apport alimentaire</span> <span class=\"hps\">de sel</span> <span class=\"hps\">est</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">marginal</span> <span class=\"hps\">par rapport</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">aux besoins</span><span>,</span> <span class=\"hps\">le cheval peut</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">absorber jusqu\'à</span> <span class=\"hps\">99</span><span>%</span> <span class=\"hps\">de ces minéraux</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">des fèces</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Ce sont les</span> <span class=\"hps\">reins,</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">et non pas l\'intestin</span> <span>, qui régulent</span> <span class=\"hps\">les</span> <span class=\"hps\">réserves corporelles</span> <span class=\"hps\">de minéraux</span> <span class=\"hps\">tels que sodium</span><span>, potassium</span> <span class=\"hps\">et chlorure</span><span>.</span></span><br /><br /><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Le potassium</span> <span class=\"hps\">est absorbé</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans l\'intestin grêle</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span><span>65-70</span><span>%)</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">peut être absorbé</span> <span class=\"hps\">ou</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">sécrété</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">le gros intestin</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">en fonction du</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">statut</span> <span class=\"hps\">minéral.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br /><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Le calcium est absorbé</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">la première partie de</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'intestin grêle où</span> <span class=\"hps\">le contenu</span> <span class=\"hps\">de l\'intestin</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">est acide</span>, <span class=\"hps\">tandis que</span> <span class=\"hps\">le phosphore</span> <span class=\"hps\">est absorbé</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans les parties</span> <span class=\"hps\">intermédiaires et</span> <span class=\"hps\">terminales de</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'intestin grêle.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Les deux minéraux</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont sécrétés dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">le tube digestif</span> <span class=\"hps\">par la salive</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">les sucs gastriques et intestinaux</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">L\'absorption</span> <span class=\"hps\">est contrôlée <span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">de manière homéostatique</span></span></span><span>,</span> <span class=\"hps\">et la vitamine</span> <span class=\"hps\">D</span> <span class=\"hps\">participe à</span> <span class=\"hps\">la régulation</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">de l\'absorption du calcium et du phosphore</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">L\'absorption de</span> <span class=\"hps\">ces</span> <span class=\"hps atn alt-edited\">minéraux depuis </span><span class=\"alt-edited\">le gros intestin</span> <span class=\"hps\">est négligeable</span>.</span></p>','',1,11,'2008-10-29 19:58:55',62,'','2015-07-28 18:27:14',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-10-29 19:58:55','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,8,'','',1,1869,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3425,4087,'Protéines','protein-digestion-fr','<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">La</span> <span class=\"hps\">digestion des protéines</span> <span class=\"hps\">commence</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans l\'estomac,</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">se poursuit</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans l\'intestin</span> <span class=\"hps\">par les enzymes</span> <span class=\"hps\">pancréatiques.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Les protéines</span> <span class=\"hps\">doivent être</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">réduites</span> <span class=\"hps\">à leurs</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">éléments de base,</span> <span class=\"hps\">les</span> <span class=\"hps\">acides aminés</span><span>,</span> <span class=\"hps\">avant qu\'ils puissent être</span> <span class=\"hps\">absorbés et utilisés</span><span>.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Lorsque le</span> <span class=\"hps\">digesta</span> <span class=\"hps\">arrive à la fin</span> <span class=\"hps\">de l\'intestin grêle</span> <span class=\"hps\">environ</span> <span class=\"hps\">2/3</span> <span class=\"hps\">de la protéine</span> <span class=\"hps\">digestible</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">des</span> <span class=\"hps\">grains</span> <span class=\"hps\">et des</span> <span class=\"hps\">suppléments en protéines</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">auront été</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">absorbés</span> <span class=\"hps\">par rapport à seulement</span> <span class=\"hps\">un tiers</span> <span class=\"hps\">de celle des</span> <span class=\"hps\">fibres.</span> <span class=\"hps\">En plus de</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'azote</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">alimentaire</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">non digéré</span><span>, le contenu de</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'iléon</span> <span class=\"hps\">contient</span> <span class=\"hps\">également de l\'azote</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'origine</span> <span class=\"hps\">endogène</span><span>, à savoir</span> <span class=\"hps\">de l\'azote</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui est dérivé de</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'urée sanguine</span><span>,</span> <span class=\"hps\">sécrétée</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">le</span> <span class=\"hps\">tube digestif,</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">à partir de cellules</span> é<span class=\"hps\">pithéliales</span> <span class=\"hps\">desquamées</span>.</span></span><br /><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"The bacteria require nitrogenous compounds for the production of amino acids which are integral components of their enzymes and structural proteins.\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"The bacteria require nitrogenous compounds for the production of amino acids which are integral components of their enzymes and structural proteins.\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Les bactéries</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui peuplent</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">le </span><span class=\"alt-edited\">gros intestin</span> <span class=\"hps\">ont</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">une durée de vie courte</span>, <span class=\"hps\">seulement quelques heures</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Toutes les bactéries</span> <span class=\"hps\">et les protozoaires</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont continuellement</span> <span class=\"hps\">transportés</span> <span class=\"hps\">avec le</span> <span class=\"hps\">digesta</span> <span class=\"hps\">vers l\'anus</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Seules les </span> <span class=\"hps\">bactéries</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">ayant un taux</span> <span class=\"hps\">élevé de</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">multiplication (</span><span>ou</span> <span class=\"hps\">mécanismes</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour la fixation à</span> <span class=\"hps\">la paroi intestinale</span><span>)</span> <span class=\"hps\">seront donc</span> <span class=\"hps\">en mesure de vivre</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le gros intestin</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour des périodes de</span> <span class=\"hps\">temps prolongées</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Les</span> <span class=\"hps\">bactéries ont besoin</span> <span class=\"hps\">de composés</span> <span class=\"hps\">azotés</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour la production</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'acides aminés qui</span> <span class=\"hps\">font partie intégrante de</span> <span class=\"hps\">leurs</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">enzymes et</span> <span class=\"hps\">protéines structurales</span>.</span> </span><span title=\"As a consequence of their ability to synthesise amino acids from ammonia, bacteria significantly change the amino acid composition of the digesta (table 8)\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Les </span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">composés contenant de l\'azote</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui entrent dans le</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">gros intestin</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">seront découpés</span> <span class=\"hps\">par les enzymes</span> <span class=\"hps\">microbiennes</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">en acides aminés</span> <span class=\"hps\">ou</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">encore dégradés</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">en ammoniac</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Acides aminés et</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">ammoniac</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont utilisés par</span> <span class=\"hps\">les mêmes types de</span> <span class=\"hps\">bactéries dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">la production de protéines</span> <span class=\"hps\">bactériennes.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Contrairement aux</span> <span class=\"hps\">ruminants</span><span class=\"alt-edited\">, les chevaux ne sont</span> <span class=\"hps\">pas</span> <span class=\"hps\">en mesure d\'utiliser</span> <span class=\"hps\">des protéines bactériennes</span><span>, étant donné que</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'absorption</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'acides aminés dans</span> <span class=\"hps atn alt-edited\">le </span><span class=\"alt-edited\">gros intestin</span>, <span class=\"hps\">où se trouvent ces</span> <span class=\"hps\">acides aminés</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">microbiens</span>, <span class=\"hps\">est négligeable.</span> <span class=\"hps\">L\'ammoniac</span> <span class=\"hps\">formé à partir de</span> <span class=\"hps\">protéines microbiennes</span> <span class=\"hps\">est</span> <span class=\"hps\">toutefois</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">recyclé dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'intestin</span> <span class=\"hps\">sous forme d\'urée</span>, <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">peut</span> <span class=\"hps\">fournir</span> <span class=\"hps\">une source d\'azote</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">importante</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">aux </span> <span class=\"hps\">chevaux</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui sont</span> <span class=\"hps\">nourris avec des aliments</span> <span class=\"hps\">à faible teneur en</span> <span class=\"hps\">azote</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Du fait de</span> <span class=\"hps\">leur capacité à</span> <span class=\"hps\">synthétiser des</span> <span class=\"hps\">acides aminés</span> <span class=\"hps\">à partir de</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'ammoniac</span><span>, les bactéries</span> <span class=\"hps\">changent de manière significative</span> <span class=\"hps\">la</span> <span class=\"hps\">composition</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">en acides aminés</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">du</span> <span class=\"hps\">digesta</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span><span>tableau</span> <span class=\"hps\">8</span>)</span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<br /><strong><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Teneur en acides aminés</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans l\'alimentation</span>, le contenu <span class=\"hps\">du caecum</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans</span> les <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">microorganismes</span> <span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">du </span><span class=\"hps\">caecum</span> </span><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\">des</span> <span class=\"hps\">chevaux</span>.</span></strong><br />Concentrations chaque acide aminé données en % du total des acides aminés (concentrations molaires) :</p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 602px; height: 186px;\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"1\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"37%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Acide aminé</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">aliment</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">Contenu Caecal</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"20%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Bacterie</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"37%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Lysine</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">3.13</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">5.82</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"20%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">7.06</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"37%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Thréonine</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">4.28</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">5.37</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"20%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">6.70</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"37%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Isoleucine</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">3.84</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">4.61</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"20%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">5.49</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"37%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Méthionine</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">1.37</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">1.43</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"20%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">1.72</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"37%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Alanine</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">8.47</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">13.60</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"20%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">10.70</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p class=\"Fetstilsvart\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p class=\"Fetstilsvart\">&nbsp;</p>','',1,11,'2008-10-29 19:57:14',62,'','2015-07-27 13:03:04',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-10-29 19:57:14','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',10,12,'','',1,1769,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3426,4088,'Le système digestif','the-digestive-system-of-the-horse-fr','<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-10-foal.jpg\" alt=\"00-10-foal\" height=\"100\" width=\"150\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Le cheval</span> <span class=\"hps\">est un animal</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">mono</span>-<span class=\"hps alt-edited\">gastrique</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui partage</span> <span class=\"hps\">avec les</span> <span class=\"hps\">ruminants</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span>bovins, ovins et <span class=\"hps\">cerfs</span>) <span class=\"hps\">la capacité</span> <span class=\"hps\">à digérer</span> <span class=\"hps\">les matières végétales</span> <span class=\"hps\">fibreuses</span>. <span class=\"hps\">L\'estomac</span> <span class=\"hps\">est petit</span>, <span class=\"hps\">et la chambre</span> <span class=\"hps\">de fermentation</span> <span class=\"hps\">est</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">dans le gros intestin</span> . <span class=\"hps\">Le cheval</span> <span class=\"hps\">est ainsi</span> <span class=\"hps\">classé comme</span> <span class=\"hps\">un fermenteur</span> du <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">gros intestin</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Certaines informations de base</span> <span class=\"hps\">sur la physiologie</span> <span class=\"hps\">du système digestif</span> <span class=\"hps\">équin</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">sont données</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le</span> <span class=\"hps\">tableau ci-dessous</span>.</span><br /><br /><strong><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Longueur, le volume</span> <span class=\"hps\">et le temps de</span> <span class=\"hps\">passage</span> <span class=\"hps\">à travers</span> <span class=\"hps\">les différentes parties du</span> <span class=\"hps\">tube digestif</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'un cheval</span> <span class=\"hps\">de</span> <span class=\"hps\">500</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg</span></span></strong></p>\r\n<center>\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\" align=\"left\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"1\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p align=\"left\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">Longueur en mètres</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">Capacité maximale en litres</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"24%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">temps de passage</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">Pharynyx</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">Up to 1.5</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\">\r\n<p align=\"left\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"24%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">10 - 15 secondes</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">Estomac</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">-----</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">18*</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"24%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">1 - 5 heures</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">Petit intestin</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">16 - 24</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">64</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"24%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">1.5 heures</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">Caecum</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">1</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">34</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"24%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">7 - 15 heures</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">Côlon</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">6 - 8</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">96</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"24%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">8 - 16 heures</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">Rectum</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">0.2 - 0.3</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">---</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"24%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">1 - 2 heures</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td height=\"20\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">TOTAL</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td height=\"20\" valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">---</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td height=\"20\" valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">---</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td height=\"20\" valign=\"top\" width=\"24%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">20 - 30 heures</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n</center>\r\n<p><span class=\"Bildtext\">*Volume normal environ 1/3 de la capacité maximale<br /></span></p>','',1,11,'2008-10-29 19:44:03',62,'','2015-07-26 15:15:13',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-10-29 19:44:03','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',15,20,'','',1,1838,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3427,4089,'Cavité buccale','mouth-cavity-fr','<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Le cheval</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">a des lèvres</span> <span class=\"hps\">fortes</span>, <span class=\"hps\">sensibles</span> <span class=\"hps\">et très</span> <span class=\"hps\">mobiles</span>. <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">L\'herbe et</span> <span class=\"hps\">autre végétation</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">sont coupées</span> <span class=\"hps\">en utilisant les</span> <span class=\"hps\">dents de devant</span><span>,</span> <span class=\"hps\">et les lèvres</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">la langue</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">sont utilisées pour recueillir</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">et ingérer</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">les aliments</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Les chevaux sont des</span> <span class=\"hps\">brouteurs</span> <span class=\"hps\">hautement sélectifs</span> <span class=\"hps\">et peuvent</span> <span class=\"hps\">efficacement</span> <span class=\"hps\">éviter</span> les <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">herbes</span> au <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">goût désagréable</span> <span class=\"hps\">ou</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">indigestes.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">La nourriture ingérée</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">est broyée</span> <span class=\"hps\">entre les</span> <span class=\"hps\">grandes</span> <span class=\"hps\">surfaces émaillées</span> <span class=\"hps\">des dents</span> <span class=\"hps\">de la joue</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span><span class=\"hps\">prémolaires et molaires</span><span>)</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Les chevaux</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">mâchent</span> <span class=\"hps\">sur</span> <span class=\"hps\">un côté de la</span> <span class=\"hps\">bouche</span> <span class=\"hps\">à la fois ;</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">les chevaux de grande taille</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">mastiquent</span> <span class=\"hps\">60-80</span> <span class=\"hps\">fois par minute</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Le temps</span> <span class=\"hps\">passé à manger</span> <span class=\"hps\">varie</span> <span class=\"hps\">considérablement en fonction de</span> <span class=\"hps\">la structure</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">des aliments</span><span>. </span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Poneys</span> <span class=\"hps\">prennent généralement</span> <span class=\"hps\">plus de temps</span> <span class=\"hps\">à consommer</span> <span class=\"hps\">leur nourriture</span> <span class=\"hps\">que les grands</span> <span class=\"hps\">chevaux.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Le temps nécessaire pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">consommer</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">1 kg</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'avoine ou</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">de concentrés granulés</span> <span class=\"hps\">est d\'environ 10</span> <span class=\"hps\">min</span> <span class=\"hps\">et 1 kg</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">foin </span> <span class=\"hps\">est habituellement</span> <span class=\"hps\">consommé en</span> <span class=\"hps\">40-50</span> <span class=\"hps\">min.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Cependant, il existe</span> <span class=\"hps\">une grande</span> <span class=\"hps\">variation</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">entre chaque cheval.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Le tableau 2</span> <span class=\"hps\">donne des estimations</span> <span class=\"hps\">de consommation</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour les rations</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">ayant</span> <span class=\"hps\">des différentes proportions </span><span class=\"hps\">de céréales et de</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">fourrages</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Si</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">les rations</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">sont consommées</span> <span class=\"hps\">trop rapidement</span><span class=\"alt-edited\">, de mauvaises habitudes</span> <span class=\"hps\">telles que</span> <span class=\"hps\">léchage excessif</span>, <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">tics aérophagiques</span>, <span class=\"hps\">et manger</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">des excréments</span> <span class=\"hps\">peuvent se développer.</span></span><br /></span></span></p>\r\n<p><br /><strong>Temps de consommation de différentes rations (min/kg d\'aliment)</strong>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 429px; height: 375px;\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"1\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"48%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Type d\'aliment</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Grands Chevaux</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Poneys</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"48%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Foin</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">40</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">80</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"48%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Paille</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">40 - 60</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">100</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"48%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Avoine, entière ou concassée</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">10</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">40</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"48%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Concentrés (pas en granulés)</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">20</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">30</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"48%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Concentrés en granulés</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">10</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">40</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Il est</span> <span class=\"hps\">souvent recommandé</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">que les chevaux soient</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">nourris avec au moins</span> <span class=\"hps\">0,5 kg de</span> <span class=\"hps\">matière sèche</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">de fourrage</span> <span class=\"hps\">(foin,</span> <span class=\"hps\">ensilage</span> <span class=\"hps\">ou</span> <span class=\"hps\">paille</span><span>)</span> <span class=\"hps\">par 100 kg</span> <span class=\"hps\">de poids corporel</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Une alimentation normale</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">contient généralement</span> <span class=\"hps\">plus de fourrage</span> <span class=\"hps\">que</span> <span class=\"hps\">ce montant</span> <span class=\"hps\">minimal.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Le processus de</span> <span class=\"hps\">mastication</span> <span class=\"hps\">broie</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">l\'aliment</span> <span class=\"hps\">entre</span> <span class=\"hps\">les molaires</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans les mâchoires</span> <span class=\"hps\">supérieure et inférieure,</span> <span class=\"hps\">et réduit</span> <span class=\"hps\">la taille des particules</span> <span class=\"hps\">à environ</span> <span class=\"hps\">2</span> <span class=\"hps\">mm de diamètre et</span> <span class=\"hps\">de 1 à 4</span> <span class=\"hps\">mm de longueur.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Les jeunes</span> <span class=\"hps\">graminées</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont plus</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">juteuses et</span> <span class=\"hps\">peuvent</span> <span class=\"hps\">être avalés</span> <span class=\"hps\">avant que la taille</span> <span class=\"hps\">des particules</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">n\'ait été</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">réduite</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">à ce point.</span><span></span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Un broyage</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">minutieux</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">des parties</span> <span class=\"hps\">fibreuses de</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'alimentation</span> <span class=\"hps\">est nécessaire pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">assurer</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">le </span> <span class=\"hps\">passage</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">du </span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">digesta</span> <span class=\"hps\">à travers</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">le </span> <span class=\"hps\">tube digestif</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Les fourrages</span> <span class=\"hps\">hachés</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">ayant</span> <span class=\"hps\">une longueur</span> <span class=\"hps\">de particules</span> <span class=\"hps\">de moins de 2</span> <span class=\"hps\">cm</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">ne peuvent</span> <span class=\"hps\">pas être mâchés</span> <span class=\"hps\">suffisamment</span><span>, ce qui peut</span> <span class=\"hps\">provoquer des coliques</span><span>.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Pour un cheval</span> <span class=\"hps\">avec des dents</span> <span class=\"hps\">normales, il</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">n\'y a</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">généralement pas de problème de mastication </span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">des grains</span> <span class=\"hps\">ou</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">des concentrés granulés.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Il est recommandé</span> <span class=\"hps\">que les dents</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">soient inspectées et</span> <span class=\"hps\">si nécessaire</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">râpées</span> <span class=\"hps\">deux fois par an</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour éviter</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">des bords saillants</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui peuvent</span> <span class=\"hps\">meurtrir</span> <span class=\"hps\">ou couper</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'épithélium</span> <span class=\"hps\">des joues</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span><span>mâchoire supérieure</span><span>) ou</span> <span class=\"hps\">la langue</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span><span>mâchoire inférieure</span><span>)</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Les jeunes chevaux</span> <span class=\"hps\">peuvent</span> <span class=\"hps\">régulièrement</span> <span class=\"hps\">rencontrer des problèmes</span> <span class=\"hps\">avec</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">la mastication</span> <span class=\"hps\">quand les dents</span> <span class=\"hps\">de lait</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">ont été perdues et</span> <span class=\"hps\">les dents permanentes</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">sortent</span>. <span class=\"hps alt-edited\"> De mauvaises</span> <span class=\"hps\">dents</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">entraînent</span> une <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">réduction de la consommation</span><span class=\"alt-edited\">, des temps</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">mastication</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">et de la digestion</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Les</span> <span class=\"hps\">périodes</span> <span class=\"hps\">de pertes ou de sorties des dents</span> <span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps alt-edited\"></span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">sont indiquées</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le Tableau</span> <span class=\"hps\">3</span><span>.</span></span><br /><br /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Age auquel les dents sont perdues ou sortent chez le cheval </strong><strong>:</strong></p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 477px;\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"1\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Dent</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Changement</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"41%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Type</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">I1</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">2 ½ ans</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"41%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Devant</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">I2</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">3 ½ ans</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"41%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Devant</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">I3</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">4 ½ ans</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"41%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Devant</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">p1</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">2 ½ ans</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"41%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Prémolaire</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">p2</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">2 ½ ans</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"41%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Prémolaire</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">M1</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">6 - 9 mois</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"41%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Molaire</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">M2</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">2 - 2 ½ ans</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"41%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Molaire</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">M3</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">3 ½ - 4 ½ ans</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"41%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Molaire</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Prémolaires (P) et molaires (M) <span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">sont les dents</span> <span class=\"hps\">de la joue</span> <span class=\"hps\">du cheval</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">les</span> <span class=\"hps\">dents</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui doivent être</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">râpées</span></span>. Incisives (I) sont les dents de devant.<br /></em></p>','',1,11,'2008-10-29 19:27:48',62,'','2015-07-29 14:16:57',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-10-29 19:27:48','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',8,46,'','',1,1866,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3428,4090,'Glucides','carbohydrates-in-the-horse-fr','<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><strong><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Digestion des</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">hydrates de carbone (</span>sucres, l\'amidon, la cellulose et <span class=\"hps\">autres fibres</span>)</strong> <span class=\"hps\">-</span> Les sucres s<span class=\"hps\">olubles</span> <span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\">sont décomposés et</span> <span class=\"hps\">absorbés</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans l\'intestin grêle</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Les monosaccharides</span> <span class=\"hps\">tels que le glucose</span> <span class=\"hps\">et le fructose</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont</span> <span class=\"hps\">absorbés</span> <span class=\"hps\">directement</span> <span class=\"hps\">par</span> les <span class=\"hps\">cellules intestinales.</span> Les <span class=\"hps\">disaccharides</span> <span class=\"hps\">et l\'amidon</span> <span class=\"hps\">seront</span> <span class=\"hps\">hydrolysés par</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">des</span> <span class=\"hps\">enzymes dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'intestin grêle</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span><span>amylase et</span> <span class=\"hps\">diverses</span> <span class=\"hps\">disaccharidases</span><span>)</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">avant absorption</span>. <span class=\"hps\">L\'intestin grêle</span> <span class=\"hps\">a une grande</span> <span class=\"hps\">capacité d\'absorption des</span> <span class=\"hps\">sucres simples et</span> de <span class=\"hps\">l\'amidon.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">La coupure</span> <span class=\"hps\">des glucides alimentaires</span> <span class=\"hps\">communs</span> <span class=\"hps\">conduit à</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">des monosaccharides</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui peuvent être absorbés</span> <span class=\"hps\">(glucose,</span> <span class=\"hps\">fructose et galactose</span><span>) selon</span> <span class=\"hps\">le schéma général suivant </span><span>:</span></span></p>\r\n<p><br />Sucre (S<span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">accharose</span></span>) -&gt; glucose + fructose<br />Sucre du lait (Lactose) -&gt; glucose + galactose<br />Maltose -&gt; glucose<br />Amidon -&gt; maltose -&gt; glucose</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Les jeunes</span> <span class=\"hps\">poulains</span> <span class=\"hps\">ne peuvent pas digérer le</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">saccharose</span> <span class=\"hps\">en grandes quantités</span> <span class=\"hps\">jusqu\'à</span> <span class=\"hps\">environ 7</span> <span class=\"hps\">mois d\'âge</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Le lactose,</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui est le</span> <span class=\"hps\">sucre</span> <span class=\"hps\">naturel</span> <span class=\"hps\">du lait,</span> <span class=\"hps\">est bien</span> <span class=\"hps\">digéré</span> <span class=\"hps\">jusqu\'au sevrage</span><span>, puis</span> <span class=\"hps\">la</span> <span class=\"hps\">production</span> <span class=\"hps\">de l\'enzyme</span> <span class=\"hps\">lactase</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui est requise pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">le</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">découpage du</span> <span class=\"hps\">lactose</span> <span class=\"hps\">est progressivement réduite</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">A 2</span> <span class=\"hps\">ans</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'activité</span> <span class=\"hps\">est si faible</span> <span class=\"hps\">que de grandes</span> <span class=\"hps\">quantités de lait</span> <span class=\"hps\">ne doivent pas</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">être amenées</span>. <span class=\"hps\">De petites quantités</span> <span class=\"hps\">de lactose</span> <span class=\"hps\">peuvent néanmoins être</span> <span class=\"hps\">amenés à</span> d<span class=\"hps\">es chevaux adultes</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Il passera</span> <span class=\"hps\">inchangé</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">au </span><span class=\"alt-edited\">gros intestin</span>, <span class=\"hps\">où il</span> <span class=\"hps\">sera une source</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'énergie pour les</span> <span class=\"hps\">microbes</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Des quantités plus importantes</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">bouleverseront</span> <span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">invariablement</span> </span><span class=\"hps\">la digestion et</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">pourraient</span> <span class=\"hps\">entraîner des diarrhées</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Une grande partie</span> <span class=\"hps\">de l\'amidon</span> <span class=\"hps\">sera décomposée</span> <span class=\"hps\">en glucose</span> <span class=\"hps\">par les enzymes</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans l\'intestin grêle</span> <span class=\"hps\">et absorbé</span><span>.</span> Des v<span class=\"hps\">ariations</span> <span class=\"hps\">existent</span> <span class=\"hps\">cependant,</span> <span class=\"hps\">selon le type</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'amidon</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">et les quantités</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">distribuées</span> <span class=\"hps\">par repas</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Plus de 95%</span> <span class=\"hps\">de l\'amidon de</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">l\'avoine et de l\'</span><span>orge</span> <span class=\"hps\">est absorbé</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans l\'intestin grêle</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">environ</span> <span class=\"hps\">80</span><span>% de l\'amidon</span> <span class=\"hps\">de</span> <span class=\"hps\">maïs</span><span>.</span> La f<span class=\"hps alt-edited\">écule de pommes de terre</span> <span class=\"hps\">est beaucoup moins</span> <span class=\"hps\">digeste et</span> <span class=\"hps\">sera transportée</span> <span class=\"hps\">en quantités importantes</span> <span class=\"hps atn alt-edited\">au </span><span class=\"alt-edited\">gros intestin</span> <span class=\"hps\">où elle y sera</span><span class=\"hps\"> fermentée</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Lorsque</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">de gros repas</span> <span class=\"hps\">de concentrés</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">sont amenés</span>, <span class=\"hps\">d\'importantes quantités</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'amidon</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">atteignent le </span><span class=\"alt-edited\">gros intestin</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">subissent une fermentation</span>. <span class=\"hps atn\">L\'</span><span>énergie est absorbée</span> <span class=\"hps\">sous forme d\'acides</span> <span class=\"hps\">gras</span> <span class=\"hps\">à chaîne courte</span><span>, mais seulement après</span> <span class=\"hps\">qu\'une partie substantielle de</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">l\'énergie soit</span> <span class=\"hps\">perdue sous forme de</span> <span class=\"hps\">gaz</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">comme nourriture des</span> <span class=\"hps\">micro-organismes</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Le cheval</span> <span class=\"hps\">ne produit pas</span> <span class=\"hps\">les enzymes qui</span> <span class=\"hps\">peuvent briser</span> les composés <span class=\"hps\">complexes,</span> <span class=\"hps\">appelées</span> <span class=\"hps\">glucides</span> <span class=\"hps\">végétaux</span> <span class=\"hps\">structurels telles que</span> <span class=\"hps\">la cellulose,</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'hémicellulose</span><span>,</span> <span class=\"hps\">pectines</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">pentosanes</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Ces composés</span> <span class=\"hps\">passent à travers</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'intestin grêle,</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">seront d\'abord</span> <span class=\"hps\">digérés</span> <span class=\"hps\">par les microbes</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">gros intestin</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Les</span> <span class=\"hps\">produits finaux de</span> <span class=\"hps\">cette</span> <span class=\"hps\">fermentation</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont les acides</span> <span class=\"hps\">gras à chaîne courte</span><span>:</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Acide acétique (C2) Acide propionique (C3), Acide lactique (C3, généralement formé en plus petites quantités) Acide butyrique (C4).<br /><br /><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Lorsque</span> <span class=\"hps\">le régime alimentaire</span> <span class=\"hps\">contient peu ou pas</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">concentrés</span><span>, l\'acide</span> <span class=\"hps\">acétique</span> <span class=\"hps\">représentera</span> <span class=\"hps\">une grande partie de</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'énergie</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui est absorbée</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">depuis l\'intestin</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">L\'acide butyrique</span> <span class=\"hps\">sera également utilisé</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le métabolisme énergétique</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">pour produire</span> <span class=\"hps\">des graisses</span> <span class=\"hps\">tissulaires.</span> <span class=\"hps\">En plus de ces</span> <span class=\"hps\">utilisations</span><span>, l\'acide propionique</span> <span class=\"hps\">est métabolisée</span> <span class=\"hps\">en glucose et</span> <span class=\"hps\">fournit</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">une composante importante du</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">glucose sanguin</span> <span class=\"hps\">des chevaux.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Les concentrations des</span> <span class=\"hps\">acides gras</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">à courte chaîne</span> <span class=\"hps\">varient selon</span> <span class=\"hps\">les</span> <span class=\"hps\">types</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'alimentation et</span> <span class=\"hps\">le</span> <span class=\"hps\">temps</span> <span class=\"hps\">après le repas.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le ratio entre</span> <span class=\"hps\">la concentration de</span> <span class=\"hps\">ces acides dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">le caecum</span> <span class=\"hps\">varie</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'une manière</span> <span class=\"hps\">telle que</span> <span class=\"hps\">les régimes riches en</span> <span class=\"hps\">fourrages </span><span class=\"hps\">donneront une</span> <span class=\"hps\">forte concentration</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'acétate</span> <span class=\"hps\">par rapport au</span> <span class=\"hps\">propionate</span><span>, tandis que</span> <span class=\"hps\">les régimes riches en</span> <span class=\"hps\">céréales</span> <span class=\"hps\">favoriseront la production</span> <span class=\"hps\">de propionate</span> <span class=\"hps\">sur</span> l\'<span class=\"hps\">acétate.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Dans le côlon</span> <span class=\"hps\">le rapport entre les</span> <span class=\"hps\">acides</span> <span class=\"hps\">est</span> <span class=\"hps\">moins</span> <span class=\"hps\">influencé par le type</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'aliments</span> <span class=\"hps\">donné.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Les acides</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui sont produits</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">abaissent le pH</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">du contenu du</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">gros intestin</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Un</span> <span class=\"hps\">pH dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">une plage comprise entre</span> <span class=\"hps\">6,6 et 7,5</span> <span class=\"hps\">est maintenu par</span> <span class=\"hps\">les</span> <span class=\"hps\">nombreuses glandes</span> <span class=\"hps\">de</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">toutes les parois</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">du gros intestin</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui sécrètent</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">un</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">liquide <span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">riche </span>en</span></span> <span class=\"hps\">bicarbonate <span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps atn\">(</span><span class=\"alt-edited\">alcalin</span>)</span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Un régime</span> <span class=\"hps\">avec peu de</span> <span class=\"hps\">fourrage</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">une grande proportion de</span> <span class=\"hps\">concentrés</span> <span class=\"hps\">peut</span> <span class=\"hps\">fermenter</span> <span class=\"hps\">trop rapidement</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">produisant de l\'acide</span> <span class=\"hps\">lactique et</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">provoquant une descente</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">du pH dans</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">le </span><span class=\"alt-edited\">gros intestin</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">en dessous de</span> <span class=\"hps\">la normale</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">(l\'acide lactique</span> <span class=\"hps\">est plus acide que</span> <span class=\"hps\">le propionate</span><span>,</span> l\'<span class=\"hps\">acétate et le</span> <span class=\"hps\">butyrate</span><span>)</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Un</span> <span class=\"hps\">faible pH</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">gros intestin</span> <span class=\"hps\">peut être préjudiciable</span> <span class=\"hps\">aux microbes</span> <span class=\"hps\">digérant les fibres</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui sont</span> <span class=\"hps\">moins tolérants</span> <span class=\"hps\">à un pH</span> <span class=\"hps\">plus bas que</span> <span class=\"hps\">les</span> <span class=\"hps\">espèces</span> <span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">digérant</span></span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">l\'amidon</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Dans de telles situations</span><span>, la formation</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">de gaz est augmentée</span><span>, provoquant une accumulation</span> <span class=\"hps\">de gaz</span> <span class=\"hps\">et éventuellement</span> des <span class=\"hps\">coliques.</span></span><br /><br /><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Les régimes</span> <span class=\"hps\">contenant</span> <span class=\"hps\">des</span> <span class=\"hps\">fourrages de</span> mauvaise <span class=\"hps\">qualité avec une</span> <span class=\"hps\">faible teneur en azote</span> <span class=\"hps\">peuvent</span> <span class=\"hps\">affamer les</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">microorganismes</span> <span class=\"hps\">à un point tel</span> <span class=\"hps\">que cela peut entrainer une faible</span> <span class=\"hps\">efficacité de la digestion</span>. Les r<span class=\"hps\">ations</span> <span class=\"hps\">mixtes avec</span> <span class=\"hps\">quelques</span> <span class=\"hps\">matières amylacées</span> <span class=\"hps\">bénéficient donc</span> <span class=\"hps\">également</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">à la digestion des fibres</span> <span class=\"hps\">en fournissant une source</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'énergie facilement</span> <span class=\"hps\">disponible pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">les</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">microorganismes</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Ratio entre</span> <span class=\"hps\">les acides</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">gras à courte chaîne</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">le caecum</span> <span class=\"hps\">et le colon</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'animaux</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">recevant une ration</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">avec des ratios différents de fourrages et concentrés</span> <span>:</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 599px; height: 238px;\" border=\"1\">\r\n<tbody style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Foin: Concentrés</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Acétique%</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Propionique%</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Butyrique%</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" colspan=\"4\">Caecum</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">1:0</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">76.2</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">14.8</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">8.0</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">3:2</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">70.4</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">21.2</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">7.2</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">1:4</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">61.2</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">26.0</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">10.2</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" colspan=\"4\">Côlon</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">1:0</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">69.5</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">16.2</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">7.6</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">3:2</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">68.2</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">15.0</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">8.8</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">1:4</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">67.0</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">17.0</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">9.0</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>','',1,11,'2008-09-09 10:15:04',62,'','2015-07-27 09:11:24',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-09 10:15:04','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',9,50,'','',1,1788,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3429,4091,'Fats','fats-in-the-horse-fr','<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Les lipides sont</span> <span class=\"hps\">presque</span> <span class=\"hps\">complètement</span> <span class=\"hps\">utilisés</span> <span class=\"hps\">car ils sont généralement&nbsp;<span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">digestibles</span></span></span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">à plus de 90%</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Acides</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">gras et glycérol</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont essentiellement</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">absorbés</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le jéjunum</span> <span class=\"hps\">et l\'iléon</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Lorsque de grandes</span> <span class=\"hps\">concentrations</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">de lipides</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont incluses dans le</span> <span class=\"hps\">régime alimentaire</span><span>, par exemple pour</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">les</span> <span class=\"hps\">chevaux utilisés</span> <span class=\"hps\">sur les longues distances</span><span class=\"hps\">,</span> <span class=\"hps\">il est important de</span> <span class=\"hps\">limiter</span> <span class=\"hps\">les</span> <span class=\"hps\">quantités</span> <span class=\"hps\">de telle sorte que</span> <span class=\"hps\">la</span> <span class=\"hps\">capacité digestive</span> <span class=\"hps\">de l\'intestin grêle</span> <span class=\"hps\">ne soit pas dépassée</span>, <span class=\"hps\">car les acides</span> <span class=\"hps\">gras</span> <span class=\"hps\">à longue chaîne</span> <span class=\"hps\">(C16</span>, <span class=\"hps\">C18</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">au-dessus</span>) <span class=\"hps\">ne sont pas absorbés</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">dans le gros intestin</span>. <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Les lipides excédentaires</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">qui sont transférés vers</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">le gros intestin </span> <span class=\"hps\">peuvent réduire</span> <span class=\"hps\">la digestion des</span> <span class=\"hps\">glucides</span> <span class=\"hps\">pariétaux (fibres).</span> <span class=\"hps\">Il est donc fortement</span> <span class=\"hps\">recommandé</span> <span class=\"hps\">de diviser</span> <span class=\"hps\">de grandes quantités de</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">matières grasses (</span>huiles végétales <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">à raison</span> <span class=\"hps\">de 0,5</span> <span class=\"hps\">litre ou plus</span> <span class=\"hps\">par jour</span>) <span class=\"hps\">sur plusieurs</span> <span class=\"hps\">repas pendant la journée</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br /><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Les glucides</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont fermentés</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">par les microorganismes</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">en</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">acides</span> <span class=\"hps\">gras à chaîne courte</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui sont</span> <span class=\"hps\">ensuite absorbés</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le caecum</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">et le côlon</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Les lipides ne peuvent</span> <span class=\"hps\">pas</span> <span class=\"hps\">former du glucose</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le corps</span> <span class=\"hps\">du cheval,</span> <span class=\"hps\">mais</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">doivent être</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">utilisés</span> <span class=\"hps\">directement</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">comme source d\'</span><span>énergie</span> <span class=\"hps\">ou</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">temporairement stockés dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">les</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">dépôts adipeux</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour une utilisation ultérieure</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Puisque</span> <span class=\"hps\">les graisses</span> <span class=\"hps\">ne sont pas</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">transformées en</span> <span class=\"hps\">glucides</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">et stockées</span> <span class=\"hps\">sous forme de glycogène</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans les muscles</span><span class=\"alt-edited\">, elles sont bénéfiques</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour les chevaux</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">sujets</span> <span class=\"hps\">à la myoglobinurie</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">et</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">une</span> <span class=\"hps\">plus grande proportion de</span> <span class=\"hps\">leurs besoins en énergie</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">via les lipides sera profitable</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">La myoglobinurie</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">et certains</span> <span class=\"hps\">autres</span> <span class=\"hps\">problèmes musculaires</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont liés</span> <span class=\"hps\">à l\'accumulation d\'important</span><span class=\"hps\">s dépôts de</span> <span class=\"hps\">glycogène dans les muscles</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">En particulier</span><span>, les chevaux</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui reçoivent</span> <span class=\"hps\">de grandes quantités de</span> <span class=\"hps\">céréales</span> <span class=\"hps\">ou de&nbsp;</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">concentrés du commerce</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont</span> <span class=\"hps\">susceptibles de contracter</span> <span class=\"hps\">une myoglobinurie</span> <span class=\"hps\">lorsque les niveaux</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'exercice sont</span> <span class=\"hps\">réduits pendant plusieurs</span> <span class=\"hps\">jours consécutifs</span> <span class=\"hps\">sans restriction de</span> <span class=\"hps\">leur consommation</span>.</span></p>','',1,11,'2008-09-09 10:14:01',62,'','2015-07-28 17:16:03',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-09 10:14:01','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,63,'','',1,1702,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3430,4092,'Autres éléments traces','other-trace-minerals-2','<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Autres oligo-éléments</span><span class=\"alt-edited\"> :</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">le <strong>molybdène</strong> (Mo</span><span>)</span><span>, le <strong>chrome</strong></span> <span class=\"hps\">(Cr)</span><span>, le<strong> nickel</strong></span> <span class=\"hps\">(Ni)</span><span>, l\'<strong>étain</strong></span> <span class=\"hps\">(Sn)</span><span>, le <strong>vanadium</strong></span> <span class=\"hps\">(V)</span><span>, le <strong>fluor</strong></span> <span class=\"hps\">(F)</span><span>, le <strong>silicium</strong></span> <span class=\"hps\">(Si)</span> <span class=\"hps\">et l\'<strong>arsenic</strong></span> <span class=\"hps\">(As)</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont également reconnus comme</span> <span class=\"hps\">étant</span> <span class=\"hps\">des minéraux essentiels</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Cependant</span><span>,</span> <span class=\"hps\">les</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">exigences pour ces</span> <span class=\"hps\">minéraux</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">n\'ont pas été correctement</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">déterminées</span><span class=\"alt-edited\">, et ils</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">ne sont donc pas</span> <span class=\"hps\">inclus dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">le programme</span> <span class=\"hps\">PC</span><span class=\"atn\">-</span><span class=\"alt-edited\">Horse</span><span>.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Le<strong> silicium</strong> est le</span> <span class=\"hps\">deuxième</span> <span class=\"hps\">élément le plus</span> <span class=\"hps\">abondant dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">la couche superficielle</span> <span class=\"hps\">de la croûte terrestre</span>, <span class=\"hps\">mais on en sait peu</span> <span class=\"hps\">en ce qui concerne</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">les <span style=\"color: #333333;\">effets</span></span> <span class=\"hps\">sur les mammifères</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Le silicium est</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">essentiel</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">la</span> <span class=\"hps\">construction</span> <span class=\"hps\">de l\'os</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">est un composant majeur</span> <span class=\"hps\">du tissu conjonctif,</span> <span class=\"hps\">du cartilage</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span class=\"hps\">de l\'acide hyaluronique</span></span>. <span class=\"hps\">La silice</span> <span class=\"hps\">existe dans la nature</span> <span class=\"hps\">en tant que</span> <span class=\"hps\">SiO2</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">est facilement absorbée</span> <span class=\"hps\">par le cheval</span>. <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">La zéolithe</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">de sodium (</span>SZA) <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">est absorbée</span> <span class=\"hps\">plus facilement</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">et on a trouvé</span> <span class=\"hps\">que ce nutriment</span> <span class=\"hps\">est bon pour</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">les chevaux à l\'entraînement</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">et qu\'il</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">évite les blessures</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Puisque</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">le silicium</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">se rencontre</span> <span class=\"hps\">si abondamment</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans la nature</span><span>,</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">il est peu probable</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">qu\'il y ait</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">un manque chez les</span> <span class=\"hps\">chevaux.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Il n\'y a</span> <span class=\"hps\">pas de normes</span> <span class=\"hps\">internationalement établies</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">du besoin</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">en silicium</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour les chevaux</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le <strong>bore</strong></span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">est reconnu comme</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">un nutriment essentiel</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Sur la base du</span> <span class=\"hps\">résultat</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">existant,</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">on devrait être en mesure</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'attendre que les</span> <span class=\"hps\">très petites quantités</span> <span class=\"hps\">nécessaires</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">soient couvertes par le</span> <span class=\"hps\">bore</span> <span class=\"hps\">naturel</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans l\'alimentation</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Il</span> <span class=\"hps\">n\'y a pas de</span> <span class=\"hps\">normes</span> <span class=\"hps\">internationalement établies</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">du besoin en bore</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour les chevaux</span>.</span></span></p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:54:54',62,'','2015-08-01 12:22:52',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:54:54','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',10,48,'','',1,1697,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3431,4093,'Iode','iodine-2','<p><img src=\"images/I.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">La majeure partie de</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'iode</span> <span class=\"hps\">du corps</span> <span class=\"hps\">(I)</span> <span class=\"hps\">se trouve dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">la glande thyroïde</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">où elle est nécessaire</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour la synthèse</span> <span class=\"hps\">des hormones thyroïdiennes</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui régulent le métabolisme</span> <span class=\"hps\">basal</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le besoin</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour l\'iode</span> <span class=\"hps\">est fixé</span> <span class=\"hps\">à 0,3</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg /</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg</span> <span class=\"hps\">de matière sèche</span> <span class=\"hps\">de la ration</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">L\'iode</span> <span class=\"hps\">est généralement</span> <span class=\"hps\">ajoutée aux aliments</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">composés commerciaux</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">et mélanges </span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">minéraux</span>.</span></p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:53:22',62,'','2015-07-31 11:41:20',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:53:22','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',10,58,'','',1,1866,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3432,4094,'Cobalt','cobalt-2','<p><img src=\"images/Co.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le cobalt</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span><span>Co</span>) <span class=\"hps\">est nécessaire pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">la microflore</span> <span class=\"hps\">caecale</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">colique</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour produire</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">la vitamine B12</span>. <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le besoin en</span> <span class=\"hps\">cobalt</span> <span class=\"hps\">se situe</span> <span class=\"hps\">à</span> <span class=\"hps\">0,1</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg /</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg</span> <span class=\"hps\">de matière sèche</span> <span class=\"hps\">de la ration</span>. <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le cobalt</span> <span class=\"hps\">est généralement</span> <span class=\"hps\">ajoutée aux aliments</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">composés commerciaux</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">et mélanges </span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">minéraux</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:52:00',62,'','2015-07-31 11:39:26',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:52:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',7,68,'','',1,1824,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3433,4095,'Sélénium','selenium-2','<p><img src=\"images/Se.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Le sélénium</span> <span class=\"hps\">(Se)</span> <span class=\"hps\">est un composant essentiel</span> <span class=\"hps\">de la glutathion peroxydase</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui facilite</span> <span class=\"hps\">la détoxification des</span> <span class=\"hps\">peroxydes</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">toxiques pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">les membranes cellulaires.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Le sélénium joue</span> <span class=\"hps\">également un rôle dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">le contrôle du métabolisme</span> <span class=\"hps\">des hormones thyroïdiennes</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Le sélénium est</span> <span class=\"hps\">très toxique</span> <span class=\"hps\">et ne doit pas</span> <span class=\"hps\">être</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">surdosé</span>. <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le besoin</span> <span class=\"hps\">est d\'environ 0,1</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg</span> <span class=\"hps\">/</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg de matière sèche</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">la ration</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Le sélénium</span> <span class=\"hps\">est généralement</span> <span class=\"hps\">ajoutée aux aliments</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">composés commerciaux</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">et mélanges </span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">minéraux</span>.</span></p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:50:04',62,'','2015-07-31 11:43:23',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:50:04','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',7,129,'','',1,1690,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3434,4096,'Zinc','zinc-2','<p><img src=\"images/Zn.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le zinc (Zn)</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">est un élément important</span> <span class=\"hps\">de plus de 100</span> <span class=\"hps\">enzymes</span>. <span class=\"hps\">L\'absorption est</span> <span class=\"hps\">relativement faible,</span> <span class=\"hps\">de 5 à 10</span>%, <span class=\"hps\">variant en fonction</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">du statut en </span> <span class=\"hps\">zinc</span> <span class=\"hps\">de l\'animal.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">La carence peut</span> <span class=\"hps\">conduire à</span> une <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">diminution de l\'appétit</span> <span class=\"hps\">et de la croissance</span><span>,</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">augmentation de la fréquence de maladies du développement osseux et articulaire</span>s, <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">et un affaiblissement du système</span> <span class=\"hps\">immunitaire</span><span>.</span></span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images/Zn-Cu.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Les chevaux sont</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">tolérants</span> <span class=\"hps\">à des quantités élevées</span> <span class=\"hps\">de zinc</span><span>, mais</span> <span class=\"hps\">un apport</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">élevé en</span> <span class=\"hps\">zinc</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">peut interférer</span> <span class=\"hps\">négativement avec</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'absorption du cuivre</span>, <span class=\"hps\">et donc conduire à</span> <span class=\"hps\">une carence en cuivre</span><span>.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le foin de graminées</span> <span class=\"hps\">contient typiquement</span> <span class=\"hps\">de 15 à 30</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg de zinc</span> <span class=\"hps\">/</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">environ</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">la même chose pour les</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">céréales</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Les concentrés commerciaux</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour les chevaux</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont généralement</span> <span class=\"hps\">enrichis en</span> <span class=\"hps\">zinc</span><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le besoin</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour le zinc</span> <span class=\"hps\">est fixé</span> <span class=\"hps\">à 40</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg</span> <span class=\"hps\">/ kg de matière</span> <span class=\"hps\">sèche de la ration</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour toutes les catégories</span> <span class=\"hps\">de chevaux</span><span>.</span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:48:53',62,'','2015-07-31 11:36:08',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:48:53','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',10,188,'','',1,1703,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3435,4097,'Manganèse','manganese-2','<p><img src=\"images/Mn.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Le manganèse</span> <span class=\"hps\">(Mn)</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">est essentiel pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">le métabolisme</span> <span class=\"hps\">des glucides et des</span> <span class=\"hps\">lipides</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour la synthèse du</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">sulfate de chondroïtine</span> <span class=\"hps\">nécessaire</span> <span class=\"hps\">à</span> <span class=\"hps\">la formation de</span> <span class=\"hps\">cartilage</span><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">L\'absorption du</span> <span class=\"hps\">Mn</span> <span class=\"hps\">est influencée</span> <span class=\"hps\">négativement par</span> <span class=\"hps\">des apports élevés de</span> <span class=\"hps\">fer, de calcium</span> <span class=\"hps\">et de phosphore</span>.</span></p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:47:02',62,'','2015-07-31 11:25:07',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:47:02','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',9,76,'','',1,1598,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3436,4098,'Cuivre','copper-2','<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images/Cu.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le cuivre</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span><span>Cu</span>) <span class=\"hps\">est essentiel</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour plusieurs enzymes</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">cuivre</span><span class=\"atn\">-</span><span>dépendantes</span><span>, par exemple</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">celles qui sont impliquées</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans la synthèse</span> <span class=\"hps\">et le maintien</span> <span class=\"hps\">du tissu conjonctif</span> <span class=\"hps\">élastique et</span> <span class=\"hps\">la mobilisation</span> <span class=\"hps\">des réserves de fer</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Environ</span> <span class=\"hps\">25 à 40</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour cent du</span> <span class=\"hps\">cuivre</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">une</span> <span class=\"hps\">ration</span> <span class=\"hps\">normale</span> <span class=\"hps\">est absorbé</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans les intestins.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le cuivre</span> <span class=\"hps\">interagit avec de nombreux</span> <span class=\"hps\">autres</span> <span class=\"hps\">minéraux, y compris</span> <span class=\"hps\">le molybdène, le</span> <span class=\"hps\">soufre</span>, le zinc, <span class=\"hps\">le sélénium, le</span> <span class=\"hps\">cadmium</span> <span class=\"hps\">et le fer.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Une carence en cuivre</span> <span class=\"hps\">peut conduire à</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">l\'ostochondrose</span>, <span class=\"hps\">d\'autres</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">maladies du développement osseux</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\"> et</span> <span class=\"hps\">à l\'anémie</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">L\'herbe et le foin</span> <span class=\"hps\">contiennent</span> <span class=\"hps\">4-8</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg de Cu</span> <span class=\"hps\">par kg de matière</span> <span class=\"hps\">sèche</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">et l\'avoine</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">environ</span> <span class=\"hps\">la même chose.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Les bonnes sources</span> <span class=\"hps\">de cuivre</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">la plupart des</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">suppléments</span> <span class=\"hps\">minéraux</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">aliments composés</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour les chevaux</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le besoin en</span> <span class=\"hps\">cuivre</span> <span class=\"hps\">est d\'environ 10</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg</span> <span class=\"hps\">par</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg de matière sèche</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">la ration</span>.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:45:50',62,'','2015-07-31 10:53:08',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:45:50','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',11,140,'','',1,1759,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3437,4099,'Fer','iron-2','<p><img src=\"images/Fe.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le fer (Fe)</span> <span class=\"hps\">se trouve dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'hémoglobine</span><span>, la myoglobine</span>, <span class=\"hps\">les cytochromes</span>, <span class=\"hps\">de nombreux systèmes</span> <span class=\"hps\">enzymatiques.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Le fer joue</span> <span class=\"hps\">un rôle essentiel dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">le transport d\'oxygène</span> <span class=\"hps\">la respiration cellulaire.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\">Dans le corps</span> <span class=\"hps\">du</span> <span class=\"hps\">cheval</span> <span class=\"hps\">on trouve</span> <span class=\"hps\">environ</span> <span class=\"hps\">70</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg de fer</span> <span class=\"hps\">par</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg</span> <span class=\"hps\">de poids corporel.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Cela signifie qu\'un</span> <span class=\"hps\">cheval</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span>500 kg) <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">comporte</span> <span class=\"hps\">environ</span> <span class=\"hps\">33</span> <span class=\"hps\">g de</span> <span class=\"hps\">fer</span>. <span class=\"hps\">66% se trouvent</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans l\'hémoglobine</span>,<span class=\"hps\"> 20% en</span> <span class=\"hps\">myoglobine</span>, <span class=\"hps\">20</span>% <span class=\"hps\">dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">la transferrine</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span>forme <span class=\"hps\">de transport</span>), <span class=\"hps\">la ferritine et</span> l\'<span class=\"hps\">hémosidérine</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span>forme de stockage). <span class=\"hps\">0,2</span>% <span class=\"hps\">se trouve dans les</span> <span class=\"hps\">enzymes.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le fourrage et</span> <span class=\"hps\">sous-produits</span> <span class=\"hps\">contiennent</span> <span class=\"hps\">généralement</span> <span class=\"hps\">100-250</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg</span> <span class=\"hps\">Fe</span> <span class=\"hps\">/</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg de matière sèche</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Les céréales</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">en contiennent généralement</span> <span class=\"hps\">moins de 100 mg</span> <span class=\"hps\">/</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg de matière sèche</span>. <span class=\"hps\">L\'absorption du fer</span> <span class=\"hps\">alimentaire</span> <span class=\"hps\">chez le cheval</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">sera vraisemblablement</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">de 15</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour cent ou moins</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">L\'utilisation du fer</span> <span class=\"hps\">augmente</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans les rations</span> <span class=\"hps\">carencées en fer</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">diminue avec l\'</span><span>apport</span> <span class=\"hps\">plus élevé que</span> <span class=\"hps\">la normale</span> <span class=\"hps\">de cadmium</span><span>, le cobalt</span><span>, le cuivre</span><span>, le manganèse</span> <span class=\"hps\">et le zinc</span><span>.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le besoin quotidien</span> <span class=\"hps\">en fer</span> <span class=\"hps\">est d\'environ</span> <span class=\"hps\">40-50</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg</span> <span class=\"hps\">/</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg de matière sèche</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">la ration</span>. <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le besoin en</span> <span class=\"hps\">fer</span> <span class=\"hps\">devrait être atteint</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans des conditions</span> <span class=\"hps\">normales d\'alimentation</span>.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:44:20',62,'','2015-07-31 10:44:59',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:44:20','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',7,202,'','',1,1724,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3438,4100,'Soufre','sulfur-2','<p><img src=\"images/S.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Dans le corps</span>, le soufre <span class=\"hps\">(S)</span> <span class=\"hps\">se trouve principalement</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">comme faisant partie</span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\"> </span></span><span class=\"hps\">des acides aminés</span> <span class=\"hps\">méthionine et la cystéine <span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">contenant du soufre</span></span></span></span><span>, l\'héparine</span>, l\'insuline<span>, la thiamine</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span><span>vitamine</span> <span class=\"hps\">B1)</span> <span class=\"hps\">du sulfate de</span> <span class=\"hps\">chondroïtine</span><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le besoin</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour le soufre</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">n\'a pas été établi</span><span class=\"alt-edited\">, quoique le</span> <span class=\"hps\">soufre dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">les protéines alimentaires</span> <span class=\"hps\">de haute qualité</span> <span class=\"hps\">semble adéquat</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour répondre aux besoins</span><span>.</span></span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:38:16',62,'','2015-07-31 10:01:48',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:38:16','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',7,155,'','',1,1693,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3439,4101,'Sodium','sodium-2','<p><img src=\"images/Na.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le sodium</span> <span class=\"hps\">(Na)</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">est le cation extracellulaire</span> <span class=\"hps\">le plus important</span> <span class=\"hps\">ainsi que l\'électrolyte</span> <span class=\"hps\">le plus important</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le maintien de</span> <span class=\"hps\">la</span> <span class=\"hps\">pression</span> <span class=\"hps\">osmotique</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans les cellules</span> <span class=\"hps\">et les tissus.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Les</span> <span class=\"hps\">pertes endogènes</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">les chevaux adultes</span> <span class=\"hps\">à</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'entretien</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">sont calculées</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour être</span> <span class=\"hps\">de 15 à 20</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg</span> <span class=\"hps\">/</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg de poids corporel</span> <span class=\"hps\">/ jour</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span><span>Meyer</span> <span class=\"hps\">et al</span>, <span class=\"hps\">1984;</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Schryver</span> <span class=\"hps\">et al</span><span>., 1987</span><span>)</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Si nous supposons</span> <span class=\"hps\">que le sodium</span> <span class=\"hps\">est absorbé</span> <span class=\"hps\">à 100%</span><span>,</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">alors</span> <span class=\"hps\">un cheval</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">de 500</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg de poids</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">corporel aura besoin de</span> <span class=\"hps\">7,5 grammes</span> <span class=\"hps\">de sodium par jour</span>. <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">L\'exercice et des températures</span> <span class=\"hps\">ambiantes élevées</span> <span class=\"hps\">augmentent les besoins en</span> <span class=\"hps\">sodium</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">car les chevaux</span> <span class=\"hps\">vont perdre</span> <span class=\"hps\">des quantités importantes de</span> <span class=\"hps\">sodium</span> <span class=\"hps\">par la sueur</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Il</span> <span class=\"hps\">est donc difficile de</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">calculer des besoins en</span> <span class=\"hps\">sodium</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">précis dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">un logiciel</span> <span class=\"hps\">nutritionnel</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Heureusement</span>, <span class=\"hps\">tous les mammifères</span> <span class=\"hps\">excrètent</span> <span class=\"hps\">facilement</span> <span class=\"hps\">un excédent de</span> <span class=\"hps\">sodium,</span> <span class=\"hps\">tant qu\'il n\'y</span> <span class=\"hps\">a pas de</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">manque d\'eau potable</span>. <span class=\"hps\">La source la plus</span> <span class=\"hps\">importante de</span> <span class=\"hps\">sodium</span> <span class=\"hps\">est le sel</span> <span class=\"hps\">(NaCl</span>)<span>.</span></span></p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:36:30',62,'','2015-07-31 09:51:33',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:36:30','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',8,167,'','',1,1645,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3440,4102,'Potassium','potassium-2','<p><img src=\"images/K.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le potassium</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span><span>K</span><span>)</span> <span class=\"hps\">est le cation</span> <span class=\"hps\">intracellulaire</span> <span class=\"hps\">le plus important</span>. <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Il est impliqué dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">le maintien de</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'équilibre</span> <span class=\"hps\">acide / base</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">et dans la pression</span> <span class=\"hps\">osmotique</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Il</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">fait également partie</span> <span class=\"hps\">de plusieurs enzymes</span> <span class=\"hps\">participant à</span> <span class=\"hps\">la glycolyse et</span> <span class=\"hps\">la phosphorylation oxydative</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Dans le corps</span> <span class=\"hps\">90</span><span>% du</span> <span class=\"hps\">potassium</span> <span class=\"hps\">est intracellulaire</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">les muscles et les</span> <span class=\"hps\">organes internes.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Les</span> <span class=\"hps\">fourrages</span> <span class=\"hps\">les plus courants</span> <span class=\"hps\">contiennent environ</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">1,5 à 2,5</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour cent</span> <span class=\"hps\">de potassium</span> <span class=\"hps\">de la matière sèche</span><span>, ce qui signifie</span> <span class=\"hps\">15 à 25</span> <span class=\"hps\">grammes par</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg de matière sèche</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">La teneur en</span> <span class=\"hps\">potassium</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">dans les céréales</span> <span class=\"hps\">est plus faible,</span> <span class=\"hps\">de 0,3 à 0,6</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">pour cent de la</span> <span class=\"hps\">matière sèche</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">les rations</span> <span class=\"hps\">avec</span> <span class=\"hps\">une quantité normale</span> <span class=\"hps\">de fourrage</span> <span class=\"hps\">il devrait y avoir</span> <span class=\"hps\">des quantités suffisantes de</span> <span class=\"hps\">potassium.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Lorsque</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">le besoin en </span> <span class=\"hps\">potassium</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">est calculé</span><span>, une valeur de</span> <span class=\"hps\">disponibilité de</span> <span class=\"hps\">50</span><span>%</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">est utilisée</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:34:48',62,'','2015-07-31 09:45:15',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:34:48','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',9,87,'','',1,1749,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3441,4103,'Magnésium','magnesium31863-2','<p><img src=\"images/Mg.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Le corps du</span> <span class=\"hps\">cheval</span> <span class=\"hps\">contient environ</span> <span class=\"hps\">0,05</span><span>% de magnésium</span>, <span class=\"hps\">60</span><span class=\"alt-edited\">% de celui-ci</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">se trouvant dans le</span> <span class=\"hps\">squelette</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Le magnésium est un</span> <span class=\"hps\">activateur</span> <span class=\"hps\">de</span> <span class=\"hps\">nombreuses enzymes</span> <span class=\"hps\">et est nécessaire pour</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">une fonction musculaire</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">normale.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">L\'absorption</span> <span class=\"hps\">normale</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">du</span> <span class=\"hps\">magnésium</span> <span class=\"hps\">est</span> <span class=\"hps\">de 40 à 60</span><span>%.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Pour</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">calcul des besoins</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">en magnésium</span> <span class=\"hps\">une valeur</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'absorption de</span> <span class=\"hps\">40</span>% <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">a été retenue</span> <span class=\"hps\">(NRC</span> <span class=\"hps\">1989)</span><span>.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><strong>Entretien</strong>. Mg (g/j) = 0.015*PC </p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Croissance</strong> : entre 0.85 et 1.25 g de Mg sont déposés par kg de gain de poids corporel ; NRC retient 1.25 g dans leurs calculs. <br />Mg (g/j) = 0.015*PC + 1.25*GJP <br /><br />Besoin en magnésium pour la croissance avec travail :<br />Mg (g/j) =(0.015*PC+1.25*GPJ)* (ED pour exercice / ED sans exercice) <br /><br /><strong>Gestation </strong>: les besoins en magnésium au cours des 3 derniers mois de gestation augmentent de 0.3 mg/kg PC. <br />Mois 9 - 11: Mg (g/j) = 2.0 * ED (MJ) <br /><br /><strong>Lactation. </strong><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">La concentration</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">en magnésium</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le lait</span> <span class=\"hps\">de jument</span> <span class=\"hps\">en début de lactation</span> <span class=\"hps\">est d\'environ 90</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg</span> <span class=\"hps\">/</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">puis diminue à</span> <span class=\"hps\">45</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg / kg</span> <span class=\"hps\">en fin de lactation</span>. <span class=\"hps\">L\'absorption du</span> <span class=\"hps\">magnésium</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">est supposée être</span> <span class=\"hps\">40</span>%.</span><br /><br />1er - 2ème mois : <br />Jument 200 kg: Mg (g/j) =0.015*PC + (0.04*PC*0.09) /0.4 <br />Jument de plus de 300 kg: Mg (g/j) =0.015*PC + (0.03*PC*0.09) /0.4 <br /><br />3ème mis - sevrage : <br />Jument 200 kg: Mg (g/j) =0.015*PC + (0.03*PC*0.045)/ 0.4 <br />Jument de plus de 300 kg: Mg (g/j) =0.015*PC + (0.02*PC*0.045)/ 0.4 <br /><br /><strong>Travail </strong>: Mg (g/j)= 1.92 * ED (MJ)</p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:33:01',62,'','2015-07-31 09:38:25',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:33:01','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',9,161,'','',1,1671,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3442,4104,'Phosphore','phosphorus-requirements-2','<p><img src=\"images/P.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Le phosphore est</span> <span class=\"hps\">nécessaire pour la croissance</span> <span class=\"hps\">du</span> <span class=\"hps\">squelette</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span><span>le</span> <span class=\"hps\">squelette</span> <span class=\"hps\">comprend</span> <span class=\"hps\">14 à 17</span><span>% de phosphore</span><span>)</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">le</span> <span class=\"hps\">métabolisme</span> <span class=\"hps\">de l\'énergie dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">les</span> <span class=\"hps\">cellules du corps</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Trop de phosphore</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">réduira l\'absorption</span> <span class=\"hps\">du calcium et</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">pourrait</span> <span class=\"hps\">par conséquent</span> <span class=\"hps\">conduire à des anomalies</span> <span class=\"hps\">squelettiques</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">L\'excès de phosphore</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">peut</span> <span class=\"hps\">également nuire à</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'absorption du fer</span><span>.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><br />Entretien :&nbsp;</strong><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Les</span> <span class=\"hps\">besoins en phosphore</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont calculés sur la</span> <span class=\"hps\">base d\'une</span> <span class=\"hps\">perte</span> <span class=\"hps\">endogène</span> <span class=\"hps\">de</span> <span class=\"hps\">10</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg /</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">kg de poids corporel (PC)</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">35</span>% d\'absorption.</span> <br /><br />P (g/j) = 0.28*PC <br /><br /><strong>Croissance : </strong><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Le besoin en</span> <span class=\"hps\">phosphore</span> <span class=\"hps\">est d\'environ</span> <span class=\"hps\">8</span> <span class=\"hps\">g /</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg</span> <span class=\"hps\">de</span> <span class=\"hps\">gain de poids.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Chez les jeunes</span> <span class=\"hps\">chevaux</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour qui</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">les aliments</span> <span class=\"hps\">contiennent</span> <span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">habituellement</span></span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">du phosphore inorganique ajouté</span><span>, il est</span> <span class=\"hps\">courant de supposer</span> <span class=\"hps\">une efficacité</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'absorption</span> <span class=\"hps\">de 45%</span><span>.</span></span><br /><br />P (g/j) = 0.022*PC + 17.8*GPJ </p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Pour les jeunes</span> <span class=\"hps\">chevaux à l\'entraînement</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">les besoins</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">en phosphore</span> <span class=\"hps\">de la croissance</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">sont ajoutés à</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">ceux du travail</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">quisont&nbsp; déterminés par rapport à</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'énergie requise</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">pour le travail.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br />P =(0.022*PC+17.8*GPJ)*(ED pour les chevaux au travail / ED pour les chevaux non travaillés) <br /><br /><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><strong><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Gestation</span></strong><span class=\"alt-edited\"> :</span> <span class=\"hps\">Pendant les</span> <span class=\"hps\">trois derniers mois de</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">la gestation, la</span> <span class=\"hps\">formule suivante est utilisée</span><span class=\"alt-edited\"> :</span></span><br /><br />P (g/j) = 6.0 * ED (MJ) <br /><strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><strong><span class=\"hps\">Production de lait</span></strong><span class=\"alt-edited\"> :</span> <span class=\"hps\">La teneur en phosphore</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">du</span> <span class=\"hps\">lait de jument</span> <span class=\"hps\">varie entre</span> <span class=\"hps\">0,75 g /</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg</span> <span class=\"hps\">en début de lactation</span> <span class=\"hps\">et 0,5</span> <span class=\"hps\">g / kg</span> <span class=\"hps\">en fin de lactation</span>. <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">L\'absorption du</span> <span class=\"hps\">phosphore</span> <span class=\"hps\">au cours de</span> <span class=\"hps\">la lactation</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">est supposée être de</span> <span class=\"hps\">45</span>%. <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Les juments</span> <span class=\"hps\">en début de lactation</span> <span class=\"hps\">produisant</span> <span class=\"hps\">16 kg</span> <span class=\"hps\">/ j</span> <span class=\"hps\">de lait</span> <span class=\"hps\">exigent</span> <span class=\"hps\">1,67</span> <span class=\"hps\">*</span> <span class=\"hps\">16</span> <span class=\"hps\">=</span> <span class=\"hps\">26,7</span> <span class=\"hps\">g de phosphore</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour la production</span> <span class=\"hps\">de lait</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span><span class=\"alt-edited\">en plus de</span> <span class=\"hps\">ce qui est nécessaire</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour l\'entretien</span>).</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br />1er-2ème mois de lactation : <br /><br />Jument 200 kg: P (g/j) =0.01*PC + (0.04*PC*0.75)/ 0.45 <br />Jument de plus de 300 kg: P (g/j) =0.01*PC + (0.03*PC*0.75)/ 0.45 <br /><br />3ème mois de lactation au sevrage : <br /><br />Jument 200 kg: P (g/j) =0.01*PC + (0.03*PC*0.50) /0.45 <br />Jument de plus de 300 kg: P (g/j) = 0.01*PC + (0.02*PC*0.50)/ 0.45 <br /><br /><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\"><strong>Travail</strong> :</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le besoin</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">en phosphore</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">des chevaux au</span> <span class=\"hps\">le travail est lié</span> <span class=\"hps\">à l\'exigence</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">en énergie</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">:</span></span>&nbsp;<br /><br />P (g/j) = 3.64 * ED (MJ) <em><br /></em></p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:28:31',62,'','2015-07-30 16:45:12',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:28:31','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',9,196,'','',1,1611,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3443,4105,'Microminerals (3)','microminerals-3','<p>The requirements for microminerals are expressed as milligram per kg dry matter in the ration by NRC-2007. This is related to certain standard rations as defined by the NRC. In PC-Horse we have added a safety margin to the net requirements given by NRC. This allows us also to calculate the requirements without having to to take particular standard rations into account.</p>','',-2,9,'2008-09-11 08:42:04',62,'','2015-01-12 10:59:57',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:42:04','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',1,1,'','',1,0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(3444,4107,'Konsulent','consultant-2','<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">An optimized version for feed advisors, help desks, consultants and veterinarians </span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-8-education.jpg\" alt=\"00-8-education\" width=\"150\" height=\"100\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-7-advice.jpg\" alt=\"00-7-advice\" width=\"150\" height=\"100\" /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-5-veterinarian.jpg\" alt=\"00-5-veterinarian\" width=\"150\" height=\"100\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"h1\"><strong>General functions:<br /></strong></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<table class=\"font-small\" style=\"background-color: #ccffcc; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Horses: <br /></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Unlimited<br /></strong></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Stables: </strong></span></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Unlimited</strong></span></strong></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"h1\">Nutrients in the </span><span class=\"h1\">diet</span></strong><strong>: </strong></span></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>32</strong></span></strong></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"h1\">Nutrients:</span></strong><strong><br /></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Energy, Crude protein, Lysine, Calcium, Phosphorus, Ca/P, Magnesium, Sodium, Iron, Copper, Manganese, Zinc, Cobalt, Iodine, Niacine, Folic acid, Selenium, Biotin, Potassium, Sulphur, A-, D-, E-, B1-, B2-, B6-,B12- and C- vitamins plus Fibre, Starch, Sugar and Fat</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"h1\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Several</span> <span class=\"hps\">storage locations</span>.</span></strong></span></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">In addition to</span> <span class=\"hps\">the default location</span> <span class=\"hps\">under My Documents</span>, you can create <span class=\"hps\">any number of alternate</span> <span class=\"hps\">storage location</span>s <span class=\"hps\">elsewhere on</span> <span class=\"hps\">your computer or</span> in the <span class=\"hps\">network.</span></span></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span class=\"h1\"><br /></span><strong>All PROFESSIONAL-version features are included. Additional features include:</strong></span></p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Model stables</li>\r\n<li>Model horses</li>\r\n<li>Selection of nutrients to be shown and printed</li>\r\n<li>Several users per license</li>\r\n<li>Name, address and logo of consultant presented on the reports</li>\r\n<li>Search function for horses, stables and stable owners</li>\r\n<li>Multiple reports per horse on the same date</li>\r\n<li>Quick Start can be selected - Initial download of the Guaranty feed list can be turned on or off.</li>\r\n</ul>','',1,90,'2015-01-08 16:35:56',10,'','2016-01-11 09:47:58',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-08 16:35:56','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,11,'','',1,1673,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3445,4108,'Professionell','professional-en-2','<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">For professionals who want to increase their efficiency in managing many horses and horse owners</span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"http://www.pc-horse.com/images-joomla/stories/situations/00-2-training-jump.jpg\" alt=\"00-2-training-jump\" width=\"150\" height=\"100\" /> <img src=\"http://www.pc-horse.com/images-joomla/stories/situations/00-3-start.jpg\" alt=\"00-3-start\" width=\"150\" height=\"100\" /> <img src=\"http://www.pc-horse.com/images-joomla/stories/situations/00-4-dressyr.jpg\" alt=\"00-4-dressyr\" width=\"150\" height=\"100\" /></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"h1\"><strong>General functions:<br /></strong></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<table border=\"0\" class=\"font-small\" style=\"background-color: #ccffcc; width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Horses: <br /></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Unlimited<br /></strong></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Stables:</strong></span></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Unlimited</strong></span></strong></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"h1\">Nutrients in the </span><span class=\"h1\">diet</span></strong><strong>: <br /></strong></span></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>24</strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"h1\">Nutrients:</span></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Energy, Crude protein, Lysine, Calcium, Phosphorus, Ca/P, Magnesium, Sodium, Iron, Copper, Manganese, Zinc, Cobalt, Iodine, Niacin, Folic acid, Selenium, A-, D-, E-, B1-, B2-, B6- and B12 vitamins</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"h1\">Storage locations: 2</span></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">In addition to</span> <span class=\"hps\">the default location</span> <span class=\"hps\">under My Documents</span>, you can create <span class=\"hps\">an alternate</span> <span class=\"hps\">storage location</span> <span class=\"hps\">elsewhere on</span> <span class=\"hps\">your computer or</span> in the <span class=\"hps\">network.</span></span></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><span class=\"h1\" style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><br /></span><span class=\"h1\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">All STANDARD-version features are included. Additional features include:</span> <span class=\"h1 style2\"><br /></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\"><span class=\"h1 style2\">Treatments: vaccinations, worming, reproduction, farrier and more</span></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\"><span class=\"h1 style2\">Several stables<br /></span></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\"><span class=\"h1 style2\">Email and printout of stable reports<br /></span></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\"><span class=\"h1 style2\">Meals report for all horses in the stable</span></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\"><span class=\"h1 style2\">Export of stable data<br /></span></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\"><span class=\"h1 style2\">Email weight and nutrient reports<br /></span></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\"><span class=\"h1 style2\">Own feed list for each stable<br /></span></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\"><span class=\"h1 style2\">Pricing can be done for the entire feed list<br /></span></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Email of rations<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Export and import of feed lists<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Cost calculation of feeds per day/week/month</span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Comparison of nutrients between different feeds<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Detailed printout of nutritient data<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Email several reports at the same time</span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Feed calculation (making your own recipes)</span></li>\r\n<li>Quick Start can be selected - Initial download of the Guaranty feed list can be turned on or off.</li>\r\n</ul>','',1,90,'2015-01-08 16:34:11',10,'','2016-01-11 09:48:25',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-08 16:34:11','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,18,'','',1,1780,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3446,4109,'Shop','shop-en-2','<p><span lang=\"en\"><span lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">Let customers test your feeds!</span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span lang=\"en\"><span lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">A \"Shop\" </span><span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">version of</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">PC</span><span class=\"atn\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">-</span><span title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">Horse</span> is now available for use in retail shops and on stands in fairs and exhibitions. We have designed PC-Horse Shop as a tool to allow your customers to <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">make</span> well-balanced rations for their horse(s) based on<span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\"> the</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">feeds you are promoting. </span><span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">When</span> a customer has decided on a <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\"> ration that suits them, <span title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">it can</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">be printed</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">on</span> a local printer,<span title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\"> or</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">sent </span><span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">to the</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">customer</span><span title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">\'s own</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">email address</span><span title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">.</span><br /><br /><span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">A </span><span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">data file</span> with information of the horse <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">may be attached</span><span title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">,</span> in order to allow the <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">customer</span> to <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">continue</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">to work</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">with</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">the </span>ration <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">at home, using </span><span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">their own</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">version of</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">PC</span><span class=\"atn\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">-</span><span title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">Horse</span><span title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">.</span><br /><br /><span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">Our </span><span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">Shop </span><span title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">solution</span> will be <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">tailored</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">to</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">your</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">company\'s</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">particular</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">needs</span><span title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">.</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">Whether a</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">retail chain</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">or an</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">independent</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">shop</span><span title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">, we</span> shall be<span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\"> happy to </span><span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">find the best </span><span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">solution</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">for</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">you</span><span title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">.</span><span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\"> Please</span> <a href=\"mailto:knut.hove@pc-horse.com\"><span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">contact</span></a> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">us</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">for</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">a quote</span><span title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">.</span><br /><br /><span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">The PC-Horse Shop </span><span title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">version</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">can</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">be used</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">at</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">fairs</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">and</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">exhibitions</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">where </span><span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">potential customers</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">can independently</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">make</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">their own ration</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">based</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">on</span> <span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\">your products and without needing continuous attention from your stand personell. You just need to provide a PC with PC-Horse Shop installed, a printer, and an Internet connection for sending emails. </span></span> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/eurohorse.jpg\" alt=\"eurohorse\" width=\"460\" height=\"290\" /></p>\r\n<p> </p>','',1,90,'2011-04-03 08:28:22',62,'','2015-01-12 13:44:27',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2011-04-03 08:28:22','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',20,28,'','',1,463,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3447,4110,'Ausbildung','education-en-2','<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Educational software for training in horse nutrition. </strong></span><br /><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Designed for equine colleges, veterinary education and equine university studies.</span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-8-education.jpg\" alt=\"00-8-education\" width=\"150\" height=\"100\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-5-veterinarian.jpg\" alt=\"00-5-veterinarian\" width=\"150\" height=\"100\" /><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong> <br /></strong></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"h1\"><strong>General functions:<br /></strong></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<table class=\"font-small\" style=\"background-color: #ccffcc; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Horses: <br /></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Unlimited<br /></strong></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Stables: </strong></span></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Unlimited</strong></span></strong></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"h1\">Nutrients in the </span><span class=\"h1\">diet</span></strong><strong>: <br /></strong></span></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>32</strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"h1\">Nutrients: </span></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Energy, Crude protein, Lysine, Calcium, Phosphorus, Ca/P, Magnesium, Sodium, Iron, Copper, Manganese, Zinc, Cobalt, Iodine, Niacine, Folic acid, Selenium, Biotin, Potassium, Sulphur, A-, D-, E-, B1-, B2-, B6-,B12- and C- vitamins plus Fibre, Starch, Sugar, Fat<br /></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"h1\">Several storage locations</span></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">In addition to</span> <span class=\"hps\">the default location</span> <span class=\"hps\">under My Documents</span>, you can create <span class=\"hps\">any number of alternate</span> <span class=\"hps\">storage location</span>s <span class=\"hps\">elsewhere on</span> <span class=\"hps\">your computer or</span> in the <span class=\"hps\">network.</span></span></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"style2\"></span><span class=\"h1\"><br /></span></strong><strong>All features in the CONSULTANT-version of PC-Horse are included. Additional features include:</strong></span></p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Personal licenses for a requested number of teachers</li>\r\n<li>Unlimited student licenses</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>We continue to develop PC-Horse in close collaboration with leading higher education institutions</p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<noscript> </noscript>','',1,90,'2008-09-11 11:08:07',62,'','2015-02-25 09:14:54',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 11:08:07','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',16,27,'','',1,1620,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3448,4111,'Mini','mini-en-2','<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\"></span></strong></span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">With PC-Horse Mini, we can now offer you the perfect tool for planning the feeding of your own horse. Using the same calculation engines that drive our professional multi-horse version programs, you can access all the feeds included in higher versions of PC-Horse.</span></strong></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\"></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><strong>All for less than £1 per month!<br /></strong>A versatile version for the single-horse owner</span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-12-myhorse.jpg\" alt=\"00-12-myhorse\" height=\"100\" width=\"150\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-10-foal.jpg\" alt=\"00-10-foal\" height=\"100\" width=\"150\" /></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"h1\"><strong>General functions:<br /></strong></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<table class=\"font-small\" style=\"background-color: #ccffcc; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Horses: <br /></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><strong>1</strong></strong></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><strong><span class=\"h1\">Nutrients in the </span><span class=\"h1\">diet</span></strong><strong>: <br /></strong></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><strong><strong>8</strong></strong></strong></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"h1\">Nutrients:</span></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Energy, Protein, Calcium, Phosphorus, Ca/P, Sodium, Selenium, E-vitamin</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span class=\"h1\"><br /></span></span><strong><strong><span class=\"h1\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Other features:</strong></span><strong><br /></strong></span></strong></strong></p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">8 nutrients will be shown and calculated in the diet</span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">24 nutrients will be shown in the need window for the horse</span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">All national breeds with picture and data<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Picture and definitions of your horses<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Overview of the horse´s nutritient need<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Calculator for weight and </span>chest girth</li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Training intensity regulator </span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">National feed list guaranteed by leading suppliers</span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Warning for feeds lacking data<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Select and delete brands (feeds)</span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Printable ration charts<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Overview of nutrients in the chart<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Hot links to leading suppliers </span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Backup</span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Weight history and normal curve (growing horses)<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Defining your own feeds </span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Archive for rations<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Feed prices and cost calculations (per day/week/month)<br /></span></li>\r\n<li>Special feature for lactating mares to be mated</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p><span class=\"h1\"></span></p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><span class=\"h1\"></span></strong></strong></p>\r\n<noscript> </noscript>','',1,90,'2008-09-11 10:56:00',62,'','2015-01-23 13:28:57',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 10:56:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',27,33,'pc-horse, standard, standardversjon, fôrplan','Avansert program for private hesteeiere, private staller og mindre oppdrettere',1,2371,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3449,4112,'Standard','standard-2','<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">For private horse owners, small stables and breeders with few horses</span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-12-myhorse.jpg\" alt=\"00-12-myhorse\" height=\"100\" width=\"150\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-9-newborn.jpg\" alt=\"00-9-newborn\" height=\"100\" width=\"150\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-10-foal.jpg\" alt=\"00-10-foal\" height=\"100\" width=\"150\" /><strong><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><br /></span></strong></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"h1\"><strong>General functions:<br /></strong></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<table class=\"font-small\" style=\"background-color: #ccffcc; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Horses: <br /></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Unlimited</strong></span><br /></strong></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Stables:</strong></span></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>1</strong></span></strong></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"h1\">Nutrients in the </span><span class=\"h1\">diet</span></strong><strong>: <br /></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>24</strong></span></strong></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"h1\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong><span class=\"h1\">Nutrients</span></strong></span>:</span></strong></span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Energy, Crude protein, Lysine, Calcium, Phosphorus, Ca/P, Magnesium, Sodium, Iron, Copper, Manganese, Zinc, Cobalt, Iodine, Niacine, Folic acid, Selenium, A-, D-, E-, B1-, B2-, B6- and B12 vitamins</span></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span class=\"h1\"><br /></span><strong><strong><span class=\"h1\"><strong>Other features:</strong></span></strong></strong></span></p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">All national breeds with picture and data<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Picture and definitions of your horses<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Overview of the horse´s nutritient needs<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Calculator for weight and </span>chest girth</li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Training intensity regulator </span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">National feed list guaranteed by leading suppliers</span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Warning for feeds lacking data<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Select and delete brands (feeds)</span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Printable ration charts<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Overview of nutrients in the chart<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Hot links to leading suppliers </span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Backup</span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Several horses </span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Stable reports<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Extra information about the horse (identity, signs, etc)<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Horse diary<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Weight history and normal curve (growing horses)<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Defining your own feeds </span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Archive for rations<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Feed prices and cost calculations (per day/week/month)<br /></span></li>\r\n<li><span class=\"h1\">Contact register<br /></span></li>\r\n<li>Special feature for lactating mares to be mated</li>\r\n<li>Dry Matter-control  monitor the roughage level in the ration</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p><span class=\"h1\"></span></p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><span class=\"h1\"></span></strong></strong></p>\r\n<noscript> </noscript>','',1,90,'2008-09-11 10:56:00',62,'','2015-01-13 09:05:08',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 10:56:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',31,22,'pc-horse, standard, standardversjon, fôrplan','Avansert program for private hesteeiere, private staller og mindre oppdrettere',1,1640,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3450,4113,'Neue Lizenz bestellen','how-to-order-a-new-license-for-pc-horse-2','<p>You order a new licence, an extension or an upgrade <em>from within</em> PC-Horse. Even when ordering for the first time you do this from within the PC-Horse program.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><img src=\"http://www.pc-horse.com/images-joomla/stories/46-images/46-licensewindow1.jpg\" alt=\"46-licensewindow1\" width=\"350\" height=\"237\" /></p>\r\n<p>When extending or upgrading your licence, our web server keeps track of the version number of your program and how many days are left before the licence expires. Any time that remains is added to the duration of the new license.</p>','',1,3,'2015-01-10 12:50:29',10,'','2015-02-25 09:17:56',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-10 12:50:29','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,4,'','',1,1822,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3451,4114,'Bjud in Dina vänner! (2)','recruit71392-2','<p><img alt=\"personer\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/personer.png\" height=\"279\" width=\"550\" /></p>\r\n<p>Du kan bjuda in Dina vänner att prova PC-Horse med 20% rabatt!</p>\r\n<p>Du som redan är användare känner ju redan till de många fördelarna med PC-Horse. Hur Du kan beräkna hästens näringsbehov och göra perfekta foderstater som är exakt avpassade med de rätta näringsvärdena tillgodosedda för just Din häst. Antingen det nu är en värdefull unghäst, ett känsligt avelssto eller en kär gammal vän i stallet.</p>\r\n<p>Nu har vi öppnat möjligheten för våra användare att bjuda in vänner och kollegor att köpa ett eget PC-Horse. Därigenom får de fördelen att få 20% rabatt på alla våra programversioner.</p>\r\n<p>Läs mer på \"<strong>Din Sida</strong>\" i programmet och hjälp oss sprida kunskap om hästens välbefinnande och trivsel genom bättre utfodring!</p>','',0,3,'2012-09-20 14:32:39',62,'','2015-01-12 11:08:16',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2012-09-20 14:32:39','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',2,10,'','',1,0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3452,4115,'Deutsche Futtermittelliste','feed-de','<p>&nbsp;<img src=\"images/49-nationalfeedlistflag.png\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p>The german feed list in<span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">cludes at the moment 125 analysed feeds. 39 generic feeds and 86 analysis from established feed companies. New</span> <span class=\"hps\">feeds</span> <span class=\"hps\">will be added added</span> <span class=\"hps\">as new</span> <span class=\"hps\">suppliers</span> <span class=\"hps\">join the</span> <span class=\"hps\">PC-Horse system. </span></span>You may add your own brands into your feed lists in PC-Horse, but we recommend you always check with your supplier to be sure you are using latest updates.</p>\r\n<p>Present German feed list contains:</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Standard feeds (39)</li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http://www.lexa-pferdefutter.de/\">LEXA (41)</a></li>\r\n<li>CONSALTRO (10)</li>\r\n<li>PAVO (35)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 27px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>','',1,83,'2015-01-08 17:10:49',10,'','2017-09-05 14:16:28',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-08 17:10:49','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',10,12,'','',1,5974,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3453,4116,'Snart kommer du att kunna lägga in analyser direkt i programmet... (2)','eurofins46847-2','<p>Tänk så bekvämt och felfritt det blir. Ingen tankemöda, inga skrivfel. Allt bara rakt in i foderlistan.</p>','',0,15,'2013-03-01 08:40:46',62,'','2015-01-12 11:08:58',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2013-03-01 08:40:46','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',12,8,'','',1,0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3454,4117,'What´s new in the latest versions of PC-Horse ','news-de','<p>Do always install the latest version. In addition to the changes mentioned under each version, the PC-Horse team will currently fix bugs and introduce other improvements.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/new.jpg\" alt=\"new\" width=\"102\" height=\"97\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.32 published January 2017</strong><br />1. Import of feed analyses (xml-file) from Eurofins/BLgg in Sweden, Netherlands, Germany. Ofotlab in Norway<br />2. Potassium and Chloride requirements and ration balances calculated according to NRC 2007 (Not in Mini and Standard versions).<br />3. Screen for making feed mixes improved<br />4. Import of horses and stables overhauled<br />a. Stables can be imported (only in the Consultant version), when energy- and protein calculations are identical with the current country-version.<br />b. Horses can be imported to a stable from all other PC-Horse country-versions (Consultant version only). Feed energy and protein values will be recalculated.<br />c. Feed lists can be imported from all other PC-Horse country-versions. Energy and protein values will be recalculated.<br />5. Bug fixes (e.g. Horse treatments and naming of stables). Langauge corrections</p>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.30 veröffentlicht September 2016</strong><br />1. Im Einstellungsfenster für junge Pferde ist es jetzt möglich das Alter bis 36 Monate zu bestimmen<br />2. Bildschirm-Layout für Arbeit erneuert. Arbeitsintensitäts-Nomenklatura wird entsprechend der NRC-Empfehlung geändert, wenn die NRC-Empfehlungen verwendet werden<br />3. Die erste finnische PC-Horse-Version ist verfügbar. In Zusammenarbeit mit Eurofins Finnland sind XML-Dateien für Futteranalysen verfügbar<br />4. Der Kation-Anion-Balance-Wert (DCAB) wird automatisch aktualisiert wenn K, Cl, Na oder S im Futter verändert werden<br />5. Futteranalysen (XML-Dateien) von Getreide, Kraftfutter und Vitamine/Mineralien können jetzt eingelesen werden<br />6. Backup-Funktion wurde verbessert (UK bug)</p>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.29 published February 2016 </strong>(Minor update)<br />1. Import of stable from file (menu selection). All saved horses and reporfiles now included during import<br />2. Consultantversion: A userdefined root folder enabled in company installations where the \"My Documents\" folder is unavailable. Contact PC-Horse for information.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.28 published January 2016</strong><br /><strong>All versions:</strong><br />1. Licenses: Due to increased safety requirements in internet commerce, ordering and renewal of licenses<br />is done from the user\'s default web browser (Internet Explorer, FireFox, Chrome...).<br />2. Reading of feed analyses data (in XML format) enabled from new Laboratories (contact PC-Horse for information)<br />3. Imports of German roughages (guaranty feeds) is made possible to countries that use metabolisable and net energy.<br />4. Custom feeds can now be used when comparing nutrient contents<br />5. Corrections of reported errors.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Professional and Consultant</strong><br />5. Ratios of several new minerals in the horse\'s ration is reported.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Consultant</strong><br />6. Company logos for ration- and other reports can be downloaded from PC-Horse server.<br />The appropriate size of a banner is 175 x 40 pixels. Send your logo in an email to PC-Horse.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Importfeeds</strong><br />7. PC-Horse wil express energy and protein values in imported guarantyfeeds in local units,<br />and optionally show the local name of the feed, feeding guidance and point to the importers local website (Contact PC-Horse for details).</p>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.27 published September 2015<br /></strong></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>A \"Quick start\" is available in Consultant and Professional versions of PC-Horse through a menu item on the main menu. Synchronization with PC-Horse feed center will be dropped to speed up program start in cases of a slow internet connection. A warning will be given as long as the quick start mode is selected</li>\r\n<li>Internationalization of Branded feeds: Energy and protein units of a guaranty feed from the PC-Horse Feed Center will be expressed in the official units of the home country of the PC-Horse user. (i.e. A feed produced in the UK will be shown with Swedish energy and protein units when used by a Swedish PC-Horse user. Contact PC-Horse for more information)</li>\r\n<li>Support is given for internationalization of feed names, feed descriptions and references to feed homepages (URLs). Contact PC-Horse for more information.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.26 published February 2015<br /></strong></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>PC-Horse will now create new feeds and use the template feed mechanism also when internet is unavailable (bugfix)</li>\r\n<li>New graphic control monitoring roughage and dry matter intake when formulating rations</li>\r\n<li>New download of OpenSource feed lists (Feeds without an agreement with PC-Horse) in some countries</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.25 published September 2014</strong></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">U</span><span class=\"hps\">pdate</span> <span class=\"hps\">only required</span> <span class=\"hps\">for</span> <span class=\"hps\">MINI</span>-version. <span class=\"hps\">Fixate</span> a <span class=\"hps\">bug that</span> <span class=\"hps\">stopped</span> <span class=\"hps\">storage of</span> <span class=\"hps\">own</span> <span class=\"hps\">feed. Minor language corrections in all versions.<br /></span></span></p>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.24 published August 2014</strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">1. Limit for warning on too much fat in ration now at 1.5 g/kg (from 1.0 g/kg)<br />2. Improved handling of license download. PC-Horse Campaign Codes<br />3. Improved handling of feed information when PC-Horse is off-line</p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Version 2.22 published June 2014</strong></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Improved user choices when importing feed analyses through XML-files (i.e. from Eurofins)</li>\r\n<li>Improved search fascilities for finding horses and stables (Relevant for professional users with a large number of stables and horses per stable).</li>\r\n<li>Added functionality for using «Campaign codes» when ordering your PC-Horse license. Examples for use are among others i) Feed companies will give their retailers and competent customers opportunities to test their feeds in PC-Horse, and ii) Students at education institutions who wish to use PC-Horse on their own PCs.</li>\r\n<li>Possibilities to configure Proxy-settings when PC-Horse is being used inside a company firewall.</li>\r\n<li>Online information about what\'s to be expected in the newest version of PC-Horse (This page).</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.21 published May 2014</strong></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Added window to warn about the presence of a new version of PC-Horse</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.20 published April 2014</strong></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>New and improved model for handling of feeds in PC-Horse</li>\r\n<li>Download of all new and modified guaranty feeds from the PC-Horse webserver when PC-Horse starts. Secures that the PC-Horse always has a collection of feeds with updated composition from feed companies which collaborate with PC-Horse.</li>\r\n<li>«Feed direct» - a new service allowing PC-Horse users to import roughage analyses from collaborating hay producers directly into the feed lists of PC-Horse</li>\r\n</ol>','',1,14,'2015-01-10 12:41:27',10,'','2017-01-19 08:38:26',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-10 12:41:27','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',9,6,'','',1,2880,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3455,4118,'Sorry! (3)','sorry85397-3','<p><img alt=\"sv\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/flags/sv.gif\" height=\"14\" width=\"20\" /><br />Vi beklagar att vi har en störning i systemet just nu. Vi arbetar på att lösa problemet så snart som möjligt. Vi ber om överseende. Försök igen lite senare.</p>\r\n<p><img alt=\"no\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/flags/no.gif\" height=\"14\" width=\"20\" /><br />Vi beklager at vi har en forstyrrelse i systemet akkurat nå. Vi jobber med å løse problemet så snart som mulig. Vi beklager eventuelle ulemper dette medfører. Prøv igjen senere.</p>\r\n<p><img alt=\"da\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/flags/da.gif\" height=\"14\" width=\"20\" /><br />Vi beklager, at vi har en forstyrrelse i systemet lige nu. Vi arbejder på at løse problemet så hurtigt som muligt. Vi beklager ulejligheden. Prøv igen senere.</p>\r\n<p><img alt=\"en\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/flags/en.gif\" height=\"14\" width=\"20\" /><br />We regret that we have a disturbance in the system right now. We are working to resolve the issue as soon as possible. We apologize for any inconvenience. Try again later.</p>\r\n<p><img alt=\"fr\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/flags/fr.gif\" height=\"14\" width=\"20\" /><br />Nous regrettons que nous avons une perturbation dans le système actuel. Nous travaillons à résoudre le problème dès que possible. Nous nous excusons pour tout inconvénient. Réessayez plus tard.</p>','',1,14,'2012-09-22 11:04:23',62,'','2015-01-12 11:09:33',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2012-09-22 11:04:23','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',2,24,'','',1,170,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3456,4119,'Världspremiär - Fibrer, stärkelse, socker och fett i foderstaten! (2)','worldnews91018-2','<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" alt=\"foderstater for vinnande hastar\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/46-images/foderstater%20for%20vinnande%20hastar.jpg\" height=\"98\" width=\"300\" /></p>\r\n<p>Som första foderstatsprogram i världen kan PC-Horse beräkna och föreslå optimala dagsransoner när det gäller Fibrer, stärkelse, fett och socker i hästens foderstat.</p>\r\n<p>Tack vare vårt intima samarbete med SLU och internationella hästforskare är det numera möjligt att göra dessa komplicerade beräkningar i våra professionella versioner (PRO, KONSULT, SKOLA).</p>\r\n<p>Den nya versionen 2.18 lanseras den 20 september 2012. Redan från start ligger alla standardfoder uppdaterade och flera av de ledande foderfirmornas nya värden är också redo att användas i våra foderlistor. Fler följer inom kort.</p>\r\n<p>Enklare kan det inte bli att göra professionella foderstater.</p>\r\n<p>Ladda ner den nya versionen här!</p>','',0,14,'2012-08-29 07:19:17',62,'','2015-01-12 11:09:33',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2012-08-29 07:19:17','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',7,28,'','',1,0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3457,4120,'Beim Herunterladen','whendownloading-de','<p>Be ready for any security issue questions asked by Windows and/or your web browser and/or your firewall during the downloading process.</p>\r\n<p>1. Select RUN or OPEN to start the installation immediately (recommended)<br />2. SAVE means that you are first saving the downloaded installation file to your computer.  Subsequently, you will have to doubleclick the saved file ( <img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/blueicon.jpg\" alt=\"blueicon\" width=\"40\" height=\"33\" />49install.exe) to start the installation process.</p>\r\n<p>In some cases you may receive a warning about an unknown program. This is normal, and you should choose the RUN option</p>','',1,13,'2015-01-10 12:44:50',10,'','2015-02-25 09:17:27',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-10 12:44:50','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,3,'','',1,1607,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3458,4121,'Foderstat - passa på nu (2)','campaign49371-2','<p>Missa inte detta gyllne tillfälle att själv kunna göra Dina egna foderstater med Europas ledande foderstatsprogram PC-Horse - dessutom till ett extra bra pris.</p>\r\n<p>1. Ladda ner programmet från vår hemsida <strong><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=60:newversion&amp;catid=13:nedladdning&amp;Itemid=339\">här</a>.</strong></p>\r\n<p>Beställ därefter aktiveringslicensen inifrån programmet till 25% rabatterat pris genom att skriva in nedanstående kampanjkod i rabattfältet när Du fyller i beställningen.</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" alt=\"46-ticket A13S\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/46-images/46-ticket_A13S.jpg\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Välkommen att prova PC-Horse!</strong></p>\r\n<p>OBS. Erbjudandet gäller endast vid nyköp fram till den 30 april 2013.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>','',0,2,'2013-04-11 12:56:07',62,'','2015-01-12 11:10:59',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2013-04-11 12:56:07','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',4,5,'','',1,0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3459,4122,'Preise in Euro','price-web-de','<table border=\"1\" style=\"height: 260px; border-width: 1px; border-color: #ffffff; width: 100%;\" cellspacing=\"5\" cellpadding=\"5\">\r\n<tbody style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\"><th style=\"background-color: #000000; width: 140px; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Version</span></strong></th><th style=\"background-color: #000000; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Months</span> </strong> </span></th><th style=\"background-color: #000000; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">New license<br /></span> </strong> </span></th><th style=\"background-color: #000000; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Extension *<br /></span> </strong> </span></th></tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/mini.jpg\" alt=\"mini\" width=\"140\" height=\"51\" /></td>\r\n<td style=\"background-color: #c9020e;\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #ffffff;\"><strong>3<br /></strong></span></td>\r\n<td style=\"background-color: #c9020e;\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">9 €<br /></span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n<td style=\"background-color: #c9020e;\" align=\"center\" valign=\"middle\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">9 €<br /></span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/standard.jpg\" alt=\"standard\" width=\"140\" height=\"51\" /></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #ffffff;\"><strong>6<br /></strong></span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">70 <strong>€</strong><br /></span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">50 <strong>€</strong><br /></span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">12<br /></span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">110 <strong>€</strong><br /></span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">90 <strong>€</strong><br /></span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/professional.jpg\" alt=\"professional\" width=\"140\" height=\"51\" /></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #006600;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">12<br /></span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #006600;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">240 <strong>€</strong></span> </strong><br /> </span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #006600;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">150 <strong>€</strong><br /></span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/PCHlogo-Consultant-165px.jpg\" alt=\"PCHlogo-Consultant-165px\" width=\"140\" height=\"56\" /></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #cc6600;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">12<br /></span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #cc6600;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"> 500 <strong>€</strong><br /></span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #cc6600;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">250 <strong>€</strong><br /></span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/PCHlogo-Education.jpg\" alt=\"PCHlogo-Education\" width=\"140\" height=\"53\" /></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #c207f7;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>12<br /> </strong> </span></span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #c207f7;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">550 <strong>€</strong>&nbsp; **<br /></span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #c207f7;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">550 <strong>€</strong></span><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"></span> </strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"></span></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>EURO</strong></span><span class=\"style2\">(from 2012-02-01) </span><span class=\"h1\"><strong>Prices exclusive VAT. No VAT for sales to EU countries</strong><strong><br /></strong></span></p>\r\n<p>Licence costs are calculated based on a fixed basic price for the version, plus a per diem cost for the duration of the license. When ordering you may see minor deviations (1-3%) from the shown price. This&nbsp;relates to the actual number of days in the&nbsp;months your license spans. When you order for the first time we add some extra days to allow you time to get acquainted with PC-Horse. <br />Our server calculates and shows the actual price as soon as you have filled in the order form.</p>\r\n<p>* Any remaining time will be added to a renewal or upgrade.<br />** We are giving special offers for schools and other multi-user environments. <a href=\"mailto:kh@pc-horse.com\">Please contact us.</a></p>','',1,2,'2008-10-29 11:05:58',62,'','2016-03-02 08:26:15',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-10-29 11:05:58','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',10,10,'','',1,2302,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3460,4123,'Prices in the UK (3)','prices-in-the-uk-3','<table border=\"1\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 260px; border-width: 1px; border-color: #ffffff;\" cellspacing=\"5\" cellpadding=\"5\">\r\n<tbody style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\"><th style=\"background-color: #000000; width: 140px; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Version</span></strong></th><th style=\"background-color: #000000; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Months</strong></span></th><th style=\"background-color: #000000; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">New license<br /></span></strong></th><th style=\"background-color: #000000; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Extension *</span></strong></th></tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/mini.jpg\" alt=\"mini\" width=\"140\" height=\"51\" /></td>\r\n<td style=\"background-color: #c9020e;\" align=\"center\" valign=\"center\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #ffffff;\"><strong>3</strong></span></td>\r\n<td style=\"background-color: #c9020e;\" align=\"center\" valign=\"center\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">9 </span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n<td style=\"background-color: #c9020e;\" align=\"center\" valign=\"center\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">9 </span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td rowspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/standard.jpg\" alt=\"standard\" width=\"140\" height=\"51\" /></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #ffffff;\"><strong>6</strong></span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">60<br /></span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">40<br /></span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">12</span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">80<br /></span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">60<br /></span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left; background-color: #ffffff;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/professional.jpg\" alt=\"professional\" width=\"140\" height=\"51\" /></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #006600;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>12</strong></span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #006600;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>200</strong></span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #006600;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>100</strong></span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/consultant.jpg\" alt=\"consultant\" width=\"140\" height=\"51\" /></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #cc6600;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">12</span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #cc6600;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">450</span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #cc6600;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">225</span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/education.jpg\" alt=\"education\" width=\"140\" height=\"51\" /></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #c207f7;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>12 </strong> </span></span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #c207f7;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">500</span></strong></span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #c207f7;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>500</strong></span><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"></span></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p>GBP <span class=\"style2\">(from 2012-01-23) </span><span class=\"h1\"><strong>( Prices excl. VAT. No VAT to EU countries )</strong></span></p>\r\n<p>* Any remaining time will be added to a renewal or upgrade. <br />Licence costs are calculated based on a fixed basic price for the version, plus a per diem cost for the duration of the license. When ordering you may see minor deviations (1-3%) from the shown price. This&nbsp;relates to the actual number of days in the&nbsp;months your license spans. When you order for the first time we add some extra days to allow you time to get acquainted with PC-Horse.</p>\r\n<p>Our server calculates and shows the actual price as soon as you have filled in the order form.<br />** We are giving special offers for schools and other multi-user environments. <a href=\"mailto:kh@pc-horse.com\">Please contact us.</a></p>','',0,2,'2008-10-29 11:05:58',62,'','2016-03-02 08:25:33',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-10-29 11:05:58','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',25,16,'','',1,0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3461,4124,'Karenstider (2)','karenstider79681-2','<p>Det finns flera goda källor att söka på när det gäller karenstider för läkemedel och preparat.</p>\r\n<p>Lägg in varningstider och uppgifter om startförbud för Dina hästar i vår behandlingsmodul som Du har i PRO och KONSULT-versionen av programmet.</p>\r\n<p>Länkar:</p>\r\n<p>Karenstider - <a href=\"http://www.travsport.se/svetfraga?kommando=karensTider\">Travsport</a></p>\r\n<p>Karenstider - <a href=\"http://www.fass.se/LIF/produktfakta/fakta_vet_artikel.jsp?articleID=45843\">FASS<br /></a></p>\r\n<p>Karenstider och doping - <a href=\"http://www2.ridsport.se/t2.aspx?p=349192\">Svenska Ridsportförbundet</a></p>','',1,63,'2010-01-02 12:48:23',62,'','2015-01-12 11:11:41',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2010-01-02 12:48:23','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',1,1,'','',1,165,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3462,4125,'Veterinärbehandling (2)','veterinaerbehandling84689-2','xx','',0,63,'2010-01-02 12:45:06',62,'','2015-01-12 11:11:41',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2010-01-02 12:45:06','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',1,2,'','',1,0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3463,4126,'Hovvård (2)','hovvard93347-2','xx','',0,63,'2010-01-02 12:44:34',62,'','2015-01-12 11:11:41',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2010-01-02 12:44:34','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',2,3,'','',1,0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3464,4127,'Vaccination (v3)','3vaccination-fi','<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Stelkramp:</strong></span></p>\r\n<p>Stelkramp orsakas av en bakterie vid namn Clostridium tetani som finns i miljön och i tarmfloran hos människor och djur.&nbsp; Bakterien följer med smuts in i sår där den producerar ett toxin (gift) som&nbsp;påverkar nervsystemet. Hur snabbt sjukdomsförloppet blir och hur allvarligt drabbad hästen blir avgörs av vilken mängd bakterier/sporer som kommit in och hur långt ifrån det centrala nervsystemet (hjärnan och ryggmärgen) som bakterien kommit in i kroppen.</p>\r\n<p>Symtomen inkluderar stela käkmuskler, stel och styltig gång, framfall av tredje ögonlocket, hästen blir överkänslig för ljud, ljus och beröring. Så småningom får hästen svårt att tugga och svälja och till slut kan den få svårt att resa sig och förbli liggande på sidan med stela ben.</p>\r\n<p>De flesta hästar insjuknar 10-14 dagar efter smittotillfället men i enstaka fall kan inkubationstiden uppgå till flera månader. De flesta hästarna dör inom 5-7 dagar efter att symtomen bryter ut.</p>\r\n<p>Vaccinet ger ett mycket bra skydd mot&nbsp;sjukdomen, dock ej hundraprocentigt. ALLA hästar bör vara stelkrampsvaccinerade. Det dräktiga stoet bör vaccineras ca 4 veckor innan beräknad fölning för att ge fölet optimalt skydd. Fölet skall sedan vaccineras vid 4 månaders ålder och igen 4-6 veckor efter första vaccinationen. En tredje spruta ges vid 1 års ålder. Därefter behöver man endast ge ny vaccination var tredje år. Om hästen får ett djupt sticksår, hovböld eller kastreras rekommenderas dock en extra vaccination.</p>\r\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Hästinfluensa:</span></strong></p>\r\n<p>En mycket smittsam luftvägssjukdom som orsakas av virus. Smittan sprids ofta snabbt i stallet eftersom viruset kan färdas över&nbsp;40 meter i en salivdroppe i luften, efter att en smittad häst hostar. Detta innebär också att hästar i intilliggande hagar kan smittas, eller att en smittbärande häst som rids förbi hagarna kan vara en potentiell smitthärd. Dessutom kan smittan spridas via kontakt med utrustning, en skötares händer/kläder/skor osv. Viruset kan överleva ca 2 dagar i en liten saliv/slemdroppe och upp till 3 dagar i vatten. I torra miljöer t ex i direkt solljus en torr varm sommardag dör viruset snabbare.</p>\r\n<p>Även en vaccinerad häst som inte visar symtom kan vara smittbärare och föra smittan vidare.</p>\r\n<p>Inkubationstiden är upp till 3 dagar och hästen utsöndrar virus från och med sin första febertopp och därefter i upp till 10 dagar . Den är då också smittsam.</p>\r\n<p>Unga ovaccinerade individer drabbas oftast hårdast, med hög feber (upp till ca 41 grader) och klart näsflöde samt ofta torrhosta. I vissa fall kan näsflödet bli tjockt och gult efter några dagar. Hästarna blir hängiga och kan få nedsatt aptit om de har hög feber. Svullna ben och skap är också relativt vanliga symtom. Vaccinerade hästar kan drabbas men får oftast mycket milda symtom. De flesta hästarna tillfrisknar spontant inom ca 10 dagar.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Vaccinationsrutiner enligt SVA (Statens veterinärmedicinska anstalt):</span></p>\r\n<p><em>Grundvaccinering:</em></p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Föl vaccineras&nbsp;vid sex månader&nbsp;om inte stoet&nbsp;varit ovaccinerat, då&nbsp;bör fölet vaccineras&nbsp;redan från 3 månders ålder.</li>\r\n<li>Andra vaccinationen sker därefter inom 1-2 månader.</li>\r\n<li>Tredje vaccinationen 3-6 månader efter den andra.\r\n<p><em>Revaccinering:</em></p>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>Unghästar bör vaccineras varje halvår tills den fyller&nbsp;fyra år.</li>\r\n<li>Tiden mellan vaccinationerna ska inte understiga tre månader.</li>\r\n<li>Från och med&nbsp;fyra års ålder rekommenderas en årlig vaccination.</li>\r\n<li>Avelsston vaccineras årligen.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>Hästar som tävlar inom ridsporten skall vara vaccinerade, se ridsportförbundets hemsida för information. Enligt FEI skall hästar som tävlar internationellt ges en grundvaccination bestående av två sprutor med 1-3 månaders mellanrum, därefter skall hästen vaccineras va 6:e månad.</p>\r\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Botulism:</span></strong></p>\r\n<p>Detta är en dödlig sjukdom som orsakas av bakterien Clostridium botulinum som förekommer i jorden. Bakterien kan under vissa förhållanden bilda sporer och utsöndra ett toxin (gift) som påverkar nervsystemet hos däggdjur. Hästar är mycket känsliga för toxinet och mycket små mängder kan leda till döden. Hästen får i sig toxinet genom att äta till exempel dåligt hösilage. Det är inte ovanligt att små harungar eller sorkar åker med i hösilagebalen under pressningen, eller att jordkokor följer med när höet vänds,&nbsp;när balen sedan plastas uppstår en syrefattig miljö som är idealisk för botulismbakterierna att bilda toxin i.</p>\r\n<p>Hästar som drabbas visar symtom såsom problem att tugga och svälja, muskelsvaghet, stel och eventuellt vinglig gång. Urinblåsan töms inte och hästen kan bli förstoppad. Svansen brukar hänga slapp. En del hästar blir så svaga i muskulaturen att de inte kan hålla upp huvudet eller i vissa fall inte kan resa sig. Tillslut drabbas också andningsmuskulaturen och hästen dör av att den inte kan andas.</p>\r\n<p>Botulismvaccinet Bot Vax B ger ett bra skydd, dock inte hundraprocentigt. Grundvaccinationen består av 3 vaccinationer med 1 månads mellanrum, därefter årlig revaccination. Hästen har ett bra skydd mot sjukdomen ca 2 veckor efter sista sprutan.</p>\r\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Abortvirus:</span></strong></p>\r\n<p>Hästens herpesvirus -1 orsakar infektion som kan orsaka kastning hos dräktiga ston.&nbsp;Hos övriga hästar kan&nbsp;viruset orsaka luftvägsinfektion eller neurologisk sjukdom. Den neurologiska formen av EHV-1 är ovanlig.</p>\r\n<p>Smittan är luftburen och sprids via nysningar/hostningar av luftvägsdrabbade hästar till andra hästars luftvägar. Aborterade foster och fostervätskor/hinnor är också smittsamma. Viruset kan finnas kvar i kroppen vilande och aktiveras vid senare tillfällen t ex vid stress. Ett dräktig sto kan smittas tidigt i dräktigheten och viruset finns sedan kvar i kroppen i vilande form, det kan sedan aktiveras efter flera månader och spridas till fostret där skador uppstår i fostrets organ. Oftast dör fölet och stoet kastar, men i vissa fall kan fölet födas levandemen svagt och kan dö efter några dagar.</p>\r\n<p>Vaccinet ger endast ca 60-70% skydd mot infektionen och ges i 5:e, 7:e och 9:e dräktighetsmånaden.</p>\r\n<p>Artikeln citerad från <a href=\"http://www.hastspecialisten.se\">Leg Veterinär Tove Björkstén</a></p>','',1,63,'2010-01-02 12:26:21',62,'','2018-05-25 10:19:32',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2010-01-02 12:26:21','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,4,'','',1,174,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fi-FI',''),(3465,4128,'Avmaskning (2)','avmaskning56768-2','<p><strong>Som ett led i parasitbekämpning</strong> bör hästar avmaskas vid vissa tillfällen. Årets viktigaste avmaskning är den som ska göras ca 3 dagar före betessläppet (alt. ca 15 maj om man inte släpper på bete). De parasiter som man främst riktar sig mot vid denna avmaskning är lilla och stora blodmasken. Övriga inälvsparasiter som påverkas av avmaskningen är bla springmask, magmask, lilla magmasken och fölmask samt nackbandsmasken. Avmaskning före betessläpp görs för att förhindra eller minska nedsmittning av betet. Därför ska alla hästar på ett bete avmaskas före utsläpp, och de ska maskas samtidigt. Behandlingen ska upprepas med bestämda intervall, beroende på preparatval och hur väl dessa fungerar i besättningen/flocken.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Intervallet mellan behandlingarna kallas ERP</strong>, vilket betyder Egg Reappearence Period. Detta är ett mått på tiden mellan avmaskningstillfället och den tidpunkt då hästarna börjar skilja ut parasitägg med träcken igen. Det är äggen som smittar betet, och larverna kläcks från dessa ägg.<br />ERP är mycket viktig och det är den som styr behandlingsintervallet för de olika preparaten. Man bör använda sig av ett sorts preparat i taget, dvs inte blanda olika sorters preparat under innevarande säsong. Man bör däremot byta preparat mellan åren, så att om man använder ivermectin (Ivomec , Bimectin, Noromectin) under ett eller ett par år, bör man sedan använda pyrantel (Banminth ,Fyrantel). Ett tredje alternativ är moxidectin (Cydectin).<br />ERP för ivermectin är 56 dagar, pyrantel 28 dagar och moxidectin 90 dagar, och det är alltså dessa intervall som gäller vid avmaskning med respektive preparat.</p>\r\n<p>Glöm inte att avmaskning bara är en liten del i parasitbekämpningen! Man kan förebygga smitta på många sätt:</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Hagarna får inte vara för små- då äter hästarna av ratorna och kommer för nära sin avföring.</li>\r\n<li>Skilj på sommar- och vinterhagar!</li>\r\n<li>Utnyttja efterslåtter där det är möjligt.</li>\r\n<li>Dela in betet i mindre fållor och låt hästarna beta en fålla i taget. Låt dem inte gå tillbaka till fålla som redan är betad samma år.</li>\r\n<li>Låt inte hästarna beta ned betet för hårt</li>\r\n<li>Sambete och/eller växelbete med nöt eller får är positivt ur parasitbekämpningssynpunkt.</li>\r\n<li>Plöj upp beten med jämna mellanrum.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>Tänk på att fölen är extra känsliga! Låt dem få det renaste betet!</p>\r\n<p>Denna artikel har vi citerat från Bollerup. Du kan även läsa mer <a href=\"http://hippocampus.slu.se/fragorsvar/arkiv.cfm?Call=fragorsvar&amp;PageAction=1&amp;id=16\">här</a>.<br />Vill du se förteckning över läkemedel för hästar rekommenderas Svensa Ridsportförbundets <a href=\"http://www2.ridsport.se/t2.aspx?p=1415445\">sammanställning</a>.</p>','',1,63,'2010-01-01 12:32:03',62,'','2015-01-12 11:11:41',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2010-01-01 12:32:03','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',2,5,'','',1,161,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3466,4129,'Built-in-expertise','expertise-2','<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span></span><span>PC-Horse is based on a genuine knowledge of horses and horses\' needs. </span><span>Although our estimates and calculations are derived from current scientific knowledge, the horse\'s welfare is always at the centre. </span><span>The more you understand your horse and the more knowledge you have, the more common sense you can apply to the horse and its situation. </span><span>The producers of the PC-Horse program are active in the field of  horses and feeding. </span></span></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span>    <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/17-intelligence.jpg\" alt=\"17 intelligence\" />   <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/18-smarthand.jpg\" alt=\"18 smarthand\" />   <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-7-advice.jpg\" alt=\"00 7 advice\" />   <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-5-veterinarian.jpg\" alt=\"00 5 veterinarian\" /></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span>To make it easier for you we have built in the following help features into the program:<br /><br /></span><span>* Program help - links to the appropriate section in the manual (how the program works)<br /></span><span>* Feed help - advice and guidance on selected nutrients, accessed directly from the  ration screens<br /></span><span>* Worth reading - links to our article database for information on nutrients and norms<br /></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span lang=\"en\"><span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Use the</span> <span class=\"hps\">search assistance</span> (upper right) <span class=\"hps\">to find</span> <span class=\"hps\">things you</span> <span class=\"hps\">are</span> <span class=\"hps\">particularly interested in</span><span>.</span></span><br /></span></span></p>','',1,37,'2008-10-28 17:33:56',62,'','2015-01-28 09:36:49',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-10-28 17:33:56','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',43,7,'','',1,3241,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3467,4130,'Mineralien','mineraler27246-3','<p><strong>Sodium and chloride</strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Sodium and chloride</strong> are secreted intensively into the digestive tract with saliva, pancreatic juice, and intestinal secretions. Up to 99% of the content of these minerals is absorbed in the hind-gut. The gut is not an excretory organ. Any dietary surplus of sodium and chloride is instead excreted in the urine. Dietary potassium passes through the gut wall of the small intestine (65-70%). In the large intestine, potassium may both be absorbed from the gut contents and secreted from the blood into the gut contents.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Calcium </strong>is absorbed in the small intestine. The efficiency of the absorptive process is regulated according to the bodily needs for calcium. Absorption is high when calcium losses are increased, such as during lactation, or when bone mineralization requires large amounts of calcium in young growing horses. Calcium absorption is stimulated by vitamin D and impaired in vitamin D deficiency. </p>\r\n<p><strong>Magnesium </strong>metabolism is much less tightly controlled than calcium metabolism. Magnesium is absorbed more or less proportionately to the magnesium content in the diet. Magnesium surplus is excreted with urine.<strong> </strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Phosphorus </strong>is secreted into the digestive tract with saliva and other digestive juices. In roughage-rich rations the secretion of phosphorus with the digestive juices may exceed the dietary intake of phosphorus. In such cases it is first in the hind-gut that there is net absorption of phosphorus. In low-fibre rations, the secretory loss of phosphorus to the intestine is smaller, and net absorption takes place in the small intestine. Calcium is absorbed only in the small intestine, while phosphorus can be  absorbed both in the small intestine and the hind-gut. too high phosphorus contents relative to calcium may reduce calcium absorption in the small intestine, and thus cause secondary calcium deficiency. Phosphorus is less influenced by the calcium content of the diet.  </p>','',1,11,'2008-09-09 11:55:12',62,'','2015-02-25 09:34:21',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-09 11:55:12','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',15,34,'','',1,1699,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3468,4131,'Research on horses (2)','haestforskning31573-3','<p><br /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/cavepainting2.png\" alt=\"cavepainting2\" width=\"150\" height=\"125\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/eng_fullblod.png\" alt=\"eng_fullblod\" width=\"150\" height=\"125\" /></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span>The modern horse has much in common with the old horse. </span><span>Its anatomy and digestive system is very functional. </span><span>Modern research builds on the old well-established knowledge but with the help of modern technology you can now better identify and document the processes in the horse\'s digestive system.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/911 dag A.jpg\" alt=\"911 dag A\" width=\"75\" height=\"100\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Dag Austbø. </strong>Professor in animal nutrition with horses as a speciality. Dag has been an active researcher in horse nutrition during the last 20 years, and teaches horse nutrition at the Norwegian life science university. He is a member of the \"Horse nutrition group\" in the European Association for Animal Production (EAAP), and has a broad international network.</p>','',1,11,'2008-09-09 12:21:21',62,'','2015-01-12 11:13:10',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-09 12:21:21','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',10,68,'','',1,160,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3469,4132,'Magen','the-stomach-of-the-horse-3','<p>The stomach is adapted to a continuous feed intake, and has a comparatively small volume (15-20 litre for a medium sized, 500 kg, horse). The stomach can be subdivided into three main parts:<br /><br />1. The oesophageal part which has no glands<br />2. The fundic part which has glands producing hydrochloric acid, enzymes and mucus<br />3. The pyloric part which has gland-producing mucus<br /><br />The oesophageal part of the stomach usually has a high concentration of microbes (up to 1000 millions per gram). These ferment (break down) ingested feeds. The high temperature in the stomach, and the liquids which are mixed into the feed during chewing together with the neutral or moderately acidic pH provides an excellent environment for bacteria. (This part of the stomach is also inhabited by the bots fly larvae (Gastrophilus) which lives and overwinters in the stomach of the horse. When fully grown, the 1-2 cm long larvae are passed with faeces, pupate in the soil and emerge as flies which lay their yellow eggs on the legs of the horse.)<br /><br />This microbial activity leads to a partial digestion of carbohydrates and sugars, and begins the hydrolysis of soluble proteins. The fermentation produces lactic acid, short-chain fatty acids, and some carbon dioxide gas. Gas is potentially harmful because the horse has a poor ability to expel it from the stomach. <br /><br />Fermentation stops as the gastric contents gradually become acidified by the fundic secretions which contain pepsin, a protein-cleaving enzyme, and hydrochloric acid which rapidly reduces the pH of the ingested feed to between 2 and 3. It is in the pyloric part of the stomach (the lower half) that the muscles in the wall first produce sufficiently strong contractions to mix the contents fully. In horses fed infrequent, large meals, gas production and over distension of the stomach can become a problem. Horses should therefore be fed many small meals, particularly when they are exercised heavily and need large quantities of hard feed. <br /><br />In the horse\'s stomach, the only breakdown of carbohydrates, such as starch, occurs as a result of microbial fermentation since the stomach does not produce any carbohydrate- or fat-digesting enzymes. <br /><br />The secretion of hydrochloric acid is regulated by the hormone gastrin in a negative feedback manner. Increased secretion of gastrin leads to increased concentrations of HCl in the stomach, which in turn reduces the secretion of gastrin. The secretion of gastrin is primarily stimulated by the presence of food in the stomach through specific receptors in the stomach wall which react to being stretched and to chemical substances such as amino acids in the feed. The lower section of the stomach is the pyloric part where glands produce mucus which lubricate the digesta. <br /><br />The stomach starts to empty its contents into the small intestine whilst the horse is still eating. Stomach contents with a dry matter percentage below 18% will pass rapidly, and may overtake fibrous contents by following the small curvature of the stomach towards the pylorus. Generally, fibre-rich diets will remain longer in the stomach. Proper mixing of the feed with digestive juices is necessary for normal digestion. Failure in mixing may be caused by: <br /><br />- Too few gastric secretions, often resulting from too much physical or psychological stress soon after feeding.<br />- The feed being consumed too rapidly (the horse is too hungry)<br />- Too much feed being given (in particular concentrates and grains)<br />- Concentrates containing cooked (micronized) wheat or rye-starch which may prevent the hydrochloric acid from sufficiently reducing the pH of the gastric contents to stop microbial fermentation, resulting in excessive gas formation, stomach dilatation and colic.</p>','',1,11,'2008-09-09 12:44:08',62,'','2015-02-25 09:34:43',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-09 12:44:08','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',9,87,'','',1,1857,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3470,4133,'Speichel','saliv88143-3','<p>During chewing, feed is mixed with saliva, which is secreted in copious amounts (Table 4). Horses may secrete 40-90 ml saliva per minute, ponies comparatively less (20-60 ml). The jaw movements, and the taste and the smell of feed stimulate salivary secretion. The structure of the feed will affect the amounts of saliva which are produced. Both the chewing time and salivary secretion are much greater when roughages are fed because of their much higher fibre content (Table 4). <br /><br /><strong>Salivary secretion whilst chewing different feeds:</strong><br /><br /></p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 264px; height: 108px;\" border=\"1\">\r\n<tbody style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Feed type</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Saliva production</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Hay and straw</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">3 - 4</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Concentrate</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">1</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Grass</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">1</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><br />The saliva of horses does not contain digestive enzymes, but provides minerals and a buffer (sodium bicarbonate) which neutralises acids produced during the fermentation of carbohydrates which may occur in the upper part of the stomach.<br />Saliva is required for lubricating food before it is swallowed. When eating, balls of saliva and food of between 30 and 70 grams form, these are swallowed about every 30 seconds. The dry matter content of these balls varies with the type of feed and the chewing time. Typical values for concentrates are 40-50% and for roughage 20-30% (Meyer 1986).</p>','',1,11,'2008-09-09 12:50:02',62,'','2015-02-25 09:35:03',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-09 12:50:02','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,102,'','',1,1636,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3471,4134,'Dünndarm','the-small-intestine-3','<p>The small intestine of an average sized horse (450 kg) is about 20 metres long. It is anatomically divided into 3 segments: <br /><br /><strong>Duodenum </strong>- the first 1-1.5 meters. The bile duct and pancreatic duct empty their contents into the duodenum at the junction with the jejunum.<br /><strong>Jejunum </strong>- the middle part of the intestine (&gt; 80% of the length). The wall of the jejunum has an abundance of digestive glands that secrete enzymes and buffers into the lumen. The jejunum has a large absorptive surface, and is the major site for the absorption of nutrients including vitamins and minerals.<br /><strong>Ileum</strong> - the final 1-2 meters of the small intestine. The ileum\'s structure and function is much like that of the jejunum.<br /><br />The horse has no gall bladder. The bile, which is produced by the liver, is therefore secreted continuously into the small intestine. Bile solids (phospholipids and bile salts) help in the emulsification of fat, and are a pre-requisite for lipid digestion. The pancreas secretes a bicarbonate-rich fluid which neutralises the acidic contents of the stomach digesta. Gastric contents are neutralised within a few metres of their emergence into the small intestine. The pancreas also secretes enzymes that hydrolyse proteins (trypsin), fats (lipase) and starch (amylase). Enzymes secreted by the glands of the intestinal wall continue to digest end products from pancreatic enzyme reactions into small components that can be absorbed by the cells of the intestinal epithelium. <br /><br />The transport velocity through the small intestine is approximately 20 cm per minute, thus giving the small intestine about 1.5 hours to digest the feed and extract nutrients. In the last part of the ileum the digesta accumulates before it is squirted under pressure into the large intestine at the junction between the colon and the caecum. Emptying of the ileum appears to take place 3-6 times per hour, and delivers 0.2 to 1.5 litres of intestinal contents to the hind-gut at a time. <br /><br />The digestive secretions increase the water content of the digesta until it has the consistency of a thick soup that can be propelled through the long and curving intestine. At the terminal ileum the water content is about 96% (4% dry matter) on a roughage diet, and in the range 90% to 96% on diets with a greater proportion of grains and commercial concentrates.</p>','',1,11,'2008-09-09 12:53:42',62,'','2015-02-25 09:35:39',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-09 12:53:42','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,95,'','',1,1561,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3472,4135,'Dickdarm','hind-gut-3','<p>The horse is technically referred to as a hind-gut fermenter. Herbivores which are hind-gut fermenters are characterised by the development of one or more large fermentation chambers in the distal parts of their digestive tract. In the horse both the caecum and the colon are used as fermentation chambers. <br /><br />The caecum is a blind sac starting at the point where the ileum empties into the hind-gut. It is about 1 m long and contains, in an average-sized horse, 30 litres of digesta. The colon has a complex anatomy and passes in a double horseshoe-like fashion from the junction with the caecum towards the liver in the foremost part of the abdominal cavity. Next it continuesto the pelvic flexure at the rear of the abdominal cavity, then forward again to empty finally into the rectum.</p>\r\n<p>The fermentation chambers have dense population of microbes (bacteria and protozoa, Table 5) which digest fibrous carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemicellulose and pectines none of which are broken down in the small intestines. The horse, like all other plant-eating animals, depends on microbial enzymes to extract the energy from these fibrous carbohydrates. No digestion of cellulose could take place in a sterile hind-gut. <br /><br /><strong>pH, ammonia concentration, and number of microbes in the digesta in different parts of the digestive tract of a horse on a hay ration :</strong></p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 453px; height: 160px;\" border=\"1\">\r\n<tbody style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Small intestine</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Caecum</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Colon</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">pH</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">7.4</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">6.6</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">6.6</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">pH</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">52</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">29</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">54</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Ammonia-N, mg/l</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">36</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">492</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">363</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Bacteria/gram x 10E+6</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">0.9</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">2.6</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">21.4</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">E. Coli/ gram x 10E+6</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">0</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">5600</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">0</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Protozoa/ gram</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><br />The concentration of microbes in the hind-gut of the horse is approximately the same as that found in ruminant stomachs. The activity and number of microbes are strongly dependent on the nutrients which reach the hind-gut with the ileal contents, the passage rate, and the buffering capacity of the glands of the intestinal wall. Efficient microbial growth depends on an adequate supply of nitrogen (as protein, amino acids or ammonium ions). A certain amount of readily fermentable carbohydrates (starch and monosaccharides) will speed up bacterial growth and protein synthesis. <br /><br />Short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate, lactate and butyrate) which are produced by bacteria during fibre digestion are absorbed into the blood stream and utilised as energy sources by the horse. The bacteria also synthesise large quantities of water soluble vitamins of the B-complex (Table 6), but the extent to which these are absorbed is not known. However, horses with a normal workload do not experience vitamin B or C deficiencies. Horses which are used for hard exercise or endurance competitions are often treated with extra vitamins, although no exact requirements for these vitamins has been given in the international literature.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Concentrations of B-vitamins in feeds and intestinal contents in mg/kg of dry matter</strong></p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 492px; height: 212px;\" border=\"1\">\r\n<tbody style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Vitamin</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Feed</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Caecum</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Colon Start</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Colon End</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">B1</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">1.1</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">7.1</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">7.8</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">7.8</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">B2</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">0.4</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">7.0</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">9.2</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">12.2</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">B6</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">0.2</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">2.4</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">6.1</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">6.2</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Nicotinic acid</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">3.0</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">121.0</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">96.0</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">119.0</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Pantothenic acid</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">0.8</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">39.2</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">34.4</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">20.5</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Biotin</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">0.01</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">0.2</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">3.8</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">2.3</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Folic acid</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">0.1</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">3.0</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">4.7</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<p>2.7</p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><br />In the second half of the digestive tract the faeces gradually dries due to the absorption of water and ions.</p>','',1,11,'2008-09-09 12:55:59',62,'','2015-02-25 09:36:01',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-09 12:55:59','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',10,77,'','',1,1723,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3473,4136,'Wasser & Elektrolyte','water-and-electrolytes-2','<p>Large amounts of water and electrolytes are exchanged daily between the contents of the gastrointestinal tract and the blood. The amount of water secreted into the gastrointestinal tract is 15-20 litres per 100 kg of body weight per day (Table 9).This fluid contains high concentrations of sodium and chloride, but efficient absorption mechanisms in the small and large intestines effectively re-absorb both water and minerals back to the blood. The ingestion of 1 kg of dry matter as hay or straw requires the secretion of 12-14 litres of water while 1 kg of concentrate requires only 7 litres. <br /><br /><strong>Flows of liquid and electrolytes in the gut of the horse:</strong><br /><br /></p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 394px; height: 169px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Secretion</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"65%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">kg / 100 kg body weight / day</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Saliva</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"65%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">3 - 4</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Gastic juice</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"65%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">1-2</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Pancreatic juice</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"65%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">6 - 10</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Bile</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"65%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">3</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Intestinal secretions</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"65%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">2 - 4</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Total</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"65%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">15 - 20</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p class=\"Bildtext\"><strong><br />Daily flow of liquid and electrolytes from the small to the large inte</strong><strong>stine:</strong></p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 581px; height: 151px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Diet</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Water kg</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Sodium g</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Chloride g</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">10 kg Hay</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">110</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">360</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">190</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">5 kg Hay + 3 kg concentrate</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">75</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">250</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">130</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">4 kg straw + 5 kg concentrate</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">85</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">280</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">145</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p>In the large intestine 70-90% of secreted water is re-absorbed, depending upon the rate of passage of the intestinal digesta and the water-binding capacity of the undigested parts of the feed. The highest loss of water with faeces occurs on roughage diets. Sodium and chloride absorption in caecum and colon provided the osmotic potential to facilitate water resorption - osmosis. When the dietary supply of salt is marginal compared to requirements, the horse can absorb as much as 99% of these minerals from the faeces. It is the kidneys, and not the gut, which regulate the body stores of minerals such as sodium, potassium and chloride. <br /><br />Potassium is absorbed in the small intestine (65-70%) and may be absorbed or secreted in the hind-gut depending on mineral status. <br /><br />Calcium is absorbed in the first part of the small intestine where the gut contents are acidic, while phosphorus is absorbed in the middle and terminal parts of the small intestine. Both minerals are secreted into the digestive tract by saliva and gastric and intestinal juices. Absorption is controlled homeostatically, and vitamin D takes part in the regulation of both calcium and phosphorus absorption. Absorption of these minerals from the hind-gut is negligible.</p>','',1,11,'2008-10-29 19:58:55',62,'','2015-02-25 09:34:03',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-10-29 19:58:55','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',6,9,'','',1,1580,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3474,4137,'Proteins','protein-digestion-2','<p>The digestion of proteins starts in the stomach, and is continued in the intestine by the pancreatic enzymes. The proteins need to be broken down to their building blocks, the amino acids, before they can be absorbed and utilised. <br /><br />When the digesta reaches the end of the small intestine approximately 2/3 of the digestible protein from grains and protein supplements will have been absorbed compared with only 1/3 of that in roughage. In addition to undigested feed nitrogen, the contents of the ileum also contain nitrogen of endogenous origin, i.e. nitrogen which is derived from blood urea, secreted in to the digestive tract, and from sloughed epithelial cells. <br /><br />Bacteria inhabiting the hind gut have a short life, just a few hours. All bacteria and protozoa are continuously transported with the digesta towards the anus. Only bacteria which have a high rate of multiplication (or mechanisms for attachment to the gut wall) will therefore be able to live in the large intestines for extended periods of time. The bacteria require nitrogenous compounds for the production of amino acids which are integral components of their enzymes and structural proteins. Nitrogen-containing compounds which enter the hind-gut will be broken down by microbial enzymes to amino acids or further degraded to ammonia. Both amino acids and ammonia are utilised by the same types of bacteria in the production of bacterial proteins. In contrast to ruminants, horses are not able to utilise bacterial proteins, since the absorption of amino acids in the hind-gut, where the microbial amino acids are located, is negligible. Ammonia formed from microbial proteins is nevertheless recycled to the gut as urea, and may provide a significant nitrogen source to horses that are fed diets low in nitrogen. As a consequence of their ability to synthesise amino acids from ammonia, bacteria significantly change the amino acid composition of the digesta (table 8)<br /><br /><strong>Content of amino acids in feed, caecal content and in microbes from the caecum of horses.</strong> <br /><br />Concentrations of each amino acid given in % of total amino acids (molar concentrations):</p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 602px; height: 186px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"37%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Amino acid</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Feed</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">Contents</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"20%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Bacteria</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"37%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Lysine</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">3.13</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">5.82</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"20%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">7.06</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"37%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Treonine</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">4.28</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">5.37</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"20%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">6.70</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"37%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Isoleucine</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">3.84</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">4.61</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"20%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">5.49</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"37%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Methionine</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">1.37</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">1.43</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"20%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">1.72</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"37%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Alanine</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">8.47</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">13.60</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style1\" valign=\"top\" width=\"20%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">10.70</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p class=\"Fetstilsvart\"> </p>\r\n<p class=\"Fetstilsvart\"> </p>','',1,11,'2008-10-29 19:57:14',62,'','2015-01-16 12:51:48',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-10-29 19:57:14','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',8,17,'','',1,1661,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3475,4138,'Verdauung','the-digestive-system-of-the-horse-2','<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-10-foal.jpg\" alt=\"00-10-foal\" width=\"150\" height=\"100\" /></p>\r\n<p>The horse is a single-stomached animal that shares with the ruminants (cattle, sheep and deer) the ability to digest fibrous plant materials. The stomach is small, and the fermentation chamber is in the hind guts. The horse is thus classified as a hind gut fermenter. Some basic information on the physiology of the equine digestive system is given in  the table below.<br /><br /><strong>Length, volume and passage time through different parts of the digestive tract of a 500 kg horse</strong></p>\r\n<center>\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\" align=\"left\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p align=\"left\"> </p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">Length in meters</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">Maximal capacity in litres</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"24%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">Passage-time</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">Pharynyx</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">Up to 1.5</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\">\r\n<p align=\"left\"> </p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"24%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">10 - 15 seconds</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">Stomach</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">-----</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">18*</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"24%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">1 - 5 hours</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">Small intestine</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">16 - 24</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">64</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"24%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">1.5 hours</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">Caecum</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">1</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">34</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"24%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">7 - 15 hours</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">Colon</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">6 - 8</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">96</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"24%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">8 - 16 hours</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">Rectum</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">0.2 - 0.3</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">---</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"24%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">1 - 2 hours</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\" height=\"20\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">TOTAL</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\" height=\"20\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">---</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\" height=\"20\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">---</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"24%\" height=\"20\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"left\">20 - 30 hours</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n</center>\r\n<p><span class=\"Bildtext\">*Normal volume about 1/3 of maximal capacity</span></p>','',1,11,'2008-10-29 19:44:03',62,'','2015-02-25 09:32:12',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-10-29 19:44:03','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',15,28,'','',1,1775,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3476,4139,'Maulhöhle','mouth-cavity-2','<p>The horse has strong, sensitive and highly moveable lips. Grass and other vegetation is cut using the front teeth, and the lips and the tongue are used to collect and ingest feed. Horses are highly selective grazers and can efficiently avoid unpalatable or indigestible herbage. Ingested food is ground between the large enamelled surfaces of the cheek teeth (premolars and molars). Horses chew on one side of the mouth at a time; large horses chewing 60-80 times per minute. The time spent eating varies greatly depending on the structure of the feed. Ponies usually take more time to consume their feed than larger horses. The time taken to consume 1 kg of oats or pelleted concentrate is about 10 min and 1 kg hay is usually consumed in 40-50 min. However, there is a large variation between individual horses. Table 2 gives estimates of consumption for rations with different proportions of grains and roughage. If rations are consumed too quickly, bad habits such as excessive licking, crib biting, and eating dung may develop. <br /><br /><strong>Consumption time of different rations (min/kg feed)</strong> </p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 429px; height: 375px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"48%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Type of feed</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Large horses</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Ponies</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"48%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Hay</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">40</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">80</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"48%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Straw</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">40 - 60</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">100</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"48%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Oats, whole or crushed</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">10</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">40</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"48%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Concentrate (non-pelleted)</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">20</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">30</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"48%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\">Pelleted concentrates</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">10</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">40</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p>It is commonly recommended that horses are fed at least 0.5 kg of roughage dry matter (hay, haylage or straw) per 100 kg of body weight. Normal diets usually contain more roughage than this minimal amount. The chewing process grinds the feed between the molars in the upper and lower jaws, and reduces the particle size to about 2 mm diameter and 1-4 mm length. Young grasses are more juicy and may be swallowed before the particle size has been reduced by this much. Thorough grinding of the fibrous parts of the diet is required to ensure the passage of the digesta through the alimentary canal. Chopped roughages with a particle length shorter than 2 cm may not be chewed sufficiently, and this may cause colic. <br />For a horse with normal teeth there is usually no problem with chewing grains or pelleted concentrates It is recommended that teeth are inspected and if necessary rasped twice a year to prevent protruding edges which may bruise or cut the epithelium of the cheeks (upper jaws) or the tongue (lower jaw). Young horses may periodically experience problems with chewing when milk teeth have been lost and permanent teeth are emerging. Bad teeth result in reduced consumption, chewing rates and digestion. The periods when teeth are lost or emerge are shown in Table 3.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Age at which teeth are lost or emerge in the horse:</strong></p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 477px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Tooth</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Change</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"41%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Type</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">I1</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">2 ½ years</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"41%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Front</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">I2</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">3 ½ years</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"41%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Front</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">I3</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">4 ½ years</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"41%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Front</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">p1</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">2 ½ years</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"41%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Premolar</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">p2</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">2 ½ years</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"41%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Premolar</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">M1</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">6 - 9 months</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"41%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Molar</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">M2</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">2 - 2 ½ years</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"41%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Molar</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"22%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">M3</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">3 ½ - 4 ½ years</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"41%\">\r\n<p class=\"style3\" align=\"center\">Molar</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><em>Premolars (P) and molars (M) are the cheek teeth of the horse and are the teeth that need to be rasped. Incisors (I) are the front teeth.</em></p>','',1,11,'2008-10-29 19:27:48',62,'','2015-02-25 09:36:25',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-10-29 19:27:48','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',8,45,'','',1,1697,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3477,4140,'Kohlenhydrate','carbohydrates-in-the-horse-2','<p><strong>Digestion of carbohydrates (sugar, starch, cellulose and other fibres) </strong>- Soluble sugars are broken down and absorbed in the small intestine. Monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose will be absorbed directly by the intestinal cells. Disaccharide\'s and starch will be hydrolysed by the enzymes in the small intestine (amylase and various disaccharidases) before absorption. The small intestine has a large capacity for absorption of simple sugars and starch. The cleavage of common dietary carbohydrates leads to monosaccharides which can be absorbed (glucose, fructose and galactose) according to the following general scheme:<br /><br />Sugar (Sucrose) -&gt; glucose + fructose<br />Milk sugar (Lactose) -&gt; glucose + galactose<br />Maltose -&gt; glucose<br />Starch -&gt; maltose -&gt; glucose<br /><br />Young foals cannot digest sucrose in larger quantities until about 7 months of age. Lactose, which is the natural sugar in milk, is digested well until weaning, and then the production of the lactase enzyme which is required for the cleavage of lactose is gradually reduced. At 2 years of age the activity is so low that large quantities of milk should not be fed. Small amounts of lactose can nevertheless be fed to adult horses. It will pass unchanged to the hind-gut, where it will provide a source of energy for the microbes. Larger amounts will invariably upset digestion and may lead to diarrhoea. <br /><br />A major part of the starch will be broken down to glucose by the enzymes in the small intestine and absorbed. Variation exists however, depending on the type of starch and the amounts fed per meal. More than 95% of the starch in oats and barley is absorbed in the small intestine and about 80% of the starch from maize. Potato starch is much less digestible and will be transported in significant quantities to the hind-gut where it is fermented. When large meals of concentrates are fed, significant amounts of starch reach the hind-gut and undergo fermentation. The energy is absorbed as short-chain fatty acids, but only after a substantial part of the energy is lost as gas and as feed for the micro-organisms. <br /><br />The horse does not produce enzymes which can break down complex, so called structural plant carbohydrates like cellulose, hemicellulose, pectines and pentosanes. These compounds pass through the small intestine, and will first be digested by microbes in the hind-gut. The end products of this fermentation are the short-chain fatty acids: <br /><br />Acetic acid (C2) Propionic acid (C3), Lactic acid (C3, usually formed in smaller quantities) Butyric acid (C4). <br /><br />When the diet contains little or no concentrate, acetic acid will represent a major part of the energy which is absorbed from the gut. Butyric acid will also be used in energy metabolism and to produce tissue fats. In addition to these uses, propionic acid is metabolised to glucose and provides an important component of the horses\' blood glucose. <br /><br />The concentrations of the short-chain fatty acids vary with the feed types and the time after feeding. The ratio between the concentration of these acids in the caecum varies in such a way that high roughage diets will give a high acetate concentration relative to propionate, while high grain diets will favour production of propionate over acetate. In the colon the ratio between the acids is less influenced by the type of feeds given. <br /><br />The acids which are produced lower the pH of the contents in the hind-gut. A pH in the range between 6.6 and 7.5 is maintained by the numerous glands in all of the hind-gut walls which secrete a bicarbonate rich (alkaline) fluid. A diet with little roughage and large proportions of concentrates may ferment too rapidly producing lactic acid and causing the pH in the hind-gut to drop below normal (lactic acid is more acidic than propionate, acetate and butyrate). A low pH in the hind-gut can be detrimental to fibre-digesting microbes that are less tolerant to a low pH than the starch digesting species. In such situations, gas formation is increased, resulting in gas accumulation and possibly colic. <br /><br />Diets containing poor quality roughage with a low nitrogen content can starve the microbes to such an extent that low digestive efficiency may result. Mixed rations with some starchy material therefore also benefits fibre digestion by providing a readily available energy source for the microbes.<br /><br />Ratio between short-chain fatty acids in caecum and colon of animals fed diets with different roughage to concentrate ratios:</p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 599px; height: 238px;\" border=\"1\">\r\n<tbody style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Hay: Concentrate</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Acetic%</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Propionic%</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Butyric%</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" colspan=\"4\">Caecum</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">1:0</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">76.2</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">14.8</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">8.0</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">3:2</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">70.4</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">21.2</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">7.2</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">1:4</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">61.2</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">26.0</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">10.2</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" colspan=\"4\">Colon</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">1:0</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">69.5</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">16.2</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">7.6</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">3:2</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">68.2</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">15.0</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">8.8</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">1:4</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">67.0</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">17.0</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">9.0</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>','',1,11,'2008-09-09 10:15:04',62,'','2015-02-25 09:33:06',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-09 10:15:04','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',8,49,'','',1,1747,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3478,4141,'Fett','fats-in-the-horse-2','<p>Fats are nearly completely utilised as they are usually more than 90% digestible. Both fatty acids and glycerol are predominantly absorbed in the jejunum and ileum. When large concentrations of fat are included in the diet e.g. of horses used for long distance riding, it is important to restrict the amounts so that the digestive capacity of the small intestine is not exceeded, since long-chain fatty acids (C16, C18 and above) are not absorbed in the hind gut. Excess fats which are transferred to the hind gut may reduce the digestion of fibrous carbohydrate. It is therefore strongly recommended to divide larger quantities of fats (vegetable oils at the rate of 0.5 litre or more per day) over several meals during the day. <br /><br />Carbohydrates are fermented by microbes to short-chain fatty acids which are then absorbed in the caecum and colon. Fats cannot form glucose in the body of the horse, but must be utilised directly as an energy source or stored temporarily in the fat depots for later use. Because fats are not transformed into carbohydrate and stored as glycogen in the muscles, they are beneficial for horses that are prone to myoglobinuria and benefit from a larger proportion of their energy requirements being given as fats. Both myoglobinuria and some other muscle problems are related to the accumulation of large deposits of glycogen in the muscles. In particular, horses that are receiving large amounts of grains or commercial concentrates are prone to contracting myoglobinuria when exercise levels are reduced for several consecutive days without restricting their intake.</p>','',1,11,'2008-09-09 10:14:01',62,'','2015-02-25 09:33:33',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-09 10:14:01','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,56,'','',1,1654,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3479,4142,'Mikromineralien','microminerals-4','<p>The requirements for microminerals are expressed as milligram per kg dry matter in the ration by NRC-2007. This is related to certain standard rations as defined by the NRC. In PC-Horse we have added a safety margin to the net requirements given by NRC. This allows us also to calculate the requirements without having to to take particular standard rations into account.</p>','',0,9,'2008-09-11 08:42:04',62,'','2015-02-25 09:39:26',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:42:04','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,2,'','',1,415,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3480,4143,'Makromineralien','makromineraler43240-4','<p>NRC gives formulas for calculation of the requirements for calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K). The roughages and concentrates which are used in regular horse feeding contain sufficient potassium to prevent deficiency occuring. We will from 2012 nevertheless include potassium  in the analyses of nutrients in the feeds shown in PC-Horse, since K is an important cation which is required for calculation of the cation-anion balance of a ration.</p>\r\n<p>Calculations of mineral requirements for maintenance are generally based on endogenous losses and the efficiency of absorption of the nutrient in question. For exercising horses, mineral requirements are related to energy requirements. In addition, for young horses the formulae contain a component which relates mineral requirement to kg weight gain. </p>','',1,9,'2008-09-11 08:20:32',62,'','2015-02-25 09:36:51',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:20:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,3,'','',1,1655,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3481,4144,'Nutrient ratios (3)','quotas46047-3','<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"medium_text\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"I PC-Horse redovisas viktiga kvoter när det gäller näringsämnen.\">PC-Horse reports contain ratios for relevant nutrients and we receive m</span></span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"medium_text\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Många efterlyser råd om vad som bör vara ett önskvärda kvoter.\">any requests for advice on determining desirable intervals for those ratios. </span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Nedan redovisar vi en sammaställning gjord av Dr Dag Austbø.\">Tables below are compiled by Dr. Dag Austbø, who is </span></span>Professor in animal nutrition with horses as a speciality<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"medium_text\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Nedan redovisar vi en sammaställning gjord av Dr Dag Austbø.\">.<br /><br /></span></span><strong>Units:</strong><br />Energy: MJ digestible energy (MJ DE)<br />Protein: Crude protein (CP)<br />Ca: Calcium<br />P : Phosphorus<br /><br /><strong>Comments:</strong> <br />● CP/MJ ratio should not be below the recommended values. Moderately higher values do not normally represent a problem.<br />● Ca/P ratio should not be below the recommended values and not be higher than 2,0. *The high recommended ratio for Light Work is meant for horses that come into training from a maintenance or convalescent state.</p>\r\n<p><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\"><span style=\"background-color: #ebeff9;\" title=\"Rekommenderade värden i UK och Irland:\">Recommended values:<br /></span></span></strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\"><span style=\"background-color: #ebeff9;\" title=\"Rekommenderade värden i UK och Irland:\">MJ digestible energy /DE), Crude protein (CP)</span></span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\"><span style=\"background-color: #ebeff9;\" title=\"Rekommenderade värden i UK och Irland:\"></span></span></p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 522px; border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" sizset=\"0\" sizcache=\"2\"><colgroup> <col style=\"width: 68pt;\" width=\"90\"> <col style=\"width: 165pt;\" width=\"220\"> <col style=\"width: 60pt;\" span=\"2\" width=\"80\"> <col style=\"width: 39pt;\" width=\"52\"></colgroup>\r\n<tbody sizset=\"0\" sizcache=\"2\">\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15pt; width: 293pt;\" height=\"20\" width=\"390\" colspan=\"3\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"></span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 60pt;\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"80\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"></span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 39pt;\" class=\"xl66\" width=\"52\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15pt;\" class=\"xl65\" height=\"20\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Category</span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Type</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl66\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">CP/MJ</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl66\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Ca/P</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl66\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Zn/Cu</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Maintenance</span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Minimum</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">8,5</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1,4</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl68\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">4</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Maintenance</span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Elevated</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">9,5</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1,4</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl68\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">4</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Working</span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Light</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">8,4</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1,7</span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\" class=\"font5\">*</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl68\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">4</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Working</span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Heavy</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">7,0</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1,4</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl68\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">4</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Pregnant</span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">8 months</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">9,8</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1,4</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl68\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">4</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Pregnant</span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">11 months</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">10,0</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1,4</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl68\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">3</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Lactating</span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1 month</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">11,6</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1,5</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl68\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">4</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Lactating</span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">3 months</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">11,5</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1,6</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl68\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">4</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Growing</span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">4 months</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">12,0</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1,8</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl68\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">4</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Growing</span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">6 months</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">10,4</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1,8</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl68\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">4</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Growing</span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">12 months</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">10,8</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1,8</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl68\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">4</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Growing</span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">18 months</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">9,9</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1,8</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl68\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">4</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Growing</span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">18 months, moderate exercise</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">8,7</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1,8</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl68\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">4</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\">\r\n<td style=\"height: 15pt;\" height=\"20\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Growing</span></td>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">24 months, moderate exercise </span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">8,6</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl67\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">1,8</span></td>\r\n<td class=\"xl68\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">4</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>','',1,9,'2010-01-13 13:24:26',62,'','2015-01-12 11:14:27',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2010-01-13 13:24:26','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',13,27,'','',1,156,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3482,4145,'Normen & Bedarf','overview-3','<p>A number of systems exist to calculate the requirements for nutrients and energy of  different categories of horse. Not only are the predominant breeds and the climates they live in different, but the way nutritionists express their requirements also differs greatly. This can be confusing to the horse owner interested in trying to calculate the requirements of energy, protein and minerals for his/her horse, especially when trying to compare requirements across national borders or to communicate standards of energy and protein requirements under circumstances where the basis for the calculation of requirements differs. Different methods may also express the same requirement in different ways and with different units. For example: requirements of energy may be expressed as <em>digestible energy</em>, metabolisable energy or net energy, and even more confusingly, the units of energy themselves may be expressed in <em>Megacalories (MCal)</em>, <em>Megajoules (MJ)</em> or <em>Feed units</em>.</p>\r\n<p>The rules (equations) for the calculation of energy requirements are derived from large-scale digestive trials with horses and other farm animals. Fortunately, it is possible to interconvert requirements expressed as digestible, metabolisable or net energy terms from one to the other, and to re-calculate from megacalories into feed units or megajoules.</p>\r\n<p>The PC-Horse program allows the user to select between the two most important systems presently used throughout the world to calculate protein and energy requirements: <br /><br />1: The \"European standard\" is based on the system for energy and protein requirements for horses developed in France over the last 20 years, and further adjusted by the Dutch. This system is presently recommended by a Nordic group of scientists as a common standard for the Nordic countries. The \"European standard\" is the default choice for versions of the PC-Horse program compiled for sale in European countries. Apart from energy and protein, PC-Horse uses the NRC system (see below) for minerals and vitamins. <br /><br />2: The National Research Council recommendations (NRC 2007) are developed in the USA and used in many other countries worldwide. The NRC system expresses protein requirements as crude protein.</p>\r\n<p>In the European countries we have chosen to express the requirements for protein as digestible protein, which is a more biologically relevant entity than crude protein, since the latter only takes into account the nitrogen content of the ration. PC-Horse  is delivered to license-holders with feed lists that are matched to their corresponding energy and protein calculations. In the Consultant version, you may re-calculate the nutrient concentrations among the two systems. When importing feeds into PC-Horse, it is important for the user to ascertain that feed analyses and nutrient requirements are expressed in the same units.</p>\r\n<p>For more information on the units that PC-Horse is using, see the \"configure page\" of the program.</p>\r\n<p><strong> </strong></p>','',1,9,'2008-10-30 10:01:25',62,'','2015-02-25 09:21:49',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-10-30 10:01:25','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',11,39,'','',1,1840,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3483,4146,'Energiebedarf - Erhaltung','energy-requirements-for-maintenance-3','<p>In the \"European standard\" (French/Dutch system) as implemented in this program, the maintenance requirement of energy is expressed in digestible energy as 0.58 MJ per kg of metabolic body weight. The metabolic body weight is a common way to scale energy requirements for differently sized animals, and is expressed as body weight (BW) exponentiated to a power of 0.75 (i.e. BW<sup>0.75</sup>). For example, a horse with a body weight of 500 kg has a metabolic body weight of 103 kg. The maintenance requirement for energy is linearly related to the metabolic body weight. </p>\r\n<p><br />In the program we have used the value of 0.58 MJ per kg metabolic body weight as the basic energy requirement for cold-blooded ponies and heavy breeds. Warm blooded horses are given 5% more, and thoroughbred horses 10% more. In addition stallions are given 10% above mares and geldings.<br /><br />Maintenance requirements for energy (MJ digestible energy/day) for adult horses:<br /><br /></p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\">\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\r\n<p> </p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Cold-blooded</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Warm-blooded</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Thoroughbred</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\">\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p>BW, kg</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Mare/gelding</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Stallion</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Mare/gelding</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Stallion</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Mare/gelding</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Stallion</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\">\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\r\n<p>100</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">16</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">17</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">17</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">18</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">17</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">19</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\">\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\r\n<p>200</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">26</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">29</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">28</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">31</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">29</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">32</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\">\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\r\n<p>300</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">36</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">40</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">38</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">42</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">40</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">44</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\">\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\r\n<p>400</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">45</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">49</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">47</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">52</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">49</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">54</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\">\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\r\n<p>500</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">53</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">58</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">56</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">61</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">58</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">64</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\">\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\r\n<p>600</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">61</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">61</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">64</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">70</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">67</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">73</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong><span class=\"style3\">BW=Body weight<br /></span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"Styckerubrik\"> </p>\r\n<p class=\"Styckerubrik\"> </p>','',1,9,'2008-10-29 17:52:50',62,'','2015-02-25 09:26:23',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-10-29 17:52:50','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',14,57,'','',1,1607,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3484,4147,'Energiebedarf - Laktation','energy-requirements-for-milk-production-3','<p>The requirement for energy during lactation is determined by the rate of milk production and the composition of the milk. Smaller breeds usually have a higher rate of milk production relative to body weight than larger horses. This is provided for in the program. <br /><br />Milk production in mares, per 100 kg body weight</p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\">\r\n<tbody style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">\r\n<p>Body weight</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">1. month</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">\r\n<p>2. month</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">\r\n<p>3. month</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Less than 200 kg</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">3.0</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">3.5</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">3.0</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">More than 200 kg</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">2.5</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">3.0</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">2.5</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p>Energy requirements for milk production, MJ per 100 kg body weight</p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\">\r\n<tbody style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\"> </td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"69%\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Month of lactation</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\">\r\n<p>Body weight</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"23%\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">1</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"23%\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">2-3</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"23%\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">4-5</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Less than 200 kg</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"23%\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">12.9MJ</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"23%\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">13.0MJ</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"23%\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">10.6MJ</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"31%\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">More than 200 kg</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"23%\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">10.8MJ</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"23%\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">11.2MJ</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"23%\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">8.9MJ</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong><a name=\"B8\"></a></strong></p>\r\n<p> </p>','',1,9,'2008-10-29 17:34:43',62,'','2015-02-25 09:28:25',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-10-29 17:34:43','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',9,49,'','',1,1730,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3485,4148,'Protein bedarf','requirements-for-proteini-pc-horse-3','<p>The requirement for protein depends upon the physiological state of the animal, and characteristics of the protein itself. In addition, the quality of the protein characterised, for example, by amino acid composition and digestibility, will interfere with the amounts of protein that you have to give the horse. The quality is of particular importance for growing horses. Lysine is usually the first limiting amino acid (the first amino acid to come into short supply in the diet).</p>','',1,9,'2008-10-29 17:20:00',62,'','2015-02-25 09:29:19',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-10-29 17:20:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',7,62,'','',1,1808,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3486,4149,'Energiebedarf','energy-requirements-in-pc-horse-3','<p>In the \"European standard\" (French/Dutch system) as implemented in this program, the maintenance requirement of energy is expressed in digestible energy as 0.58 MJ per kg of metabolic body weight. The metabolic body weight is a common way to scale energy requirements for differently sized animals, and is expressed as body weight (BW) exponentiated to a power of 0.75 (i.e. BW<sup>0.75</sup>). For example, a horse with a body weight of 500 kg has a metabolic body weight of 103 kg. The maintenance requirement for energy is linearly related to the metabolic body weight.</p>\r\n<p>In the program we use the value of 0.58 MJ per kg metabolic body weight as the basic energy requirement for cold-blooded ponies and heavy breeds. Warm blooded horses are given 5% more energy, and thoroughbred horses 10% more. Stallions are given 10% higher energy requirements than mares and geldings irrespective of their blood type.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Maintenance requirements for energy (MJ digestible energy/day) for adult horses</strong></p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 558px; height: 211px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\">\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\"> </td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Cold-blooded</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Warm-blooded</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Thoroughbred</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\">\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p>BW, kg</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Mare/gelding</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Stallion</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Mare/gelding</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Stallion</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Mare/gelding</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Stallion</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\">\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\r\n<p>100</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">16</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">17</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">17</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">18</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">17</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">19</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\">\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\r\n<p>200</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">26</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">29</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">28</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">31</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">29</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">32</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\">\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\r\n<p>300</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">36</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">40</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">38</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">42</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">40</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">44</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\">\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\r\n<p>400</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">45</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">49</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">47</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">52</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">49</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">54</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\">\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\r\n<p>500</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">53</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">58</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">56</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">61</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">58</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">64</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr bgcolor=\"#cccccc\">\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\">\r\n<p>600</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">61</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">61</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">64</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">70</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">67</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td class=\"style2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">73</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>BW=Body weight</strong></p>','',1,9,'2008-10-29 17:18:14',62,'','2015-02-25 09:23:20',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-10-29 17:18:14','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',17,73,'','',1,1721,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3487,4150,'Microminerals (5)','microminerals-5','<p>The requirements for microminerals are expressed as milligram per kg dry matter in the ration by NRC-2007. This is related to certain standard rations as defined by the NRC. In PC-Horse we have added a safety margin to the net requirements given by NRC. This allows us also to calculate the requirements without having to to take particular standard rations into account.</p>','',1,9,'2008-09-11 08:42:04',62,'','2015-01-12 11:14:27',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:42:04','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',3,80,'','',1,140,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3488,4151,'Kalzium','calcium-requirements-3','<p><img src=\"images/Ca.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p>The skeleton is comprised of 35 % calcium. In addition, calcium is required for the normal functioning of muscle and glands. In particular, in young horses calcium deficiencies and excesses can lead to abnormal skeletal development (see the online help for calcium). Too much calcium will reduce the uptake of a number of minerals including iron and zinc. Good sources of calcium for the horse are clover hay, alfalfa and most commercial concentrate mixes which contain 6-14 g Ca/kg. Grass hay varies in calcium content from 1.5 - &gt;15 g Ca/kg (if you are buying hay in bulk, consider having it analysed). <br /><br />Maintenance: Ca (g/d) = 0.04*BW <br /><br />Young growing horses: calcium requirements are calculated from the maintenance requirement with an added allowance for growth. Typically, a young horse will deposit 16 g Ca per kg of weight gained. With a 50 % absorption digestibility of calcium, the diet must provide 32 g of Ca/kg of weight gained. <br /><br />Ca (g/d) = 0.04*BW + 32*DWG <br /><br />Young horses which are exercised need an additional calcium intake which is related to the maintenance requirement:. <br /><br />Ca (g/d) = (0.04*BW + 32*Daily gain) * (DE for horses in training / DE for horses not trained) <br /><br />Pregnancy: Pregnant mares require extra calcium during the 9th-11th months. <br /><br />Months 1-8: Ca = 0.04*BW <br />Months 9-11: Ca = 7.95 * DE (MJ) <br /><br />Milk Production: The calcium content of mare\'s milk declines during lactation from circa 1.2 g/kg to 0.8 g/kg. When producing 15 kg/d of milk, a mare that absorbed 50 % of the calcium in her diet will need, in addition to 20 g/d for maintenance, 36 g/d of Ca for milk. <br /><br />1st - 2nd month of lactation: <br /><br />Mare 200 kg: Ca(g/d) = 0.04*BW + (0.04*BW*1.2/0.5) <br />Mare above 400 kg: Ca(g/d) = 0.04*BW + (0.03*BW*1.2/0.5) <br /><br />3rd month of lactation to weaning: <br /><br />Mare 200 kg: Ca (g/d) = 0.04*BW + (0.03*BW*0.8/0.5) <br />Mare above 400 kg: Ca (g/d) = 0.04*BW + (0.02*BW*0.8/0.5) <br /><br />Exercise: The calcium requirement for horses in work is given as a proportion of the energy requirement: <br /><br />Ca (g/d) = 5.1 * DE (MJ)</p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:22:45',62,'','2015-02-25 09:37:15',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:22:45','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,0,'','',1,1670,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3489,4152,'Andere Spurenmineralien','other-trace-minerals-3','<p>Other trace minerals. <strong>molybdenum</strong> (Mo), <strong>chromium</strong> (Cr), <strong>nickel</strong> (Ni), <strong>tin</strong> (Sn), <strong>vanadium</strong> (V), <strong>fluorine</strong> (F), <strong>silicon</strong> (Si) and <strong>arsenic</strong> (As) are also recognised as being essential minerals. However, the requirements for these minerals have not been properly determined and hence they are not included within the PC-Horse program.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"><strong>Silicon</strong> is the</span> <span class=\"hps\">second most abundant</span> <span class=\"hps\">nutrient in the</span> <span class=\"hps\">crustal</span> <span class=\"hps\">surface layer</span>, but <span class=\"hps\">little is known</span> <span class=\"hps\">with regard</span> <span class=\"hps\">to the effects</span> <span class=\"hps\">on mammals</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Silicon is</span> <span class=\"hps\">essential</span> <span class=\"hps\">in the construction of</span> <span class=\"hps\">bone</span> <span class=\"hps\">and is a major</span> <span class=\"hps\">component of</span> <span class=\"hps\">connective tissue,</span> </span><span lang=\"en\">hyaluronic acid </span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">and</span> <span class=\"hps\">cartilage.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Silica</span> <span class=\"hps\">is found in nature</span> <span class=\"hps\">as SiO2</span> <span class=\"hps\">and</span> <span class=\"hps\">is easily absorbed by</span> <span class=\"hps\">the horse.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Sodium</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">zeolite (</span>SZA) is absorbed <span class=\"hps\">more easily and</span> <span class=\"hps\">have</span> <span class=\"hps\">found that</span> <span class=\"hps\">this nutrient</span> <span class=\"hps\">is good for</span> <span class=\"hps\">horses in training and</span> <span class=\"hps\">it prevents</span> <span class=\"hps\">injuries.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Since</span> <span class=\"hps\">Silicon</span> <span class=\"hps\">occur</span> <span class=\"hps\">so abundantly</span> <span class=\"hps\">in nature</span>, it is less <span class=\"hps\">likely that there</span> <span class=\"hps\">will</span> <span class=\"hps\">be a shortage</span> <span class=\"hps\">of horses</span>. <span class=\"hps\">There is no</span> <span class=\"hps\">internationally established</span> <span class=\"hps\">standards</span> <span class=\"hps\">need</span> <span class=\"hps\">silicon for</span> <span class=\"hps\">horses.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span class=\"hps\"><strong>Boron</strong> is</span> <span class=\"hps\">accepted as</span> <span class=\"hps\">an essential nutrient</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Based on</span> <span class=\"hps\">the</span> <span class=\"hps\">outturn</span> <span class=\"hps\">that exists</span> <span class=\"hps\">should be</span> <span class=\"hps\">able to</span> <span class=\"hps\">expect that</span> <span class=\"hps\">the very small</span> <span class=\"hps\">amounts</span> <span class=\"hps\">that</span> <span class=\"hps\">are</span> <span class=\"hps\">need</span> <span class=\"hps\">are covered</span> <span class=\"hps\">by</span> <span class=\"hps\">the naturally</span> <span class=\"hps\">occurring boron</span> <span class=\"hps\">in feed.</span> <span class=\"hps\">There is no</span> <span class=\"hps\">internationally established</span> <span class=\"hps\">standards</span> <span class=\"hps\">need</span> <span class=\"hps\">for horses.</span></p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:54:54',62,'','2015-08-01 09:45:30',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:54:54','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',8,48,'','',1,1544,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3490,4153,'Jod','iodine-3','<p><img src=\"images/I.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p>Most of the body\'s iodine (I) is found in the thyroid gland where it is necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones that regulate basal metabolism. The requirement for iodine is set to 0.3 mg/kg dry matter in the ration. Iodine is usually added to commercial compound feeds and mineral mixtures.</p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:53:22',62,'','2015-02-25 09:41:43',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:53:22','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',8,58,'','',1,1665,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3491,4154,'Kobalt','cobalt-3','<p><img src=\"images/Co.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p>Kobalt (Co) is necessary for the caecal and colonic microflora to produce vitamin B12. The requirement for cobalt is set to 0.1 mg/kg dry matter in the ration. Cobalt is usually added to commercial compound feeds and mineral mixtures.</p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:52:00',62,'','2015-02-25 09:41:24',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:52:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',6,68,'','',1,1670,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3492,4155,'Selen','selenium-3','<p><img src=\"images/Se.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p>Selen (Se) is an essential component of glutathione peroxidase which aids the detoxification of peroxides that are toxic to cell membranes. Selenium also plays a role in the control of thyroid hormone metabolism. Selenium is very toxic and should not be overdosed. Requirement is about 0.1 mg/kg dry matter in ration. Selenium is usually added to commercial compound feeds and mineral mixtures.</p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:50:04',62,'','2015-02-25 09:42:07',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:50:04','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',6,129,'','',1,1651,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3493,4156,'Zink','zinc-3','<p><img src=\"images/Zn.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p>Zink (Zn) is an important component of more than 100 enzymes. Absorption is relatively low, 5-10%, varying with the zinc status of the animal. Deficiency may lead to reduced appetite and growth, increased frequency of developmental bone and joint diseases, and a weakened immune system.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images/Zn-Cu.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p>Horses are tolerant to high amounts of zinc, but a high intake of zinc may interfere negatively with the absorption of copper, and thus lead to copper deficiency.</p>\r\n<p>Grass hay typically contains 15-30 mg zinc/kg and grains about the same. Commercial concentrates for horses are usually fortified with additional zinc. The requirement for zinc is set to 40 mg/kg dry matter in the ration for all categories of horses.</p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:48:53',62,'','2015-02-25 09:40:58',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:48:53','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',9,188,'','',1,1675,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3494,4157,'Mangan','manganese-3','<p><img src=\"images/Mn.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p>Mangan (Mn) is essential for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and for synthesis of the chondroitin sulphate necessary in cartilage formation. Absorption of Mn is negatively influenced by high intakes of iron, calcium and phosphorus.</p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:47:02',62,'','2015-02-25 09:40:34',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:47:02','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',8,76,'','',1,1783,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3495,4158,'Kupfer','copper-3','<p> </p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images/Cu.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p>Kupfer (Cu) is essential for several copper-dependent enzymes, for example those involved in synthesis and maintenance of elastic connective tissue and mobilization of iron stores. About 25-40 per cent of the copper in a normal ration is absorbed in the intestines. Copper interacts with many other minerals including molybdenum, sulphur, zinc, selenium, cadmium and iron. Copper deficiency can lead to ostochondrosis, other developmental bone diseases and to anaemia.</p>\r\n<p>Grass and hay contain 4-8 mg Cu per kg dry  matter and oats about the same. Good copper sources are most mineral supplements and compound feeds for horses. Copper requirement is about 10 mg per kg dry matter in ration.</p>\r\n<p> </p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:45:50',62,'','2015-02-25 09:40:11',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:45:50','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',10,140,'','',1,1702,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3496,4159,'Eisen','iron-3','<p> </p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images/Fe.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p>Iron (Fe) is found in haemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes, and many enzyme systems. Iron plays a critical role in oxygen transport and cellular respiration.</p>\r\n<p>In the body of the horse we find about 70 mg iron per kg body weight. This means that a horse (500 kg) contains about 33 grams of iron.  66% is found in haemoglobin, 20% in myoglobin, 20% in transferrin (transport form), ferritin and hemosiderin (storage form). 0.2% is found in enzymes.</p>\r\n<p>Forage and by-product ingredients commonly contain 100-250 mg Fe/kg dry matter. Grains usually contain less than 100 mg/kg dry matter. Dietary iron absorption in the horse is likely to be 15 per cent or less. Iron utilization increases in iron-deficient rations and diminishes with higher than normal intakes of cadmium, cobalt, copper, manganese and zinc.</p>\r\n<p>The daily requirement for iron is about 40-50 mg/kg dry matter in ration. The requirement for iron should be met under normal feeding conditions.</p>\r\n<p> </p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:44:20',62,'','2015-02-25 09:39:45',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:44:20','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',6,202,'','',1,1724,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3497,4160,'Schwefel','sulfur-3','<p><img src=\"images/S.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p>In the body, sulphur (S) is mainly found as part of the sulphur-containing amino acids methionine and cystine, heparin, insulin, thiamine (vit B<sub>1</sub>) and chondroitin sulfate. The requirement for sulphur has not been established, though the sulphur in high-quality dietary protein appears adequate to meet requirements.</p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:38:16',62,'','2015-02-25 09:39:03',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:38:16','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',6,155,'','',1,1766,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3498,4161,'Natrium','sodium-3','<p><img src=\"images/Na.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p>Natrium (Na) is the most important extracellular cation and the most important electrolyte in the maintenance of the osmotic pressure in cells and tissues. The endogenous losses for adult horses at maintenance are calculated to be 15 to 20 mg/kg body weight/day (Meyer et al., 1984; Schryver et al., 1987). If we assume that sodium is absorbed 100 %, then a horse with 500 kg body weight will need 7.5 grams of sodium a day. Exercise and high ambient temperatures increase sodium requirements as horses will lose substantial quantities of sodium through sweat. It is therefore difficult to calculate precise sodium requirements in a nutritional software program. Fortunately, all mammals easily excrete a surplus of sodium, as long as there is no shortage of drinking water. The most important source of sodium is common salt (NaCl).</p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:36:30',62,'','2015-02-25 09:38:38',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:36:30','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',7,167,'','',1,1634,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3499,4162,'Kalium ','potassium-3','<p><img src=\"images/K.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p>Kalium (K) is the most important intracellular kation. It is involved in maintenance of acid/base balance and osmotic pressure. It also part of several enzymes participating in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. In the body 90% of the potassium is intracellular in muscles and internal organs.</p>\r\n<p>The most common roughages contain about 1.5 - 2.5 percent potassium in dry matter, which means 15 to 25 grams per kg dry matter. The content of potassium in grains is lower, 0.3 - 0.6 percent in dry matter.  In rations with a normal amount of roughage there should be adequate amounts of potassium. When requirement for potassium is calculated, a value for availability of 50% is used.</p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:34:48',62,'','2015-02-25 09:38:12',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:34:48','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',8,87,'','',1,1677,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3500,4163,'Magnesium','magnesium31863-3','<p><img src=\"images/Mg.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p>The horse\'s body contains approximately 0.05 % magnesium, 60 % of which is found in the skeleton. Magnesium is an activator for many enzymes and is required for normal muscle function. Normal absorption of magnesium is 40-60 %. During the calculation of magnesium requirements a value for absorption of 40 % is assumed (NRC 1989). <br /><br /><strong>Maintenance</strong>. Mg (g/d) = 0.015*BW <br />Growth: between 0.85 and 1.25 g of Mg are deposited per kg of body weight gain; NRC assumes 1.25 g in their calculation. <br />Mg (g/d) = 0.015*BW + 1.25*DWG <br /><br />Magnesium requirement for growth with training:<br />Mg (g/d) =(0.015*BW+1.25*DWG)* (DE for exercised / DE for unexercised) <br /><br /><strong>Pregnancy</strong>: The requirement for magnesium during the last 3 months of pregnancy increases by 0.3 mg/kg BW. <br />Months 9 - 11: Mg (g/d) = 2.0 * DE (MJ) <br /><br /><strong>Lactation. </strong>The magnesium concentration in mare\'s milk during early lactation is approximately 90 mg/kg and declines to 45 mg/kg in late lactation. The absorption of magnesium is assumed to be 40 %. <br /><br />1st - 2nd month: <br />Mare 200 kg: Mg (g/d) =0.015*BW + (0.04*BW*0.09) /0.4 <br />Mare above 300 kg: Mg (g/d) =0.015*BW + (0.03*BW*0.09) /0.4 <br /><br />3rd month - weaning: <br />Mare 200 kg: Mg (g/d) =0.015*BW + (0.03*BW*0.045)/ 0.4 <br />Mare above 300 kg: Mg (g/d) =0.015*BW + (0.02*BW*0.045)/ 0.4 <br /><br /><strong>Work</strong>: Mg (g/d)= 1.92 * DE (MJ)</p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:33:01',62,'','2015-01-16 12:38:59',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:33:01','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',7,161,'','',1,1750,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3501,4164,'Phosphor','phosphorus-requirements-3','<p><img src=\"images/P.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p>Phosphorus is required for growth of the skeleton (the skeleton comprises 14-17 % phosphorus) and for the metabolism of energy in the cells of the body. Too much phosphorus will reduce the uptake of calcium and may consequently lead to skeletal abnormalities. Excess phosphorus may also impair iron absorption. <br /><strong><br />Maintenance: </strong>The phosphorus requirements are calculated on the basis of an endogenous loss of 10 mg/kg BW and 35 % absorption. <br /><br />P (g/d) = 0.28*BW <br /><br /><strong>Growth: </strong>The phosphorus requirement is approximately 8 g/kg of weight gain. In young horses where feeds usually contain added inorganic phosphorus it is common to assume an absorption efficiency of 45 %. <br /><br />P (g/d) = 0.022*BW + 17.8*DWG <br /><br />For young horses in training the phosphorus requirement of growth is added to the training requirement which is related to the energy required for training. <br /><br />P =(0.022*BW+17.8*DWG)*(DE for exercised horses / DE for horses not exercised) <br /><br />Pregnancy: During the last three months of pregnancy the following formula is used: <br /><br />P (g/d) = 6.0 * DE (MJ) <br /><strong><br />Milk production:</strong> The phosphorous content of mare\'s milk varies between 0.75 g/kg in early lactation to 0.5 g/kg in late lactation. Absorption of phosphorus during lactation is assumed to be 45 %. Mares in early lactation producing 16 kg/d of milk require 1.67 * 16 = 26.7 g of phosphorus for milk production (in excess of that required for maintenance). <br /><br />1st-2nd month of lactation: <br /><br />Mare 200 kg: P (g/d) =0.01*BW + (0.04*BW*0.75)/ 0.45 <br />Mare above 300 kg: P (g/d) =0.01*BW + (0.03*BW*0.75)/ 0.45 <br /><br />3rd month of lactation to weaning: <br /><br />Mare 200 kg: P (g/d) =0.01*BW + (0.03*BW*0.50) /0.45 <br />Mare above 300 kg: P (g/d) = 0.01*BW + (0.02*BW*0.50)/ 0.45 <br /><br /><strong>Work:</strong> The phosphorous requirement of horses in work is related to the energy requirement:. <br /><br />P (g/d) = 3.64 * DE (MJ) <em><br /></em></p>','',1,8,'2008-09-11 08:28:31',62,'','2015-02-25 09:37:37',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 08:28:31','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',8,196,'','',1,1724,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3502,4165,'Hilfe','let-us-help-de','<p>Just <a marked=\"1\" href=\"mailto:support@pc-horse.com\">mail us</a> your name, telephone number and a short description of your problem. We will come back to you with advice - and if needed contact you on telephone.</p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"long_text\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Telefonsupport 08-514 420 30 , vardagar på kontorstid.\"><strong>Telephone support </strong>- We may </span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"För att bättre kunna assistera Dig när det gäller PC-Horse använder vi ett hjälpprogram (Netviewer) som gör det möjligt för oss att, samtidigt som vi talar med varandra i telefon , kunna koppla ihop våra datorer under en avgränsad tid (en session).\"> assist you when in trouble by using a clever little application (Teamviewer) which gives you a 2-way connection with our Help PC, with &nbsp;screen and sound both ways.&nbsp;</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"https://get.teamviewer.com/5gsf554\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/teamviewer.png\" alt=\"teamviewer\" /> </a></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"http://get.teamviewer.com/5gsf554\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">To get help</span> <span class=\"hps\">on your computer</span> <span class=\"hps\">- Download</span> <span class=\"hps\">the</span> <span class=\"hps\">TeamViewer</span> <span class=\"hps\">Remote Support</span> <span class=\"hps\">here.</span></span></span></span></strong></a></p>','',1,22,'2008-10-17 12:42:55',62,'','2016-04-08 08:23:19',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-10-17 12:42:55','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,0,'','',1,3038,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3503,4166,'Sorry!','sorry4537','<table align=\"center\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr></tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" alt=\"flagUK\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/flagUK.jpg\" height=\"38\" width=\"50\" /></p>\r\n<p>This page is not available in that language, or for the market, you asked for. If the relevant translation is missing sometimes the corresponding page in English. We regret the inconvenience. Please start again from the home page or our <a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=category&amp;id=53:general\">international start-up link</a>.</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" alt=\"flagGER\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/flagGER.jpg\" height=\"38\" width=\"50\" /></p>\r\n<p>Diese Seite ist nicht in dieser Sprache verfügbar ist, oder für den Markt, baten Sie um. Wenn die betreffende Übersetzung fehlt manchmal die entsprechende Seite in englischer Sprache. Wir bedauern die Unannehmlichkeiten. Bitte beginnen Sie wieder von der Homepage oder unserer <a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=category&amp;id=53:general\">internationalen Start-up-Link.</a></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" alt=\"flagFRA\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/flagFRA.jpg\" height=\"38\" width=\"50\" /></p>\r\n<p>Cette page n\'est pas disponible dans cette langue, ou pour le marché, vous avez demandé. Si la traduction pertinente est manquant parfois de la page correspondante en anglais. Nous regrettons la gêne occasionnée. S\'il vous plaît recommencez à partir de la page d\'accueil ou de notre <a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=category&amp;id=53:general\">start-up internationale lien</a>.</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" alt=\"flag46\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/flag46.jpg\" height=\"38\" width=\"50\" /></p>\r\n<p>Sidan är inte tillgänglig på det språket, eller för den marknaden, du begärde. Om relevant översättning saknas visas ibland motsvarande sida på engelska. Vi beklagar besväret. Vänligen börja om igen från <a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=frontpage&amp;Itemid=1\">startsidan</a>.</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" alt=\"flag45\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/flag45.jpg\" height=\"38\" width=\"50\" /></p>\r\n<p>Denne side er ikke tilgængelig på det pågældende sprog, eller til markedet, bad dig om.<br /> Hvis den pågældende oversættelsen mangler nogle gange den tilsvarende side på engelsk. Vi beklager ulejligheden. Du starter igen fra <a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=frontpage&amp;Itemid=1\">hjemmesiden</a>.</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" alt=\"flag47\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/flag47.jpg\" height=\"38\" width=\"50\" /></p>\r\n<p>Denne siden er ikke tilgjengelig på dette språket, eller for markedet, spurte deg om. Dersom den aktuelle oversettelsen mangler noen ganger den tilsvarende siden på engelsk. Vi beklager det inntrufne. Vennligst starte igjen fra <a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=frontpage&amp;Itemid=1\">hjemmesiden</a>.</p>','',1,91,'2012-02-04 10:03:22',62,'','2015-01-12 11:17:44',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2012-02-04 10:03:22','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',9,16,'','',1,1100,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3504,4167,'System (2)','system47952-2','<strong>Why does my PC-Horse program take much longer to load?</strong><br />A common explanation is that you have entered a large number of horses together with your own horse pictures. Pictures taken by modern  digital cameras may be 3-15 MBytes each, far in excess of what PC-Horse  needs to show the picture on screen and paper. You should be able to get sufficient quality by reducing pictures to between 100 and 500  kilobytes before you enter the pictures in PC.Horse.\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"medium_text\"><span title=\"Fungerar nya Window 7 med PC-Horse?\"><strong>Does the new Windows 7 work with PC-Horse?<br /></strong></span><span title=\"Ja, om du installerar 32bitars-versionen.\">Yes, if you install the 32-bit version. A </span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Med 64-bitar fungerar inte PC-Horse tills vidare.\">64-bit version will not work with PC Horse at the moment.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"long_text\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Jag har Vista och hittar inte mina säkerhetskopior?\"><strong>I have Vista and cannot find my backups?</strong><br /></span><span title=\"Standardplaceringen för säkerhetskopiorna är direkt under PC-Horse-mappen, dvs C://program/pc-horse/ - men vi har sett exempel på andraplaceringar i Vista, t.ex : Datamaskinlokaldisk(C:)BrukereLars\" background-color:=\"background-color:\">The default location for the backup files is directly under the PC-Horse folder:</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"long_text\"><span title=\"Standardplaceringen för säkerhetskopiorna är direkt under PC-Horse-mappen, dvs C://program/pc-horse/ - men vi har sett exempel på andraplaceringar i Vista, t.ex : Datamaskinlokaldisk(C:)BrukereLars\" background-color:=\"background-color:\">i.e. C:/programfiles/pc-horse/</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"long_text\"><span title=\"Standardplaceringen för säkerhetskopiorna är direkt under PC-Horse-mappen, dvs C://program/pc-horse/ - men vi har sett exempel på andraplaceringar i Vista, t.ex : Datamaskinlokaldisk(C:)BrukereLars\" background-color:=\"background-color:\">but we have seen examples in other locations, for example in Vista and Windows 7: </span></span></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"long_text\"><span title=\"Standardplaceringen för säkerhetskopiorna är direkt under PC-Horse-mappen, dvs C://program/pc-horse/ - men vi har sett exempel på andraplaceringar i Vista, t.ex : Datamaskinlokaldisk(C:)BrukereLars\" background-color:=\"background-color:\">Computer\\Local Disk (C:)\\Users\\ Lars\\</span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"AppDataLocalVirtualStoreProgramFilesPC-HorseSave.\">AppData\\Local\\Virtual Store\\Program Files\\PC-Horse\\SAVE<br /><br /></span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Vi rekommenderar att du själv bestämmer var du vill lägga dina säkerhetskopier.\">We recommend that you decide where you want to save your backup files. </span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Läs bruksanvisningen under Menyn: Hjälp/Bruksanvisning/Övrigt/Säkerhetskopiering.\">Read the instructions in the menu: Help / Manual / Misc / Backup.</span></span></p>\r\n<p> </p>','',1,42,'2008-12-08 12:09:31',62,'','2015-01-12 11:19:00',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-12-08 12:09:31','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',10,8,'','',1,159,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3505,4168,'Feed lists (2)','feeds-2','<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"long_text\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Kan jag ändra analysvärdena i något av Sverigelistans Garantifoder?\"><strong>Can I change the values in the UK-list?</strong><br /></span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Nej.\">No, the list cannot be changed. </span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Uppgifterna om dessa foder är garanterade av leverantören och kan därför inte ändras.\">If a feed is \"locked\"  that feed is guaranteed by the supplier. </span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Detta gör att Du alltid kan vara säker på analysens riktighet.\">This means that you can always be sure of the accuracy of its analysis. <br /><br /></span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Hur säkra är analysvärdena i de foder som har varningstriangel?\"><strong>What does a warning triangle mean when applied to a feed?<br /></strong></span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"För att underlätta ditt arbete med Foderstater har PC-Horse insamlat och lagt in analysuppgifter från olika öppna källor.\">To simplify your work with diet formulation, PC Horse collects data on feed nutrients from a wide range of open sources. This data</span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Det kan vara insamlade från produktbroschyrer, hemsidor eller andrahandsuppgifter från återförsäljare.\"> can come from product brochures, websites or information from feed retailers and is mostly correct. However </span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Ofta stämmer dasta, men PC_Horse kan inte garantera uppgifternas riktighet eller hur uppdaterade de är.\">PC-Horse cannot always guarantee its accuracy or how up-to-date it is, because we have no agreement with the producer of the feed. </span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Vill Du vara säker bör Du själv kontrollera hos Din leverantör.\">If you want to be sure you should check for yourself with your supplier. </span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Du kan ändra uppgifterna i analysen, men varningstriangeln kvarstår.\">You can change the nutrient data of a feed, but the warning triangle will remain. </span></span></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"long_text\"><strong><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Jag har raderat hela Sverigelistan av misstag.\">I have deleted my UK feed list by mistake. </span></strong><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Hur får jag tillbaks den?\"><strong>How do I get it back?<br /></strong></span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Du kan gå upp på vår hemsida och ladda ner en ny.\">You can go up on our website and download a new one. </span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Du kan även gå in i papperskorgen, söka rätt på filen där och återställa den till sin ursprungliga plats (windowsstandard).\">You can also go into your computer\'s trash-bin, find the file there and restore it to its original location (Windows default). </span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Men det fungerar bara om du inte tömt papperskorgen.\">But this will only work if you have not previously emptied the trash-bin.<br /><br /></span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Om detta händer - har jag förlorat alla mina egna nyinlagda foder då?\"><strong>If I have deleted my UK feed list - have I lost my \"own feeds\"?</strong><br />The UK-list</span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Garantifoderlistan (Sverigelistan) kan inte ändras av användaren.\"> can not be changed by the user. </span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Därför rekommendera vi att du omedelbart kopierar över egna tillagda foder till någon av stallfoderlistorna eller till en egen foderlista.\">All changes that you have made have either been entered in stable feed lists or in whilst creating new feed lists. Be sure to make backup copies of your stables, horses and feed lists often. You will find the command under the \"File\" menu.</span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"När nya nya garantifoderlistor skriver över de gamla händer inget med dina egna foder.\"></span></span></p>','',1,24,'2008-11-03 12:34:44',62,'','2015-01-12 11:19:28',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-11-03 12:34:44','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',7,2,'','',1,187,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3506,4169,'System (3)','system47952-3','<strong>Why does my PC-Horse program take much longer to load?</strong><br />A common explanation is that you have entered a large number of horses together with your own horse pictures. Pictures taken by modern  digital cameras may be 3-15 MBytes each, far in excess of what PC-Horse  needs to show the picture on screen and paper. You should be able to get sufficient quality by reducing pictures to between 100 and 500  kilobytes before you enter the pictures in PC.Horse.\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"medium_text\"><span title=\"Fungerar nya Window 7 med PC-Horse?\"><strong>Does the new Windows 7 work with PC-Horse?<br /></strong></span><span title=\"Ja, om du installerar 32bitars-versionen.\">Yes, if you install the 32-bit version. A </span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Med 64-bitar fungerar inte PC-Horse tills vidare.\">64-bit version will not work with PC Horse at the moment.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"long_text\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Jag har Vista och hittar inte mina säkerhetskopior?\"><strong>I have Vista and cannot find my backups?</strong><br /></span><span title=\"Standardplaceringen för säkerhetskopiorna är direkt under PC-Horse-mappen, dvs C://program/pc-horse/ - men vi har sett exempel på andraplaceringar i Vista, t.ex : Datamaskinlokaldisk(C:)BrukereLars\" background-color:=\"background-color:\">The default location for the backup files is directly under the PC-Horse folder:</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"long_text\"><span title=\"Standardplaceringen för säkerhetskopiorna är direkt under PC-Horse-mappen, dvs C://program/pc-horse/ - men vi har sett exempel på andraplaceringar i Vista, t.ex : Datamaskinlokaldisk(C:)BrukereLars\" background-color:=\"background-color:\">i.e. C:/programfiles/pc-horse/</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"long_text\"><span title=\"Standardplaceringen för säkerhetskopiorna är direkt under PC-Horse-mappen, dvs C://program/pc-horse/ - men vi har sett exempel på andraplaceringar i Vista, t.ex : Datamaskinlokaldisk(C:)BrukereLars\" background-color:=\"background-color:\">but we have seen examples in other locations, for example in Vista and Windows 7: </span></span></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"long_text\"><span title=\"Standardplaceringen för säkerhetskopiorna är direkt under PC-Horse-mappen, dvs C://program/pc-horse/ - men vi har sett exempel på andraplaceringar i Vista, t.ex : Datamaskinlokaldisk(C:)BrukereLars\" background-color:=\"background-color:\">Computer\\Local Disk (C:)\\Users\\ Lars\\</span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"AppDataLocalVirtualStoreProgramFilesPC-HorseSave.\">AppData\\Local\\Virtual Store\\Program Files\\PC-Horse\\SAVE<br /><br /></span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Vi rekommenderar att du själv bestämmer var du vill lägga dina säkerhetskopier.\">We recommend that you decide where you want to save your backup files. </span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Läs bruksanvisningen under Menyn: Hjälp/Bruksanvisning/Övrigt/Säkerhetskopiering.\">Read the instructions in the menu: Help / Manual / Misc / Backup.</span></span></p>\r\n<p> </p>','',1,42,'2008-12-08 12:09:31',62,'','2015-01-12 11:20:20',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-12-08 12:09:31','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',10,7,'','',1,160,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3507,4170,'Jan Sjunnesson','jan-sjunnesson-en','<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/913b Jan7.jpg\" alt=\"913b Jan7\" width=\"75\" height=\"100\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Jan Sjunnesson</strong>. Active in the Swedish horse racing community. Jan has a backgound in sales and advertising - now specialized in Internet marketing for PC-Horse International.</p>','',1,97,'2008-09-11 12:04:13',62,'','2015-01-12 11:22:26',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 12:04:13','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,1,'','',1,1772,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3508,4171,'Knut Hove','knut-hove-en','<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/912 knut hove.jpg\" alt=\"912 knut hove\" width=\"75\" height=\"100\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Knut Hove. </strong>Veterinarian and professor in animal physiology. Has developed nutrition software tools for horses and dogs under DOS and Windows.</p>','',1,97,'2008-09-11 11:58:49',62,'','2015-01-12 11:22:26',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 11:58:49','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,3,'','',1,1810,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3509,4172,'Hove Software A/S','hove-software-en','<p><strong>The company</strong> Hove Software LTD of Norway has the international rights to PC-Horse.</p>\r\n<p>Contact address: Gyltevn. 29, 1440 Drobak, Norway, Tel. +47 64932323,</p>\r\n<p>Email: <a href=\"mailto:knut.hove@pc-horse.com\">kh@pc-horse.com</a></p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p>Contact us with enquiries about the program. We are always looking for good people to collaborate with.</p>\r\n<p>Welcome!</p>','',1,97,'2008-09-11 12:13:35',62,'','2015-01-12 11:22:26',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 12:13:35','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,0,'','',1,4933,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3510,4173,'Dag Austbø','dag-austbo53076','<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/911 dag A.jpg\" alt=\"911 dag A\" width=\"75\" height=\"100\" /><br /><br /><strong>Dag Austbø. </strong>Professor in animal nutrition with horses as a speciality. Dag has been an active researcher in horse nutrition during the last 20 years, and teaches horse nutrition at the Norwegian life science university. He is a member of the \"Horse nutrition group\" in the European Association for Animal Production (EAAP), and has a broad international network.</p>\r\n<p> </p>','',0,97,'2008-09-11 12:00:32',62,'','2015-01-12 11:22:26',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 12:00:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,29,'','',1,1241,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3511,4174,'Quarantäne','quarantine-en-2','<p><strong>PC-Horse helps in the management of quarantine for your horses:</strong></p>\r\n<p>Certain treatments mean quarantine for the horse. When you finish the treatment don´t forget to enter when the quarantine ends.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-quarantan_1.png\" alt=\"49 quarantan 1\" /></p>\r\n<p>When the treatment is saved, warning signs will show in the opening window for the horse or horses concerned.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-quarantan_2.png\" alt=\"49 quarantan 2\" /></p>\r\n<p>And in the stable window you will be warned if there is any horse under Quarantine in the stable.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-quarantan_3.png\" alt=\"49 quarantan 3\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>','',1,65,'2010-03-22 14:33:36',62,'','2015-04-05 09:52:40',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2010-03-22 14:33:36','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,26,'','',1,1743,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3512,4175,'Behandlungssymbole','symbols-en-2','<p><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"long_text\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"I programmets olika fönster visas de olika behandlinstyperna som lagts i på varje häst.\">PC-Horse uses the following symbols and colour codes for treatments: </span></span></strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-treatmentsymbols.png\" alt=\"49 treatmentsymbols\" /><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"long_text\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"I programmets olika fönster visas de olika behandlinstyperna som lagts i på varje häst.\"><br /><br /></span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Grön markerar att behandlingen är planerad att ske längre fram än en vecka i tiden.\"><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Green</strong></span> indicates that the treatment is scheduled to take place more than X days from now.</span><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><br /><strong>Yellow</strong></span> indicates that the treatment is scheduled to take place within X days from now.<br /></span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Röd att planerat datum har passerat.\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Red </strong></span>warns that the scheduled date has now passed.<br /><strong>No Symbol</strong> indicates that the treatment has taken place. Relevant information is stored. </span></p>\r\n<p>X = will be set by you in the configuration settings. Here you may also define your own treatment \"names\".</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-treatmentsettings.png\" alt=\"49 treatmentsettings\" /></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-treatmentname_2.png\" alt=\"49 treatmentname 2\" /></p>','',1,65,'2010-02-03 15:31:51',62,'','2015-04-05 08:56:37',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2010-02-03 15:31:51','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,30,'','',1,1642,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3513,4176,'Behandlungen','treatments-en-2','<p><strong>Vaccination, shoeing, worming etc. - functionality to plan and track treatments:</strong></p>\r\n<p><span class=\"long_text\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"PC-Horse presenterar en helt ny funktion för att göra det ännu lättare för professionellt hästfolk.\">PC-Horse version 2.15 includes functionality to help professional horse people keep track of the various treatments given to their horses. The program warns</span><span title=\"Håll koll på alla hästarnas behandlingar - såväl kommande som genomförda.\"> of pending treatments, and allows information to be stored concerning vaccinations, wormings and other treatments. </span><span title=\"Programmet varnar för behandlingar en vecka före utsatt tid och ger dessutom indikation för startförbud.\">You may also add warnings for horses that are quarantined and not allowed to enter competitions.<br /><br /></span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Skriv ut olika rapporter och skicka till dig själv eller dina hästägare.\">Along with all the standard PC-Horse reports, you can email treatment reports to your veterinarian, your horse owner, or just store them for your own documentation. </span><span title=\"Se mer hur det fungerar på följande sidor.\">Explore how the \"Treatment reports\" functionality works on the following pages. <br /><br /></span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Funktionen Behandlingar är aktiv i versionerna\">The \"Treatment\" feature is active in the following program versions:</span></span></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/PCHlogo-Professional-165px.jpg\" alt=\"PCHlogo-Professional-165px\" width=\"165\" height=\"66\" /> <img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/PCHlogo-Consultant-165px.jpg\" alt=\"PCHlogo-Consultant-165px\" width=\"165\" height=\"66\" /> <img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/PCHlogo-Education.jpg\" alt=\"PCHlogo-Education\" width=\"165\" height=\"63\" /></p>','',1,65,'2010-03-09 13:50:00',62,'','2015-02-25 10:11:47',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2010-03-09 13:50:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,34,'','',1,1944,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3514,4177,'VPN - Netzwerkarbeit','networking-en-2','<p>Virtual Private Netword (VPN) is a common technology, used usually by larger companies with offices in different geographical locations. VPN makes it possible for employees to use an internet connection to access files and features on the company\'s server in a shared network.<br /><br />PC-Horse also functions over such VPN networks but, depending on the connection speed and the data load between the local computer and the central network server, some \"time-out\" problems may occur for PC-Horse users, usually because there is too much data traffic over the connection.<br /><br />Typical symptoms of this type of problem are that PC-Horse works well and responds quickly when connected to the office server, but has long response times or even time-out problems (e.g. \"PC-Horse not responding\") when working from home online and perhaps using a modem that is too slow.<br /><br />In this case, we recommend disconnecting the shared VPN connection while working directly with the PC-Horse program. Files will then be saved locally to your own computer. When the connection is restored, all these locally saved files will automatically be synchronized and data (horses, stables, reports, etc.) will be copied to the user\'s network area on the central server.</p>','',1,50,'2014-10-14 10:22:20',62,'','2015-02-25 10:11:21',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2014-10-14 10:22:20','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,35,'','',1,1822,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3515,4178,'Computer wechseln','computerchange-en-2','<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/datorbyte.png\" alt=\"datorbyte\" />Follow the instructions below to move your saved stables, horses and feedlists safely to a new computer:</p>\r\n<p>1. On your old computer: Start by making a copy of the PC-Horse Save directory. You will find it under \"My documents/PC-Horse. Copy it to a memory stick or another place where you can access it from the new computer. <a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3522&amp;Itemid=4525&amp;lang=de\">See here how to do it.</a></p>\r\n<p>2. On your new computer: Download the latest program version of PC-Horse from the PC-Horse homepage and install it on the new computer. Follow the instructions for a standard installation.</p>\r\n<p>3. Activate the program with your licence code. You will find it by clicking on \"My Page\" on the old computer (or in the E-mail you received containing the licence). Copy the licence code and paste it into a document that you can open on the new computer. Be sure to copy the entire licence string (name and codes).</p>\r\n<p>4. With the PC-Horse program opened on the new computer you can import your old Save directory in different ways. The easiest is to use the program itself to import the old stables, horses and feed lists to the new computer. Then PC-Horse will build a good file structure. The alternative is to copy the old Save directory manually. This will need some computer knowledge.</p>\r\n<p>5. Import of stables and horses is a standard procedure that can be done on the new computer.<a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3560&amp;Itemid=4478&amp;lang=de\"> See how to.</a></p>\r\n<p>6. When the import is finished you will find all your stables, horses and feedlists on the new computer.</p>','',1,50,'2014-05-28 08:07:36',62,'','2015-02-25 10:10:18',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2014-05-28 08:07:36','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,39,'','',1,2092,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3516,4179,'Suche','search-en-2','<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Feature active in version:</span><span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"></span></span><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">&nbsp; CONSULTANT &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"> <span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">You do</span> <span class=\"hps\">not have to look</span> <span class=\"hps\">through all your</span> <span class=\"hps\">stables</span> <span class=\"hps\">for a</span> <span class=\"hps\">horse</span> <span class=\"hps\">-</span> <span class=\"hps\">or</span> for <span class=\"hps\">all the horses</span> <span class=\"hps\">that belong to a</span> <span class=\"hps\">particular owner</span>.<br /> <span class=\"hps\">In</span> <span class=\"hps\">the Consultant version</span> <span class=\"hps\">you just use</span> <span class=\"hps\">the search window.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Search the</span> <span class=\"hps\">horse</span>\'s name or <span class=\"hps\">owner.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><br /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-search.png\" alt=\"49 search\" /></p>','',1,50,'2011-03-22 16:11:44',62,'','2015-04-02 14:17:47',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2011-03-22 16:11:44','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,40,'','',1,1898,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3517,4180,'Speicherort wählen','alternative-storage-en-2','<p><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Feature active in version:&nbsp;</span><span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"></span></span><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">&nbsp; CONSULTANT &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"> &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">&nbsp; EDUCATION &nbsp; </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p>In the PC-Horse Consultant and Education version there is a box titled “Directory for user data” .</p>\r\n<p>You will find it under the main menu: \"FENSTER\"</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-alternativestorage_1.png\" alt=\"49 alternativestorage 1\" /></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-alternativestorage_2.png\" alt=\"49 alternativestorage 2\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>The current path is shown. \"Standard\" refers to the location where PC-Horse is installed.</p>\r\n<p>Clicking on “Alternative directory” allows you to select an alternative storage location on your PC, or on a memory stick.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse then starts to build new stables and horses in the alternative location you have chosen. In the cse of the Education version, students can enter their own name as a directory name on the server PC, and thus identify their own data.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>Even better, a student can save the data to a memory stick and move with this to any other machine where PC-Horse is installed.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>','',1,50,'2009-01-19 16:09:16',62,'','2015-04-02 14:14:56',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 16:09:16','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',9,47,'','',1,1925,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3518,4181,'Berichtsfußzeile','consultant-version-en-2','<p><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Feature active in version: </span><span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\"> &nbsp; PROFESSIONAL &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"> &nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">&nbsp; CONSULTANT &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"> &nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">&nbsp; EDUCATION &nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p>The Consultant, Professional and Education versions allow you to include additional useful information in the page footers of reports.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-sidefooter_1.png\" alt=\"49 sidefooter 1\" /></p>\r\n<p>1. Select from the top menu: Configurations/Configure program/Company, University, School<br />2. When this window opens - fill in your own useful information<br />3. Note that the licence owner\'s name will be printed automatically</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-sidefooter_2.png\" alt=\"49 sidefooter 2\" /></p>\r\n<p>4. Enter a personal message to be displayed with your name in all reports.<br />5. Click \"Company logo\" to locate a logo or picture (JPeg format) that you want to show along with your name. Please observe that the picture must be of moderate size, ie 100 (height) * 200 (width) or smaller.</p>','',1,50,'2009-01-19 16:34:53',62,'','2015-04-02 14:03:07',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 16:34:53','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,50,'','',1,1928,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3519,4182,'Berichte','reports-en-2','<p><strong>Reports overview:</strong></p>\r\n<p>All PC-horse reports are displayed under the \'Reports\' tab in the window of each stable. This feature is included in the Professional, Consultant and Education versions.&nbsp; All reports can be opened, printed or copied and pasted into any document of your choice.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-reports_1.png\" alt=\"49 reports 1\" /></p>\r\n<p><br /><strong>You can open several reports and put them side by side for comparison</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-reports_2.png\" alt=\"49 reports 2\" /></p>','',1,50,'2009-09-23 08:50:39',62,'','2015-04-02 13:44:18',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-09-23 08:50:39','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,52,'','',1,1699,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3520,4183,'Nährstoffe aussuchen','selecting-nutrients-in-printouts-en-2','<p><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Feature active in version:</span><span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"></span></span></span></span></span><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">&nbsp; CONSULTANT&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><strong><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"> <span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></strong></p>\r\n<p>In the Consultant version of the program&nbsp;you can determine which nutrients you want to include in your printouts.</p>\r\n<p>1. Select from the top menu: Configurations/Configure program/Nutrients</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-selectnutrients_1.png\" alt=\"49 selectnutrients 1\" /></p>\r\n<p>2. Select where you want the secection to show</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-selectnutrients_2.png\" alt=\"49 selectnutrients 2\" /></p>\r\n<p>3. Select nutrients and save the settings</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-selectnutrients_3.png\" alt=\"49 selectnutrients 3\" /></p>','',1,50,'2009-01-19 16:37:32',62,'','2015-04-02 13:29:11',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 16:37:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,56,'','',1,1962,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3521,4184,'E-mail','send-email-en-2','<p><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Feature active in version: </span><span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\"> &nbsp; PROFESSIONAL &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"> &nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">&nbsp; CONSULTANT &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"> &nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">&nbsp; EDUCATION &nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p>The professional versions of PC-Horse include a set of email functions. You may send a single email with different reports directly from the program, using email addresses you have entered into your contact register.</p>\r\n<p>You can use several grouping functions to email your horse owners full reports on their horses. Save time and improve your customer services.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-mailwindow.png\" alt=\"49 mailwindow\" /></p>\r\n<p>Place a check mark for the reports that you want to email.</p>\r\n<p>Click the checkbox in front of each horse and report you will send<br /><br />You can attach data files for stables and horses to your email messages. These files can be imported into another PC which also has a registered PC-Horse program. This provides a convenient opportunity for sharing information amongst feed consultants, between teachers and students, or between yourself and your customers if you are a feed advisor. <br /><br /><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Feature active in version: </span><span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"></span></span><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">&nbsp; CONSULTANT&nbsp; <span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p>When you have checked \"Include all rations today\", PC-Horse will include all reports saved with today\'s date stamp (only available in the Consultant version).</p>','',1,50,'2009-01-19 16:06:25',62,'','2015-04-02 12:57:32',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 16:06:25','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,63,'','',1,3866,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3522,4185,'Sicherungskopie','backup23141-2','<p><strong>Backing up your data - always very important:</strong></p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse allows you to back up all horse, feed and stable data in one operation. Select \"menu\" to open a folder dialog where you define the folder in which you will store your back up data.<br /><br /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-backup_1.png\" alt=\"49 backup 1\" /></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-backup_2.png\" alt=\"49 backup 2\" /></p>\r\n<p><br />Press OK. You will get a message naming the folder that will hold your backup files.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-backup_3.png\" alt=\"49 backup 3\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;In addition we recommend that you make a further back up to an independent storage device, for instance a CD or a memory stick.</p>\r\n<p><img alt=\"49 backup 4\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-backup_4.png\" /></p>','',1,50,'2009-01-19 16:09:16',62,'','2015-04-02 13:17:31',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 16:09:16','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',11,87,'','',1,1979,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3523,4186,'Mehrere Rationen','multidiets-en-2','<p>Feature active in version:&nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">&nbsp; CONSULTANT &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"> &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">&nbsp; EDUCATION &nbsp; <br /></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><strong>Multiple&nbsp;or alternative rations:</strong></p>\r\n<p>Consultants, teachers and students may need to formulate alternative rations for the same horse, and to document these as part of a single email. PC-Horse has implemented the following routine for this:</p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>When a new ration is formulated, it is saved automatically. If you change that ration during the same day, any change will overwrite the original ration.</li>\r\n<li>To save more rations on a given day, you must change the filename of the ration. Click the SAVE-button</li>\r\n<li>Make a recognisable change to the filename (the date is included automatically), and click OK</li>\r\n<li>This way you may save an unlimited number of different&nbsp;rations for the same horse</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-alternative%20rations.png\" alt=\"49 alternative rations\" /></p>\r\n<p>Check the box \"Send all reports with today\'s date\" &nbsp;when you prepare your email message.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-mailtoday.png\" alt=\"49 mailtoday\" /></p>','',1,49,'2011-03-26 11:10:26',62,'','2015-03-31 15:11:59',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2011-03-26 11:10:26','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,38,'','',1,1806,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3524,4187,'Futtermengen bestimmen','provide-amounts-en-2','<p>Move to the \"Provide amounts\" tab and enter the kilos or grams of the different feeds you want to use. The screen is empty until you enter your amounts. You can enter amounts directly into&nbsp;the table, or change the allocation of individual feeds by using the arrow buttons.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-ration_4.png\" alt=\"49 ration 4\" /></p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse shows a limited graphic representation of how well the nutrients in the ration will cover the requirements of the horse. You should adjust the allocation of feeds in order to achieve nearly 100% coverage of the requirements for energy and indicated nutrients. If you have difficulties with formulating a balanced diet, you should go back to the \"Select feed\" page, and select suitable feeds.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>','',1,49,'2009-01-24 11:48:09',62,'','2015-03-31 14:41:27',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-24 11:48:09','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,44,'','',1,1743,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3525,4188,'Kommentare im Bericht','comments-en-2','<div>\r\n<p>Feature active in version:&nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\"></span><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">&nbsp; CONSULTANT &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"> <span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><br /></span></span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<p><strong>In the Consultant version of the program you may enter your own personal comments in the ration report:</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-reportcomment.png\" alt=\"49 reportcomment\" /></p>','',1,49,'2011-03-30 13:42:39',62,'','2015-03-31 15:18:32',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2011-03-30 13:42:39','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',11,52,'','',1,1849,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3526,4189,'Weidegang','is-your-horse-on-pasture-2','<p><strong>Is your horse on pasture?</strong></p>\r\n<p><img alt=\"49 grazing 1\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-grazing_1.png\" /></p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse allows you to select a grazing mode for your horse. In order to calculate grass intake and formulate a ration, information about the quality and abundance of the grass, and how long the horse is on grass every day must be provided. The program contains three pre-defined qualities of pasture grass. <span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">You must have one (and only one) pasture grass in the horse\'s feed list </span>in order to activate the pasture function. In addition, you can select any number of other feeds.</p>\r\n<p>Click the \"AUF DER WEIDE\"</p>\r\n<p><img alt=\"49 grazing 2\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-grazing_2.png\" /></p>\r\n<p><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">\"Plentiful\"</span> means that there is a lot of high quality grass in the pasture<span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">.<br />\"Average\"</span> means that the pasture is partly grazed, or with limited growth due to moderate fertilization, i.e. mountain or natural pasture. <br /><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">\"Little\"</span> means that the pasture is heavily grazed, and the grass is short.</p>\r\n<p>Based on your information PC-Horse estimates a daily intake of the pasture grass you have selected.<br />&nbsp;<br />Although possible, you should not change this intake manually, but rather define new pasture grasses of different qualities if relevant. You can also change the hours spent on pasture. The maximum daily intake of pasture grass is set to 3,2 kg dry matter per 100 kg body weight for lactating mares. For all other horses it is set to 2,8 kg dry matter per 100 kg body weight. If the calculated intake of pasture grass is close to the maximum amount and you also&nbsp;include other feeds in the ration, then the calculated amount of pasture grass will be reduced.</p>\r\n<p>Calculation of feed intake on pasture always involves uncertainty. It is therefore strongly recommended that the body condition of grazing horses is watched carefully and that the feeding of concentrates is regulated to avoid the horse becoming too thin or too fat. Please observe that the quality of pastures change through the summer as the horses use them. It is necessary to adjust the selection of pasture grass and the amount of grass in the pasture as the seasons progress.</p>\r\n<p>It is difficult to calculate intakes of vitamin A and vitamin D during the grazing season because of variation in the quality of the pasture grass. Since vitamin D is formed by the direct action of sunlight on the horses skin, vitamin supplies from the feed are probably not critical. When a horse is defined as grazing, PC-Horse will not show red lines for vitamin A or D, even if the calculated intakes fall outside the optimal area.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>','',1,49,'2009-01-19 14:59:02',62,'','2016-06-09 08:41:39',67,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 14:59:02','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',10,76,'','',1,1938,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3527,4190,'Mehr zu Rationen','a-deeper-understanding-of-the-ration-2','<p><strong>A deeper understanding of the ration:</strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><strong>1. Too much or too little of a nutrient</strong></p>\r\n<p><span class=\"Fetstilsvart style2 style5\"><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><em>A red line</em></span></span> in the \"Nutrients\" box of the ration window signifies a nutrient outside the optimal area. Double-click the line to obtain more information on the tab <span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">\"Information about ration\"</span>. You will find a detailed analysis of the ration, the contribution of each feed to the total ration and information about possible consequences of the imbalance and how it can be corrected.</p>\r\n<p class=\"Styckerubrik\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-rationinfo_1.png\" alt=\"49 rationinfo 1\" /></p>\r\n<p class=\"Fetstilsvart\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><strong>2. Requirements and nutrients in rations</strong></p>\r\n<p>The tab provides a graphic presentation of the analysis of nutrient coverage relative to the horse\'s requirements.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-rationsinfo_2.png\" alt=\"49 rationsinfo 2\" /></p>\r\n<p class=\"Fetstilsvart\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><strong>3. Contribution to nutrients in the diet</strong></p>\r\n<p>The tab provides a graphic presentation of the analysis of how the individual feeds in the ration contribute to each of the nutrients. As you gain experience on formulating diets, you will learn which feeds will be best&nbsp;for providing nutrients that may be in short supply in the diet.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-rationsinfo_3.png\" alt=\"49 rationsinfo 3\" /></p>','',1,49,'2009-01-19 14:54:31',62,'','2015-03-31 14:51:57',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 14:54:31','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',6,84,'','',1,2073,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3528,4191,'Rationsplan','ration-sheet-2','<p>The \"Ration\" tab in the program provides a compilation and analysis of your diet. If feed prices are provided in the stables feed list, daily costs of feeding will be presented. You can also provide prices on the individual feeds from this window. You can choose whether these prices will be available for all horses in the stable, or only this specific horse (for instance when a horse owner provides the feed to the stable free of charge). Test it out by changing a feed and watching how PC-Horse calculates your feeding costs. When you are finished with the ration you may print the ration sheet or email it to customers or other interested people. <br /><br />To inspect the coverage of all nutrients in the diet click : \"GRAFIK\"</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-rationreport.png\" alt=\"49 rationreport\" /></p>\r\n<p>The ration sheet provides you with a warning (a red line) when a specific nutrient is outside the optimal area as defined by PC-Horse.&nbsp;By double-clicking a red line you will get help on the specific nutrient.</p>','',1,49,'2009-01-19 14:45:35',62,'','2015-03-31 14:29:32',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 14:45:35','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',10,99,'','',1,1959,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3529,4192,'Fütterungsplan','making-meal-charts-2','<p><strong>Providing amounts and making meal charts:<br /></strong>The ration can be subdivided into the different individual meals (feeding times) that are provided in the stable. You can do this for the first time once you have a formulation for the daily ration, as signified by the appearance of the tab \"Mealchart\".</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-mealchart_1.png\" alt=\"49 mealchart 1\" /><br /><br />After having marked a feed as active (blue colour), you may divide the daily allocation in equal amounts, or give specified amounts at specific meals (Feeding 1, Feeding 2 etc). Check out your results by clicking the \"Show report\" button. When you are satisfied, you can print the Meal chart.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-mealchart_2.png\" alt=\"49 mealchart 2\" /><br /><br /></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;\"></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"Fetstilsvart\">&nbsp;</p>','',1,49,'2009-01-19 14:37:31',62,'','2015-03-31 15:04:27',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 14:37:31','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,101,'','',1,1949,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3530,4193,'Die Ration','ration-formulation-2','<p><strong>When you have provided information about the stable and the horse, you are ready to formulate a ration:</strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><strong>1. Select feed list and feeds for the horse:<br /></strong>Click the tab \"F<span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">eeds and feeding of the horse\"</span> which will take you to the lower level tab \"<span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">Select feed\"</span>. <br />Now you must first of all select the feed list where you will find your feeds.<br />Select feeds from the stable\'s own feed list The pre-selected feed list belongs to the stable where the horse is defined. Available feed types, brands and feeds are shown in the right-hand window.</p>\r\n<p>You select your options in the standard Windows manner. Open the tree-view by clicking on the feed types and brands&nbsp;and double-click on the feeds you want to include in the diet. The feeds you select will move to the window on the left side of the screen labelled \"Selected feeds\". Selected feeds will, in the tree-view, show a \"V\"&nbsp;icon. You can toggle between selected and non-selected by double-clicking the feed.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-ration_1.png\" alt=\"49 ration 1\" />&nbsp; </p>\r\n<p><strong>Select feeds from other feed lists:<br /></strong>It is simple to select a feed that is not present in the default feed list. Click the button \"Select from other feed lists\" and double-click the name of the list you wish to use. This list will then open on the tree-view (be sure that the name shown at the top of the tree-view is the correct one). Select your feeds as described above.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-ration_3.png\" alt=\"49 ration 3\" /></p>\r\n<p class=\"Fetstilsvart\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><strong>2. Accept the selection of feeds:<br /></strong>When your choices are made, accept by clicking \"FERTIG\" This hides the tree-view and finalises the feed list you wish to use for the horse.</p>\r\n<p class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><strong>3. Provide amounts:<br /></strong>Move to the \"Provide amounts\" tab and enter the kilos or grams of the different feeds you want to use. The screen is empty until you enter your amounts. You can enter amounts that are given in the table, or change allocations of individual feeds by using the arrow buttons.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-ration_4.png\" alt=\"49 ration 4\" /></p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse shows a limited graphic representation of how well the nutrients in the ration will cover the requirements of the horse. You should adjust the allocation of feeds in order to achieve nearly 100% coverage on the requirements for energy and the indicated nutrients. If you have difficulties with formulating a balanced diet, you should go back to the \"Select feed\" page and select suitable feeds.</p>','',1,49,'2009-01-19 14:20:37',62,'','2015-03-31 14:23:45',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 14:20:37','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',15,114,'','',1,3949,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3531,4194,'Futterpreise','feed-prices-en-2','<p><strong>Entering feed prices using the Guaranteed feed list:</strong></p>\r\n<p>Entering feed prices can be done in several ways. Select the feed list you want to change. Select the tab \"Feed prices\". Double-click the cells and edit the feed price. Finish each cell by pressing \"Enter\".</p>\r\n<p>Note that there are no prices in the national guarantee list and no prices can be entered into that feed list. Use your stable feed list for the purpose, or create new separate feed list to distribute prices.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-feedprices1.png\" alt=\"49 feedprices1\" /></p>\r\n<p>You may also edit individual feeds in all other feed lists. You will have to update these manually.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-feedprices2.png\" alt=\"49 feedprices2\" /></p>\r\n<p>A final possibility is to edit the feed prices directly in the ration of individual horses. When this is done, PC-Horse asks whether the changes should be copied across to all horses in the stable.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-feedprices3.png\" alt=\"49 feedprices3\" /></p>','',1,48,'2009-01-19 16:02:57',62,'','2015-03-31 09:54:59',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 16:02:57','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,119,'','',1,1994,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3532,4195,'Marke auswählen','select-brands-en-2','<p><strong>You can save time and work by copying all the feeds within a brand in one go:</strong></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.&nbsp; <strong>Select</strong> \"Feedlist menu&gt;Feed&gt;Select brands\" to open a screen that allows the selection of individual brands.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-select%20brands1.png\" alt=\"49 select brands1\" width=\"600\" height=\"195\" /> <br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.&nbsp; <strong>Select</strong> you donor feed list, and the relevant brands. Click OK.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-select%20brands2.png\" alt=\"49 select brands2\" width=\"600\" height=\"249\" /><br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.&nbsp; <strong>Go to the tree-view</strong> under the tab \"Information\" to inspect the selection of feeds.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-select%20brands3.png\" alt=\"49 select brands3\" /></p>','',1,48,'2009-01-19 16:00:16',62,'','2015-03-27 14:10:02',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 16:00:16','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,123,'','',1,1815,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3533,4196,'Futtern vergleichen','compare-ingredients-2','<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Comparing the nutrient concentrations in feeds:</span></strong></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Feeds differ in their concentrations of nutrients. Professional and other users may be interested in comparing various feeds. </span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><br /></span></span></p>\r\n<p><strong>1. Double-click the feeds </strong>you wish to compare. The feeds will show in the right window (Selected feeds)</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-151%20compare%20nutrient_1.png\" alt=\"49 151 compare nutrient 1\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>2. Select the nutrients </strong>you wish to compare. Use the ordinary windows controls (Ctrl and Shift) to perform multiple selections.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-151%20compare%20nutrient_2.png\" alt=\"49 151 compare nutrient 2\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>3. The results </strong>can be shown and printed.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-151%20compare%20nutrient_3.png\" alt=\"49 151 compare nutrient 3\" /></p>','',1,48,'2009-01-19 15:44:14',62,'','2015-02-25 09:53:11',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 15:44:14','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,127,'','',1,1846,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3534,4197,'Futter bearbeiten','changing-a-feed-2','<p><strong>To inspect or change the nutrient composition of a feed:</strong></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In certain situations, you may be required to change the dry matter content or nutrient composition of a feed. Please note that you can only change feeds you have defined yourself (shown by a start icon). Commercial feeds have to be locked for guarantee reasons. Only feed prices can be changed. </span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">When you change the composition or price of a feed, the changes will immediately take effect <em>in the feed list where you are working</em>. </span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Before leaving the feed, you are asked whether you want to distribute the changed feeds to be used by the horses in the stable.</span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-100%20change%20nutrient%20value.png\" alt=\"49 100 change nutrient value\" /></p>','',1,48,'2009-01-19 15:47:43',62,'','2015-02-25 09:52:20',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 15:47:43','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,132,'','',1,1805,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3535,4198,'Neue Futter erstellen','create-a-new-feed-en-2','<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">We strongly  recommended that you use a \"template or model\"  feed when you create new feeds of your own!</span></strong></p>\r\n<p>By using template feeds you will ensure that all nutrients will be included in the analysis tables, even when your feed analysis contains a limited set of nutrients.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Follow this path  to insert a new feed in your feed list (for example, a new hay)</strong></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Open the feed list in which you want the feed to be stored</span></li>\r\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Give the feed a name of your choice</span></li>\r\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Select a feed <strong>type </strong>from the list</span></li>\r\n<li>Click the  \"Template feed\" button</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49%20create%20new%20feed_1.png\" alt=\"49 create new feed 1\" /></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Select the feed list you want to take the model feed from</li>\r\n<li>Double-click the feed in the list that you want to use as template (choose a feed with properties as close as possible to the new feed</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49%20create%20new%20feed_2.png\" alt=\"49 create new feed 2\" /></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>PC-Horse confirms your choice (red text)<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> </span></li>\r\n<li>Click: \"Neues Futter Schaffen\"</li>\r\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">You are now transferred to the screen for editing feeds.</span></li>\r\n<li>In this illustration all values emerge from the template feed - the values are yellow</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49%20create%20new%20feed_3.png\" alt=\"49 create new feed 3\" /><br /><br /><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Change nutrient concentrations according to your own analyses  in the yellow fields in the table. Standard (template feed) values will be used where you do not have your own analyses.  Please observe that </span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">PC-Horse formulates all concentrations of nutrients as per kg of feed. Some analytical results from laboratories, and even feed declarations, are given as a percentage value. Per cent means per 100 g of feed, not gram per kg of feed. If for example the content of a nutrient like calcium is given as a percentage, i.e. 2.3%, you should enter a value of 23 g calcium per kg of feed. <br /><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Don\'t forget to adjust the dry matter percentage before changing to per kg values if your analyses are given as per kg of dry matter!</span></strong><br /></span></p>\r\n<p>It is a good idea to put in the price per kg now as well.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49%20create%20new%20feed_4.png\" alt=\"49 create new feed 4\" /></p>','',1,48,'2009-01-19 15:50:36',62,'','2015-02-25 09:51:43',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 15:50:36','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,136,'','',1,1918,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3536,4199,'Neue Futtermittelliste shaffen','create-new-feedlist-en-2','<p><strong><strong>You may create your own feed lists from scratch:<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Start from the File menu or from the menu of an already active feed list. Give a unique name to the feed list.</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-207%20new%20feedlist.png\" alt=\"49 207 new feedlist\" /><strong> &gt;&gt;</strong> <img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-208%20name%20feedlist.png\" alt=\"49 208 name feedlist\" /></p>\r\n<p>You will get a feed list without feeds in it. You get the feeds for it by copying in from other lists, or by defining new feeds</p>\r\n<p>Another convenient way to handle feed lists is to create a list that contains all the feeds for a certain title (brand). This can simplify and clarify your handling of eg your own feed. Handy when you want to copy them to different stables feed lists. Or you might want to keep track of your own feeds from year to year. The title (\"brand\") MY FEEDS is automatically created in the program when you put in your first own feed. Then you can create new feeds that appear under this heading.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-209%20copy%20feeds%20to%20new%20feedlist.png\" alt=\"49 209 copy feeds to new feedlist\" /></p>','',1,48,'2009-01-19 15:55:42',62,'','2015-02-24 11:16:47',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 15:55:42','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,139,'','',1,2083,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3537,4200,'Nährstofffarben','nutritioncolors-en-2','<p>Through the colour codes assigned to individual nutrients PC-Horse allows you to keep track of the origin of the values listed in your feeds. Through the colour codes you will get an additional tool for your quality control of the feed which you give your horses.  The feed tables in PC-Horse has 3 coloumns where we for each nutrient give - the <em>name,</em> the <em>value</em> and the <em>unit</em>.</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p><strong>Colour coding of the nutrient NAME.</strong></p>\r\n<p>A <strong>white</strong> background signifies that the nutrient value is imported by means of a datafile from your feed laboratory or is a feed originating from your national guaranty feed list. Such values are listed as analysed or as provided by the feed producer, and can therefore not be changed by the user (example from the UK feed list).</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-feedcolor3.png\" alt=\"44-feedcolor3\" width=\"550\" height=\"449\" /></p>\r\n<p>A <strong>grey</strong> background signifies that the nutrient value is provided from a template feed, or entered by the PC-Horse user. You may change such values at any time, provided that you have a more \"correct\" value. Doubleclick the value field - give your new value - and move to the next nutrient in the table. You may change the nutrient as many times as you wish. The change is available in ration planning when you have saved the feed. (You may reedit the values at any time).</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p><strong><strong>Colour coding of the nutrient VALUE.</strong></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>GREEN or YELLOW?</strong> - A <strong>green value</strong> originates from a laboratory datafile or from a guaranty feed. A <strong>yellow value</strong> is a recommended value from a template feed provided by PC-Horse when you created a feed of your own, or imported a feed as an xml-file (from a laboratory).</p>\r\n<p>Nutrients with <em>white background and a green value are the most reliable.</em> They contain exact numbers from an analysis of your own roughage. Concentrates and vitamin- and mineral mixtures with this coulour coding are equally reliable, as they are given by feed producers collaborating with PC-Horse, or originate from official feed tables.</p>\r\n<p><em>Nutrients with <em>white background and a yellow value</em></em> are taken from template feeds which you have selected, or which were included when you imported a feed analysis file. These values may be changed. Template feed data will never be 100% representative for your own roughage, since wether, soil and harvest conditions and botanical composition will always vary. However, since template feeds are taken from official feed tables, they will in most sitiuations be more reliable than values you have entered yourself from your own sources. In addition, the template feeds gives \"a best estimate\" for all the minerals and vitamins which are not analysed routinely in roughages.</p>\r\n<p>NOTE! A value of 0 with yellow or green mark means that the amount of this nutrient is zero (0) in the feed.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-feedcolor1.png\" alt=\"44-feedcolor1\" width=\"550\" height=\"449\" /></p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<p><strong><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Worth noting</span> <span class=\"hps\">when it comes to</span> <span class=\"hps\">your own</span> <span class=\"hps\">user settings</span>!</span></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong><span class=\"hps\">RED</span></strong> <span class=\"hps\">-</span> <span class=\"hps\">After changing</span> <span class=\"hps\">a value</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span>and saved <span class=\"hps\">the feed)</span> <span class=\"hps\">so</span> <span class=\"hps\">changing</span> <span class=\"hps\">the background</span> <span class=\"hps\">color</span> <span class=\"hps\">to red.</span><br /> <span class=\"hps\">Then you know that</span> <span class=\"hps\">this</span> <span class=\"hps\">is a value that</span> <span class=\"hps\">you yourself</span> <span class=\"hps\">are responsible.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Keep in mind that</span> <span class=\"hps\">there is a risk</span> <span class=\"hps\">of making mistakes.</span> <span class=\"hps\">You might</span> <span class=\"hps\">read on</span> <span class=\"hps\">the bag</span> <span class=\"hps\">where the</span> <span class=\"hps\">values are given</span> <span class=\"hps\">in%.</span> <span class=\"hps\">You might have</span> <span class=\"hps\">an import</span> <span class=\"hps\">feed in which</span> <span class=\"hps\">the protein is</span> <span class=\"hps\">crude protein</span> <span class=\"hps\">and not</span> <span class=\"hps\">digestible</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">protein (</span>what <span class=\"hps\">the horse</span> <span class=\"hps\">can assimilate</span>). <span class=\"hps\">You</span> <span class=\"hps\">may have been told</span> <span class=\"hps\">that some</span> <span class=\"hps\">\"natural\"</span> <span class=\"hps\">additives</span> <span class=\"hps\">in the feed</span> <span class=\"hps\">to have</span> <span class=\"hps\">magical properties</span> <span class=\"hps\">of certain nutrients</span> <span class=\"hps\">so you</span> <span class=\"hps\">should</span> <span class=\"hps\">write down</span> <span class=\"hps\">the value of this</span>.</p>\r\n<p><span class=\"hps\">The same thing happens</span> <span class=\"hps\">when you choose to</span> <span class=\"hps\">create a custom</span> <span class=\"hps\">feed</span> <span class=\"hps\">without using the</span> <span class=\"hps\">template</span> <span class=\"hps\">feed</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Then</span> <span class=\"hps\">open</span> <span class=\"hps\">the new food with</span> <span class=\"hps\">all values</span> <span class=\"hps\">in red and</span> <span class=\"hps\">with</span> <span class=\"hps\">0</span> <span class=\"hps\">values.</span> <span class=\"hps\">And it is</span> <span class=\"hps\">logical</span> <span class=\"hps\">because it is</span> <span class=\"hps\">You</span> <span class=\"hps\">who have taken</span> <span class=\"hps\">the decision to start</span> <span class=\"hps\">your</span> <span class=\"hps\">feed without</span> <span class=\"hps\">values.</span> <span class=\"hps\">These</span> <span class=\"hps\">can</span> <span class=\"hps\">then modify</span> <span class=\"hps\">as you wish.</span></p>\r\n<p><span class=\"hps\">Renaming</span> <span class=\"hps\">feed</span> <span class=\"hps\">- you can do</span> <span class=\"hps\">for yourself</span> <span class=\"hps\">in the name field</span>.</p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-feedcolor2.png\" alt=\"44-feedcolor2\" width=\"550\" height=\"445\" /></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">The <strong>blue</strong> color</span> <span class=\"hps\">indicates</span> <span class=\"hps\">only that it</span> <span class=\"hps\">is the value that</span> <span class=\"hps\">is</span> <span class=\"hps\">currently selected</span>.</span></p>','',1,48,'2013-05-05 17:45:16',62,'','2015-02-25 09:50:11',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2013-05-05 17:45:16','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,143,'','',1,1932,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3538,4201,'Fremde Futtermittelliste','foreign-feedlists-en-2','<p>The feed market is becoming increasingly multinational and a whole lot of foreign feed suppliers distributes their products to the UK. This may cause problems when translating energy and protein values if you do not know the difference between the units used in the different countries.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images/49-importforeignlists.png\" alt=\"\" /></p>\r\n<p>For example, if you have a French feed list, the energy values are in UFC (French feed units for horses, net energy) and not in MJ digestible energy as is the standard in the UK. Protein is given as MADC (digestible crude protein) and not as Crude protein.<br />When importing a foreign feed list to a UK version of PC-Horse, the program translates the foreign energy and protein values automatically into the standard UK units, MJ digestible energy and Crude protein (CP).</p>\r\n<p>The import of a foreign feed list (files with extension .pcf) is done in the same way as the <a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3543&amp;Itemid=4495&amp;lang=de\">import of a German feed list.</a></p>\r\n<p>Once you have imported the foreign feed list, you can <a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3539&amp;Itemid=4488&amp;lang=de\">copy in the usual way the entire list\'s contents, </a>or just the feeds you are interested in, to your respective stable feed lists.</p>\r\n<p>At each import PC-Horse translates energy and protein values into the UK units.<br />You can read more about the different energy units here in our monthly article from our <a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=category&amp;id=616&amp;Itemid=4414&amp;lang=de\">achive</a>. Look up the April 2014-article.</p>\r\n<div id=\"gt-res-content\" class=\"almost_half_cell\">\r\n<div dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">NOTE</span>!</span></span></strong>\r\n<p><strong><span class=\"hps\">1.</span> <span class=\"hps\">The</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span>foreign) <span class=\"hps\">imported feed</span> <span class=\"hps\">list</span> <span class=\"hps\">can</span> <span class=\"hps\">be opened and closed</span>. <span class=\"hps\">It shows</span>, <span class=\"hps\">and</span> <span class=\"hps\">retain</span>, then <span class=\"hps\">the feed</span>´s <span class=\"hps\">analytical values</span> and units <span class=\"hps\">from the original</span> feed list<span class=\"hps\">.</span></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong><span class=\"hps\">2.</span> <span class=\"hps\">If you copy</span> <span class=\"hps\">feeds from</span> <span class=\"hps\">the foreign</span> <span class=\"hps\">list</span> <span class=\"hps\">to another</span> <span class=\"hps\">feed</span> <span class=\"hps\">list</span> <span class=\"hps\">(new</span> <span class=\"hps\">feed</span> <span class=\"hps\">list or</span> <span class=\"hps\">stable </span><span class=\"hps\">feed</span> <span class=\"hps\">list)</span> <span class=\"hps\">i</span><span class=\"hps\">t automatically recalculate all values into</span> <span class=\"hps\">domestic</span> <span class=\"hps\">units.</span></strong></p>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>','',1,48,'2015-01-02 15:30:38',10,'','2015-11-19 09:17:18',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-02 15:30:38','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,152,'','',1,2179,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3539,4202,'Futter kopieren','copy-a-feed-from-a-different-feedlist-2','<p><strong>To copy a feed from a different feed list:</strong></p>\r\n<p>By selecting the tab or menu item \"<span class=\"style2\">Copy feed from another feed list\"</span> you can construct your own feed list.</p>\r\n<p>1. Select source feed list<br />2. Select feed type to be shown<br />3. Select feeds<br />4. Click a button (select: a) Entire list b: Futtermitteltyp C: Selected feeds)<br />5. Copied feeds will show in the recipient feed list<br />6. Sort the list (if automatic sorting is preferred) or edit the sequence manually (see own tab).</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-169%20copy%20feed%20from%20other%20list.png\" alt=\"49 169 copy feed from other list\" /></p>','',1,48,'2009-01-19 15:41:58',62,'','2015-02-25 09:52:43',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 15:41:58','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',9,212,'','',1,1853,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3540,4203,'Changing feed order','changing-feed-order-in-a-feedlist-2','<p><strong>To change the order of feeds in a feed list:</strong></p>\r\n<p>Use the arrows to move a selected feed up or down in the feed list. When displayed in the tree-view, feeds will always be sorted according to their brand.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44%20sort%20feed.png\" alt=\"44 sort feed\" width=\"310\" height=\"372\" /></p>','',1,48,'2009-01-19 15:40:38',62,'','2015-01-21 17:30:33',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 15:40:38','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',6,220,'','',1,155,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3541,4204,'Futter löschen','delete-feeds-2','<p><strong>Delete feeds individually:<br /></strong>Select the feed you wish to delete, then click the button \"Delete selected\" and confirm the deletion. You will see that the feed disappears from the tree-view. It may be convenient to delete feeds that you are not going to use from your stable feed list.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-erasefeed_1.png\" alt=\"49 erasefeed 1\" /></p>\r\n<p><br /><strong>Delete a brand and all its feeds:<br /></strong>Select the brand you wish to delete and click the \"Delete brand\" button.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-erasefeed_2.png\" alt=\"49 erasefeed 2\" /></p>','',1,48,'2009-01-19 15:38:37',62,'','2015-03-31 10:07:53',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 15:38:37','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',6,234,'','',1,1929,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3542,4205,'Futter & Futtermittellisten','work-with-feedlists-2','<p>Start by selecting a feed list through double-clicking on the feed list icon in the tree-view in the main screen. The feed screen will now show, starting with the <span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">Information </span>tab. We recommend that you make your changes in the \"Stable feed lists\", or in your own defined feed lists. In this way, you will keep your guaranteed feed list intact, and can use it as a reference feed list. In your stable feed lists you can simplify your work by erasing all feeds you are not using on a daily basis.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-feedlist_1.png\" alt=\"49 feedlist 1\" /></p>\r\n<p>In the box on the left you can&nbsp;read information about the feed list and the feeds it organises. The tree-view on the right is used to manipulate the feeds in that list. Click on the plus or minus signs to expand or contract the list.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-feedlist_2.png\" alt=\"49 feedlist 2\" /></p>\r\n<p>Select feeds by clicking one or more feeds. Selected feeds are shown with an additional \"V\" icon.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-feedlist_3.png\" alt=\"49 feedlist 3\" /></p>\r\n<p>Selected feeds can be edited or deleted. It may be convenient to delete feeds that you are not going to use from your stable feed list. Use the \"UK Guaranteed feeds\" list as your reference feed list. If you accidentally&nbsp;erase your Guaranteed feed list, a copy will be made available. You may also download a new one from our website. By double-clicking on a feed you will be transferred to a screen where you can inspect and edit the nutrient composition of the feed (see later). Click the \"OK\" button to go back to the information tab.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-feedlist_4.png\" alt=\"49 feedlist 4\" /></p>\r\n<p>If the feed list you opened belongs to a stable, the feeds shown will be available for the horses in that stable. Horses can be allocated different rations, but the nutrient content and feed prices in the stable will remain the same.</p>','',1,48,'2009-01-19 15:31:15',62,'','2015-03-31 08:55:42',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 15:31:15','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',9,243,'','',1,2131,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3543,4206,'Futtermittelliste importieren','importera-foderlistor44918-2','<p><span class=\"long_text\"><span title=\"Detta sker då via menyn \">You can import feed lists from external sources. This is done by using the tab/button \"Import feed list from file\" on the \"File\" menu. Imported feed lists are only displayed during the ongoing session. While displayed, you can, in the usual way, copy feeds from the imported list to any of the stable feed lists. Unless you save the list, it will have disappeared when the program is closed and opened again.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span class=\"long_text\"><span title=\"Detta sker då via menyn \">Note: This function is not available in the MINI-version.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span class=\"long_text\"><span title=\"Detta sker då via menyn \"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-importfeedlist.png\" alt=\"49 importfeedlist\" /></span></span></p>','',1,48,'2009-01-19 15:28:17',62,'','2015-03-31 10:12:26',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 15:28:17','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":67,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',12,250,'','',1,1800,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3544,4207,'Futterfarben & Symbole','feedcolors-de','<p><strong>Feed lists are structured with several features: First the <span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">colour system</span>.</strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><span style=\"font-family: arial black,avant garde;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span class=\"style6\">GREEN = ROUGHAGE</span></span><br /><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><span class=\"style7\">YELLOW = CONCENTRATE and GRAIN</span></span><br /><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span class=\"style8\">BLUE = SUPPLEMENTS, BALANCERS, VITAMIN &amp; MINERAL MIXES</span></span><span class=\"style5\"><br /></span></span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>This is what you see when you open a feed list:</strong>&nbsp;<img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-openbrands_1.png\" alt=\"49 openbrands 1\" /></p>\r\n<p>When clicking a feed type you will find a list of brands available in the market. <br />Click on the plus or minus signs to expand or close the list.<br /><br /><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-openbrand_3.png\" alt=\"49 openbrand 3\" />&nbsp;<span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</span> <img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-openbrands_2.png\" alt=\"49 openbrands 2\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><strong>Symbols that show the different feed categories:</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/locks.jpg\" alt=\"locks\" width=\"90\" height=\"20\" />&nbsp;<br />A lock signifies that the feed is a branded (commercial) product. Analyses of nutrients are included in PC-Horse. Changes to the nutrient composition of such a feed are not possible. Commercial feeds come in all feed categories (colours). The only feed property that may be changed is the <strong>price</strong>.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/globes.jpg\" alt=\"globes\" width=\"82\" height=\"22\" /><br />A globe signifies a generic product. Typical generic products are roughages, grains, silages of standard qualities, and minerals or supplements such as salt or molasses. Generic feeds are commonly used as templates for your own hay or silage.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/stars.jpg\" alt=\"stars\" width=\"82\" height=\"20\" /><br />A star signifies a feed that you have defined yourself. It can be a home-grown feed, a feed that you have bought directly from a farm or a commercial product that you have entered into PC-Horse based on information obtained from the producers.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/eye.png\" alt=\"eye\" width=\"30\" height=\"20\" /></p>\r\n<p>The eys indicates that this feed and it´s data is collected from open sources on the market. The supplier has not certified their values.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/909 warning 16px.gif\" alt=\"909 warning 16px\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" /><br />PC-Horse signals that this feed has analyses of nutrients that have been collected from open sources. The data is not guaranteed by the supplier.</p>','',1,48,'2009-01-19 15:07:33',62,'','2015-03-31 09:30:11',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 15:07:33','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',21,261,'','',1,1838,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3545,4208,'Deutsche Futtermittel','feedlists-in-pc-horse-2','<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;\"><strong><span class=\"Styckerubrik style1\"></span></strong></span>PC-Horse comes with a very handy feed list - the <span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">Guaranteed feed list</span><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\"></span>. You will find it on the top of the tree-view on the main screen.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-nationalfeedlistflag.png\" alt=\"49 nationalfeedlistflag\" /></p>\r\n<p><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><strong>Guaranteed feed list:</strong><br />This is a </span>feed list made for each country. In Germany the list is named <span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">Garantiefutter</span>. Several feed companies have chosen to cooperate with PC-Horse to support your work. Feeds from these companies are pre-defined in PC-Horse when you download it from the web. Our experts have checked that the nutrient analyses are in line with those presented in the product sheets from the companies, and expressed in the national units relevant to the country where the program is used. The various national authorities require feed producers to comply with the rules and regulations formulated centrally by the EU. Feed companies are responsible for the declaration of nutrient contents. PC-Horse cannot take responsibility for errors in the declarations of feed companies.</p>\r\n<p><strong><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">New and updated feed lists:<br /></span></strong>Feed lists will be updated by the update centre in PC-Horse when new feeds are introduced by our collaborating feed companies, or as and when market demand requires it.</p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><strong><span class=\"hps\">If you are</span> <span class=\"hps\">temporarily</span></strong> <span class=\"hps\"><strong>without</strong> <strong>internet</strong> <strong>access</strong></span> <span class=\"hps\">happens</span> <span class=\"hps\">nothing.</span> <span class=\"hps\">No</span> <span class=\"hps\">feed</span> will be<span class=\"hps\"> updated</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">You can</span> <span class=\"hps\">continue working</span> <span class=\"hps\">as usual with</span> <span class=\"hps\">the program.</span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">On</span> <span class=\"hps\">the side panel</span> <span class=\"hps\">you can</span> <span class=\"hps\">see</span> <span class=\"hps\">when</span> <span class=\"hps\">your</span> <span class=\"hps\">feed</span> <span class=\"hps\">list</span> <span class=\"hps\">was last</span> <span class=\"hps\">updated:</span></span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-nationalfeed%20list.png\" alt=\"49 nationalfeed list\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">Calculations of energy and protein:<br /></span></strong>Some feed constituents, such as energy and protein, may be analysed and expressed differently by different feed producers. Where the units for nutrients provided are the same, differences in analytical methodology may create major errors in the calculations performed by PC-Horse. One notable example is the expression of protein content as \"crude protein\" or \"digestible crude protein\". If requirements are given as digestible crude protein (Scandinavia) and feed protein is expressed as crude protein (UK, USA), severe under-supply of protein will result. It is therefore extremely important to be sure about the basis for expressing nutrient concentrations when transporting feeds across borders, even within Europe. The \"Global\" version of PC-Horse will perform these adjustments safely for feeds from different countries.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Declaration of minerals and vitamines:<br /></strong>According to many national authorities, trace minerals must be declared as \"added per kilo feed\". In such cases, the contents of nutrients in the natural feed ingredients are not known, and a calculation for the  deficit of a mineral or a vitamin may therefore in special cases be erroneous.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44feedlist-update-routine.jpg\" alt=\"44feedlist-update-routine\" width=\"550\" height=\"170\" /></p>','',1,48,'2009-01-19 15:02:16',62,'','2015-02-25 09:51:04',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 15:02:16','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',18,272,'','',1,1812,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3546,4209,'Aktive Pferde','activehorse-en-2','<p><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><strong><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">Active horse</span> </strong>is used to provide extra energy for horses that are having access to larger areas of land, and are active without being in an training program. Energy requirements are increased by 10%.</span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-activehorse.png\" alt=\"49 activehorse\" /><br /><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times;\"><br /></span>&nbsp; <span class=\"article_separator\"><br /></span></p>','',1,47,'2009-01-19 13:33:28',62,'','2015-03-31 13:49:09',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 13:33:28','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,59,'','',1,1819,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3547,4210,'Information & Archiv','information-and-archive-en-2','<p>This is a place to store and structure various information about the horse. You will find a diary and, in later program versions, the opportunity to&nbsp;keep a record of veterinary treatments, shoeing, vaccinations and deworming etc.. <br /><br /><br /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-horsediary.png\" alt=\"49 horsediary\" /></p>','',1,47,'2009-01-19 13:43:57',62,'','2015-03-31 12:48:08',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 13:43:57','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,61,'','',1,1754,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3548,4211,'Training','training-and-intensity-en-2','<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-trainingwindow.png\" alt=\"49 trainingwindow\" /></p>\r\n<p>Provide information about training intensity on the \"Training page\". You can select the pre-defined levels by double-clicking on the blue text or moving the slider along the scale. Initially it is recommended to select the pre-defined level you think fits your horse. You can later adjust the training level as you gain experience with the program.</p>\r\n<p>Some general advice: <span style=\"color: #009933;\"></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"color: #009933;\"><strong>Maintenance (0)</strong></span>: No training.<br /><span style=\"color: #009933;\"><strong>Light training</strong></span>: Energy requirement increased by 25%. For horses during moderate riding exercise. <br /><span style=\"color: #009933;\"><strong>Moderate training</strong></span>: Energy requirement increased by 50%. For horses training for dressage, jumping, distance riding and other strenuous activities.<br /><span style=\"color: #009933;\"><strong>Hard training</strong></span>: Energy requirement increased by 75%. For trotters and horses that are trained heavily several times per week.<br /><span style=\"color: #009933;\"><strong>Intensive training</strong></span>. Energy requirement increased by 100%. For fullblood horses in training and heavily trained trotters.</p>','',1,47,'2009-01-19 13:45:16',62,'','2015-03-31 12:40:10',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 13:45:16','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,65,'','',1,1784,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3549,4212,'Gewichtsrechner','weight-calculator-en-2','<p>You can use the chest circumference to calculate body weight. Click<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ff0000;\"> </span><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/130 questionmark.jpg\" alt=\"130 questionmark\" width=\"27\" height=\"20\" />for help!</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-weightcalculator.png\" alt=\"49 weightcalculator\" /></p>\r\n<p>Provide a chest girth measurement and click \"BRUSTUMFANG BERECHNEN\" The weight in the table is changed.</p>\r\n<p>You may also do a backward calculation. Activate a body weight in the table, and click&nbsp; \"GEWICHT BERECHNEN\"&nbsp; PC-Horse will estimate the chest girth.</p>\r\n<p>In the drop-down list you will find common body weights for different breeds (max/min).</p>\r\n<p><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">How to take a measurement: </span>You need a cm-band, 2 - 2,5 m long. Place the band around the chest in the position shown in the drawing. Tighten the band until you are just able to insert your hand between the skin and the band. Remember that there is commonly an error margin of 5% when you estimate body weight from chest girth. You can reduce the variation by being careful to place the band in the same position and try to tighten it to the same extent every time. Be smart - take a chest girth measurement at times when you have access to a scale, and try to adjust any systematic errors when you measure the girth.</p>','',1,47,'2009-01-19 14:04:41',62,'','2015-03-31 12:17:20',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 14:04:41','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,73,'','',1,2235,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3550,4213,'Körpergewicht','bodyweight-en-2','<p>In the \"Body weight\" screen you can enter updated body weights as often as you wish. You can also insert old weight recordings at any point in the table.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-bodyweight_1.png\" alt=\"49 bodyweight 1\" /></p>\r\n<p><br />Click \"NEUES KÖRPERGEWICHT\" to enter a fresh weight record.<br />Double-click the weight field and enter the new weight, then add a date in the date field.</p>\r\n<p>Use \"SORTIEREN\" to arrange a series of weight records into chronological order.&nbsp; The graph containing body weight data is updated continuously once two or more weight records have been entered.<br /><br />For young horses the weight graphs are accompanied by two blue lines showing the difference between expected weight development (average, plus or minus 5%) and the present expected weight (orange triangle). Use the blue lines to follow the growth of your horse (red circles) and, if necessary, to change the level of feeding during periods of heavy exercise or rapid growth.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-bodyweight_2.png\" alt=\"49 bodyweight 2\" /></p>\r\n<p>Click \"BERICH ANZEIGEN\" to get a printable weight report. You must leave the screen and reopen it to re-activate the weight graph.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-bodyweight_3.png\" alt=\"49 bodyweight 3\" /></p>','',1,47,'2009-01-19 13:56:23',62,'','2015-03-31 12:11:34',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 13:56:23','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,79,'','',1,1909,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3551,4214,'Laktation & Trächtigkeit','pregnant-and-lactating-mares-en-2','<p>When you have selected a pregnant or lactating mare you must enter dates for last mating or for birth in the box for reproduction data. Click the arrow to use the calendar function. Click the month field or the year field to get \"drop down\" help (for all calendars).<br /><br /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-pregnantmare.png\" alt=\"49 pregnantmare\" /></p>\r\n<p>You may also plan ahead for your lactating mare i a similar manner.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-lactationmare.png\" alt=\"49 lactationmare\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>','',1,47,'2009-01-19 13:42:29',62,'','2015-03-31 11:51:32',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 13:42:29','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,84,'','',1,1807,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3552,4215,'Pferdebild','your-own-horse-picture-en-2','<p>Replace the PC-Horse default horse picture by a favourite picture of your own horse. This will provide immediate confirmation that you are working with the correct horse.</p>\r\n<p>Click the button \"Select picture\" and you will activate a window for the selection of pictures from the library provided with PC-Horse, or click on the folder symbol, to find pictures from any other location on your computer.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-horsepicture_1.png\" alt=\"49 horsepicture 1\" /><br /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-horsepicture_2.png\" alt=\"49 horsepicture 2\" /></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;\">Select your picture by double-clicking on the filename, or select the \"Open\" button. The program adjusts the picture to a suitable format. Your original picture is not changed. Press the OK button to finish. You may change the picture any time. </span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-horsepicture_3.png\" alt=\"49 horsepicture 3\" /></p>','',1,47,'2009-01-19 13:28:31',62,'','2015-03-31 11:32:03',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 13:28:31','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,85,'','',1,1882,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3553,4216,'Wachsendes Pferd','defining-a-young-horse-en-2','<p>A help window is opened when you select \"Young horse\". In this window you can provide information on birth date, expected adult body weight (preselected if you have already provided breed and sex). You may also change the adult body weight and&nbsp;adjust the age of the horse, using the sliding scale.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-younghorsewindow_1.png\" alt=\"49 younghorsewindow 1\" /><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><br /><br /></span>When finished,&nbsp;press \"OK\", and a new box will open on the right hand side of the horse screen. Here you will find a compilation of the data for growth and body weights. Click \"ENTER\" to show the body weight table. You may change the targeted body weight gain and provide information about training.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-younghorsewindow_2.png\" alt=\"49 younghorsewindow 2\" /></p>','',1,47,'2009-01-19 13:39:22',62,'','2015-03-31 11:41:19',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 13:39:22','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,94,'','',1,1879,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3554,4217,'Pferdedaten eingeben ','defining-your-horse-en-2','<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"10\" cellpadding=\"10\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1</td>\r\n<td>2</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-definehorse_1.png\" alt=\"49 definehorse 1\" /></td>\r\n<td><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-definehorse_2.png\" alt=\"49 definehorse 2\" /></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times;\">1. Provide information about the breed. Click <img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/130 questionmark.jpg\" alt=\"130 questionmark\" width=\"27\" height=\"20\" /> to get a predefined list of breeds to select from. When using the preselected breeds your program will propose a body weight. You may change this weight at any time based on your own knowledge.</span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times;\"> <span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">2</span>. In the frames for <span class=\"style5\"><strong><strong>Sex, Blood type*, Horse type** and Birth date</strong></strong></span> you select the correct values for your horse. If the breed is selected from the predefined list, PC-Horse will select the correct blood type.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"style9\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times;\"><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><strong><em><span>*Criteria for selection of Blood type: </span></em></strong></span></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"style9\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times;\"><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><strong><em>Coldblood - pony</em></strong></span> for all types of coldblooded horses and ponies (except coldblooded trotters)<br /><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><em><strong>Warmblood - Coldblooded trotter</strong></em></span> for all warmblooded horses and coldblooded trotters.<br /><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><em><strong><em><strong>Fullblood</strong></em></strong></em></span> for English fullblood and Arabians</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"style11\"><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times;\">**Criteria for selection of horse type: </span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times;\"><span class=\"style12\">Young horse </span>is used for growing horses aged 0-3 years. You should provide breed, birth date, and expected adult body weight, targeted gain (rapid for trotters, fullblood and for warmblooded riding horses that are raised to compete at an early age), and, when relevant, the intensity of training. A rapid targeted gain should also be selected for young hosres that are raised outside in groups. </span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times;\">Do not select <em><strong><span style=\"color: #009933;\">training </span></strong></em> until your horse is trained systematically. <br /> Smaller trips should not be registered as <em><strong><span style=\"color: #009933;\">training</span></strong></em>. Training leads to increased energy requirements, and the balance between energy and protein requirements change. Daily feed allocations will affect the daily gain in body weight. <strong><em><span style=\"color: #009933;\"><br /> <br /> </span></em></strong><span class=\"style12\">Maintenance </span> is used for horses that are not trained or used for other types of work, for instance a convalescent. When you have entered the body weight for horses that are not trained you may adjust the energy requirements in accordance with the body condition of the horse. If your horse is thin and needs to gain weight, you can correct the daily energy requirement by 10-15% for a period. In the same way you will reduce the requirement for a horse that is to fat and needs to lose condition. <em><strong><span style=\"color: #009933;\"><br /> <br /> </span></strong></em><strong><span class=\"style9\">Training - Competition</span></strong> is used for trained horses and for horses where the work load increases the energy demands above the demands required for maintenance. When Training is selected you should check the body weight of your horse, and proceed to the screen labelled \"Training\" where you provide more detailed information about the intensity of training.</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times;\"><span class=\"style9\"><strong>Pregnant mare</strong></span>is used for the mare from mating to parturition. You should provide the date for the last mating in the \"Date of mating\" field. The program keeps track of the pregnancy month, and corrects requirements for energy and nutrients accordingly. The energy requirements are identical to maintenance for the first 2/3 of the pregnancy, and then increases progressively until term.</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times;\"><span class=\"style9\"><strong>Lactating mare</strong></span> is used for mares that have given birth and are suckled. The program keeps track of the lactation month, and corrects requirements for energy and nutrients accordingly.</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times;\"><span class=\"style12\">Stallion</span> is used only when the horse is used in active service. Stallions that are trained for competiotions should be defined as \"Training - Competition\".<a name=\"C10\"></a></span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times;\"><strong><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">Active horse</span></strong> is used to provide extra energy for horses that are having access to larger areas of land, and are active without being in an training program. Energy requirements are increased by 10%.</span></p>\r\n<p><br /><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times;\"><br /></span></p>','',1,47,'2009-01-19 13:33:28',62,'','2015-03-31 10:32:00',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 13:33:28','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,95,'','',1,2109,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3555,4218,'Modellpferde','modellhaestar59808-2','<div>\r\n<p>Feature active in version: <span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\"> &nbsp; PROFESSIONAL &nbsp;</span> &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">&nbsp; CONSULTANT &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"> &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">&nbsp; EDUCATION &nbsp; </span></span></span></p>\r\n</div>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-modelhorse_1.png\" alt=\"49 modelhorse 1\" /></p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse will create a set of pre-defined horses to speed up your creation of new horses. This is particularly useful for nutrition consultants. From the menu selection \"Modelhorse-Stable\" you can create model stables and model horses.</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-modelhorse_2.png\" alt=\"49 modelhorse 2\" />&nbsp;<strong> <span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">&gt; &gt;&nbsp;<img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-modelhorse_3.png\" alt=\"49 modelhorse 3\" /></span></strong></p>\r\n<p>Following the creation of a model stable, a collection of pre-defined model horses can also be created. The horses can be accessed in the same way as your own horses, and changed according to your needs.</p>\r\n<p class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><strong>Create a new model horse:<br /></strong>When a model stable is selected as your active stable, a click on the \"New horse\" button will create a new model horse. You can change the properties of this horse according to your needs. When a model horse is saved, it will not become older in the same way as ordinary horses - provided it remains in the Model stable.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-modelhorse_4.png\" alt=\"49 modelhorse 4\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><br />Special properties of Model horses:<br /></span></strong>Model horses and model stables are easily identified by their black and white icons. Another important property is that model horses remain at the age they had when initially defined. Thus, if you have created a 6-month old horse it will remain at that age as long as it existst in a model horse stable. A model horse therefore remains as a \"template\" horse.</p>\r\n<p>When your model horses are dragged out of a model stable and dropped onto an ordinary stable, the model horse is transformed into an \"<strong>ordinary</strong>\" horse and you can use it in the same way as any other horse. PC-Horse creates a clone of this horse which remains available for further use in the Model stable - as a \"template\".</p>','',1,47,'2009-01-19 14:14:29',62,'','2015-03-31 12:59:48',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 14:14:29','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',8,110,'','',1,2174,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3556,4219,'Körpergewicht justieren','adjusting-body-weight-slimming-or-fattening-2','<p><strong>Adjusting body weight for slimming or fattening:</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-170 correction weight.jpg\" alt=\"44-170 correction weight\" width=\"294\" height=\"82\" /><br /><br />The slider allows you to adjust the energy requirement of your horse without changing the demands for other nutrients. Increasing the body weight leads to an increase in energy requirements calculated by PC-Horse.</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-166 estimate girth.jpg\" alt=\"44-166 estimate girth\" width=\"111\" height=\"24\" /> Click the button to see the weight.</p>','',1,47,'2009-01-19 14:11:00',62,'','2015-02-25 09:59:50',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 14:11:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',6,125,'','',1,903,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3557,4220,'Ernährungszustand justieren','body-condition-2','<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-hold.png\" alt=\"49 hold\" /><br /><br /><strong>Making adjustments for the changes in condition of the horse: <br /></strong>Body proportions will change when a horse grows fatter. As you can discover for yourself by using the PC-Horse program, fatter horses will weigh less for any given chest girth than leaner horses. You should provide information about the condition of your horse when you calculate from chest girth values.</p>\r\n<p>The body condition function is not active for young horses. You may adjust the body condition of young horses by changing training intensity, or by changing the daily body weight gain.</p>\r\n<p>Please observe that there is a danger that young horses that have become too thin, may be given too much feed. This leads to a rapid compensatory growth, easily observed in the body weight graph. This increases the risk of developing skeletal disorders including osteochondrosis, stiff joints, painful of swollen epiphyseal growth zones, and inflammation in the carpal joints. We recommend that a thin young horse be given ample time to regain body condition.</p>\r\n<p>Watch your young horse carefully, and increase energy intake to about 10% above the calculated requirements for weight, growth rate and activity. Be sure to allow a thin horse plentiful freedom of movement when it is supposed to regain body condition and strengthen skeleton and joints.</p>','',1,47,'2009-01-19 14:10:07',62,'','2015-03-31 12:28:12',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 14:10:07','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',8,130,'','',1,1947,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3558,4221,'Fütterungsplan drucken','print-list-of-meals-en-2','<p>On the page \"<span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">Amounts of feed needed in stable\"</span> you will find the button: \"Zusammenfassung der Rationen\" which allows you to print meal tables for all horses in the stable.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-stablereport_2.png\" alt=\"49 stablereport 2\" /></p>','',1,46,'2009-01-19 12:16:13',62,'','2015-02-25 09:46:56',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 12:16:13','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,27,'','',1,1771,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3559,4222,'Fütterungsplan  (Pferde)','allocate-the-ration-en-2','<p><strong>Providing amounts and making meal charts:<br /></strong>This is done in the \"Horse window\" - individually for each horse.<br />The ration can be subdivided into the different individual meals (feeding times) that are provided in the stable. You can do this for the first time once you have a formulation for the daily ration, as signified by the appearance of the tab \"Mealchart\".</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-128%20daily%20ration_1.png\" alt=\"49 128 daily ration 1\" /></p>\r\n<p>After having marked a feed as active (blue colour), you may divide the daily allocation in equal amounts, or give specified amounts at specific meals (Feeding 1, Feeding 2 etc). Check out your results by clicking the \"Show report\" button. When you are satisfied, you can print the Meal chart.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-128%20daily%20ration_2.png\" alt=\"49 128 daily ration 2\" /></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-128%20daily%20ration_3.png\" alt=\"49 128 daily ration 3\" /></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-128%20daily%20ration_4.png\" alt=\"49 128 daily ration 4\" /></p>','',1,46,'2009-01-19 12:13:46',62,'','2015-02-25 09:48:22',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 12:13:46','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,33,'','',1,1812,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3560,4223,'Stall und Pferde importieren','importstable73117-2','<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">You can import</span> <span class=\"hps\">stables</span> <span class=\"hps\">located</span> <span class=\"hps\">elsewhere on</span> <span class=\"hps\">your computer</span><span>, such as</span> <span class=\"hps\">a previous installation</span> <span class=\"hps\">location or</span> <span class=\"hps\">on a data</span> <span class=\"hps\">stick.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Or</span> <span class=\"hps\">stables that</span> <span class=\"hps\">you received</span> <span class=\"hps\">by email.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span class=\"hps\">Go</span> <span class=\"hps\">to the main menu</span> <span class=\"hps\">\"File</span><span>\" and click</span> <span class=\"hps\">\"Import</span> a <span class=\"hps\">stable</span> <span class=\"hps\">from</span> <span class=\"hps\">file\".</span> <span class=\"hps\">Search</span> <span class=\"hps\">your computer for</span> <span class=\"hps\">your backups</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">or \"</span><span>Save</span> <span class=\"hps\">Folder</span><span>\"</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">In this</span> <span class=\"hps\">lies</span> <span class=\"hps\">one or more folders</span> <span class=\"hps\">with the</span> <span class=\"hps\">stable´s</span> <span class=\"hps\">name.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Open</span> <span class=\"hps\">each</span> <span class=\"hps\">stable</span> <span class=\"hps\">folder and click</span> the <span class=\"hps\">stables</span> <span class=\"hps\">file (.</span> p<span class=\"hps\">cs</span><span>)</span> <span class=\"hps\">that often lie</span> <span class=\"hps\">at the bottom</span><span>.</span> <span class=\"hps\">You will then be</span> <span class=\"hps\">asked if</span> <span class=\"hps\">you</span> <span class=\"hps\">also</span> <span class=\"hps\">want to import</span> <span class=\"hps\">the horses</span> <span class=\"hps\">in the stable.</span></p>\r\n<p><span class=\"hps\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-stableimport.png\" alt=\"49 stableimport\" /></span></p>','',1,46,'2013-10-11 09:33:32',62,'','2015-02-25 10:02:19',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2013-10-11 09:33:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":67,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',8,49,'','',1,3222,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3561,4224,'Drucker einrichten','select-printer-eng-2','<p>Select the printer you want to use for PC-Horse in \"Settings / Printer Settings\". If you do not change anything, the program selects automatically the system\'s default printer.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-printerselection.png\" alt=\"49 printerselection\" /></p>','',1,45,'2012-02-29 10:16:58',62,'','2015-02-25 09:45:24',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2012-02-29 10:16:58','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,42,'','',1,1706,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3562,4225,'Starthilfe','starthelp-en-2','<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"medium_text\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"När programmet startar visas automatisk ett fönter som kan underlätta arbetet för Dig som har många stall och hästar att hålla reda på.\">Feature active in version: <span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\">   PROFESSIONAL  </span>  <span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">  CONSULTANT  <span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">  <span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\">  EDUCATION   </span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"medium_text\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"När programmet startar visas automatisk ett fönter som kan underlätta arbetet för Dig som har många stall och hästar att hålla reda på.\">When the program starts, you will see a start help window to make it easier to keep track of stables and horses. <br /></span></span>Look for a link to download and install any new versions of the guaranteed feed list. The link is shown (visible, blue) when there is a new feed list to be downloaded from www.pc-horse.com</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-startwindow.png\" alt=\"49 startwindow\" /></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>If you don´t want this screen to be shown next time you are in the program - just enter a tick in the lower left corner</li>\r\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Du kan när som helst ta fram starthjälpen igen från huvudmenyn WINDOW\">You can always turn it on again from the main menu WINDOW</span></span></li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p> </p>','',1,45,'2010-03-27 09:22:24',62,'','2015-02-25 09:44:37',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2010-03-27 09:22:24','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,47,'','',1,1868,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3563,4226,'Arbeitsanfang','starting-to-work-en-2','<p>First checks:</p>\r\n<p><strong>1. If necessary, correct the language your computer is set to (it must be the same as the version of PC-Horse you have purchased)<br /><br />2. Is Microsoft Explorer installed (needed for reports, etc)</strong></p>\r\n<p>Now click <img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-startbutton.png\" alt=\"49 startbutton\" /> to open the program. <br /><br />PC-Horse uses three basic elements that are logically linked:</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Stable</li>\r\n<li>Feed lists (feeds) </li>\r\n<li>Horses</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>You will get the best results when you follow the logic of the program, starting by entering the data for your stable first. Then define the feed list with the feeds that you are going to feed the horses in your stable, adding or removing feeds according to your own needs. This will make work with your horses easier.</p>\r\n<p>The elements that you create are represented in the tree-view in the left of the screen. The tree-view can be expanded or contracted in a standard Windows manner.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-filelist.png\" alt=\"49 filelist\" /></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49_filelist_2.png\" alt=\"49 filelist 2\" /></p>','',1,45,'2008-09-23 12:11:01',62,'','2015-02-25 09:44:16',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-23 12:11:01','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,51,'','',1,1747,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3564,4227,'Neue Lizenz bestellen','ordering-a-new-license-en-2','<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Some of the steps you will take when you order your new license:</strong></span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-licence_1.png\" alt=\"49 licence 1\" /></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Enter information in all fields. Click the \"Continue\" button</li>\r\n<li>Check your input values. Return to correct them if neccesary or proceed to payment.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-license_2.png\" alt=\"49 license 2\" /></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>\r\n<div align=\"left\">Follow the instructions on how to pay with your credit card.</div>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>You will be informed if something is wrong in the payment procedure</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-license_3.png\" alt=\"49 license 3\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>When payment is accepted, you will receive your license code by email and on your screen. </strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-license_4.png\" alt=\"49 license 4\" /></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><strong><span class=\"hps\">Starting with version</span> <span class=\"hps\">2.24</span></strong><span><strong>,</strong> your</span> <span class=\"hps\">new</span> <span class=\"hps\">license</span> <span class=\"hps\">string</span> will be <span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">automatically</span> <span class=\"hps\">loaded</span></span> <span class=\"hps\">into the program</span> <span class=\"hps\">when</span> <span class=\"hps\">you have completed</span> <span class=\"hps\">the purchase.</span> </span></p>\r\n<p><strong><span class=\"hps\">Otherwise</span>, do the following:</strong></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Copy your new personal license code from either source.</li>\r\n<li>Paste it into the upper yellow field: (*)</li>\r\n<li>Click the \"Activate license\" button. PC-Horse will be ready for your new license extension or program version. You may be asked to restart the program if you are updating to a higher version.</li>\r\n<li>A copy of the licence code is sent to your email address. Save it for later use. <br /><strong>NB! Save your license in a safe place. </strong>The license is personal and any abuse of it is illegal. All downloads and updates are controlled by PC-Horse. The license will be invalidated if used by non-authorized persons.</li>\r\n</ol>','',1,45,'2009-01-19 11:57:07',62,'','2015-02-25 09:43:50',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 11:57:07','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,57,'lisens PC-Horse, lisenstid PC-Horse','Her bestiller du lisens for deg selv eller for andre. Fyll i samtlige felt. Glem ikke å oppgi hvor eller av hvem du har kjøpt programmet.',1,1796,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3565,4228,'Lizenz & Aktualisierungen','purchase-of-licenses-en-2','<p><strong>Purchase of licenses</strong></p>\r\n<p>The program file that you download and install is a complete version. You also download a second file (your license file). This determines the version that will run on your computer. Your license is handled through the <strong>license window</strong> where you have several choices:</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-licencebuttons.png\" alt=\"49 licencebuttons\" /></p>\r\n<p>Your program version and your license expiry date are both shown in the window.</p>\r\n<p>You will receive a reminder 7 days before your license expires via email or SMS. It is therefore important that you provide correct contact information (email and mobile phone number) when you purchase your license.</p>','',1,45,'2009-01-19 11:47:58',62,'','2015-02-25 09:43:17',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 11:47:58','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,62,'','',1,1796,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3566,4229,'Some tips to observe before you start using PC-Horse!','tips48559-3','<table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\" cellspacing=\"10\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"http://www.pc-horse.com/images-joomla/stories/symboler/kilo.jpg\" alt=\"kilo\" /></td>\r\n<td>Different feeds have different densities. Remember that a one-litre or other container that you use will not provide 1 kg of feed. Always use a scale to control the amounts of concentrate in your full container. It is also a good idea to weigh the usual amount of hay for each horse so that you can learn to judge how much a kilo of hay is, before you go on to formulate rations with PC-Horse. You can then ensure that the diets formulated for you by the PC-Horse program make good sense.</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/banners/44-tscontrol200.png\" alt=\"44 tscontrol200\" height=\"60\" width=\"60\" /></td>\r\n<td>When feeding homegrown or purchased silages, you should try to determine or judge the dry matter content. Silages with different water content will provide different amounts of nutrients per kilo of feed. If you give feeds that you mix with water (i.e. beet pulp), please observe that all amounts in PC-Horse refers to the dry feed.</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 24pt; color: #ff0000;\"><strong>MJ</strong></span></td>\r\n<td>It is difficult to calculate the energy requirement for exercising horses accurately. If your horse performs well with the amounts of feed you are giving, you should base your first rations on your current diet. You may then calculate \"backwards\" in PC-Horse to determine the level of training that suits the diet you are providing.</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"http://www.pc-horse.com/images-joomla/stories/symboler/mattband.jpg\" alt=\"mattband\" /></td>\r\n<td>Always try to estimate the body weight as accurately as you can. You can measure the chest girth or use a scale whenever you have access to one. For young horses you are also asked to provide the expected adult body weight. This is difficult and PC-Horse gives you some suggestions. Additionally, take the mother\'s body weight into account if your horse is a mare, and increase it if the horse is a male, or if the father is a particularly large horse.</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>','',1,45,'2009-01-19 16:40:33',62,'','2015-02-10 17:13:25',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 16:40:33','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,64,'','',1,2194,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3567,4230,'Min Sida (2)','mypage97265-2','<p>Från och med version 2.18 (lanseras september 2012) kan Du, när du är uppkopplad mot internet, klicka på knappen \"Min Sida\" för att se exakt vad som gäller för Ditt program och licens. (Även när Du inte är uppkopplad mot internet kan du se Dina basuppgifter på licensfliken i programmet - gröna rutan)</p>\r\n<p><img alt=\"46 mypage\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/46-images/46%20mypage.png\" height=\"310\" width=\"550\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>På Din Sida kan Du bjuda in dina vänner och ge dem möjlighet att köpa PC-Horse till nedsatt pris. Här ser Du även en lista över vilka som utnyttjat Ditt erbjudande och vilka som ännu ej gjort detta.</p>\r\n<p>Du kan även ändra Dina kontaktuppgifter i vår databas så att du inte går miste om vära automatiska aviseringar av nya foderlistor, programversioner, med mera.</p>','',0,45,'2012-08-31 09:28:25',62,'','2015-01-12 11:31:43',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2012-08-31 09:28:25','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',5,81,'','',1,85,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3568,4231,'Einfache Abkürzungen','shortcuts35610-2','<p>You may use buttons and common Windows functions to make your work with PC-Horse easier.</p>\r\n<p>A single click on the \"Close windows\" button closes all open windows:<br /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-shortcuts_1.png\" alt=\"49 shortcuts 1\" /></p>\r\n<p>Right-click on the icons in the left column:</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49_filelist_2.png\" alt=\"49 filelist 2\" /></p>\r\n<p>Left-click on subjects in the main menu:</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-clicktopmenu.jpg\" alt=\"44-clicktopmenu\" width=\"550\" height=\"248\" /></p>\r\n<p> </p>','',1,45,'2011-03-31 10:05:52',62,'','2015-02-25 09:45:03',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2011-03-31 10:05:52','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"created_by\":62,\"created_by_alias\":\"\",\"access\":0,\"created\":\"\",\"publish_up\":\"\",\"publish_down\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"show_section\":\"\",\"link_section\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_pdf_icon\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"language\":\"\",\"keyref\":\"\",\"readmore\":\"\"}',10,96,'','',1,1783,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"tags\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3569,4232,'Demos','demos-en-2','<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><img style=\"margin-right: 20px; vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/minuttipset60px.jpg\" alt=\"minuttipset60px\" width=\"60\" height=\"60\" /><strong>Watch a movie</strong></p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a href=\"http://download.pc-horse.com/Movies/44-Define%20a%20horse.swf\">Defining a horse in PC-Horse</a></strong></li>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a href=\"http://download.pc-horse.com/Movies/44-Feedlists.swf\">How to work with feed lists</a></strong></li>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a href=\"http://download.pc-horse.com/Movies/44-Own%20feed.swf\">How to make your \"own\" feeds</a></strong></li>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a href=\"http://download.pc-horse.com/Movies/44-Modelhorses.swf\">How to work with model horses</a></strong></li>\r\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Windows Media Player</span> <span class=\"hps\">should normally</span> <span class=\"hps\">be able to play</span> <span class=\"hps\">ours \".</span>m<span class=\"hps\">ov-files\"</span><span class=\"hps\"> otherwise</span><br /><span class=\"hps\">you may download</span> <span class=\"hps\">Apple</span> <span class=\"hps\">Quicktime</span> <span class=\"hps\">Player for Windows</span> <a href=\"http://support.apple.com/kb/DL837\"><span class=\"hps\">for free</span> <span class=\"hps\">here</span></a></span><a href=\"http://support.apple.com/kb/DL837\"></a></p>\r\n</div>','',1,45,'2009-09-29 19:44:58',62,'','2015-02-02 09:41:12',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-09-29 19:44:58','0000-00-00 00:00:00','How to make a horse diet, How to make a feeding plan for horses, how to make a feeding schedule for horses, how to make a horse ration','','{\"show_title\":\"1\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',84,86,'','How to make a horse diet, How to make a feeding plan for horses, how to make a feeding schedule for horses, how to make a horse ration',1,7563,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3570,4233,'PC-Horse im Ausbildung','pc-horse-in-education','<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-8-education.jpg\" alt=\"00-8-education\" width=\"150\" height=\"100\" /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/situations/00-6-skolstall.jpg\" alt=\"00-6-skolstall\" width=\"150\" height=\"100\" /></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"long_text\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"PC-Horse används idag på många naturbruksgymnasier och ledande utbildningsanstalter.\">PC-Horse has been used as an educational tool in Scandinavia for veterinary and animal science students for more than 15 years. </span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Efter inledande utbildning om hästens behov och de grundlaggande principerna för hur foderstater beräknas ger PC-Horse en överlägsen fortsättningskvalitet för elevernas förståelse för hur olika hästar i olika situationer har skilda behov av utfodring.\"><br /><br />When students have acquired basic knowledge of nutritional physiology and how horses\' requirements for their various nutrients are calculated and expressed, PC-Horse is the logical next step in training students in the formulation of practical diets. PC-Horse use both generic feeds and commercial products that are on the market now. PC-Horse is an excellent tool for obtaining a thorough understanding of how physiological and genetic factors, including growth rate, training, lactation and blood type all affect the requirements for nutrients. <br /><br /></span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Med hjälp av programmets pedagogiska grafik och enkelhet att hantera kan elever snabbt prova alternativa utfodringsstrategier, byta fodertyper, jämföra näringsinnehåll i olika foder - samt, via programmets \">With the help of the program\'s educational graphics, students can quickly test out alternative feeding strategies, define new feeds, compare the nutritional content of different feeds - and, helped by the inbuilt \"expert advice\", quickly find answers to the possible effects of nutritional deficiencies, and how they can be prevented. </span><span title=\".\"><br /><br /></span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"För lärarna innebär det att man kan uppnå ett högt utbildningsmål i förhållande till tillgängliga lektionstimmar.\">For teachers, PC-Horse is a tool helping them to achieve high educational goals within available class hours. In addition, </span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Eleverna, som har egna programlicenser, stimuleras till eget arbete - kanske med sin favorithäst.\">students may buy software licenses for their own laptops at heavily discounted rates, thus stimulating their own work - for instance with their favourite horse. </span></span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"long_text\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\" title=\"Och Sverige kan se fram mot en ny generation välutbildade och kunniga hästmänniskor!\"></span></span></p>','',1,103,'2009-04-02 08:00:02',62,'','2015-02-25 10:15:48',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-04-02 08:00:02','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',37,9,'','',1,2852,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3571,4234,'Deutsch Version herunterladen','download-german-version','<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">It is good practice to regularly download the latest version of the software. The program is developed continuously. When you download the latest version, the latest feed list is automatically included.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http://download.pc-horse.com/install/49install.exe\"><img src=\"images/PCHlogo49.jpg\" alt=\"\" /></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http://download.pc-horse.com/install/49install.exe\">Download Deutsch Version</a></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"text-align: center;\">1. If you want to download and install the latest version now, you must first choose to save the installation file on your computer and exit PC-Horse prior to installing it. It is not possible to install the PC-Horse-upgrade while running the program.</span></p>\r\n<p>2. The MINI version can only work with one (1) horse. If the installer is in a MINI-license of a former \"higher\" version and contains more horses and / or livestock, these are automatically saved. Note that these cannot be activated until you have purchased a higher version again and re-imported all horses to the program. No horses will disappear if you have backed up or totally uninstalled PC-Horse from your computer.</p>\r\n<p>3. Ordering a license, license extension or up- or down-grading to another version can only be done from within the program. Our licensing system automatically recognizes which version you have and how many days are left of your license. This is so that you only pay the difference between the license period already paid and the new.</p>','',1,13,'2015-01-10 12:18:04',10,'','2016-09-14 12:56:14',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-10 12:18:04','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',9,2,'','',1,4253,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3572,4235,'Fünf Programmversionen','versions-de','<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"20\" cellpadding=\"20\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=328:foderstatsraeknare-mini&amp;catid=1:programversioner&amp;Itemid=307\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/PCHlogo-Mini-165px.jpg\" alt=\"PCHlogo Mini 165px\" width=\"165\" height=\"61\" /></a></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=62:foderstatsprogram-standard&amp;catid=1:programversioner&amp;Itemid=86\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/standard.jpg\" alt=\"standard\" width=\"180\" height=\"66\" /></a></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=63:foderstatsprogram-pro&amp;catid=1:programversioner&amp;Itemid=87\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/PCHlogo-Professional-165px.jpg\" alt=\"PCHlogo Professional 165px\" width=\"165\" height=\"66\" /></a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">For the single-horse owner</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">For horse owners, small stables, breeders and students of equine nutrition</span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><strong><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">For horse professionals,&nbsp;larger stables&nbsp;serving several horse owners and operations <br />where&nbsp;cost efficient feeding is&nbsp;important </span></strong></span></strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=64:konsulentversjonen&amp;catid=1:programversioner&amp;Itemid=88\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/consultant44.jpg\" alt=\"consultant44\" width=\"180\" height=\"66\" /></a></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=330:foderstatsprogram-skola&amp;catid=1:programversioner&amp;Itemid=317\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/education44.jpg\" alt=\"education44\" width=\"180\" height=\"66\" /></a></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><strong><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">Optimized for feed companies, advisors, helpdesk workers, consultants and veterinarians </span></strong></span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><strong><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\">A specialized version for educational institutions</span></strong></span></strong></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span class=\"Fetstilsvart\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\"></span><span class=\"hps\" title=\"Klicka om du vill visa alternativa översättningar\"></span></span></strong></span></strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>','',1,90,'2008-09-11 10:06:43',62,'','2018-05-24 12:09:47',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-09-11 10:06:43','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',8,10,'','',1,1966,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),