<p style="text-align: justify;"><span id="result_box" lang="fr"><span class="hps">Un certain nombre de</span> <span class="hps">systèmes</span> <span class="hps">existent</span> <span class="hps">pour calculer les besoins</span> <span class="hps">en nutriments</span> <span class="hps">et en énergie</span> <span class="hps">des différentes catégories de</span> <span class="hps">chevaux.</span> <span class="hps">Non seulement les</span> <span class="hps">races</span> <span class="hps">prédominantes</span> <span class="hps">et</span> <span class="hps">les</span> <span class="hps">climats</span> <span class="hps alt-edited">dans lesquels ils vivent</span> sont <span class="hps">différents</span><span>, mais la façon</span> dont les <span class="hps">nutritionnistes</span> <span class="hps">expriment</span> <span class="hps">leurs</span> <span class="hps">besoins</span> <span class="hps">diffère</span> <span class="hps">aussi grandement</span>. <span class="hps">Cela peut être</span> <span class="hps">source de confusion pour</span> <span class="hps">le propriétaire de cheval</span> <span class="hps">qui aimerait essayer de</span> <span class="hps">calculer les besoins</span> <span class="hps">en énergie, protéines</span> <span class="hps">et minéraux de </span><span class="hps">son cheval</span><span>,</span> <span class="hps">surtout lorsqu'on tente de</span> <span class="hps">comparer ces exigences</span> <span class="hps">au delà des frontières</span> <span class="hps">nationales ou</span> <span class="hps">de communiquer sur</span> <span class="hps">des normes</span> <span class="hps">en </span><span class="hps">énergie</span> <span class="hps">et en protéines</span> <span class="hps">alors que</span> <span class="hps">la base</span> d<span class="hps">e calcul des exigences</span> <span class="hps">diffère</span>. <span class="hps">Différentes méthodes</span> <span class="hps">peuvent également</span> <span class="hps">exprimer</span> <span class="hps">le même</span> <span class="hps">besoin </span><span class="hps">de différentes manières et</span> <span class="hps">avec différentes unités</span>. <span class="hps">Par exemple</span>: <span class="hps">les exigences</span> en <span class="hps">énergie</span> <span class="hps">peuvent être</span> <span class="hps">exprimées en</span> <em><span class="hps">énergie digestible</span></em>, <span class="hps">énergie métabolisable</span> <span class="hps">ou en énergie</span> <span class="hps">nette</span>, <span class="hps">et pour ajouter plus de </span><span class="hps">confusion</span>, <span class="hps">les</span> <span class="hps">unités d'énergie</span> <span class="hps">elles-mêmes</span> <span class="hps">peuvent être exprimées en</span> <em><span class="hps">Mégacalories</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span>MCal), <span class="hps">Mégajoules</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span>MJ) <span class="hps alt-edited">ou en</span> <span class="hps">unités d'aliments</span></em><span>.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span id="result_box" lang="fr"><span class="hps">Les règles</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span>équations)</span> <span class="hps">pour</span> <span class="hps">le calcul</span> <span class="hps">des besoins énergétiques</span> <span class="hps">sont</span> <span class="hps">issues d'essais cliniques</span> <span class="hps">à grande échelle</span> <span id="result_box" lang="fr">sur la <span class="hps alt-edited">digestion</span></span> <span class="hps">avec des chevaux et</span> <span class="hps">autres</span> <span class="hps">animaux de la ferme</span><span>.</span> <span class="hps">Heureusement</span><span>,</span> <span class="hps">il est possible de</span> <span class="hps">interconvertir</span> les besoins <span class="hps">exprimés en</span> <span class="hps">énergie</span> <span class="hps">digestible</span>, <span class="hps">métabolisable</span> <span class="hps">ou</span> <span class="hps">nette</span> <span class="hps">de l'un à</span> <span class="hps">l'autre</span><span>,</span> <span class="hps">et</span> <span class="hps atn">de re-</span><span>calculer</span> <span class="hps">à partir</span> <span class="hps">mégacalories</span> <span class="hps">en unités</span> <span class="hps alt-edited">d'aliments</span> <span class="hps">ou</span> en <span class="hps">mégajoules</span>.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hps">Le programme</span> <span class="hps">PC</span><span class="atn">-</span><span>Cheval</span> <span class="hps">permet à l'utilisateur</span> <span class="hps">de choisir entre</span> <span class="hps">les</span> <span class="hps">deux</span> <span class="hps">systèmes les plus importants</span> <span class="hps">actuellement utilisés</span> <span class="hps">dans le monde pour</span> <span class="hps">calculer les besoins en</span> <span class="hps">protéines et en énergie </span><span>:</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span id="result_box" lang="fr"><span class="hps">1</span>: <span class="hps">La</span> <span class="hps">«norme Européenne»</span> <span class="hps">est basée sur</span> <span class="hps">le système</span> des besoins en <span class="hps">énergie et en</span> <span class="hps">protéines </span><span class="hps">pour les chevaux. Ce système a été</span> <span class="hps">développé</span> <span class="hps">en France</span> <span class="hps">au cours des 20</span> <span class="hps">dernières années</span><span>,</span> <span class="hps">et</span> <span class="hps alt-edited">en outre</span> <span class="hps">ajusté</span> <span class="hps">par les Hollandais</span><span>.</span> <span class="hps">Ce</span> <span class="hps">système est actuellement</span> <span class="hps">recommandé</span> <span class="hps">par un groupe</span> <span class="hps">de</span> <span class="hps">scientifiques <span id="result_box" lang="fr"><span class="hps">nordiques </span></span>comme</span> <span class="hps">une norme commune pour</span> <span class="hps">les</span> <span class="hps">pays nordiques</span><span>.</span> <span class="hps">La</span> <span class="hps">«norme Européenne»</span> <span class="hps">est</span> <span class="hps">le choix par défaut</span> <span class="hps">pour les versions</span> <span class="hps">du programme</span> <span class="hps">PC</span><span class="atn">-</span><span>Cheval</span> <span class="hps">établies pour les</span> <span class="hps">ventes</span> <span class="hps">dans les pays Européens</span>. <span class="hps">En dehors de</span> <span class="hps">l'énergie</span> <span class="hps">et des protéines</span><span>,</span> <span class="hps">PC</span><span>-Horse</span> <span class="hps">utilise le système</span> <span class="hps alt-edited">NRC</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span>voir ci-dessous</span><span>)</span> <span class="hps">pour les minéraux</span> <span class="hps">et les vitamines</span><span>.</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hps">2</span>: <span class="hps">Les</span> <span class="hps">recommandations du Conseil</span> N<span class="hps">ational de Recherches</span> <span class="hps atn">(</span><span class="alt-edited">NRC 2007</span><span class="alt-edited">) ont été développées</span> <span class="hps">aux Etats-Unis</span> <span class="hps">et utilisées</span> <span class="hps">dans de nombreux</span> <span class="hps">autres pays</span> <span class="hps">à travers le monde</span>. <span class="hps">Le système</span> <span class="hps alt-edited">NRC</span> <span class="hps">exprime</span> <span class="hps">les besoins en protéines</span> <span class="hps alt-edited">en prenant</span> en compte <span class="hps">la protéine brute</span><span>.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span id="result_box" lang="fr"><span class="hps">Dans</span> <span class="hps">les</span> <span class="hps">pays Européens, nous</span> <span class="hps">avons</span> <span class="hps">choisi d'exprimer</span> <span class="hps">les</span> <span class="hps">besoins en protéines</span> <span class="hps alt-edited">en "protéines</span> <span class="hps">digestibles"</span>, <span class="hps">qui est</span> <span class="hps">une entité</span> <span class="hps">biologiquement plus</span> <span class="hps">pertinente que</span> <span class="hps">la protéine brute</span><span>,</span> <span class="hps alt-edited">puisque cette dernière</span> <span class="hps">ne prend en</span> <span class="hps">compte</span> <span class="hps alt-edited">que la teneur en azote</span> <span class="hps">de la ration</span><span>.</span> <span class="hps">PC</span><span class="atn">-</span><span>Horse</span> <span class="hps alt-edited">est livré</span><span class="atn"> </span><span class="alt-edited">aux détenteurs de licence</span> <span class="hps">avec des listes</span> <span class="hps alt-edited">d'aliments</span> <span class="hps">adaptées</span> <span class="hps">à leurs</span> <span class="hps">calculs d'énergie</span> <span class="hps">et de protéines</span><span>.</span> <span class="hps">Dans la version</span> <span class="hps">C</span><span class="hps">onsultant</span><span>,</span> <span class="hps">vous pourrez</span> <span class="hps atn">re-</span><span>calculer les</span> <span class="hps">concentrations en nutriments</span> <span class="hps">entre</span> <span class="hps">les</span> <span class="hps">deux</span> <span class="hps">systèmes</span><span>.</span> <span class="hps">Lors de l'importation</span> <span class="hps">des aliments</span> <span class="hps">dans le PC</span><span class="atn">-</span><span class="alt-edited">Horse,</span> <span class="hps">il est important</span> <span class="hps">pour l'utilisateur</span> <span class="hps">de vérifier</span> <span class="hps">que les</span> <span class="hps">analyses de</span> <span class="hps">fourrage et des</span> <span class="hps">besoins en éléments nutritifs</span> <span class="hps">sont exprimés</span> <span class="hps">dans les mêmes unités</span>.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hps">Pour plus d'informations</span> <span class="hps">sur les</span> <span class="hps">unités</span> <span class="hps">que</span> <span class="hps">PC</span><span>-Horse</span> <span class="hps">utilise</span><span>, consultez</span> <span class="hps atn">la page "</span><span>configurer"</span> <span class="hps">du programme</span><span>.</span></p>
<p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p>