(3907,4632,'Juillet 2015 – Riboflavine (Vitamine B2)','july2015-fr','<div style=\"text-align: right;\" dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3888:aimeriez-vous-faire-des-commentaires-sur-notre-article&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=fr-FR\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Vous pouvez</span> <span class=\"hps\">commenter cet article</span></span></a></strong></span></div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Les vitamines B sont un groupe de 8 vitamines hydrosolubles qui jouent des rôles importants dans le métabolisme cellulaire. Elles ne peuvent pas être produites par le corps lui-même, mais peuvent être produites par les bactéries, les champignons et les plantes. Pour le cheval, les microorganismes de l\'intestin (principalement le gros intestin) sont capables de synthétiser les vitamines B. Les besoins en nutriment ont seulement été établis pour la thiamine (B1) et la riboflavine (vitamine B2).<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/riboflavinformel.png\" alt=\"riboflavinformel\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" /><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazingnight.jpg\" alt=\"grazingnight\" />&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Fonction</strong><br />La riboflavine est un précurseur des coenzymes Flavine Adénine Dinucléotide (FAD) et Flavine Mononucléotide (FMN). Les deux sont impliqués dans les réactions d\'oxydo-réduction utilisées dans le métabolisme énergétique (synthèse d\'ATP), le métabolisme des lipides et les mécanismes de défense anti-oxydante.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Sources alimentaires</strong><br />La riboflavine est trouvée dans des concentrations relativement élevées dans les légumineuses comme la luzerne et le trèfle et un peu moins dans les foins de graminées (voir tableau).</p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Légumineuses</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">13-17 mg/kg MS</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Foins de graminées</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">7-10 mg/kg MS</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Céréales</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">1.4-1.7 mg/kg MS</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n</div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ces concentrations en riboflavine dans les aliments seront réduites d\'environ 70 % après un an de stockage.<br />La riboflavine est incluse dans la majorité des concentrés pour chevaux (5-15 mg/kg) et dans les suppléments vitaminiques.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Les besoins</strong><br />L\'efficacité d\'absorption de la riboflavine décroit plus la quantité ingérée augmente. L\'excès est rapidement excrété dans les urines, et il n\'y a qu\'un faible stockage dans le corps.<br />Le NRC 2007 indique les besoins en riboflavine pour les chevaux (voir le tableau) :</p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 141.5pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Entretien</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 155.95pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"156\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">0.04 mg/kg poids corporel</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 141.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Travail léger</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 155.95pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"156\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">0.04 mg/kg poids corporel</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 141.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">travail modéré</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 155.95pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"156\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">0.04 mg/kg poids corporel</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 141.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Travail intense</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 155.95pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"156\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">0.05 mg/kg poids corporel</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 141.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Travail très intense</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 155.95pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"156\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">0.05 mg/kg poids corporel</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 141.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Juments gestantes</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 155.95pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"156\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">0.04 mg/kg poids corporel</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 141.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Juments allaitantes</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 155.95pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"156\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">0.05 mg/kg poids corporel</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 141.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Chevaux en croissance</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 155.95pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"156\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">0.05 mg/kg poids corporel</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n</div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Carence</strong><br />La riboflavine est produite par les microorganismes de l\'intestin du cheval et la carence n\'a pas été décrite.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Toxicité</strong><br />Comme la riboflavine est une vitamine hydrosoluble, les excès d\'apports seront éliminés dans les urines. La toxicité de la riboflavine chez le cheval n\'a jamais été rapportée.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />PC-Horse calcule les besoins en riboflavine individuellement pour chaque cheval selon les recommandations du NRC. Il est également indiqué les valeurs pour la riboflavine (vitamine B2) dans tous les tableaux d\'alimentation. Ainsi, lorsque vous composez les rations pour votre cheval en utilisant PC-Horse, vous êtes toujours en mesure de contrôler que l\'apport en riboflavine pour votre cheval est en accord avec ses besoins.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>&nbsp;<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3888:aimeriez-vous-faire-des-commentaires-sur-notre-article&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=fr-FR\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Merci de</span> <span class=\"hps\">commenter cet article</span></span></a></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p><em>Cet article a été écrit par le Dr. Dag Austbø.</em><br /><em>Copyright : PC-Horse International - Norvège 2015.</em><br /><em>N\'hésitez pas à utiliser et publier cet article. Merci d\'indiquer la source et l\'auteur</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-04-23 07:16:36',10,'','2015-08-01 09:29:09',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-06-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,196,'','',1,1402,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3908,4633,'Juli 2015 - Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)','july2015-sv','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3879:vill-du-kommentera-var-manadsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=sv-SE\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>B-vitaminer är en grupp på 8 vattenlösliga vitaminer som har en viktig uppgift i cellernas metabolism. De kan inte produceras av kroppen själv, men kan produceras av bakterier, svampar och växter. Hos hästar är mikroberna i hästens tarm (huvudsakligen blind- och tjocktarmen) i stånd att syntetisera B-vitaminer. Hästens behov av B-vitaminer har bara uppgivits för tiamin <strong>(B<sub>1</sub>) og riboflavin (B<sub>2</sub>).</strong> I den här artikeln ska vi se på funktion, källor och behovet av riboflavin <strong>(B<sub>2</sub>).</strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/riboflavinformel.png\" alt=\"riboflavinformel\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" /><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazingnight.jpg\" alt=\"grazingnight\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Funktion<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Riboflavin är ett förstadium till koenzymerna flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) och flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Bägge dessa deltar i oxidations/reduktions-reaktioner i energi metabolismen (ATP syntes), fett metabolism och i antioxsidans försvaret.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Källor</strong></p>\r\n<p>Riboflavin finns i relativt höga koncentrationer i luzern och klöver samt i något lägre koncentrationer i gräs och hö (se tabell).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Lucern/klöver</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">13-17 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Gräs och hö</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">7-10 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Kornarter</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">1.4-1.7 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p>TS=Tørrstoff</p>\r\n<p>Dessa koncentrationer av riboflavin i foder reduceras till ca 70% vid 1 års lagring.</p>\r\n<p>Riboflavin tillsätts i de flesta kraftfoderblandningar för häst (5-15 mg/kg) och i vitamintillskott.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Behov</strong></p>\r\n<p>NRC 2007 uppger behovet av riboflavin till hästar enligt nedan:&nbsp;</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Underhåll</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Lätt träning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Medel träning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Hård träning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Intensiv träning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Dräktiga ston</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Digivande ston</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Unghästar</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kroppsvikt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Bristsymptom<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Riboflavin produceras av mikroorganismerna i hästens tarmkanal och några bristsymptom finns inte beskrivna eller redovisats för hästar.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Giftighet<br /></strong>Riboflavin är ett vattenlösligt vitamin och därför fälls överintag oftast ut med urinen. Man har aldrig påvisat någon riboflavinförgiftning hos hästar.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>PC-Horse beräknar behovet av riboflavin individuellt för varje häst i linje med vad NRC rekommenderar. Riboflavin har även lagts till i alla foder som ingår i programmets foderlistor. När du gör en foderstat i PC-Horse har du alltid översikt på dess innehåll av riboflvin i förhållande till hästens behov (alla programversioner utom Mini).</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3879:feedback-pa-var-manadsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=sv-SE\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-08-01 09:29:09',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-06-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',12,178,'','',1,1456,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(3909,4634,'Augusti 2015 - Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)','aug2015-sv','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3879:vill-du-kommentera-var-manadsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=sv-SE\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>B-vitaminer är en grupp på 8 vattenlösliga vitaminer som har en viktig uppgift i cellernas metabolism. De kan inte produceras av kroppen själv, men kan produceras av bakterier, svampar och växter. Hos hästar är mikroberna i hästens tarm (huvudsakligen blind- och tjocktarmen) i stånd att syntetisera B-vitaminer. Hästens behov av B-vitaminer har bara uppgivits för tiamin <strong>(B<sub>1</sub>) og riboflavin (B<sub>2</sub>).</strong> I den här artikeln ska vi se på funktion, källor och behovet av riboflavin <strong>(B<sub>2</sub>).</strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/riboflavinformel.png\" alt=\"riboflavinformel\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" /><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazingnight.jpg\" alt=\"grazingnight\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Funktion<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Riboflavin är ett förstadium till koenzymerna flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) och flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Bägge dessa deltar i oxidations/reduktions-reaktioner i energi metabolismen (ATP syntes), fett metabolism och i antioxsidans försvaret.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Källor</strong></p>\r\n<p>Riboflavin finns i relativt höga koncentrationer i luzern och klöver samt i något lägre koncentrationer i gräs och hö (se tabell).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Lucern/klöver</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">13-17 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Gräs och hö</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">7-10 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Kornarter</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">1.4-1.7 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p>TS=Tørrstoff</p>\r\n<p>Dessa koncentrationer av riboflavin i foder reduceras till ca 70% vid 1 års lagring.</p>\r\n<p>Riboflavin tillsätts i de flesta kraftfoderblandningar för häst (5-15 mg/kg) och i vitamintillskott.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Behov</strong></p>\r\n<p>NRC 2007 uppger behovet av riboflavin till hästar enligt nedan:&nbsp;</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Underhåll</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Lätt träning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Medel träning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Hård träning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Intensiv träning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Dräktiga ston</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Digivande ston</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Unghästar</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kroppsvikt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Bristsymptom<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Riboflavin produceras av mikroorganismerna i hästens tarmkanal och några bristsymptom finns inte beskrivna eller redovisats för hästar.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Giftighet<br /></strong>Riboflavin är ett vattenlösligt vitamin och därför fälls överintag oftast ut med urinen. Man har aldrig påvisat någon riboflavinförgiftning hos hästar.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>PC-Horse beräknar behovet av riboflavin individuellt för varje häst i linje med vad NRC rekommenderar. Riboflavin har även lagts till i alla foder som ingår i programmets foderlistor. När du gör en foderstat i PC-Horse har du alltid översikt på dess innehåll av riboflvin i förhållande till hästens behov (alla programversioner utom Mini).</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3879:feedback-pa-var-manadsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=sv-SE\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-09-01 07:44:52',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-06-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,316,'','',1,1565,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(3910,4635,'Août 2015 – Riboflavine (Vitamine B2)','aug2015-fr','<div style=\"text-align: right;\" dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3888:aimeriez-vous-faire-des-commentaires-sur-notre-article&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=fr-FR\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Vous pouvez</span> <span class=\"hps\">commenter cet article</span></span></a></strong></span></div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Les vitamines B sont un groupe de 8 vitamines hydrosolubles qui jouent des rôles importants dans le métabolisme cellulaire. Elles ne peuvent pas être produites par le corps lui-même, mais peuvent être produites par les bactéries, les champignons et les plantes. Pour le cheval, les microorganismes de l\'intestin (principalement le gros intestin) sont capables de synthétiser les vitamines B. Les besoins en nutriment ont seulement été établis pour la thiamine (B1) et la riboflavine (vitamine B2).<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/riboflavinformel.png\" alt=\"riboflavinformel\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" /><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazingnight.jpg\" alt=\"grazingnight\" />&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Fonction</strong><br />La riboflavine est un précurseur des coenzymes Flavine Adénine Dinucléotide (FAD) et Flavine Mononucléotide (FMN). Les deux sont impliqués dans les réactions d\'oxydo-réduction utilisées dans le métabolisme énergétique (synthèse d\'ATP), le métabolisme des lipides et les mécanismes de défense anti-oxydante.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Sources alimentaires</strong><br />La riboflavine est trouvée dans des concentrations relativement élevées dans les légumineuses comme la luzerne et le trèfle et un peu moins dans les foins de graminées (voir tableau).</p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Légumineuses</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">13-17 mg/kg MS</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Foins de graminées</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">7-10 mg/kg MS</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Céréales</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.3pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">1.4-1.7 mg/kg MS</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n</div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ces concentrations en riboflavine dans les aliments seront réduites d\'environ 70 % après un an de stockage.<br />La riboflavine est incluse dans la majorité des concentrés pour chevaux (5-15 mg/kg) et dans les suppléments vitaminiques.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Les besoins</strong><br />L\'efficacité d\'absorption de la riboflavine décroit plus la quantité ingérée augmente. L\'excès est rapidement excrété dans les urines, et il n\'y a qu\'un faible stockage dans le corps.<br />Le NRC 2007 indique les besoins en riboflavine pour les chevaux (voir le tableau) :</p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 141.5pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Entretien</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 155.95pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"156\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">0.04 mg/kg poids corporel</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 141.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Travail léger</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 155.95pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"156\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">0.04 mg/kg poids corporel</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 141.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">travail modéré</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 155.95pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"156\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">0.04 mg/kg poids corporel</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 141.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Travail intense</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 155.95pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"156\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">0.05 mg/kg poids corporel</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 141.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Travail très intense</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 155.95pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"156\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">0.05 mg/kg poids corporel</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 141.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Juments gestantes</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 155.95pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"156\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">0.04 mg/kg poids corporel</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 141.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Juments allaitantes</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 155.95pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"156\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">0.05 mg/kg poids corporel</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 141.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Chevaux en croissance</span></td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 155.95pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"156\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">0.05 mg/kg poids corporel</span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n</div>\r\n<p><strong>Carence</strong><br />La riboflavine est produite par les microorganismes de l\'intestin du cheval et la carence n\'a pas été décrite.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Toxicité</strong><br />Comme la riboflavine est une vitamine hydrosoluble, les excès d\'apports seront éliminés dans les urines. La toxicité de la riboflavine chez le cheval n\'a jamais été rapportée.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />PC-Horse calcule les besoins en riboflavine individuellement pour chaque cheval selon les recommandations du NRC. Il est également indiqué les valeurs pour la riboflavine (vitamine B2) dans tous les tableaux d\'alimentation. Ainsi, lorsque vous composez les rations pour votre cheval en utilisant PC-Horse, vous êtes toujours en mesure de contrôler que l\'apport en riboflavine pour votre cheval est en accord avec ses besoins.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>&nbsp;<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3888:aimeriez-vous-faire-des-commentaires-sur-notre-article&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=fr-FR\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Merci de</span> <span class=\"hps\">commenter cet article</span></span></a></strong></span></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p><em>Cet article a été écrit par le Dr. Dag Austbø.</em><br /><em>Copyright : PC-Horse International - Norvège 2015.</em><br /><em>N\'hésitez pas à utiliser et publier cet article. Merci d\'indiquer la source et l\'auteur</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-04-23 07:16:36',10,'','2015-09-01 07:44:52',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-06-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,313,'','',1,1359,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3911,4636,'August 2015 - Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)','aug2015-nl','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>B-vitamins are a group of 8 water soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. They can not be produced by the body itself, but can be produced by bacteria, fungi and plants. In the horse, microorganisms in the gut (mainly the hind gut) is capable of synthesizing B-vitamins and nutrient requirements have only been established for thiamin (B<sub>1</sub>) and riboflavin (B<sub>2</sub>). In this article we will look at the function, dietary sources and requirements for riboflavin (vitamin B<sub>2</sub>).</strong></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/riboflavinformel.png\" alt=\"riboflavinformel\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" /><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazingnight.jpg\" alt=\"grazingnight\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Function</strong><br />Riboflavin is a precursor to the coenzymes flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Both are involved in oxidation-reduction reactions used in energy metabolism (ATP synthesis), lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense mecanisms.</p>\r\n<p><br /><strong>Dietary sources</strong><br />Riboflavin is found in relatively high concentrations in legumes like lucerne and clover and slightly less in grass hays (see table).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Legumes</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">13-17 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Grass hays</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">7-10 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Cereal grains</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">1.4-1.7 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">These concentrations of riboflavin in feeds will be reduced to about 70% during 1 year storage.</p>\r\n<p>Riboflavin is included in most concentrate mixtures for horses (5 – 15 mg/kg) and in vitamin supplements.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Requirements<br /></strong>Riboflavin is absorbed with decreasing efficiency with increasing amounts ingested. Excess is rapidly excreted in the urine, and there is little storage in the body.</p>\r\n<p>The NRC 2007 gives requirements for riboflavin for horses (see table).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Maintenance</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Moderate exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Very heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Pregnant mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Lactating mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Growing horses</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Deficiency<br /></strong>Riboflavin is produced by microorganisms in the intestine of the horse and deficiency has not been described.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Toxicity<br /></strong>As riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin, excess intake will be excreted in the urine. Riboflavin toxicity in horses has never been reported.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>PC-Horse calculates requirements for riboflavin individually for each horse according to the NRC recommendations. It has also included values for riboflavin (vitamin B<sub>2</sub> ) in all feed tables. When composing rations for your horse using PC-Horse, you will always be able to control that your horse’s riboflavin intake is in accordance with its requirements.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-09-01 07:44:52',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-06-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,281,'','',1,1370,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(3912,4637,'August 2015 - Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)','aug2015-de','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:poll-eng&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"de\"><span class=\"hps\">Bitte äußern Sie sich</span> <span class=\"hps\">zu diesem Artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>B-vitamins are a group of 8 water soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. They can not be produced by the body itself, but can be produced by bacteria, fungi and plants. In the horse, microorganisms in the gut (mainly the hind gut) is capable of synthesizing B-vitamins and nutrient requirements have only been established for thiamin (B<sub>1</sub>) and riboflavin (B<sub>2</sub>). In this article we will look at the function, dietary sources and requirements for riboflavin (vitamin B<sub>2</sub>).</strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/riboflavinformel.png\" alt=\"riboflavinformel\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" /><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazingnight.jpg\" alt=\"grazingnight\" />&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>Function</strong><br />Riboflavin is a precursor to the coenzymes flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Both are involved in oxidation-reduction reactions used in energy metabolism (ATP synthesis), lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense mecanisms.</p>\r\n<p><br /><strong>Dietary sources</strong><br />Riboflavin is found in relatively high concentrations in legumes like lucerne and clover and slightly less in grass hays (see table).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Legumes</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">13-17 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Grass hays</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">7-10 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Cereal grains</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">1.4-1.7 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">These concentrations of riboflavin in feeds will be reduced to about 70% during 1 year storage.</p>\r\n<p>Riboflavin is included in most concentrate mixtures for horses (5 – 15 mg/kg) and in vitamin supplements.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Requirements<br /></strong>Riboflavin is absorbed with decreasing efficiency with increasing amounts ingested. Excess is rapidly excreted in the urine, and there is little storage in the body.</p>\r\n<p>The NRC 2007 gives requirements for riboflavin for horses (see table).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Maintenance</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Moderate exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Very heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Pregnant mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Lactating mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Growing horses</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Deficiency<br /></strong>Riboflavin is produced by microorganisms in the intestine of the horse and deficiency has not been described.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Toxicity<br /></strong>As riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin, excess intake will be excreted in the urine. Riboflavin toxicity in horses has never been reported.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>PC-Horse calculates requirements for riboflavin individually for each horse according to the NRC recommendations. It has also included values for riboflavin (vitamin B<sub>2</sub> ) in all feed tables. When composing rations for your horse using PC-Horse, you will always be able to control that your horse’s riboflavin intake is in accordance with its requirements.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:poll-eng&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"de\"><span class=\"hps\">Bitte äußern Sie sich</span> <span class=\"hps\">zu diesem Artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-09-01 07:44:52',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-06-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,251,'','',1,1347,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3913,4638,'August 2015 - Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)','aug2015-eng','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>B-vitamins are a group of 8 water soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. They can not be produced by the body itself, but can be produced by bacteria, fungi and plants. In the horse, microorganisms in the gut (mainly the hind gut) is capable of synthesizing B-vitamins and nutrient requirements have only been established for thiamin (B<sub>1</sub>) and riboflavin (B<sub>2</sub>). In this article we will look at the function, dietary sources and requirements for riboflavin (vitamin B<sub>2</sub>).</strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/riboflavinformel.png\" alt=\"riboflavinformel\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" /><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazingnight.jpg\" alt=\"grazingnight\" />&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>Function</strong><br />Riboflavin is a precursor to the coenzymes flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Both are involved in oxidation-reduction reactions used in energy metabolism (ATP synthesis), lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense mecanisms.</p>\r\n<p><br /><strong>Dietary sources</strong><br />Riboflavin is found in relatively high concentrations in legumes like lucerne and clover and slightly less in grass hays (see table).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Legumes</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">13-17 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Grass hays</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">7-10 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Cereal grains</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">1.4-1.7 mg/kg DM</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">These concentrations of riboflavin in feeds will be reduced to about 70% during 1 year storage.</p>\r\n<p>Riboflavin is included in most concentrate mixtures for horses (5 – 15 mg/kg) and in vitamin supplements.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Requirements<br /></strong>Riboflavin is absorbed with decreasing efficiency with increasing amounts ingested. Excess is rapidly excreted in the urine, and there is little storage in the body.</p>\r\n<p>The NRC 2007 gives requirements for riboflavin for horses (see table).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Maintenance</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Moderate exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Very heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Pregnant mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.04 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Lactating mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Growing horses</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.05 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Deficiency<br /></strong>Riboflavin is produced by microorganisms in the intestine of the horse and deficiency has not been described.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Toxicity<br /></strong>As riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin, excess intake will be excreted in the urine. Riboflavin toxicity in horses has never been reported.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>PC-Horse calculates requirements for riboflavin individually for each horse according to the NRC recommendations. It has also included values for riboflavin (vitamin B<sub>2</sub> ) in all feed tables. When composing rations for your horse using PC-Horse, you will always be able to control that your horse’s riboflavin intake is in accordance with its requirements.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-03-16 14:54:10',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-06-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,242,'','',1,1455,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(3914,4639,'August 2015 - Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)','aug2015-da','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:poll-dk&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK&amp;Itemid=2670\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><strong>B-vitaminerne er en gruppe på 8 vandopløselige vitaminer som har en vigtig rolle i celler-nes metabolisme. De kan ikke produceres af kroppen selv, men kan blive produceret af bakterier og planter. Hos hesten er mikroberne i hestens tarm (hovedsagligt blind- og tyk-tarm) i stand til at syntetisere B-vitamin og hestens behov for B-vitamin er kun opgivet for tiamin (B1) og riboflavin (B2). I denne artikel skal vi se på funktion, kilder og behov for ribo-flavin (vitamin B2).</strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazingnight.jpg\" alt=\"grazingnight\" />&nbsp;<img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/riboflavinformel.png\" alt=\"riboflavinformel\" width=\"256\" height=\"250\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Funktion</strong><br />Riboflavin er forstadiet til coenzym flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) og flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Begge disse deltager i oksidationen /reduktion reaktioner i energi metabolismen (ATP syn-tese), fedt metabolisme og i antioksidant forsvaret.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Kilder</strong><br />Riboflavin findes i relativt høje koncentrationer i luserne og kløver og i nogete lavere koncentratio-ner i græs og hø(se tabell).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Luserne/kløver</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">13-17 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Græs hø</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">7-10 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 91.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"92\">Kornarter</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 4cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"113\">1.4-1.7 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p>TS=Tørstof</p>\r\n<p>Indholdet af riboflavin i foderet vil blive reduseret til ca 70% ved 1 års lagring.<br />Riboflavin er tilsat de fleste kraftfoderrblandinger til heste (5-15 mg/kg) og i vitamintilskud.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Behov</strong></p>\r\n<p>NRC 2007 opgiver behov for riboflavin til heste (se tabel).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Vedligehold</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Let træning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Middel træning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Hård træning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Meget hård træning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Drægtige hopper</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Lakterende hopper</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Ungheste</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Mangelsymptomer</strong></p>\r\n<p>Riboflavin produceres af mikroorganismene i hestens tarmkanal og mangelsymptomer er ikke beskrevet hos hest<br />Giftighed<br />Riboflaviin er et vandløselig vitamin og et større indtag end nødvendigt vil blive udskildt med uri-nen. Riboflavin forgiftning er aldrig set hos heste.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />PC-Horse beregner behovet for riboflavin individuelt for hver hest i henhold til NRC anbefalingene. Riboflavin er også taget med for foderemnerne i programmets foderlister. Når du sammensætter foderplaner til dine heste ved hjælp af PC-Horse har du altid en oversigt over foderplanens indhold af riboflavin og hvordan dette er i forhold til hestens behov.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:poll-dk&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK&amp;Itemid=2670\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-09-01 07:44:52',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-06-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,194,'','',1,1449,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(3915,4640,'August 2015 - Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)','aug2015-nb','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen<br /></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><strong>B-vitaminene er en gruppe på 8 vannløselige vitaminer som har en viktig rolle i cellenes metabolisme. De kan ikke produseres av kroppen selv, men kan bli produsert av bakterier, sopp og planter. Hos hesten er mikrobene i hestens tarm (hovesaklig blind- og tykktarm) i stand til å syntetisere B-vitaminer og hestens behov for B-vitaminer har bare blitt oppgitt for tiamin (B1) og riboflavin (B2). I denne artikkelen skal vi se på funksjon, kilder og behov for riboflavin (vitamin B2).</strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/riboflavinformel.png\" alt=\"riboflavinformel\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" /><img style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/grazingnight.jpg\" alt=\"grazingnight\" />&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>Funksjon<br /></strong>Riboflavin er forstadiet til koenzymene flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) og flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Begge disse deltar oksidasjon/reduksjon reaksjoner i energi metabolismen (ATP syntese), fett metabolisme og i antioksidant forsvaret.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Kilder</strong><br />Riboflavin finnes i relativt høye konsentrasjoner i luserne og kløver og i noe lavere konsentrasjoner i gras og høy (se tabell).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12.3pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 95pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.3pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"95\">Luserne/kløver</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 117.25pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.3pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"117\">13-17 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.1pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 95pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.1pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"95\">Gras høy</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 117.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.1pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"117\">7-10 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12.3pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 95pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.3pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"95\">Kornarter</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 117.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.3pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"117\">1.4-1.7 mg/kg TS</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p>TS=Tørrstoff<br /><br />Disse konsentrasjonene av riboflavin i fôr vil bli redusert til ca 70% ved 1 års lagring.<br />Riboflavin er tilsatt de fleste kraftfôrblandinger til hest (5-15 mg/kg) og i vitamintilskudd.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Behov</strong><br />NRC 2007 oppgir behov for riboflavin til hester (se tabell).</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Vedlikehold</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Lett trening</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Middels trening</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Hard trening</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Veldig hard trening</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Drektige hopper</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,04 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Lakterende hopper</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Unghester</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,05 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Mangelsymptomer</strong><br />Riboflavin produseres av mikroorganismene i hestens tarmkanal og mangelsymptomer har ikke blitt beskrevet hos hest<br />Giftighet<br />Riboflaviin er et vannløselig vitamin og et høyere enn nødvendig inntak vil bli skilt ut med urinen. Riboflavin forgiftning er aldri vist hos hester.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />PC-Horse beregner behovet for riboflavin individuelt for hver hest i henhold til NRC anbefalingene. Riboflavin er også tatt med for fôrene i programmets fôrlister. Når du setter opp fôrplaner til hestene dine ved hjelp av PC-Horse har du alltid oversikt over fôrplanens innhold av riboflavin og hvordan dette er i forhold til hestens behov.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /><em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /><em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-09-01 07:44:52',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-06-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,183,'','',1,1721,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(3916,4641,'test','test','<p>test</p>','',-2,91,'2015-08-06 07:43:16',10,'','2015-08-06 07:43:16',0,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-08-06 07:43:16','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',1,0,'','',1,10,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'*',''),(3917,4642,'testa widgetkit','testa-widgetkit','[widgetkit id=3]','',1,91,'2015-08-08 09:07:12',10,'','2015-08-11 09:34:03',94,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-08-08 09:07:12','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',18,7,'','',1,6628,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'*',''),(3918,4643,'September 2015 - Kraftfôrblandinger til hester varierer i sammensetting','sep2015-nb','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><br /><strong>De fleste hester får en kraftfôrblanding som del av sin daglige rasjon bortsett fra når de går på beite. Kraftfôrblandingen skal tilføre ekstra energi, protein, vitaminer og mineraler. Det er av betydning for hesten hvilke fôrtyper som er tilsatt for å gi energi til kraftfôrblandingen. Energikildene kan være stivelse, fett eller fiber. Fôrprodusentene har oftest mange kraftfôrblandinger og disse varierer i sammensetting og næringsinnhold. Det er derfor av betydning at hesteeieren har mulighet til å velge det produktet som passer best til hver enkelt hest.<br /><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/glukos-horse.jpg\" alt=\"glukos horse\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><br />Hesten får energi fra flere fôrkilder. Mens grovfôr tilfører energi hovedsakelig fra fiber vil kornbasert kraftfôr tilføre det meste av energien fra stivelse. Bygg inneholder rundt 50% stivelse, mens havre inneholder 35-40%.<br />Fett kan tilsettes kraftfôrblandinger som vegetabilsk olje eller ulike fettrike fôrtyper som f.eks riskli. Havre inneholder ca 5% fett, men enkelte sorter kan inneholde opp til 10%. Bygg inneholder ca 2% fett.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><strong>Stivelse</strong><br />Stivelse (og vannløselig sukker) blir hovedsakelig brutt ned til glukose ved hjelp av enzymer i tynntarmen og absorbert. I blodet må glukose nivået reguleres ved hjelp av insulin. Etter et stivelsesrikt måltid vil glukosenivået i blodet øke og insulin skilles ut for å regulere dette tilbake til normale verdier. Sirkulerende glukose kan brukes direkte til energiproduksjon eller kan lagres som glykogen i muskel eller lever. Det kan også lagres som kroppsfett.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">Enkelte hester er insulinresistente eller har Cushings syndrom. Disse hestene har problemer med å regulere glukose i blodet. Disse hestene bør få rasjoner med lavt innhold av stivelse og sukker.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">Innholdet av stivelse i kraftfôrblandinger varierer mellom 15-40%</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><strong>Fett</strong><br />Fett kan tilsettes kraftfôrblandinger som vegetabilsk olje eller andre fettrike fôrvarer. Hesten fordøyer fett godt i begrensede mengder og 0,1 kg fett/100 kg kroppsvekt/dag gir ingen problemer. Fett absorberes som langkjeda fettsyrer og kan brukes direkte til energiproduksjon eller lagres som kroppsfett. Absorpsjon av fett har liten innvirkning på insulin nivåene og er derfor ikke et problem for hester med insulinresistens eller Cushings syndrom.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">Fettinnhold i kraftfôrblandinger varierer mellom 2-10%.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><strong>Fiber</strong><br />Fiber fordøyes av mikrobene i hestens tarmkanal, hovedsakelig i blindtarm og tykktarm. Denne mikrobielle fermenteringen produserer kortkjeda flyktige fettsyrer, hovedsakelig eddiksyre og propionsyre. Disse fettsyrene absorberes og kan brukes til energiproduksjon eller lagres som kroppsfett. Propionsyre kan også brukes til nydanning av glukose. De flyktige fettsyrene fra fiberfordøyelsen regnes gjerne som den mest «naturlige» kilden for energi og fiber i rasjonen er viktig for en sunn tarm.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">Mange kraftfôrblandinger har nå et økt innhold av fiber. Fiber kan bli tilsatt som hakket høy eller høyt fordøyelige fiberprodukter som betefiber eller eplefiber. Ved bruk av høyt fordøyelige fiberprodukter kan energiinnholdet i kraftfôrblandingene holdes oppe selv om innholdet av stivelsesrikt korn reduseres.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">Fiberinnhold i kraftfôrblandinger varierer mellom 10-20%.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/foderexempel_sept15.png\" alt=\"foderexempel sept15\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">I PC-Horse sine fôrlister finner du innholdet av stivelse, fett og fiber i alle fôrtyper. Åpne en fôrliste og velg «<a href=\"http://pc-horse.com/index.php/nb/manual/feed-lists/compare-feed\">Sammenlign kjemisk innhold i fôr</a>». Velg de fôr og næringsinnhold du vil sammenligne. Dette gjør det raskt og enkelt å velge de fôrtypene som er best for dine hester.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /><em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /><em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-10-01 09:32:52',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-08-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',8,319,'','',1,1890,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(3919,4644,'September 2015 - Kraftfoderblandningar till hästar varierar i sammansättning','sep2015-sv','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3879:vill-du-kommentera-var-manadsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=sv-SE\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>Det stora flertalet hästar ges en kraftfoderblandning som en del av sin dagliga ranson, då de inte går på bete.Kraftfodret ska tillföra extra energi, protein, vitaminer och mineraler. Det har betydelse för hästen vilka fodertyper som tillsatts för att ge energi till kraftfoderblandningen. Energikällorna kan vara stärkelse, fett eller fibrer. Foderfirmorna saluför oftast många olika kraftblandningar och dessa varierar i sammansättning och näringsinnehåll. Därför är det viktigt att hästägaren har möjlighet att välja den produkt som bäst passar för varje enskild häst.<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/glukos-horse.jpg\" alt=\"glukos horse\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" /></p>\r\n<p>Hästen får energi från flera foderkällor. Medan grovfoder tillför energi huvudsakligen från fibrer så får spannmålsbaserat kraftfoder det mesta av sin energi från stärkelse. Korn innehåller omkring 50% stärkelse, och havre innehåller mellan 35 - 40% stärkelse.<strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Fett kan tillsättas i kraftfoder som vegetabilisk olja eller med olika fettrika fodertyper som t.ex riskli. Havre innehåller ca 5% fett, men vissa sorter kan innehålla upp till 10%. Korn innehåller ca 2% fett.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><strong>Stärkelse</strong><br />Stärkelse (och vattenlösligt socker) bryts huvudsaklingen ner till glukos med hjälp av enzymer i tunntarmen där den absorberas. I blodet regleras glukosnivån med hjälp av insulin. Efter en stärkelserik måltid ökar glukosnivån i blodet och insulin fälls ut för att reglera dennna tillbaks till normalt värde. Cirkulerande glukos kan användas direkt för att producera energi eller lagras som glykogen i muskler och i levern. Det kan även lagras som kroppsfett.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">Vissa hästar är insulinresistenta eller har Cushings syndrom. Dessa hästar har problem med sin glukosreglering i blodet. De bör därför ges ransoner som har lågt innehåll av stärkelse och socker.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">Innehållet stärkelse i kraftfoderblandningar varierar mellan 15-40%.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><strong>Fett</strong><br />Fett kan tillsättas i kraftfoderblandningar som vegetabilisk olja eller andra fettrika foder. Hästen förbränner fett utmärkt i begränsade mängder. 0,1 kg fett per 100 kg kroppsvikt/dag ger inga problem. Fettet absorberas som långkedjiga fettsyror vilka kan användas direkt för att producera energi eller lagras som kroppsfett. Upptagningen av fett har liten påverkan på insulin-nivåerna och är därför inget problem för hästar med insulinresistens eller Cushings syndrom.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><br />Fettinnehållet i kraftfoderblandningar varierar mellan 2 - 10%.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><strong>Fiber</strong><br />Fiber förbränns av mikroberna i hästens tarmkanal, huvudsaklingen i blindtarmen och tjocktarmen. Denna mikrobiologiska jäsningsprocess producerar korta kedjor av flyktiga fettsyror, huvudsakligen ättiksyra och propionsyra. Dessa fettsyror absorberas och kan nyttjas till energiproduktion eller lagras som kroppsfett. Propionsyra kan dessutom användas till nytillverkning av glukos. De flyktiga fettsyrorna från fiberförbränningen brukar räknas som den mest \"naturliga\" energikällan och fibrerna i ransonen är viktiga för en sund tarmmiljö.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">Många kraftfoderblandningar har nu ett ökat innehåll av fibrer. Fibrer tillsätts i form av hackat hö eller lättsmälta fiberprodukter som betfiber eller äpplefiber. När dessa lättsmälta fiberprodukter använts kan energiinnehållet i kraftfoderblandningen hållas hög samtidigt som mängden stärkelserikt spannmål kan reduceras.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">Fiberinnehållet i kraftfoderblandningar varierar mellan 10-20%.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">I nedanstående exempel visar vi värden i några av Kraffts produkter. Du kan naturligtvis jämföra värden mellan produkter av olika fabrikat i programmet.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/Foderexempel_sept15_46.png\" alt=\"Foderexempel sept15 46\" width=\"550\" height=\"280\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">Foderlistorna i de högre versionerna av PC-Horse redovisar innehållet av stärkelse, fett och fibrer i alla fodertyper. Öppna en foderlista och välj funktionen<a href=\"index.php/sv/manual/feed-lists/compare-feed\"> \"Jämför näringsinnehållet mellan foder\"</a>. Välj sedan de foder vars innehåll du vill jämföra. Det gör det enkelt att kontrollera vilka foder som är bäst för dina hästar.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3879:feedback-pa-var-manadsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=sv-SE\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-10-01 09:32:52',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-08-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',11,303,'','',1,1693,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(3920,4645,'September 2015 - Kraftfoderblandinger til heste varierer i sammensætning','sep2015-da','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:poll-dk&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK&amp;Itemid=2670\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>De fleste heste får en kraftfoderblanding som en del af den daglige foderration bortset fra når de går på sommergræs. Kraftfoderblandingen skal tilføre ekstra energi, protein, vitaminer og mineraler. Det er af betydning for hesten hvilke fodertyper som er tilsat for at give energi til kraftfoderblandingen. Energikilderne kan være stivelse, fedt eller fiber. Foderproducenterne har oftest flere forskellige kraftfoderblandinger og disse varierer i sammensætning og næringsindhold. Det er derfor af stor betydning at hesteejeren har mulighed for at vælge det produkt som passer bedst til hver enkel hest.</strong></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/glukos-horse.jpg\" alt=\"glukos horse\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" /></p>\r\n<p>Hesten får energi fra flere forskellige foderkilder. Mens grovfoder tilfører energi hovedsaglig fra fiber vil kornbaseret kraftfoder tilføre det meste af energien fra stivelse. Byg indeholder ca 50% stivelse, mens havre indeholder 35-40%.</p>\r\n<p>Fedt kan tilsættes kraftfoderblandinger som vegetabilsk olie eller forskellige fedtrige fodertyper som f.eks risklid. Havre indeholder ca 5&nbsp;% fedt, men enkelte sorter kan indeholde op til 10%. Byg indeholder ca 2% fedt.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Stivelse</strong></p>\r\n<p>Stivelse (og vandopløseligt sukker) bliver hovedsageligt nedbrudt til glukose ved hjælp af enzymer i tyndtarmen og absorberet. I blodet bliver glukoseniveauet reguleres ved hjælp af insulin. Efter et stivelsesrigt måltid vil glukoseniveauetet i blodet øges og insulin blive udskildt for at regulere dette tilbage til normale værdier. Glukosen kan bruges direkte til energiproduktion eller kan lagres som glykogen i muskel eller lever. Det kan også lagres som kropsfedt.</p>\r\n<p>Enkelte heste er insulinresistente eller har Cushings syndrom. Det er især hos ponyer og småheste vi oplever denne problematik. Disse heste har problemer med at regulere glukose i blodet. Disse heste bør få rationer med lavt indhold af stivelse og sukker.</p>\r\n<p>Indholdet af stivelse i kraftfoderblandinger varierer mellem 15-40%</p>\r\n<p><strong>Fedt</strong></p>\r\n<p>Fedt kan tilsættes kraftfoderblandinger som vegetabilsk olie eller andre fedtrige råvarer. Hesten fordøjer fint fedt i begrænsede mængder og 0,1 kg fedt/100 kg kropsvægt/dag giver ingen problemer. Fedt absorberes som langkædede fedtsyrer og kan bruges direkte til energiproduktion eller lagres som kropsfedt. Absorption af fedt har kun lille indvirkning på insulin niveauet og er derfor ikke et problem for heste med insulinresistens eller Cushings syndrom.</p>\r\n<p>Fedtindholdet i kraftfoderblandinger varierer mellem 2-10&nbsp;%.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Fiber</strong></p>\r\n<p>Fiber fordøjes af mikroberne i hestens tarmkanal, hovedsagligt i blindtarm og tyktarm. Denne mikrobielle fermentering producerer kortkædede flygtige fedtsyrer, hovedsageligt eddiksyre og propionsyre. Disse fedtsyrer absorberes og kan bruges til energiproduktion eller lagres som kropsfedt. Propionsyre kan også bruges til nydannelse af glukose. De flygtige fedtsyrer fra fiberfordøjelsen opfattes normalt som den mest «naturlige» kilde af energi og fiber i rationen og er vigtig for en sund tarm.</p>\r\n<p>Mange kraftfoderblandinger har i dag et øget indhold af fiber. Fiber kan blive tilsat som hakket hø eller højt fordøjelige fiberprodukter som betefiber eller eplefiber. Ved brug af højt fordøjelige fiberprodukter kan energiindholdet i kraftfoderblandingerne holdes oppe selvom indholdet af stivelsesrigt korn reduceres.</p>\r\n<p>Fiberindholdet i kraftfoderblandinger varierer mellem 10-20%.</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/foderexempel_sept15.png\" alt=\"foderexempel sept15\" /></p>\r\n<p>I PC-Horse foderlister finder du indholdet af stivelse, fedt og fiber i alle fodertyperne. Åbn en foderliste og vælg «Sammenlign kemisk indhold i foder». Vælg de foderemner og næringsindhold du vil sammenligne. Dette gøres hurtigt og enkelt ved at vælge de fodertyper som er bedst for dine heste.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:poll-dk&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK&amp;Itemid=2670\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-10-01 09:30:31',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-08-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,270,'','',1,1998,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(3921,4646,'September 2015 - Dealing with the varied composition of compound feeds for horses ','sep2015-eng','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"></span>Most horses have some type of compound feed included in their daily ration. This is mainly to supply additional energy, protein, vitamins and minerals. Of special interest with horses is the type of feed ingredient providing the energy. It makes a difference if the energy substrate is starch, fat or fibre. Feed manufacturers often have a wide range of compound feeds that vary in composition and nutrient content. Therefore, it is important for the horse owner to be able to make informed choices about the product that best meets the requirements of each horse.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/glukos-horse.jpg\" alt=\"glukos horse\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" /></p>\r\n<p>Horses receive their energy from a variety of feed sources. While roughages supply energy mainly from fibre, grains will provide most of their energy from starch. Barley contains about 50% starch while oats contain 35-40%</p>\r\n<p>Fat can be provided as vegetable oils or as high-fat feed ingredients such as rice bran. Oats normally contain about 5% fat, but some varieties contain up to 10% fat. Barley contains about 2% fat.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Starch</strong></p>\r\n<p>Starch (and water soluble sugars) are mainly broken down into glucose by enzymes in the small intestine, and absorbed into the bloodstream. Here, the level of circulating glucose is regulated by insulin. After a starch-rich meal, blood glucose will go up, and insulin secretion will also increase as it regulates and brings blood glucose back to normal. Circulating glucose can be used for direct energy production (if needed) or stored as glycogen in muscle and liver. It can also be stored as body fat.</p>\r\n<p>Some horses are insulin resistant or may have Cushings syndrome. These horses have problems with the regulation of their blood glucose and need a diet that is low in starch and sugars.</p>\r\n<p>The starch content of compound feeds varies from about 15 – 40%.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Fat</strong></p>\r\n<p>Fat can be added to compound feeds as vegetable oils or as other high-fat feed components. The horse will easily digest controlled levels of fat in the ration and amounts up to 0.1 kg fat/100 kg body weight/day are safe to feed. Fat will be absorbed from the small intestine as long-chain fatty acids and used for energy production (if needed) or stored as body fat. Absorption of fat has little influence on insulin production and represents no problem for insulin resistant horses or horses with Cushings syndrome.</p>\r\n<p>The fat content of compound feeds can vary from about 2 – 10%.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Fibre</strong></p>\r\n<p>Fibre is digested by the intestinal microbes, mainly in the cecum and colon. This microbial fermentation produces short-chain volatile fatty acids with acetic acid and propionic acid as the most dominant. The volatile fatty acids will be absorbed into the blood stream and utilized for energy production or stored as body fat. Propionic acid can also be used for the production of glucose. Volatile fatty acids are regarded as the most “natural” energy source for horses, and fibre is vital for a healthy gut.</p>\r\n<p>Many compound feeds now have an increased amount of fibre. Fibre can be added as chopped hay, or highly digestible products like beet pulp or apple pulp. The use of highly digestible fibre products makes it possible to keep up the energy content of compound feeds without adding too much starch-rich grains.</p>\r\n<p>The fibre content of compound feeds can vary from about 10 – 20%.</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/foderexempel_sept15_eng.png\" alt=\"foderexempel sept15 eng\" /></p>\r\n<p>In the feedlist of higher versions of PC-Horse you will find the starch, fat and fibre content of all feeds. Open a feedlist and choose “Compare nutrient concentrations in feeds”. Select the feeds and the nutrients you want to compare. This makes it easy for you to choose the best products for your horses.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-03-16 14:54:10',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-08-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,252,'','',1,1815,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(3922,4647,'September 2015 - Dealing with the varied composition of compound feeds for horses','sep2015-de','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"></span>Most horses have some type of compound feed included in their daily ration. This is mainly to supply additional energy, protein, vitamins and minerals. Of special interest with horses is the type of feed ingredient providing the energy. It makes a difference if the energy substrate is starch, fat or fibre. Feed manufacturers often have a wide range of compound feeds that vary in composition and nutrient content. Therefore, it is important for the horse owner to be able to make informed choices about the product that best meets the requirements of each horse.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/glukos-horse.jpg\" alt=\"glukos horse\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" /></p>\r\n<p>Horses receive their energy from a variety of feed sources. While roughages supply energy mainly from fibre, grains will provide most of their energy from starch. Barley contains about 50% starch while oats contain 35-40%</p>\r\n<p>Fat can be provided as vegetable oils or as high-fat feed ingredients such as rice bran. Oats normally contain about 5% fat, but some varieties contain up to 10% fat. Barley contains about 2% fat.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Starch</strong></p>\r\n<p>Starch (and water soluble sugars) are mainly broken down into glucose by enzymes in the small intestine, and absorbed into the bloodstream. Here, the level of circulating glucose is regulated by insulin. After a starch-rich meal, blood glucose will go up, and insulin secretion will also increase as it regulates and brings blood glucose back to normal. Circulating glucose can be used for direct energy production (if needed) or stored as glycogen in muscle and liver. It can also be stored as body fat.</p>\r\n<p>Some horses are insulin resistant or may have Cushings syndrome. These horses have problems with the regulation of their blood glucose and need a diet that is low in starch and sugars.</p>\r\n<p>The starch content of compound feeds varies from about 15 – 40%.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Fat</strong></p>\r\n<p>Fat can be added to compound feeds as vegetable oils or as other high-fat feed components. The horse will easily digest controlled levels of fat in the ration and amounts up to 0.1 kg fat/100 kg body weight/day are safe to feed. Fat will be absorbed from the small intestine as long-chain fatty acids and used for energy production (if needed) or stored as body fat. Absorption of fat has little influence on insulin production and represents no problem for insulin resistant horses or horses with Cushings syndrome.</p>\r\n<p>The fat content of compound feeds can vary from about 2 – 10%.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Fibre</strong></p>\r\n<p>Fibre is digested by the intestinal microbes, mainly in the cecum and colon. This microbial fermentation produces short-chain volatile fatty acids with acetic acid and propionic acid as the most dominant. The volatile fatty acids will be absorbed into the blood stream and utilized for energy production or stored as body fat. Propionic acid can also be used for the production of glucose. Volatile fatty acids are regarded as the most “natural” energy source for horses, and fibre is vital for a healthy gut.</p>\r\n<p>Many compound feeds now have an increased amount of fibre. Fibre can be added as chopped hay, or highly digestible products like beet pulp or apple pulp. The use of highly digestible fibre products makes it possible to keep up the energy content of compound feeds without adding too much starch-rich grains.</p>\r\n<p>The fibre content of compound feeds can vary from about 10 – 20%.</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/foderexempel_sept15_eng.png\" alt=\"foderexempel sept15 eng\" /></p>\r\n<p>In the feedlist of higher versions of PC-Horse you will find the starch, fat and fibre content of all feeds. Open a feedlist and choose “Compare nutrient concentrations in feeds”. Select the feeds and the nutrients you want to compare. This makes it easy for you to choose the best products for your horses.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-10-01 09:32:17',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-08-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,236,'','',1,1566,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3923,4648,'September 2015 - Dealing with the varied composition of compound feeds for horses','sep2015-nl','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"></span>Most horses have some type of compound feed included in their daily ration. This is mainly to supply additional energy, protein, vitamins and minerals. Of special interest with horses is the type of feed ingredient providing the energy. It makes a difference if the energy substrate is starch, fat or fibre. Feed manufacturers often have a wide range of compound feeds that vary in composition and nutrient content. Therefore, it is important for the horse owner to be able to make informed choices about the product that best meets the requirements of each horse.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/glukos-horse.jpg\" alt=\"glukos horse\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" /></p>\r\n<p>Horses receive their energy from a variety of feed sources. While roughages supply energy mainly from fibre, grains will provide most of their energy from starch. Barley contains about 50% starch while oats contain 35-40%</p>\r\n<p>Fat can be provided as vegetable oils or as high-fat feed ingredients such as rice bran. Oats normally contain about 5% fat, but some varieties contain up to 10% fat. Barley contains about 2% fat.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Starch</strong></p>\r\n<p>Starch (and water soluble sugars) are mainly broken down into glucose by enzymes in the small intestine, and absorbed into the bloodstream. Here, the level of circulating glucose is regulated by insulin. After a starch-rich meal, blood glucose will go up, and insulin secretion will also increase as it regulates and brings blood glucose back to normal. Circulating glucose can be used for direct energy production (if needed) or stored as glycogen in muscle and liver. It can also be stored as body fat.</p>\r\n<p>Some horses are insulin resistant or may have Cushings syndrome. These horses have problems with the regulation of their blood glucose and need a diet that is low in starch and sugars.</p>\r\n<p>The starch content of compound feeds varies from about 15 – 40%.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Fat</strong></p>\r\n<p>Fat can be added to compound feeds as vegetable oils or as other high-fat feed components. The horse will easily digest controlled levels of fat in the ration and amounts up to 0.1 kg fat/100 kg body weight/day are safe to feed. Fat will be absorbed from the small intestine as long-chain fatty acids and used for energy production (if needed) or stored as body fat. Absorption of fat has little influence on insulin production and represents no problem for insulin resistant horses or horses with Cushings syndrome.</p>\r\n<p>The fat content of compound feeds can vary from about 2 – 10%.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Fibre</strong></p>\r\n<p>Fibre is digested by the intestinal microbes, mainly in the cecum and colon. This microbial fermentation produces short-chain volatile fatty acids with acetic acid and propionic acid as the most dominant. The volatile fatty acids will be absorbed into the blood stream and utilized for energy production or stored as body fat. Propionic acid can also be used for the production of glucose. Volatile fatty acids are regarded as the most “natural” energy source for horses, and fibre is vital for a healthy gut.</p>\r\n<p>Many compound feeds now have an increased amount of fibre. Fibre can be added as chopped hay, or highly digestible products like beet pulp or apple pulp. The use of highly digestible fibre products makes it possible to keep up the energy content of compound feeds without adding too much starch-rich grains.</p>\r\n<p>The fibre content of compound feeds can vary from about 10 – 20%.</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/foderexempel_sept15_eng.png\" alt=\"foderexempel sept15 eng\" /></p>\r\n<p>In the feedlist of higher versions of PC-Horse you will find the starch, fat and fibre content of all feeds. Open a feedlist and choose “Compare nutrient concentrations in feeds”. Select the feeds and the nutrients you want to compare. This makes it easy for you to choose the best products for your horses.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-10-01 09:31:58',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-08-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,216,'','',1,1294,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(3924,4649,'Septembre 2015 - Comment s\'accommoder de la variété des compositions d\'aliments pour chevaux ','sep2015-fr','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Commenter cet </span><span class=\"hps\">article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"></span>On retrouve dans les rations quotidiennes de la plupart des chevaux un certain type d\'aliments concentrés. Le but principal est de fournir de l\'énergie, des protéines, vitamines et minéraux supplémentaires. Un intérêt particulier pour les chevaux est le type d\'ingrédient dans l\'aliment fournissant l\'énergie. Cela fait une différence si le substrat énergétique est l\'amidon, la graisse ou les fibres. Les fabricants d\'aliments ont souvent une large gamme d\'aliments concentrés qui varient en composition et teneur en éléments nutritifs. Par conséquent, il est important pour le propriétaire du cheval d\'être en mesure de faire des choix éclairés sur le produit qui répond le mieux aux besoins de chaque cheval.<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/glukos-horse.jpg\" alt=\"glukos horse\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les chevaux tirent l\'énergie à partir d\'une variété de sources d\'alimentation. Alors que les fourrages fournissent de l\'énergie principalement des fibres, les céréales fourniront la majeure partie de leur énergie à partir de l\'amidon. L\'orge contient environ 50% d\'amidon alors que l\'avoine en contient 35-40%.<br />Les lipides peuvent être fournis par l\'apport d\'huiles végétales ou via les ingrédients d\'aliments riches en matières grasses tels que le son de riz. L\'avoine contient normalement environ 5% de matières grasses, mais certaines variétés contiennent jusqu\'à 10% de matières grasses. L\'orge contient environ 2% de matières grasses.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Amidon</strong><br />L\'amidon (et les sucres hydrosolubles) sont principalement décomposés en glucose par des enzymes dans l\'intestin grêle et absorbés dans la circulation sanguine. Ici, le taux de glucose circulant est régulé par l\'insuline. Après un repas riche en amidon, le glucose sanguin va monter, et la sécrétion d\'insuline va également augmenter, car elle régule et ramène la glycémie à la normale. Le glucose circulant peut être utilisé pour la production immédiate d\'énergie (si nécessaire) ou stocké sous forme de glycogène dans les muscles et le foie. Il peut aussi être stocké sous forme de graisse corporelle.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Certains chevaux sont résistants à l\'insuline ou peuvent être atteints du syndrome de Cushing. Ces chevaux ont des difficultés dans la régulation de leur glycémie et ont besoin d\'un régime alimentaire à faible teneur en amidon et sucres.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La teneur en amidon des aliments concentrés varie d\'environ 15 à 40%.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Lipides<br /></strong>Les lipides peuvent être ajoutés aux aliments concentrés via les huiles végétales ou d\'autres composants des aliments riches en matières grasses. Le cheval digérera facilement des niveaux de graisse contrôlés dans la ration et des quantités distribuées jusqu\'à 0,1 kg de graisse / 100 kg de poids corporel / jour sont sans danger. Les lipides seront absorbés au niveau l\'intestin grêle sous forme d\'acides gras à longue chaîne et utilisés pour la production d\'énergie (si nécessaire) ou stockés sous forme de graisse. L\'absorption des lipides a peu d\'influence sur la production d\'insuline et ne présente aucun problème pour les chevaux résistants à l\'insuline ou atteints du syndrome de Cushing.<br />La teneur en matières grasses des aliments concentrés peut varier d\'environ 2 à 10%.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Fibres</strong><br />La fibre est digérée par le microbiote intestinal, principalement dans le caecum et le côlon. Cette fermentation microbienne produit des acides gras volatils à courte chaine dont, en majorité, l\'acide acétique et l\'acide propionique. Les acides gras volatils seront absorbés dans la circulation sanguine et utilisés pour la production d\'énergie ou stockés sous forme de graisse corporelle. L\'acide propionique peut également être utilisé pour la production de glucose. Les acides gras volatiles sont considérés comme la source énergétique la plus «naturelle», et la fibre est essentielle pour une bonne santé intestinale.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Beaucoup d\'aliments concentrés proposent maintenant une plus grande quantité de fibres. Celle-ci peut être ajoutée sous forme de foin haché, ou de produits hautement digestibles comme la pulpe de betterave ou de la pulpe de pomme. L\'utilisation de produits à fibres hautement digestibles permet de maintenir la teneur en énergie des aliments concentrés sans ajouter de trop de céréales riches en amidon.</p>\r\n<p>La teneur en fibres des aliments concentrés peut varier d\'environ 10 à 20%.</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/Foderexempel_sept15_fra.png\" alt=\"Foderexempel sept15 fra\" width=\"500\" height=\"182\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dans la liste des aliments des versions supérieures de PC-Horse, vous trouverez le contenu en amidon, lipides et fibres de tous les aliments. Ouvrez une liste d\'aliments et choisissez \"Comparer les nutriments dans les aliments\". Sélectionnez les aliments et les nutriments que vous voulez comparer. Cela vous permet de choisir plus facilement les meilleurs produits pour vos chevaux.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">&nbsp;Commenter l\'</span><span class=\"hps\">article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-10-01 09:31:40',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-08-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',8,179,'','',1,1644,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3925,4650,'Stänga av eller aktivera den automatiska uppdateringen av Sverigelistan vid uppstart','feedlist-at-startup46','<p>Normalt går PC-Horse, via internet, upp till vår foderdatabas (FeedCenter) varje gång programmet startas. Då kontrolleras om något foder har tillkommit, tagits bort eller ändrats. Därefter uppdater programmet alla foder som har samma identitet i dina befintliga foderlistor och hästar. Processen tar normalt mellan 20 - 40 sekunder. Det kan variera lite grann beroende på hur snabb uppkoppling du har till internet.</p>\r\n<p>Denna automatiska funktion kan fr. o.m version 2.27 stängas av under menyn \"Inställningar/Stäng av uppdateringen av Sverigelistan vid start\".</p>\r\n<p>På samma sätt kan den aktiveras igen på samma ställe med: \"Aktivera uppdateringen av Sverigelistan vid start\".</p>\r\n<p>Att alltid ha de senaste foderuppgifterna aktuella är en av de stora fördelarna med PC-Horse. Och det bör vägas mot upplevelsen av att få vänta några sekunder extra vid uppstart. Risken är att du glömmer bort att du kopplat bort den automatiska uppdateringen.</p>\r\n<p>För att påminna dig om vilken inställning du har aktuell har vi lagt till en länk som visas i den vänstra panelen. Med den kan du lätt aktivera uppdateringen igen.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>','',1,50,'2015-09-03 11:41:17',10,'','2018-05-16 14:15:31',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-09-03 11:41:17','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,29,'','',1,1024,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(3926,4651,'Prix pour les entreprises en France','price-org-fr','<table border=\"1\" style=\"height: 260px; border-width: 1px; border-color: #ffffff; width: 100%;\" cellspacing=\"5\" cellpadding=\"5\">\r\n<tbody style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\"><th style=\"text-align: left; background-color: #000000; width: 140px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Version</span></strong></th><th style=\"text-align: left; background-color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;Mois</span></strong></th><th style=\"text-align: left; background-color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;Nouvelle licence<br /></span></strong></th><th style=\"text-align: left; background-color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;Extension</span></strong></th></tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/PCHlogo-Consultant-165px.jpg\" alt=\"PCHlogo Consultant 165px\" width=\"140\" height=\"51\" /></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #cc6600;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">12</span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #cc6600;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"> 500<br /></span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #cc6600;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">500</span></strong></span><br /> </span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/education44.jpg\" alt=\"education46\" width=\"140\" height=\"51\" /></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #c207f7;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>12</strong></span></span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #c207f7;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">&nbsp;550</span> </strong> </span></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center; background-color: #c207f7;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">550</span> </strong></span>&nbsp;</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #ffffff;\"> <br /></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Grande;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"color: #1f497d;\">A special license handling system is available for Companies and Organisations with many users. </span>This service is primarily intended for Feed Companies which collaborates with PC-Horse, Equine Colleges, Universities and other Educational organisations. Members of such organisations get a highly discounted license to PC-Horse. <br /> <br /> <span style=\"color: #1f497d;\">The annual fee is invoiced at the same time as the licenses are activated, usually with a 1 year duration. </span>The licenses are sent by email to all members of the organisation. Updates of member lists and addition of new members are done centrally. <span style=\"color: #1f497d;\">For more info contact us.</span></span><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"> </span></span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">F<span style=\"color: #1f497d;\">or each user you need to provide: Name, email, mobile phone (country code included). <br /> </span><br /> <span style=\"color: #1f497d;\">Please note:<br /> Licenses which are tied to an organisation cannot be converted to private licenses by the user, and must be prolonged centrally by PC-Horse. <br /> </span>In cases a user leaves the organsation, we will remove the user, which at license expiration must buy an ordinary license through the web.&nbsp; <br /> <br /> ** <span style=\"color: #1f497d;\">Educational institutions receive personal teacher licenses and student licenses at an agreed price. </span></span></span></p>\r\n<hr size=\"3\" width=\"100%\" />\r\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Grande;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"></span><span style=\"color: #1f497d;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Participants in national feed lists </strong></span></span></span><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>(F<span style=\"color: #1f497d;\">eed producers, feed importers, and </span>roughage producers)<br /> </strong></span></span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><br /> Le<span style=\"color: #1f497d;\">ading feed producers </span>i<span style=\"color: #1f497d;\">n</span> <span style=\"color: #1f497d;\">the</span> S<span style=\"color: #1f497d;\">c</span>andinavi<span style=\"color: #1f497d;\">an</span> countries, England, Irland, Fran<span style=\"color: #1f497d;\">ce</span>, <span style=\"color: #1f497d;\">The Netherlands </span>and Germany participate <span style=\"color: #1f497d;\">in the national guaranty feed lists with their branded horse feeds. </span>Feeds are currently categorized as Roughages, <span style=\"color: #1f497d;\">Concentrates </span>or Mineral<span style=\"color: #1f497d;\">/Vitamin supplements</span>. <span style=\"color: #1f497d;\">Please contact us for more information if your company is interested in more information, or considers to participate in the PC-Horse feed list.&nbsp;</span></span></span></p>\r\n<hr size=\"3\" width=\"100%\" />\r\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Grande;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"></span></span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Grande;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><br /> </span></span></p>','',1,2,'2008-10-29 11:05:58',62,'','2016-03-02 08:23:52',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2008-10-29 11:05:58','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,0,'pc-horse priser, pc-horse prislista, foderstats program pris','Som speciell service till de foderfirmor som medverkar i programmets foderlistor och som har många rådgivande användare samt för universitet och naturbruksgymnasier som har många lärare och elever har vi en speciell licenskategori - \"Organisations\".\r\nEnligt avtal faktureras dessa licenser samtidigt som alla organisationens licenser levereras. Uppdateringar eller tillägg av nya användare sker centralt. Du kan begära mer information eller anmäla ändringar eller tillägg genom att maila oss här. För varje användare behöver vi följande uppgifter: Namn, mailadress, mobiltelefon (inkl landskod).',1,1530,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3927,4652,'Hämtningen är klar!','dowload-ok-sv','<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Tack för att Du laddat ned PC-Horse.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Du kan nu installera programmet genom att klicka på hämtade installationsfilen \"46install.exe\" eller den blå ikonen: <br /><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon-blue.png\" alt=\"icon blue\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Följ anvisningarna efterhand så installeras allt på sina rätta platser. När installationen är klar startar du programmet med den oranga ikonen:<br /> <img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon-orange.png\" alt=\"icon orange\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">När PC-Horse startar för första gången kan du köpa en licens inifrån programmet som aktiverar det i den version du beställt.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Lycka till!</p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/pchimages/SCIENCE.jpg\" alt=\"SCIENCE\" /></p>','',1,13,'2015-09-26 11:08:00',10,'','2015-09-26 11:08:00',0,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-09-26 11:08:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',1,0,'','',1,927,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(3928,4654,'Snabbstart - temporärt stoppa uppdateringen av Sverigelistan','suspendfeedsynchronization46','<p>Funktionen aktiv i versionerna: <span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\"> &nbsp; PROFESSIONAL &nbsp;</span> &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">&nbsp; KONSULT &nbsp;</span></p>\r\n<p>För professionella användare som ofta öppnar PC-Horse finns en särskild inställning som temporärt kopplar bort uppdateringen av nya uppgifter från vår foderdatabas. Gå till huvudmenyn inställningar och välj \"Snabbstart\".</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/46-images/46-stopfeedlist_1.png\" alt=\"46 stopfeedlist 1\" /></p>\r\n<p><br />En dialogruta bekräftar ditt val. Samtidigt tänds en röd länk som påminner Dig att du kopplat bort den automatiska uppdateringen. Genom att klicka på denna aktiverar du den igen.<br /><br /></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/46-images/46-stopfeedlist_2.png\" alt=\"46 stopfeedlist 2\" /></p>\r\n<p><br />Under menyn inställningar kan Du göra samma sak.<br /><br /></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/46-images/46-stopfeedlist_3.png\" alt=\"46 stopfeedlist 3\" /></p>\r\n<p><br />En dialogruta bekräftar att du aktiverat uppdateringen av Sverigelistan. Den röda länken släcks.<br /><br /></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/46-images/46-stopfeedlist_4.png\" alt=\"46 stopfeedlist 4\" /></p>','',1,48,'2015-09-27 10:54:40',10,'','2018-05-16 14:10:01',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-09-27 10:54:40','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,97,'','',1,1647,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(3929,4655,'Hurtigstart - Du kan midlertidig utsette synkroniseringen av Norgeslisten ved programstart','suspendfeedsynchronization-no','<p><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">Funksjonen aktiv i versjonene:</span> <span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\"> &nbsp; PROFESSIONAL &nbsp;</span> &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">&nbsp; KONSULENT &nbsp;</span></span></p>\r\n<p>For profesjonelle brukere som ofte starter og avslutter PC-Horse finnes en innstilling som temporært hopper over synkroniseringen av garantifôrlisten på datamaskinen med PC-Horse Feed Center (serveren til PC-Horse). Gå til hovudmenyens og velg \"Hurtigstart\".</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/47-images/47-stopfeedlist_1.png\" alt=\"47 stopfeedlist 1\" /></p>\r\n<p>Et dialogvindu bekreftar ditt valg. Samtidigt vises en rød lenke som minner deg på at du har midlertidig har valgt å droppe synkroniseringen av Norgeslisten ved programstart. <br />Du aktiverer synkroniseringen igjen ved å klikke på den røde lenken.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/47-images/47-stopfeedlist_2.png\" alt=\"47 stopfeedlist 2\" /></p>\r\n<p>Under menyvalget innstillinger kan du også gjøre dette valget.<img src=\"images-joomla/stories/47-images/47-stopfeedlist_3.png\" alt=\"47 stopfeedlist 3\" /></p>\r\n<p>Et dialogvindu bekrefter at du har aktivert nedlastingen. Neste gang programmet stater vil Norgeslisten synkroniseres mot Feed Center. Den røde lenken forsvinner.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/47-images/47-stopfeedlist_4.png\" alt=\"47 stopfeedlist 4\" /></p>','',1,48,'2015-09-27 10:54:40',10,'','2015-09-28 11:39:48',66,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-09-27 10:54:40','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',9,96,'','',1,1615,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(3930,4656,'Hurtigstart - for midlertidigt at stoppe downloadning af Danmarklisten','suspendfeedsynchronization-dk','<p><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">Funktionen er aktiv i version: </span><span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"> &nbsp;</span> PROFESSIONAL &nbsp;</span> &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">&nbsp; KONSULENT &nbsp;</span></span></p>\r\n<p>For professionelle brugere som ofte åbner PC-Horse findes en særlig indstilling som midlertidigt fjerner den automatiske opdateringaf nye værdier fra foderdatabasen. Gå til hovedmenu under ind-stillinger og vælg \"Hurtigstart\".</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/45-images/45-stopfeedlist_1.png\" alt=\"45 stopfeedlist 1\" /></p>\r\n<p>Et dialogvindue bekræfter dit val. Samtidigt tænder en rød bjælke som husker Dig på at du har kob-let den automatiske opdatering af foderdatabasen fra.<br />Ved at klikke på denne aktiverer du opdateringningen igen.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/45-images/45-stopfeedlist_2.png\" alt=\"45 stopfeedlist 2\" /></p>\r\n<p>Under menuen indstillinger kan Du gøre det samme.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/45-images/45-stopfeedlist_3.png\" alt=\"45 stopfeedlist 3\" /></p>\r\n<p>En dialogrude bekræfter at du aktiverer opdateringen af Danmarkslisten. Den røde bjælke slukkes nu</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/45-images/45-stopfeedlist_4.png\" alt=\"45 stopfeedlist 4\" /></p>','',1,48,'2015-09-27 10:54:40',10,'','2015-09-28 08:14:53',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-09-27 10:54:40','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,95,'','',1,1453,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(3931,4657,'Quick start - temporarily suspend feed list update when PC-Horse starts','suspendfeedsynchronization-eng','<p><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Feature active in version: </span><span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\"> &nbsp; PROFESSIONAL &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"> &nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">&nbsp; CONSULTANT &nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">For</span> <span class=\"hps\">professional users who</span> <span class=\"hps\">often close and restart </span><span class=\"hps\">PC-Horse</span> you can select to <span class=\"hps\">temporarily</span> pospone <span class=\"hps\">the download</span> <span class=\"hps\">of new data from</span> <span class=\"hps\">our</span> <span class=\"hps\">feed</span> <span class=\"hps\">database.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Go to the</span> <span class=\"hps\">main menu,</span> <span class=\"hps\">Configurations, and select</span> <span class=\"hps\">\"Quick Start</span><span>\"</span><span>.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-stopfeedlist_1.png\" alt=\"44 stopfeedlist 1\" /></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">A dialog box</span> will <span class=\"hps\">confirm</span> <span class=\"hps\">your choice.</span> <span class=\"hps\">A</span><span class=\"hps\"> red</span> <span class=\"hps\">link</span> <span class=\"hps\">will remind you</span> <span class=\"hps\">that you</span> have <span class=\"hps\">disabled</span> <span class=\"hps\">the automatic</span> <span class=\"hps\">synchronization with the feed center.</span><br /> <span class=\"hps\">Clicking the link will </span><span class=\"hps\">activate</span> <span class=\"hps\">automatic download</span> <span class=\"hps\">again</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-stopfeedlist_2.png\" alt=\"44 stopfeedlist 2\" /></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Under</span> <span class=\"hps\">Preferences you can</span> <span class=\"hps\">do the same thing</span><span>.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-stopfeedlist_3.png\" alt=\"44 stopfeedlist 3\" /></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">A dialog box</span> <span class=\"hps\">confirms that</span> <span class=\"hps\">you have re-enabled</span><span class=\"hps\"> synchronization of your feeds.</span> <span class=\"hps\">The red</span> <span class=\"hps\">link</span> <span class=\"hps\">disappears.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-stopfeedlist_4.png\" alt=\"44 stopfeedlist 4\" /></p>','',1,48,'2015-09-27 10:54:40',10,'','2016-03-16 14:54:10',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-09-27 10:54:40','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',8,94,'','',1,1571,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(3932,4658,'Démarrage rapide - Arrêt temporaire de la mise à jour de la liste nationale d\'aliments','suspendfeedsynchronization-fr','<p><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Fonctionnalité active dans les versions :</span></span></span></span><span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; PROFESSIONAL &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"> &nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">&nbsp; CONSULTANT &nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Pour les utilisateurs</span> <span class=\"hps\">professionnels qui</span> ouvrent <span class=\"hps\">souvent</span> <span class=\"hps\">PC</span>-Horse <span class=\"hps\">Il y a un paramètre</span> <span class=\"hps\">spécial qui</span> <span class=\"hps\">arrête</span> <span class=\"hps\">temporairement</span> <span class=\"hps\">le téléchargement</span> <span class=\"hps\">de nouvelles données</span> <span class=\"hps\">de</span> <span class=\"hps\">notre base de données</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'aliments</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Aller</span> <span class=\"hps\">au menu principal, dans \"configurations\"</span>, puis sélectionnez <span class=\"hps atn\">\"Démarrage rapide pas de MàJ...</span>\".</span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/33-images/33-stopfeedlist_1.png\" alt=\"33 stopfeedlist 1\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Une boîte de dialogue</span> <span class=\"hps\">vous confirmera votre</span> <span class=\"hps\">choix.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Un lien</span> <span class=\"hps\">rouge vous</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">rappellera que vous</span> <span class=\"hps\">avez arrêté le</span> <span class=\"hps\">téléchargement automatique</span><span>.</span><br /> <span class=\"hps\">Cliquer sur le lien</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour activer</span> <span class=\"hps\">à nouveau</span> <span class=\"hps\">le téléchargement automatique</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/33-images/33-stopfeedlist_2.png\" alt=\"33 stopfeedlist 2\" /></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Dans le menu principal \"Configurations\" vous pouvez faire la même chose.</span><span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/33-images/33-stopfeedlist_3.png\" alt=\"33 stopfeedlist 3\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Une boîte de dialogue vous confirme que vous pouvez à nouveau télécharger les mises à jour des listes d\'aliments. Le lien rouge disparaît.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/33-images/33-stopfeedlist_4.png\" alt=\"33 stopfeedlist 4\" /></p>','',1,48,'2015-09-27 10:54:40',10,'','2015-09-28 20:04:18',81,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-09-27 10:54:40','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,92,'','',1,1316,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3933,4659,'Schnellstart - temporarily suspend feed list update when PC-Horse starts','suspendfeedsynchronization-de','<p><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Feature active in version: </span><span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\"> &nbsp; PROFESSIONAL &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"> &nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">&nbsp; CONSULTANT &nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">For</span> <span class=\"hps\">professional users who</span> <span class=\"hps\">often close and restart </span><span class=\"hps\">PC-Horse</span> you can select to <span class=\"hps\">temporarily</span> pospone <span class=\"hps\">the download</span> <span class=\"hps\">of new data from</span> <span class=\"hps\">our</span> <span class=\"hps\">feed</span> <span class=\"hps\">database.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Go to the</span> <span class=\"hps\">main menu,</span> <span class=\"hps\">Configurations, and select</span> <span class=\"hps\">\"Quick Start</span><span>\"</span><span>.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-stopfeedlist_1.png\" alt=\"49 stopfeedlist 1\" /></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">A dialog box</span> will <span class=\"hps\">confirm</span> <span class=\"hps\">your choice.</span> <span class=\"hps\">A</span><span class=\"hps\"> red</span> <span class=\"hps\">link</span> <span class=\"hps\">will remind you</span> <span class=\"hps\">that you</span> have <span class=\"hps\">disabled</span> <span class=\"hps\">the automatic</span> <span class=\"hps\">synchronization with the feed center.</span><br /> <span class=\"hps\">Clicking the link will </span><span class=\"hps\">activate</span> <span class=\"hps\">automatic download</span> <span class=\"hps\">again</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-stopfeedlist_2.png\" alt=\"49 stopfeedlist 2\" /></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Under</span> <span class=\"hps\">Preferences you can</span> <span class=\"hps\">do the same thing</span><span>.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-stopfeedlist_3.png\" alt=\"49 stopfeedlist 3\" /></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">A dialog box</span> <span class=\"hps\">confirms that</span> <span class=\"hps\">you have re-enabled</span><span class=\"hps\"> synchronization of your feeds.</span> <span class=\"hps\">The red</span> <span class=\"hps\">link</span> <span class=\"hps\">disappears.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/49-images/49-stopfeedlist_4.png\" alt=\"49 stopfeedlist 4\" /></p>','',1,48,'2015-09-27 10:54:40',10,'','2015-09-28 08:04:00',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-09-27 10:54:40','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,91,'','',1,1402,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3934,4660,'Snelle start - to temporarily stop updating of the national feed list','suspendfeedsynchronization-nl','<p><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff;\">Fonctionnalité active dans les versions :</span></span></span></span><span style=\"background-color: #99cc00;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; PROFESSIONAL &nbsp;<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\"> &nbsp;</span></span><span style=\"background-color: #ff9900;\">&nbsp; CONSULTANT &nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">For</span> <span class=\"hps\">professional users who</span> <span class=\"hps\">often open</span> <span class=\"hps\">PC-Horse</span> there <span class=\"hps\">is a special</span> <span class=\"hps\">setting that</span> <span class=\"hps\">temporarily</span> <span class=\"hps\">disconnect</span> <span class=\"hps\">the download</span> <span class=\"hps\">of new data from</span> <span class=\"hps\">our</span> <span class=\"hps\">feed</span> <span class=\"hps\">database.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Go to the</span> <span class=\"hps\">main menu</span> <span class=\"hps\">settings, and select</span> <span class=\"hps\">\"Quick Start</span><span>\"</span><span>.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/31-images/31-stopfeedlist_1.png\" alt=\"31 stopfeedlist 1\" /></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">A dialog box</span> will <span class=\"hps\">confirm</span> <span class=\"hps\">your choice.</span> <span class=\"hps\">A</span><span class=\"hps\"> red</span> <span class=\"hps\">link</span> <span class=\"hps\">will remind you</span> <span class=\"hps\">that you</span> have <span class=\"hps\">disconnected</span> <span class=\"hps\">the automatic</span> <span class=\"hps\">download.</span><br /> <span class=\"hps\">Clicking the link will </span><span class=\"hps\">activate</span> <span class=\"hps\">automatic download</span> <span class=\"hps\">again</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/31-images/31-stopfeedlist_2.png\" alt=\"31 stopfeedlist 2\" /></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Under</span> <span class=\"hps\">Settings you can</span> <span class=\"hps\">do the same thing</span><span>.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/31-images/31-stopfeedlist_3.png\" alt=\"31 stopfeedlist 3\" /></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">A dialog box</span> <span class=\"hps\">confirms that</span> <span class=\"hps\">you have enable</span> <span class=\"hps\">downloading again.</span> <span class=\"hps\">The red</span> <span class=\"hps\">link</span> <span class=\"hps\">disappears.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/31-images/31-stopfeedlist_4.png\" alt=\"31 stopfeedlist 4\" /></p>','',1,48,'2015-09-27 10:54:40',10,'','2015-09-28 08:04:15',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-09-27 10:54:40','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,90,'','',1,1551,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(3935,4661,'Oktober 2015 - Pyridoxin (Vitamin B6)','okt2015-nb','<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><strong>B-vitaminene er en gruppe på 8 vannløselige vitaminer som har en viktig rolle i cellenes metabolisme. De kan ikke produseres i dyreorganismen, men dannes av bakterier, sopp og planter. Hos hesten er mikrobene i tarmene i stand til å syntetisere de fleste B-vitaminer. Hestens behov for B-vitaminer har bare etablert for tiamin (B1) og riboflavin (B2). Selv om det ikke er vist at hesten har behov for å få tilført Vitamin B6 med fôret, har vi likevel tatt med en anbefaling om daglig inntak i PC-Horse som en sikkerhet dersom tarmsyntesen ikke skulle være tilstrekkelig.<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/vitamin-b6.jpg\" alt=\"vitamin b6\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><strong>Funksjon<br /></strong>Vitamin B6 har mange funksjoner i kroppen. Det deltar i et stort antall enzymreaksjoner, særlig i forbindelse med metabolisme av protein, karbohydrater og fett. Det inngår også i biosyntesen av signalstoffene adrenalin og noradrenalin.<strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><strong>Kilder<br /></strong>Vitamin B6 omfatter flere kjemiske former; pyridoxin, pyridoxal og pyridoxamine. Disse har alle den samme vitamin aktiviteten dersom vi regner på molar basis. Den syntetiske formen av pyridoxin som tilsettes i fôr og vitamintilskudd er oftest pyridoxin hydrokloride. Vitamin B6 finnes i grovfôr og kornprodukter og det produseres som nevnt også av mikrober i hestens tarm.<br />Kraftfôrblandinger til hest er oftest tilsatt vitamin B6 i mengder på 2-6 mg per kg tørrstoff.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><strong>Behov</strong><br />Det er ikke fastlagt et behov for vitamin B6 for hester. PC-Horse oppgir følgende retningslinjer for anbefalt vitamin B6 innhold i rasjonen til hester:<br /><strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12.65pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.65pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"131\">Vedlikehold</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.25pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.65pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,020 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.45pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"131\">Lett trening</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,020 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.45pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"131\">Middels trening</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,022 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.45pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"131\">Hard trening</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,026 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12.65pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.65pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"131\">Veldig hard trening</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.65pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,026 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12.65pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.65pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"131\">Drektige hopper</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.65pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,020 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12.65pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.65pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"131\">Lakterende hopper</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.65pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,026 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12.65pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.65pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"131\">Unghester</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.65pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,025 mg/kg kroppsvekt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Mangelsymptomer</strong><br />Mangelsymptomer er ikke påvist hos hest.<br />Giftighet<br />Da pyridoxin er et vannløselig vitamin vil et høyere inntak enn kroppen trenger bli skilt ut med urinen. Pyridoxinforgiftning er aldri påvist hos hester.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />PC-Horse beregner anbefalte mengder vitamin B6 individuelt for hver hest. Fôrenes innhold av Vitamin B6 er også tatt med i programmets fôrlister når verdien er kjent. Når du setter opp fôrplaner til hestene dine ved hjelp av PC-Horse har du alltid oversikt over fôrplanens innhold av vitamin B6 og hvordan dette er i forhold til hestens anbefalte inntak.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;<em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /><em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /><em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-11-01 11:04:18',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-09-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,321,'','',1,1494,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(3936,4662,'Oktober 2015 - Pyridoxin (Vitamin B6)','okt2015-sv','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3879:vill-du-kommentera-var-manadsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=sv-SE\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><strong>B-vitaminerna är en grupp på 8 vattenlösliga vitaminer som spelar en viktig roll i cellernas metabolism. De kan inte produceras i djurets organism, men byggs upp av bakterier, svampar och plantor. Hos hästen är mikroberna i tarmen kapabla att&nbsp; syntetisera de flesta B-vitaminer. Hästens behov av B-vitaminer har bara fastställts för tiamin (B1) och riboflavin (B2). Även om det inte är visat att hästen har behov av att få tillfört sig Vitamin B6 i fodret, så har vi trots det tagit med en rekommendation om dagligt intag i PC-Horse som en säkerhetsåtgärd om dess tarmsyntes inte skulle vara tillräcklig.<br /><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: center;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/vitamin-b6.jpg\" alt=\"vitamin b6\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><strong>Funktion<br /></strong>Vitamin B6 har många funktioner i kroppen. Det deltar i ett stort antal enzymreaktioner, särskilt i samband med metaboliseringen av protein, kolhydrater och fett. Det ingår även i biosyntesen av signalämnen som adrenalin och noradrenalin.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><strong>Källor<br /></strong>Vitamin B6 förekommer i flera kemiska former; pyridoxin, pyridoxal och pyridoxamin. Dessa har alla samma vitamin-aktivitet om vi räknar på molarnivå. Den syntetiska formen av pyridoxin som tillsätts i foder och vitamintillskott utgörs oftast av pyridoxin hydroklorid. Vitamin B6 finns i grovfoder och kornprodukter och det produceras, som tidigare nämnts, även av mikrober i hästens tarm. I kraftfoderblandningar till häst har det oftast tillsatts vitamin B6 i mängder på 2-6 mg per kg torrsubstans.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><strong>Behov</strong><br />Behoven för B6 för hästar är inte fastlagda. PC-Horse redovisar följande riktlinjer för rekommenderat B6-innehåll i dagsransonen för hästar:<br /><strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12.65pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.5pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.65pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"131\">Underhåll</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.25pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.65pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,020 mg/kg kroppsvikt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.45pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"131\">Lätt träning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,020 mg/kg kroppsvikt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.45pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"131\">Medel träning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,022 mg/kg kroppsvikt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 13.45pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"131\">Hård träning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 13.45pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,026 mg/kg kroppsvikt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12.65pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.65pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"131\">Intensiv träning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.65pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,026 mg/kg kroppsvikt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12.65pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.65pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"131\">Dräktiga ston</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.65pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,020 mg/kg kroppsvikt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12.65pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.65pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"131\">Digivande ston</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.65pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,026 mg/kg kroppsvikt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 12.65pt;\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.5pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.65pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"131\">Unghästar</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 145.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 12.65pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"145\">0,025 mg/kg kroppsvikt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Bristsymptom</strong><br />Det finns inga bristsymptom redovisade för häst.<br /><br /><strong>Giftighet<br /></strong>Eftersom pyridoxin är ett vattenlösligt vitamin blir högre intag än vad kroppen behöver utsöndrade med urinen. Pyridoxinförgiftning har aldrig påvisats hos hästar.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />PC-Horse beräknar rekommenderade mängder av vitaminet B6 individuellt för varje häst. Fodrens innehåll av Vitamin B6 finns medtagna i programmets foderlistor när värden för detta är känt. När du ställer upp foderstater för dina hästar med hjälp av PC-Horse har du alltid kontroll på foderstatens innehåll av Vitamin B6 och hur dessa förhåller sig till hästens rekommenderade intag.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3879:feedback-pa-var-manadsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=sv-SE\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-11-01 11:04:18',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-09-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,305,'','',1,1770,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(3937,4663,'Octobre 2015 - Pyridoxin (Vitamin B6)','oct2015-fr','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Commenter cet </span><span class=\"hps\">article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"></span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span><strong>B-vitamins are a group of 8 water soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. They can not be produced by the body itself, but can be produced by bacteria, fungi and plants. In the horse, microorganisms in the gut, mainly the hind gut, are capable of synthesizing B-vitamins and nutrient requirements have so far only been well established for thiamin (B<sub>1</sub>) and riboflavin (B<sub>2</sub>). The requirements included in PC-Horse are consequently to be regarded as guidelines.<br /><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" alt=\"vitamin b6\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/vitamin-b6.jpg\" /><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p><strong>Function</strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"><br /></span></span></strong></span>Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> is extremely performs a wide variety of functions in the body. It is involved in many enzyme reactions, most of which are concerned with protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is also a cofactor in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters adrenaline and noradrenaline.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p><strong>Dietary sources</strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"><br /></span></span></strong></span>Vitamine B<sub>6</sub> encompasses several chemical forms; pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine. They all have equal vitamin activity on a molar basis. The synthetic form of pyridoxine used for dietary supplementation is most often pyridoxine hydrochloride. Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> is found in most feeds and the vitamin is also, as noted, produced by microbes in the intestines.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p>Compound feeds are typically supplemented with 2-6 mg vitamin B<sub>6</sub> per kg dry matter.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p><strong>Requirements</strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"><br /></span></span></strong></span>Based on available literature and requirements given for other domestic animals, PC-Horse provides the following guidelines for vitamin B<sub>6 </sub>in horse rations:</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Maintenance</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.020 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.020 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Moderate exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.022 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.026 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Very heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.026 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Pregnant mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.020 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Lactating mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.026 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Growing horses</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.025 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p><strong>Deficiency</strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"><br /></span></span></strong></span>Deficiency symptoms has not been reported in horses.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p><strong>Toxicity</strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"><br /></span></span></strong></span>As vitamin B<sub>6</sub> is a water-soluble vitamin, excess intake will be excreted in the urine. Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> toxicity in horses has never been reported.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"><br /></span></span></strong></span>PC-Horse calculates guidelines for Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> intake individually for each horse. Where values could be obtained, B<sub>6</sub> is included in the feed tables. When composing rations using PC-Horse, you will always be able to control that the intake of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> is at least sufficient to comply with the proposed guidelines.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">&nbsp;Commenter l\'</span><span class=\"hps\">article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',-2,81,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-09-28 17:29:43',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-09-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,2,'','',1,0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3938,4664,'October 2015 - Pyridoxin (Vitamin B6)','oct2015-eng','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"></span><strong>B-vitamins are a group of eight water soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. They cannot be produced by the body itself, but can be produced by bacteria, fungi and plants. In the horse, microorganisms in the gut, mainly the hind gut, are capable of synthesizing B-vitamins. Nutrient requirements have so far only been well established for thiamin (B1) and riboflavin (B2). The requirements included in PC-Horse for vitamin B6 must therefore be regarded as guidelines.<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/vitamin-b6.jpg\" alt=\"vitamin b6\" /><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"> <br /></span></p>\r\n<p><strong>Function</strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><br /></span>Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> is extremely performs a wide variety of functions in the body. It is involved in many enzyme reactions, most of which are concerned with protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is also a cofactor in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters adrenaline and noradrenaline.<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"> <br /></span></p>\r\n<p><strong>Dietary sources</strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><br /></span>Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> encompasses several chemical forms; pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine. They all have equal vitamin activity on a molar basis. The synthetic form of pyridoxine used for dietary supplementation is most often pyridoxine hydrochloride. Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> is found in most feeds and the vitamin is also, as noted, produced by microbes in the intestines.<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"> </span>Compound feeds are typically supplemented with 2-6 mg vitamin B<sub>6</sub> per kg dry matter.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Requirements</strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><br /></span>Based on available literature and requirements given for other domestic animals, PC-Horse provides the following guidelines for vitamin B<sub>6 </sub>in horse rations:</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Maintenance</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.020 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.020 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Moderate exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.022 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.026 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Very heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.026 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Pregnant mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.020 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Lactating mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.026 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Growing horses</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.025 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Deficiency</strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><br /></span>Deficiency symptoms have not been reported in horses.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Toxicity</strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><br /></span>As vitamin B<sub>6</sub> is a water-soluble vitamin, excess intake will be excreted in the urine. Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> toxicity in horses has never been reported.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><br /></span>PC-Horse calculates guidelines for Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> intake individually for each horse. Where values could be obtained, B<sub>6</sub> is included in the feed tables. When composing rations using PC-Horse, you will always be able to control that the intake of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> is at least sufficient to comply with the proposed guidelines.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-03-16 14:54:10',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-09-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,274,'','',1,1713,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(3939,4665,'Octobre 2015 - Pyridoxine (Vitamine B6)','oct2015-fra','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Commenter cet </span><span class=\"hps\">article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Les vitamines B sont un groupe de 8 vitamines hydrosolubles qui jouent un rôle important dans le métabolisme cellulaire. <span class=\"hps\">Elles ne peuvent pas</span> <span class=\"hps\">être produites par</span> <span class=\"hps\">le</span> <span class=\"hps\">corps lui-même</span>, <span class=\"hps\">mais</span> <span class=\"hps\">peuvent être produites par</span> <span class=\"hps\">des bactéries, des</span> <span class=\"hps\">champignons et des plantes</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Chez le cheval</span>, <span class=\"hps\">les micro-organismes</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans l\'intestin</span> <span class=\"hps\">(</span>principalement <span class=\"hps\">le </span><span class=\"alt-edited\">gros intestin) sont</span> <span class=\"hps\">capables de synthétiser</span> <span class=\"hps\">des vitamines B</span> <span class=\"hps\">et les</span> <span class=\"hps\">besoins nutritionnels</span> <span class=\"hps\">ont</span> <span class=\"hps\">seulement</span> <span class=\"hps\">été établis pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">la thiamine</span> <span class=\"hps\">(B1)</span> <span class=\"hps\">et la riboflavine</span> <span class=\"hps\">(B2). Les besoins indiqués dans PC-Horse ne doivent par conséquent n’être regardés que comme une ligne directrice.</span></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/vitamin-b6.jpg\" alt=\"vitamin b6\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Fonction<br /></strong>La vitamine B<sub>6 </sub>participe à <span class=\"hps\">effectue une</span> <span class=\"hps\">extrêmement</span> <span class=\"hps\">grande variété de fonctions</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le corps.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Elle est impliquée</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans de nombreuses réactions</span> <span class=\"hps\">enzymatiques,</span> la <span class=\"hps\">plupart avec les protéines, les glucides</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">le métabolisme des lipides</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Elle est également</span> <span class=\"hps\">un cofacteur</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans la biosynthèse de</span> neuromédiateurs comme <span class=\"hps\">l\'</span>adrénaline et la noradrénaline.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Sources alimentaires<br /></strong>La <span class=\"hps\">vitamine</span> <span class=\"hps\">B6</span> <span class=\"hps\">englobe plusieurs</span> <span class=\"hps\">formes chimiques</span> : <span class=\"hps\">la pyridoxine</span>, le pyridoxal <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">la pyridoxamine</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Elles ont toutes</span> <span class=\"hps\">une activité vitaminique</span> <span class=\"hps\">égale</span> <span class=\"hps\">sur une base molaire</span>. <span class=\"hps\">La</span> <span class=\"hps\">forme synthétique de</span> <span class=\"hps\">pyridoxine</span> <span class=\"hps\">utilisée pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">la supplémentation alimentaire</span> <span class=\"hps\">est</span> <span class=\"hps\">le plus souvent</span> <span class=\"hps\">le chlorhydrate</span> <span class=\"hps\">de pyridoxine</span>. <span class=\"hps\">La vitamine B6 est</span> <span class=\"hps\">présente dans la plupart</span> <span class=\"hps\">des aliments</span> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">elle est</span> <span class=\"hps\">également</span>, comme indiqué, <span class=\"hps\">produite par</span> <span class=\"hps\">les micro-organismes</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans les intestins.</span><br /> <span class=\"hps\">Les concentrés</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont généralement</span> <span class=\"hps\">complétés par</span> <span class=\"hps\">2-6</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg de vitamine</span> <span class=\"hps\">B6</span> <span class=\"hps\">par kg</span> <span class=\"hps\">de</span> <span class=\"hps\">matière sèche</span>.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Besoins<br /></strong><span class=\"hps\">Basé</span> <span class=\"hps\">sur la littérature</span> disponible <span class=\"hps\">et les besoins</span> <span class=\"hps\">indiqués pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">les autres animaux domestiques</span>, <span class=\"hps\">PC</span>-Horse <span class=\"hps\">fournit</span> <span class=\"hps\">les</span> <span class=\"hps\">lignes directrices suivantes pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">la vitamine B6</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans les rations</span> <span class=\"hps\">des chevaux</span>:</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 120.25pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">Entretien</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.65pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">0.020 mg/kg poids corporel</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 120.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">Exercice léger</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.65pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">0.020 mg/kg poids corporel</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 120.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">Exercice modéré</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.65pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">0.022 mg/kg poids corporel</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 120.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">Exercice élevé</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.65pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">0.026 mg/kg poids corporel</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 120.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">Exercice très élevé</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.65pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">0.026 mg/kg poids corporel</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 120.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">Juments gestantes</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.65pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">0.020 mg/kg poids corporel</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 120.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">Jument en lactation</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.65pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">0.026 mg/kg poids corporel</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 120.25pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"120\">Chevaux en croissance</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 134.65pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"135\">0.025 mg/kg poids corporel</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Carence<br /></strong><span class=\"hps\">Les symptômes de carence</span> <span class=\"hps\">n’ont pas été rapportés</span> <span class=\"hps\">chez les chevaux</span>.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Toxicité<br /></strong><span class=\"hps\">La vitamine B6</span> <span class=\"hps\">étant une vitamine</span> <span class=\"hps\">soluble dans l\'eau</span>, l\'excès de <span class=\"hps\">consommation</span> <span class=\"hps\">sera</span> <span class=\"hps\">excrété dans l\'urine</span>. <span class=\"hps\">La toxicité de la vitamine B6</span> <span class=\"hps\">chez le cheval</span> <span class=\"hps\">n\'a jamais été rapportée</span>.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong><span class=\"hps\">PC</span><span class=\"atn\">-</span>Horse <span class=\"hps\">calcule</span> <span class=\"hps\">des valeurs indicatives pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">les apports en vitamine B6</span> <span class=\"hps\">individuellement pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">chaque cheval</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Lorsque les valeurs</span> <span class=\"hps\">peuvent être obtenues</span>, la B6 <span class=\"hps\">est incluse dans les</span> <span class=\"hps\">tables d\'alimentation</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Lors de la composition</span> <span class=\"hps\">des rations</span> <span class=\"hps\">avec</span> <span class=\"hps\">PC</span><span class=\"atn\">-</span>Cheval, <span class=\"hps\">vous serez toujours</span> <span class=\"hps\">en mesure de contrôler</span> <span class=\"hps\">que la prise de</span> <span class=\"hps\">vitamine B6</span> <span class=\"hps\">est</span> <span class=\"hps\">au moins suffisante pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">se conformer aux</span> <span class=\"hps\">lignes directrices proposées</span>.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">&nbsp;Commenter l\'</span><span class=\"hps\">article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-11-01 11:04:18',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-09-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,254,'','',1,1598,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3940,4666,'October 2015 - Pyridoxin (Vitamin B6)','oct2015-de','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"></span><strong>B-vitamins are a group of eight water soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. They cannot be produced by the body itself, but can be produced by bacteria, fungi and plants. In the horse, microorganisms in the gut, mainly the hind gut, are capable of synthesizing B-vitamins. Nutrient requirements have so far only been well established for thiamin (B1) and riboflavin (B2). The requirements included in PC-Horse for vitamin B6 must therefore be regarded as guidelines.<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/vitamin-b6.jpg\" alt=\"vitamin b6\" /><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"> <br /></span></p>\r\n<p><strong>Function</strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><br /></span>Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> is extremely performs a wide variety of functions in the body. It is involved in many enzyme reactions, most of which are concerned with protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is also a cofactor in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters adrenaline and noradrenaline.<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"> <br /></span></p>\r\n<p><strong>Dietary sources</strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><br /></span>Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> encompasses several chemical forms; pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine. They all have equal vitamin activity on a molar basis. The synthetic form of pyridoxine used for dietary supplementation is most often pyridoxine hydrochloride. Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> is found in most feeds and the vitamin is also, as noted, produced by microbes in the intestines.<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"> </span>Compound feeds are typically supplemented with 2-6 mg vitamin B<sub>6</sub> per kg dry matter.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Requirements</strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><br /></span>Based on available literature and requirements given for other domestic animals, PC-Horse provides the following guidelines for vitamin B<sub>6 </sub>in horse rations:</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Maintenance</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.020 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.020 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Moderate exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.022 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.026 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Very heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.026 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Pregnant mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.020 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Lactating mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.026 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Growing horses</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.025 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Deficiency</strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><br /></span>Deficiency symptoms have not been reported in horses.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Toxicity</strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><br /></span>As vitamin B<sub>6</sub> is a water-soluble vitamin, excess intake will be excreted in the urine. Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> toxicity in horses has never been reported.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><br /></span>PC-Horse calculates guidelines for Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> intake individually for each horse. Where values could be obtained, B<sub>6</sub> is included in the feed tables. When composing rations using PC-Horse, you will always be able to control that the intake of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> is at least sufficient to comply with the proposed guidelines.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-11-01 11:04:18',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-09-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,239,'','',1,1417,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3941,4667,'October 2015 - Pyridoxin (Vitamin B6)','oct2015-nl','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"></span><strong>B-vitamins are a group of eight water soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. They cannot be produced by the body itself, but can be produced by bacteria, fungi and plants. In the horse, microorganisms in the gut, mainly the hind gut, are capable of synthesizing B-vitamins. Nutrient requirements have so far only been well established for thiamin (B1) and riboflavin (B2). The requirements included in PC-Horse for vitamin B6 must therefore be regarded as guidelines.<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/vitamin-b6.jpg\" alt=\"vitamin b6\" /><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"> <br /></span></p>\r\n<p><strong>Function</strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><br /></span>Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> is extremely performs a wide variety of functions in the body. It is involved in many enzyme reactions, most of which are concerned with protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is also a cofactor in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters adrenaline and noradrenaline.<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"> <br /></span></p>\r\n<p><strong>Dietary sources</strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><br /></span>Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> encompasses several chemical forms; pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine. They all have equal vitamin activity on a molar basis. The synthetic form of pyridoxine used for dietary supplementation is most often pyridoxine hydrochloride. Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> is found in most feeds and the vitamin is also, as noted, produced by microbes in the intestines.<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"> </span>Compound feeds are typically supplemented with 2-6 mg vitamin B<sub>6</sub> per kg dry matter.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Requirements</strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><br /></span>Based on available literature and requirements given for other domestic animals, PC-Horse provides the following guidelines for vitamin B<sub>6 </sub>in horse rations:</p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Maintenance</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.020 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Light exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.020 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Moderate exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.022 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.026 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Very heavy exercise</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.026 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Pregnant mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.020 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Lactating mares</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.026 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 106.1pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"106\">Growing horses</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0.025 mg/kg body weight</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Deficiency</strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><br /></span>Deficiency symptoms have not been reported in horses.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Toxicity</strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><br /></span>As vitamin B<sub>6</sub> is a water-soluble vitamin, excess intake will be excreted in the urine. Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> toxicity in horses has never been reported.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><br /></span>PC-Horse calculates guidelines for Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> intake individually for each horse. Where values could be obtained, B<sub>6</sub> is included in the feed tables. When composing rations using PC-Horse, you will always be able to control that the intake of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> is at least sufficient to comply with the proposed guidelines.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-11-01 11:04:18',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-09-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,213,'','',1,1274,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(3942,4668,'Oktober 2015 - Pyridoxin (Vitamin B6)','okt2015-da','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:poll-dk&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK&amp;Itemid=2670\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<strong>B-vitaminerne er en gruppe på 8 vandopløselige vitaminer som har en vigtig rolle i cellernes metabolisme. De kan ikke produceres i dyreorganismen, men dannes af bakterier, svampe og planter. Hos hesten er mikroberne i tarmene i stand til at syntetisere de fleste B-vitaminer. Hestens behov for B-vitaminer er kun dokumenteret for tiamin (B<sub>1</sub>) og riboflavin (B<sub>2</sub>). Selv om det ikke er vist, at hesten har behov for at få tilført Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>&nbsp;med foderet, har vi alligelvel medtaget &nbsp;en anbefaling om daglig indtag i PC-Horse som en sikkerhed hvis &nbsp;tarmsyntesen ikke skulle være tilstrækkelig.</strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: center;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/vitamin-b6.jpg\" alt=\"vitamin b6\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Funktion<br /></strong>Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> har mange funktioner i kroppen. Det indgår i et stort antal enzymreaktioner, særlig i forbindelse med metabolisme af protein, kulhydrater og fedt.Det indgår også i biosyntesen af signalstofferne adrenalin og noradrenalin.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Kilder<br /></strong>Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> omfatter flere kemiske former; pyridoxin, pyridoxal og pyridoxamine. Disse har alle den samme vitamin aktivitet hvis vi regner på molar basis. Den syntetiske formen af pyridoxin som tilsættes i foder og vitamintilskud er oftest pyridoxin hydrokloride. <sub>&nbsp;</sub>Vitamin B<sub>6 </sub>findes i grovfoder og kornprodukter og det produceres som nævnt også af mikroberne i hestens tarm.</p>\r\n<p>Kraftfoderblandinger til hest er oftest tilsat vitamin B<sub>6</sub> i mængder på 2-6 mg per kg tørstof.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Behov<br /></strong>Der er ikke fastlagt et behov for vitamin B<sub>6 </sub>for heste. PC-Horse opgiver følgende retningslinjer for anbefalet vitamin B<sub>6 </sub>indhold i rationen til heste: <sub>&nbsp;</sub></p>\r\n<table border=\"1\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none;\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Vedligehold</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-right-color: windowtext; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,020 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-right-color: windowtext; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Let træning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-style: none solid solid none; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,020 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-right-color: windowtext; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Middel træning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-style: none solid solid none; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,022 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-right-color: windowtext; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Hård træning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-style: none solid solid none; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,026 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-right-color: windowtext; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Meget hård&nbsp; træning</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-style: none solid solid none; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,026 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-right-color: windowtext; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Drægtige hopper</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-style: none solid solid none; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,020 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-right-color: windowtext; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Lakterende hopper</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-style: none solid solid none; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">0,026 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 127.35pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-right-color: windowtext; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-left-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"127\">Ungheste</td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 5cm; border-style: none solid solid none; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"142\">&nbsp;0,025 mg/kg kropsvægt</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Mangelsymptomer<br /></strong>Mangelsymptomer er ikke påvist hos hest.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Giftighed<br /></strong>Da pyridoxin er et vandopløseligt vitamin vil et højere indtag &nbsp;&nbsp;end kroppen har behov for blive skilt ud med urinen. Pyridoxinforgiftning er aldrig påvist hos heste.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>PC-Horse beregner anbefalede mængder vitamin B<sub>6</sub> individuelt for hver hest. Foderets indhold af Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> er også taget med i programmets foderliste når værdien er kendt.&nbsp; Når du sammensætter foderplaner til dine heste&nbsp; ved hjælp af PC-Horse får du alltid en&nbsp; oversigt over foderplanens indhold af vitamin B<sub>6</sub> og hvordan dette er i forhold til hestens anbefalede indtag.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:poll-dk&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK&amp;Itemid=2670\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-11-01 11:04:18',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-09-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,174,'','',1,1553,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(3943,4669,'November 2015 - Næringsinnhold i standardfôrene som ligger i fôrlistene i PC-Horse.','nov2015-nb','<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p><strong>I PC-Horse programmet sine fôrlister finner du næringsinnhold i standard grovfôr (gras, høy, ensilasje) og kraftfôr (bygg, havre mm). Næringsinnholdet som blir oppgitt i standardfôrene er hentet fra flere forskjellige tabeller. Disse standard fôrene er eksempler som skal brukes når du ikke har originale analyser av fôret ditt. Kommersielle kraftfôrblandinger og vitamin/mineral tilskudd har næringsinnhold som er oppgitt og garantert av produsent. For standard kraftfôr (korn og kornbiprodukter) varierer næringsinnholdet relativt lite. For grovfôr kan imidlertid næringsinnholdet innen en type fôr variere betydelig. Dette betyr at næringsinnholdet i eksemplene på standard grovfôr er middelverdier av mange analyserte fôr. Den grovfôrkvaliteten du har på din stall kan avvike mye i næringsinnhold i forhold til standardverdiene. Vi anbefaler derfor absolutt at det grovfôret du bruker til hestene dine er analysert. De viktigste analyseverdiene er for energi (fôrenheter) protein og makromineralene kalsium (Ca), fosfor (P) og magnesium (Mg).</strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Hvordan oppgis næringsinnholdet i hestefôr?</strong></p>\r\n<p>Næringsinnholdet i hestefôr oppgis enten per kg tørrstoff (TS) er per kg fôr (slik du fôrer det). Særlig når det gjelder fôrtyper med relativt høg fuktighet (gras, ensilasje, rotvekster) er det viktig at du vet om analyseverdiene du bruker er oppgitt per kg tørrstoff eller per kg fôr.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><em>Eksempel: Min ensilasje:</em></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><em>Tørrstoffinnhold (TS): 0,70 (kan også skrives 70%)</em></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><em>Energi per kg TS: 0,60 FEh.</em></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><em>Dette tilsvarer: 0,60 FEh x 0,7 = 4,2 FEh per kg fôr</em></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Energi og protein innholdet i fôr blir oppgitt i forskjellige enheter i henhold til standarder i ulike land. I Norge blir energiinnholdet i fôr til hester oppgitt som Fôrenheter til hest (FEh). Proteinet blir oppgitt som Fordøyelig råprotein (Ford.råprot.)</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Innholdet av makromineraler oppgis enten i gram eller som prosent. For å omregne fra prosent til gram/kg må vi multiplisere tallet i prosent med 10.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><em>F. eks et innhold på 0,5% kalsium betyr at fôret inneholder 5 gram kalsium per kg.</em></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Innholdet av mikromineraler blir oppgitt i milligram per kg (mg/kg) eller som microgram per kg (µg/kg). Det er verdt å merke seg forskjellen da 1 mg = 1000 µg.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><em>Eksempel: 20 µg selen = 0,02 mg selen</em></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Innholdet av vitaminer blir oppgitt som internasjonale enheter (IE) (for vitaminene A og D) eller som mg. Legg likevel merke til at innholdet av vitamin B<sub>12</sub> ofte blir oppgitt i µg. Dersom dette er tilfellet må verdiene divideres med 1000.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><em>Eksempel: 56 µg B<sub>12</sub> = 0,056 mg B<sub>12.</sub></em></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><strong>Hvordan kan vi legge verdier fra grovfôranalysen inn i fôrlistene i PC-Horse?</strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Når du analyserer grovfôr til hest og oppgir din e-post adresse vil du motta analysesvaret på e-post med to filer som vedlegg. Den ene fila er en pdf-fil som du kan skrive ut. Den andre fila er en xml-fil som er datalesbar. Denne xml-filen kan leses av PC-Horse programmet og dataene om næringsinnhold i fôret kan automatisk og korrekt legges inn i programmet.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/47-images/47-nov1.png\" alt=\"47 nov1\" width=\"700\" height=\"233\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Dersom du har analysert grovfôr, men ikke har analyseverdiene som datalesbar xml-fil kan du likevel legge fôret med analyseverdier manuelt inn i fôrlista til den stallen der fôret brukes.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Åpne den aktuelle fôrlista og velg «Legg inn nytt fôr» og «Jeg har ikke datafil». Gi fôret et navn og bestem korrekt fôrtype. Deretter bør du velge et «malfôr», dvs et standardfôr som er mest mulig likt ditt analyserte fôr. Når du velger et malfôr vil standard verdier for de næringsstoffene du ikke har fått analysert (f.eks vitaminer) bli lagt til så det ikke står null for disse.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/47-images/47-nov2.png\" alt=\"47 nov2\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Deretter kan du legge inn de næringsverdiene du har fått analysert i fôret ditt (rosa farge) og de andre verdiene forblir standardverdier (gul farge). Blå farge markerer hvor pekeren står. Husk alltid å kontrollere om verdiene du legger inn er per kg fôr eller per kg tørrstoff (se figur)</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/47-images/47-nov3.png\" alt=\"47 nov3\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Etter at du har akseptert og lagret dine endringer finner du det nye fôret i fôrlista under «Eget fôr», og det kan nå brukes når du setter opp fôrrasjoner til hestene i denne stallen.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/47-images/47-nov4.png\" alt=\"47 nov4\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Når du har analysert grovfôr og legger analyseverdiene inn i PC-Horse programmet, vil du ha mye bedre kontroll på næringsinnholdet i hestenes rasjoner og du kan enkelt korrigere rasjonene dersom det er for mye eller for lite av enkelte næringsstoffer.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: left;\"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;<em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /><em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /><em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-12-01 08:36:06',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-10-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,324,'','',1,1481,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(3944,4670,'November 2015 - Näringsinnehåll i standardfodren som ligger i PC-Horse','nov2015-sv','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3879:vill-du-kommentera-var-manadsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=sv-SE\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>I PC-Horse foderlistor hittar du näringsinnehållet i våra \"standardfoder\" dvs grovfoder (gräs, hö, hösilage) och kraftfoder (korn, havre mfl). Näringsinnehållet, som uppges i standardfodren (ibland kallade tabellfoder, hämtas just från olika tabeller. Standardfodren ska du använda när du saknar kompletta analysuppgifter i ditt foder. </strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>I de kommersiella kraft- och tillskottsfodren är näringsinnehållet garanterat av tillverkaren och uppdateras löpande. Dessa är uppgifter är pålitliga. Och i standard-kraftfodren (korn och kornbiprodukter) varierar näringsinnehållet relativt lite. <br /></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>För grovfoder kan emellertid näringsinnehållet inom en och samma typ variera högst betydligt. Näringsinnehållet, som anges i ett tabellfoder, är ett medelvärde av många analyserade foderprover. Och kvaliteten och näringsinnehållet på det grovfoder du har i ditt stall kan avvika högst betydligt från standardvärdena. Vi rekommenderar därför med eftertryck att du ska använda analyserat grovfoder till dina hästar. De viktigaste analysvärdena är energi (MJ), protein och makromineralerna kalcium (Ca), fosfor (P) och magnesium (Mg).<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Hur anges näringsinnehållet i hästfoder?<br /></strong>Näringsinnehållet i hästfoder uppges antingen per kg torrsubstans (TS) eller per kg foder (så som du fodrar det). Särskilt när det gäller foder med hög fuktighetshalt (gräs, hösilage, rotväxter) är det viktigt att dukänner till om analysvärdena du använder är angivna per kg torrsubstans eller per kg foder.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><strong><em>&nbsp;Exempel: Mitt hösilage:</em></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><strong><em>Torrsubstans (TS): 0,70 (kan även skrivas 70%)</em></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><strong><em>Energi per kg TS: 8,0 MJ<br /></em></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><strong><em>Detta motsvarar: 8,0 MJ x 0,7 = 5,6 MJ per kg foder</em></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Energi- och proteininnehållet i foder uppges i olika enheter anpassat till den standard som råder i respektive land.&nbsp; I Sverige uppges energiinnehållet i hästfoder i värdet omsättbar energi MegaJoule (MJ). Proteinet uppges som smältbart råprotein.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Innehållet makromineraler uppges antingen i gram eller som procent. För att omräkna från procent till gram/kg måste talet multipliceras med 10.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><em>T.ex ett innehåll på 0,5% kalcium betyder att fodret innehåller 5 gram kalcium per kg.</em></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Innehållet mikromineraler uppges i milligram per kg (mg/kg) eller som mikrogram per kg (µg/kg). Det är värt att märka skillnaden då 1 mg = 1000 µg.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><em>Exempel: 20 µg selen = 0,02 mg selen</em></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Innehållet av vitaminer uppges som internationella enheter (IE) (för vitaminerna A og D) eller som mg. Lägg då märke till att innehållet av vitamin B<sub>12</sub> ofta kan redovisas i µg. Om detta är fallet ska värdena divideras med 1000.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><em style=\"line-height: normal;\">Exempel: 56 µg B<sub>12</sub> = 0,056 mg B<sub>12.</sub></em></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><strong>Hur lägger man in värdena från grovfoderanalysen i foderlistorna i PC-Horse?<br /></strong>När du analyserar grovfoder för häst hos <em><strong>Eurofins</strong></em>, och uppger din epostadress, kommer du att få ditt analyssvar per mail med två filer bilagda.Den ena är en pdf-fil som du kan läsa och skriva ut på papper. Den andra är en xml-fil som är läsbar för PC-Horse och som göra att analysens data automatiskt kan hanteras i programmet utan risk för feltolkning av analysvärdena.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/46-images/46-nov1.png\" alt=\"46 nov1\" width=\"700\" height=\"187\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Om du har ett analyserat grovfoder, men saknar den läsbara datafilen, så kan du lägga in fodrets värden manuellt till den stallfoderlista där fodret ska användas. Gör så här:</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Öppna den aktuella foderlistan och välj \"Gör nytt foder\" och därefter \"Fil med dataanalyser ej tillgänglig\".ge fodret ett namn och välj rätt fodertyp. Därefter kan du välja ett \"mallfoder\" dvs något av programmets standardfoder som mest liknar det foder du analyserat. När du väljer ett mallfoder kommer alla de näringsvärden som saknas i din analys (t.ex vitaminer) att läggas till så att fodret inte visar noll på dessa näringsämnen. Observera dock att antalet näringsämnen som visas i programmet är färre i de billigare versionerna av PC-Horse.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/46-images/46-nov2.png\" alt=\"46 nov2\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Därefter kan du lägga in näringsvärdena från analysen. Dina egna uppgifter blir röda och de andra värdena läggs in som standardvärden (gula). Blått är en markering för var pekaren står. Se alltid till att dubbelkolla om värdena du lägger in är per kg foder eller per kg torrsubstans (TS). Se figuren nedan.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Om värdena är gröna visar det att detta är ett analyserat värde som garanteras antingen av foderfirman eller av analyslaboratoriet (Eurofins).</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/46-images/46-nov3.png\" alt=\"46 nov3\" width=\"700\" height=\"498\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">När du har accepterat och lagrat dina ändringar hittar du det nya fodret i stallfoderlistan under rubriken EGET FODER och kan nu användas när du gör foderplaner för hästarna i detta stall.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/46-images/46-nov4.png\" alt=\"46 nov4\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">När du använder analyserade foder och dessa är inlagda i PC-Horse kommer du att ha mycket bättre kontroll på näringsinnehållet i hästarnas utfodring.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3879:feedback-pa-var-manadsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=sv-SE\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-12-01 08:36:06',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-10-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',11,307,'','',1,1633,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(3945,4671,'November 2015 - Næringsindhold i standard grovfoder','nov2015-da','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:poll-dk&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK&amp;Itemid=2670\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>I PC-Horse programmets foderlister finder du næringsindholdet i standard grovfoder (græs, hø, wrap) og korn(byg, havre mm). Næringsindholdet som bliver opgivet i standardfoderemner er hentet fra flere forskellige tabeller. Disse standard foderemner er eksempler som skal bruges når du ikke har egne analyser af dit foder. Kommercielle kraftfoderblandinger og vitamin/mineral tilskud har et næringsindhold som er opgivet og garanteret af producenten. For standard kraftfoder(korn og kornbiprodukter) varierer næringsindholdet relativt lidt. For grovfoder kan næringsindholdet derimod variere betydeligt. Det betyder at næringsindholdet i eksemplerne på standard grovfoder er middelværdier af mange foderanalyser. Den grovfoderkvalitet du har i din stald kan afvige meget i næringsindhold i forhold til standardværdierne. Vi anbefaler derfor at det grovfoder du anvender til dine heste er analyseret. De vigtigste analyseværdier er for energi (foderenheder) protein og makromineralerne calcium (Ca), fosfor (P) og magnesium (Mg).</strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Hvordan opgives næringsindholdet i hestefoder?</strong></p>\r\n<p>Næringsindholdet i hestefoder opgives enten pr kg tørstof (TS) eller pr kg foder . Særligt når det gælder fodertyper med relativt højt fugtighed (græs, wrap, rodfrugter) er det vigtigt, at du ved om analyseværdierne som du anvender, er opgivet pr kg tørstof eller pr kg foder.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><em>Eksempel: Min wrap:</em></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><em>Tørstofindhold (TS): 0,70 (kan også skrives 70%)</em></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><em>Energi pr kg TS: 0,60 FEh.</em></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><em>Dette svarer til: 0,60 FEh x 0,7 = 4,2 FEh pr kg foder</em></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Energi og protein indholdet i foderet bliver opgivet i forskellige enheder i henhold til standarder i forskellige lande. I Danmark bliver energiindholdet i foder til heste opgivet som Fodeenheder til hest (FEh). Proteinet bliver opgivet som Fordøjelig råprotein (Ford.råprot.)</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Indholdet af makromineraler opgives enten i gram eller som procent. For at omregne fra procent til gram/kg må vi gange tallet i procent med 10.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><em>F. eks et indhold på 0,5% calcium betyder at foderet indeholder 5 gram calcium pr kg.</em></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Indholdet af mikromineraler bliver opgivet i milligram pr kg (mg/kg) eller som mikrogram pr kg (µg/kg). Det er værd at lægge mærke til forskellen da 1 mg = 1000 µg.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><em>Eksempel: 20 µg selen = 0,02 mg selen</em></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Indholdet af vitaminer bliver opgivet som internationale enheder (IE) (for vitaminerne A og D) eller som mg. Læg mærke til at indholdet af vitamin B<sub>12</sub> ofte bliver opgivet i µg. Hvis dette er tilfældet må værdierne divideres med 1000.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><em>Eksempel: 56 µg B<sub>12</sub> = 0,056 mg B<sub>12.</sub></em></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><strong>Hvordan kan vi lægge værdier fra grovfoderanalysen ind i foderlistene i PC-Horse?</strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Når du får analyseret grovfoder til heste og opgiver din e-post adresse vil du modtage analysesvaret på e-post . Hos analysetfirmaet Eurofins kan du yderligere anmode om en xml-fil som kan indlæses i PC Horse . Denne xml-fil kan læses af PC-Horse programmet og data om næringsindhold i foderet kan automatisk og korrekt lægges ind i programmet.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<img src=\"images-joomla/stories/45-images/45-nov1.png\" alt=\"45 nov1\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Hvis du har analyseret grovfoder, men ikke har analyseværdierne som datalæsbar xml-fil kan du alligevel lægge foderet manuelt ind med analyseværdierne &nbsp;i foderlisten til den stald hvor foderet bruges.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Åbn den aktuelle foderliste og vælg «Læg ind nyt foder» og «Jeg har ikke datafil». Giv foderet et navn og bestem korrekt fodertype. Derefter bør du vælge et «udgangsfoder», dvs et standardfoder som ligner dit analyserede foder mest muligt. Når du vælger et udgangsfoder vil standardværdier for de næringsstoffer, du ikke har fået analyseret (f.eks vitaminer) blive lagt til så der ikke står nul for disse.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/45-images/45-nov2.png\" alt=\"45 nov2\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Derefter kan du lægge de næringsværdier ind, som du har fået analyseret i dit foder (rosa farve) og de andre værdier forbliver standardværdier (gul farve). Husk altid at kontrollere om værdierne som du lægger ind er pr kg foder eller pr kg tørstof (se figur)</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/45-images/45-nov3.png\" alt=\"45 nov3\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Efter at du har godkendt og gemt dine ændringer finder du det nye foder i foderlisten under «Eget foder», og det kan nu bruges når du sammensætter foderrationer til hesten i stalden.</p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\"><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/45-images/45-nov4.png\" alt=\"45 nov4\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;\">Når du har analyseret grovfoder og lagt analyseværdierne ind i PC-Horse programmet, vil du have meget bedre kontrol over næringsindholdet i hestenes rationer og du kan let rette rationerne til hvis der er for meget eller for lidt af de enkelte næringsstoffer.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:poll-dk&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK&amp;Itemid=2670\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-12-01 08:36:06',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-10-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,277,'','',1,1892,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(3946,4672,'November 2015 - Nutrient values for the standard feeds in the PC-Horse feed lists','nov2015-eng','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>In the feed lists of the PC-Horse program, you find the nutrient content of standard grains and roughages (Generic feeds). The nutrient content of the standard feeds are taken from different tables (Sweden, Norway, Denmark, France, Germany, UK, USA). These generic feeds are to be regarded as examples that should be used when you do not have original analyzed values for you feeds. Commercial compound feeds and vitamin/mineral supplements have their nutrient content according to the information given and guaranteed by the manufacturer.&nbsp; For standard grains, the nutrient content is relatively stable. For roughages, however, nutrient values within one type of feed varies to a large extent. This means that the examples of roughage analyses presented in the PC-Horse feed lists are table values that represent mean nutrient content of a number of feed analyses. The roughage quality you have in your stable may vary considerably from the table values. It is therefore highly recommended that you have your roughages analyzed at least for energy (MJ), protein (CP) and the macrominerals calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg). </strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>How is the nutrient content of horse feeds declared?</strong></p>\r\n<p>In general, the nutrient content of feeds are presented either per kg dry matter (DM) or per kg feed (as fed). Especially when it comes to feeds with a high content of water (fresh grass, haylages, roots), it is important to know if the nutrients are declared as per kg DM or per kg as fed.</p>\r\n<p>Example: <em>My haylage:</em></p>\r\n<p><em>Dry matter: 0.70 (can also be written 70%)</em></p>\r\n<p><em>Energy per kg DM: 10.0 MJ DE. </em></p>\r\n<p><em>This corresponds to: 10.0 MJ x 0.7 = 7.0 MJ per kg feed (as fed).</em></p>\r\n<p>The energy and protein content of feeds can be presented in different units according to the standards in each country. In the UK, the energy content is given as megajoule (MJ) digestible energy (DE). The protein content is given as crude protein (CP).</p>\r\n<p>The content of macrominerals are declared in grams or as percent. To calculate from percent to grams/kg one has to multiply the figure in percent by 10.</p>\r\n<p><em>Example: Your hay is analyzed to contain 0.3 % calcium per kg DM. This corresponds to 3 grams of calcium per kg DM.</em></p>\r\n<p>The content of microminerals are declared as milligrams per kg (mg/kg) or as micrograms per kg (µg/kg). The conversion is: 1 mg = 1000 µg. Selenium (Se) is often declared as µg/kg. This then has to be recalculated into mg/kg to be correctly entered into the PC-Horse feed list where the unit for selenium is mg/kg.</p>\r\n<p><em>Example: 20 µg selenium = 0,020 mg selenium.</em></p>\r\n<p>The content of vitamins are listed as international units (IU) (Vitamins A and D) or as mg. However, notice that the content of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> often is given in µg. If so, the value has to be divided by 1000. <em>Example: 56 µg B<sub>12</sub> = 0,056 mg B<sub>12</sub>.</em></p>\r\n<p><strong>How to enter values from roughage analyses into the feedlist of PC-Horse</strong></p>\r\n<p>If you have a roughage that has been analyzed, you can easily enter it into the feedlist of the stable where the feed is being used.</p>\r\n<p>Open the actual feed list and choose “Create a new feed”. Give it a name and the correct feed type. Then it is recommended to select a template feed (the feed most corresponding to the one you have). By doing so, PC-Horse will enter standard values for the nutrients not included in the analysis report.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-nov1.png\" alt=\"44 nov1\" width=\"650\" /></p>\r\n<p>Thereafter, you can enter values for the analyzed nutrients (pink colour) and the other values remain standard values (yellow colour). Blue colour is where the cursor is.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-nov2.png\" alt=\"44 nov2\" /></p>\r\n<p>After accepting and saving changes the new feed is found in the feedlist under “My feed” and it can be included in rations for the horses in the actual stable.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-nov3.png\" alt=\"44 nov3\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri;\"><span>By entering your roughage analyses into the PC-Horse feed lists, you will have a much better control of what is the nutrient content of you rations, and any nutrient deficiency or surplus can easily be corrected.</span> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-03-16 14:54:10',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-10-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,255,'','',1,1489,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(3947,4673,'Novembre 2015 - Valeurs nutritives pour les aliments standards dans les listes d’aliments de PC-Horse','nov2015-fra','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Commenter cet </span><span class=\"hps\">article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Dans les listes</span></strong></span><strong><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\"> <span class=\"hps\">d\'alimentation</span> <span class=\"hps\">du programme</span> <span class=\"hps\">PC</span><span class=\"atn\">-</span>Horse, <span class=\"hps\">vous trouvez la</span> <span class=\"hps\">teneur en éléments nutritifs</span> <span class=\"hps\">des céréales et des</span> <span class=\"hps\">fourrages</span> <span class=\"hps\">standards (</span><span class=\"alt-edited\">aliments</span> <span class=\"hps\">génériques</span>)<span class=\"hps\">.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Les</span> <span class=\"hps\">teneurs en éléments nutritifs</span> <span class=\"hps\">des</span> <span class=\"hps\">aliments</span> <span class=\"hps\">standards</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont prises</span> <span class=\"hps\">à partir de différentes</span> <span class=\"hps\">tables</span> <span class=\"hps\">(</span>Suède, Norvège, <span class=\"hps\">Danemark, France,</span> <span class=\"hps\">Allemagne</span>, <span class=\"hps\">Royaume-Uni,</span> <span class=\"hps\">États-Unis</span>). <span class=\"hps\">Ces aliments</span> <span class=\"hps\">génériques</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont à considérer</span> <span class=\"hps\">comme des exemples</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui devraient être</span> <span class=\"hps\">utilisés</span> <span class=\"hps\">lorsque vous</span> <span class=\"hps\">ne disposez pas de</span> <span class=\"hps\">valeurs d\'analyses</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'origine</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour vos</span> <span class=\"hps\">aliments.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Les aliments concentrés commerciaux</span> <span class=\"hps\">et suppléments</span> <span class=\"hps\">de vitamines / minéraux</span> <span class=\"hps\">affichent leur</span> <span class=\"hps\">teneur en nutriments</span> <span class=\"hps\">selon</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'information donnée et</span> <span class=\"hps\">garantie par le fabricant</span>. Pour les céréales standards la teneur en nutriments est relativement stable. Pour les fourrages, cependant, les valeurs nutritives au sein d\'un type d\'aliments varient dans une large mesure. Cela signifie que les exemples d\'analyses de fourrages présentées dans les listes d\'alimentation de PC-Horse sont des valeurs de tables qui représentent la teneur en nutriments moyenne d\'un certain nombre d\'analyses d\'aliments. La qualité du fourrage que vous distribuez dans votre écurie peut varier considérablement par rapport aux valeurs de la table. Il est donc fortement recommandé que vous fassiez analyser vos fourrages au moins pour connaître l\'énergie (UFC), la teneur en protéines (MADC) et les macro-minéraux calcium (Ca), phosphore (P) et le magnésium (Mg).</span></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span class=\"hps\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Comment</span></strong></span><strong><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\"> <span class=\"hps\">est</span> <span class=\"hps\">la teneur en nutriments</span> <span class=\"hps\">des</span> <span class=\"hps\">aliments pour chevaux</span> <span class=\"hps\">est déclarée </span>?<br /></span></strong><span class=\"hps\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">En général</span></span><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">, <span class=\"hps\">la teneur en nutriments</span> <span class=\"hps\">des aliments</span> <span class=\"hps\">est présentée</span> <span class=\"hps\">soit</span> <span class=\"hps\">par kg de matière</span> <span class=\"hps\">sèche (MS</span>) <span class=\"hps\">ou</span> <span class=\"hps\">par kg d\'aliment</span> <span class=\"hps\">(comme</span> <span class=\"hps\">distribué</span>). <span class=\"hps\">Surtout quand il</span> <span class=\"hps\">s\'agit d\'aliments avec</span> <span class=\"hps\">une teneur élevée en</span> <span class=\"hps\">eau (</span>herbe fraîche, de <span class=\"hps\">ensilages/enrubannés</span>, racines), <span class=\"hps\">il est important de</span> <span class=\"hps\">savoir si</span> <span class=\"hps\">les</span> <span class=\"hps\">nutriments</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont renseignés en</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg de MS</span> <span class=\"hps\">ou</span> <span class=\"hps\">en kg distribué</span>.<br /><br /><strong> <em><span class=\"hps\">Exemple :</span> <span class=\"hps\">Mon</span> <span class=\"hps\">enrubanné </span>:</em></strong><br /><em> <span class=\"hps\">Matière sèche</span>: <span class=\"hps\">0,70</span> <span class=\"hps\">(peut également être</span> <span class=\"hps\">écrit&nbsp;:</span> <span class=\"hps\">70 </span>%)</em><br /><em> <span class=\"hps\">Énergie par</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg de matière sèche</span>: <span class=\"hps\">10,0</span> <span class=\"hps\">MJ</span> <span class=\"hps\">DE</span>.</em><br /><em> <span class=\"hps\">Cela correspond à</span>: <span class=\"hps\">10,0</span> <span class=\"hps\">x</span> <span class=\"hps\">0,7</span> <span class=\"hps\">=</span> <span class=\"hps\">7,0</span> <span class=\"hps\">MJ</span> <span class=\"hps\">par kg d\'aliment</span> <span class=\"hps\">(comme</span> <span class=\"hps\">distribué</span>).</em></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Au même titre que l\'UFC, les joules sont une unité de mesure de l\'énergie. En France, on utilise plus couramment l\'UFC, mais le calcul et le principe restent exactement les mêmes.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">L\'énergie</span></span><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\"> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">la teneur en protéines</span> <span class=\"hps\">des aliments</span> <span class=\"hps\">peuvent être</span> <span class=\"hps\">présentées sous différentes</span> <span class=\"hps\">unités selon les</span> <span class=\"hps\">normes</span> <span class=\"hps\">de chaque pays</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Au Royaume-Uni</span>, <span class=\"hps\">la teneur en</span> <span class=\"hps\">énergie est donnée</span> <span class=\"hps\">en</span> <span class=\"hps\">mégajoules</span> <span class=\"hps\">(</span><span class=\"alt-edited\">MJ</span>) <span class=\"hps\">en énergie digestible</span> <span class=\"hps\">(DE</span>). <span class=\"hps\">La teneur en protéines</span> <span class=\"hps\">est donnée</span> <span class=\"hps\">en protéine brute</span> <span class=\"hps\">(CP)</span>. En France, l’énergie sera donnée en Unité Fourragère Cheval (UFC) et la teneur en protéines en Matières Azotées Digestibles pour le Cheval (MADC).</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">La teneur en</span></span><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\"> <span class=\"hps\">macro-minéraux</span> <span class=\"hps\">est donnée</span> <span class=\"hps\">en grammes</span> <span class=\"hps\">ou en</span> <span class=\"hps\">pourcentage.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Pour calculer</span> <span class=\"hps\">à partir de pourcentages pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">obtenir des</span> <span class=\"hps\">grammes</span> <span class=\"hps\">/</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg</span> <span class=\"hps\">on doit</span> <span class=\"hps\">multiplier le</span> <span class=\"hps\">chiffre</span> <span class=\"hps\">en</span> <span class=\"hps\">%</span><span class=\"alt-edited\"> par 10.</span><br /> </span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\"><span class=\"hps\"><em>Exemple :</em></span><em> <span class=\"hps\">L’analyse de votre</span> <span class=\"hps\">foin indique qu’il contient</span> <span class=\"hps\">0,3</span>% de calcium <span class=\"hps\">en</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg de MS</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Cela correspond à</span> <span class=\"hps\">3 grammes de</span> <span class=\"hps\">calcium par</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg de MS</span>.</em></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">La teneur en</span></span><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\"> <span class=\"hps\">micro-minéraux</span> <span class=\"hps\">est donnée</span> <span class=\"hps\">en milligrammes</span> <span class=\"hps\">(mg /</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg</span>) <span class=\"hps\">ou</span> <span class=\"hps\">en microgrammes</span> <span class=\"hps\">(</span><span class=\"alt-edited\">µg /</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg</span>). <span class=\"hps\">La conversion</span> <span class=\"hps\">est </span>: <span class=\"hps\">1</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg</span> <span class=\"hps\">=</span> <span class=\"hps\">1000 </span><span class=\"alt-edited\">µ</span><span class=\"hps\">g</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Le sélénium</span> <span class=\"hps\">(Se)</span> <span class=\"hps\">est souvent</span> <span class=\"hps\">donné en</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">µ</span><span class=\"hps\">g /</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Il</span> <span class=\"hps\">doit ensuite être</span> <span class=\"hps\">recalculée</span> <span class=\"hps\">en</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg / kg</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour être correctement</span> <span class=\"hps\">entré dans la liste</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'aliments</span> <span class=\"hps\">de PC</span>-Horse, où <span class=\"hps\">l\'unité</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour le sélénium</span> <span class=\"hps\">est</span> <span class=\"hps\">le mg/kg</span>.<br /> </span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><em><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\"><span class=\"hps\">Exemple:</span> <span class=\"hps\">20</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">µ</span><span class=\"hps\">g</span> <span class=\"hps\">de sélénium</span> <span class=\"hps\">=</span> <span class=\"hps\">0,020</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg</span> <span class=\"hps\">de sélénium</span>.</span></em></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">La teneur en</span></span><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\"> <span class=\"hps\">vitamines</span> <span class=\"hps\">est indiquée</span> <span class=\"hps\">en unités internationales</span> <span class=\"hps\">(UI)</span> <span class=\"hps\">(</span>vitamines A et D) ou <span class=\"hps\">en mg</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Toutefois</span>, notez que <span class=\"hps\">la teneur</span> <span class=\"hps\">en vitamine B12</span> <span class=\"hps\">est souvent</span> <span class=\"hps\">donnée</span> <span class=\"hps\">en ug</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Dans l\'affirmative,</span> <span class=\"hps\">la</span> <span class=\"hps\">valeur</span> <span class=\"hps\">doit être divisé</span> <span class=\"hps\">par 1000.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Exemple:</span> <span class=\"hps\">56</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">µ</span><span class=\"hps\">g</span> <span class=\"hps\">B12</span> <span class=\"hps\">=</span> <span class=\"hps\">0,056</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg</span> <span class=\"hps\">B12.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span class=\"hps\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Comment</span></strong></span><strong><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\"> <span class=\"hps\">entrer des valeurs</span> <span class=\"hps\">obtenues des </span><span class=\"alt-edited\">analyses</span> <span class=\"hps\">de fourrage</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans la</span> <span class=\"hps\">liste d\'aliments</span> <span class=\"hps\">de PC-</span><span class=\"alt-edited\">Horse<br /></span></span></strong><span class=\"hps\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Si vous avez fait analyser un</span></span><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\"> <span class=\"hps\">fourrage</span>, <span class=\"hps\">vous pouvez</span> <span class=\"hps\">facilement entrer les données</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans la</span> <span class=\"hps\">liste d\'aliments</span> <span class=\"hps\">de</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'écurie où</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'aliment</span> <span class=\"hps\">est utilisé</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Ouvrez la liste</span></span><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\"> <span class=\"hps\">d\'aliments</span> <span class=\"hps\">actuelle</span> <span class=\"hps\">et choisissez \"</span>Créer <span class=\"hps\">un nouvel aliment</span>\". <span class=\"hps\">Donnez-lui un</span> <span class=\"hps\">nom et choisissez le type</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'aliments</span> <span class=\"hps\">adapté</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Ensuite, il</span> <span class=\"hps\">est recommandé de choisir</span> <span class=\"hps\">un aliment</span> <span class=\"hps\">type (l\'aliment</span> <span class=\"hps\">correspondant le plus à</span> <span class=\"hps\">celui que vous avez</span>). <span class=\"hps\">En agissant ainsi</span>, <span class=\"hps\">PC</span><span class=\"atn\">-</span><span class=\"alt-edited\">Horse</span> <span class=\"hps\">entrera</span> les <span class=\"hps\">valeurs standard pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">les</span> <span class=\"hps\">nutriments</span> <span class=\"hps\">non inclus dans le</span> <span class=\"hps\">rapport d\'analyse</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/33-images/33-nov1.png\" alt=\"33 nov1\" width=\"650\" height=\"689\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Ensuite</span></span><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">, <span class=\"hps\">vous pouvez</span> <span class=\"hps\">saisir les valeurs pour</span> les <span class=\"hps\">nutriments analysés</span> <span class=\"hps\">(</span>couleur <span class=\"hps\">rose</span>) <span class=\"hps\">et</span> les <span class=\"hps\">autres valeurs</span> <span class=\"hps\">restent</span> <span class=\"hps\">des valeurs standards</span> <span class=\"hps\">(</span>couleur <span class=\"hps\">jaune</span>). <span class=\"hps\">La couleur bleue</span> <span class=\"hps\">indique l\'endroit où</span> se situe <span class=\"hps\">le curseur</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/33-images/33-nov2.png\" alt=\"33 nov2\" width=\"650\" height=\"497\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">Après avoir accepté</span></span><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\"> <span class=\"hps\">et</span> <span class=\"hps\">enregistré les modifications</span> <span class=\"hps\">le nouvel</span> <span class=\"hps\">aliment</span> <span class=\"hps\">se retrouve dans la</span> <span class=\"hps\">liste d\'aliments</span> <span class=\"hps\">sous «&nbsp;Mon</span> <span class=\"hps\">aliment</span>&nbsp;» <span class=\"hps\">et il peut être</span> <span class=\"hps\">inclus</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans les rations</span> <span class=\"hps\">des</span> <span class=\"hps\">chevaux de</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'écurie</span> <span class=\"hps\">actuelle</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/33-images/33-nov3.png\" alt=\"33 nov3\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span class=\"hps\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\">En entrant les données de vos analyses de</span></span><span style=\"font-family: \'Century Gothic\';\"> <span class=\"hps\">fourrage</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans</span> les <span class=\"hps\">listes</span> <span class=\"hps\">d\'alimentation</span> de <span class=\"hps\">PC</span><span class=\"atn\">-</span><span class=\"alt-edited\">Horse,</span> <span class=\"hps\">vous aurez un</span> <span class=\"hps\">bien meilleur contrôle</span> <span class=\"hps\">de la teneur en nutriments</span> <span class=\"hps\">de vos</span> <span class=\"hps\">rations</span>, <span class=\"hps\">et toutes</span> <span class=\"hps\">carences ou excès en éléments nutritifs</span> <span class=\"hps\">pourront</span> <span class=\"hps\">être facilement corrigés</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">&nbsp;Commenter l\'</span><span class=\"hps\">article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-12-01 08:36:06',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-10-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,235,'','',1,1708,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3948,4674,'November 2015 - Nutrient values for the standard feeds in the PC-Horse feed lists (2)','nov2015-nl','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>In the feed lists of the PC-Horse program, you find the nutrient content of standard grains and roughages (Generic feeds). The nutrient content of the standard feeds are taken from different tables (Sweden, Norway, Denmark, France, Germany, UK, USA). These generic feeds are to be regarded as examples that should be used when you do not have original analyzed values for you feeds. Commercial compound feeds and vitamin/mineral supplements have their nutrient content according to the information given and guaranteed by the manufacturer.&nbsp; For standard grains, the nutrient content is relatively stable. For roughages, however, nutrient values within one type of feed varies to a large extent. This means that the examples of roughage analyses presented in the PC-Horse feed lists are table values that represent mean nutrient content of a number of feed analyses. The roughage quality you have in your stable may vary considerably from the table values. It is therefore highly recommended that you have your roughages analyzed at least for energy (MJ), protein (CP) and the macrominerals calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg). </strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>How is the nutrient content of horse feeds declared?</strong></p>\r\n<p>In general, the nutrient content of feeds are presented either per kg dry matter (DM) or per kg feed (as fed). Especially when it comes to feeds with a high content of water (fresh grass, haylages, roots), it is important to know if the nutrients are declared as per kg DM or per kg as fed.</p>\r\n<p>Example: <em>My haylage:</em></p>\r\n<p><em>Dry matter: 0.70 (can also be written 70%)</em></p>\r\n<p><em>Energy per kg DM: 10.0 MJ DE. </em></p>\r\n<p><em>This corresponds to: 10.0 MJ x 0.7 = 7.0 MJ per kg feed (as fed).</em></p>\r\n<p>The energy and protein content of feeds can be presented in different units according to the standards in each country. In the UK, the energy content is given as megajoule (MJ) digestible energy (DE). The protein content is given as crude protein (CP).</p>\r\n<p>The content of macrominerals are declared in grams or as percent. To calculate from percent to grams/kg one has to multiply the figure in percent by 10.</p>\r\n<p><em>Example: Your hay is analyzed to contain 0.3 % calcium per kg DM. This corresponds to 3 grams of calcium per kg DM.</em></p>\r\n<p>The content of microminerals are declared as milligrams per kg (mg/kg) or as micrograms per kg (µg/kg). The conversion is: 1 mg = 1000 µg. Selenium (Se) is often declared as µg/kg. This then has to be recalculated into mg/kg to be correctly entered into the PC-Horse feed list where the unit for selenium is mg/kg.</p>\r\n<p><em>Example: 20 µg selenium = 0,020 mg selenium.</em></p>\r\n<p>The content of vitamins are listed as international units (IU) (Vitamins A and D) or as mg. However, notice that the content of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> often is given in µg. If so, the value has to be divided by 1000. <em>Example: 56 µg B<sub>12</sub> = 0,056 mg B<sub>12</sub>.</em></p>\r\n<p><strong>How to enter values from roughage analyses into the feedlist of PC-Horse</strong></p>\r\n<p>If you have a roughage that has been analyzed, you can easily enter it into the feedlist of the stable where the feed is being used.</p>\r\n<p>Open the actual feed list and choose “Create a new feed”. Give it a name and the correct feed type. Then it is recommended to select a template feed (the feed most corresponding to the one you have). By doing so, PC-Horse will enter standard values for the nutrients not included in the analysis report.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-nov1.png\" alt=\"44 nov1\" width=\"650\" /></p>\r\n<p>Thereafter, you can enter values for the analyzed nutrients (pink colour) and the other values remain standard values (yellow colour). Blue colour is where the cursor is.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-nov2.png\" alt=\"44 nov2\" /></p>\r\n<p>After accepting and saving changes the new feed is found in the feedlist under “My feed” and it can be included in rations for the horses in the actual stable.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-nov3.png\" alt=\"44 nov3\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri;\"><span>By entering your roughage analyses into the PC-Horse feed lists, you will have a much better control of what is the nutrient content of you rations, and any nutrient deficiency or surplus can easily be corrected.</span> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-12-01 08:36:06',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-10-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,205,'','',1,1254,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(3949,4675,'November 2015 - Nutrient values for the standard feeds in the PC-Horse feed lists (3)','nov2015-de','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>In the feed lists of the PC-Horse program, you find the nutrient content of standard grains and roughages (Generic feeds). The nutrient content of the standard feeds are taken from different tables (Sweden, Norway, Denmark, France, Germany, UK, USA). These generic feeds are to be regarded as examples that should be used when you do not have original analyzed values for you feeds. Commercial compound feeds and vitamin/mineral supplements have their nutrient content according to the information given and guaranteed by the manufacturer.&nbsp; For standard grains, the nutrient content is relatively stable. For roughages, however, nutrient values within one type of feed varies to a large extent. This means that the examples of roughage analyses presented in the PC-Horse feed lists are table values that represent mean nutrient content of a number of feed analyses. The roughage quality you have in your stable may vary considerably from the table values. It is therefore highly recommended that you have your roughages analyzed at least for energy (MJ), protein (CP) and the macrominerals calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg). </strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>How is the nutrient content of horse feeds declared?</strong></p>\r\n<p>In general, the nutrient content of feeds are presented either per kg dry matter (DM) or per kg feed (as fed). Especially when it comes to feeds with a high content of water (fresh grass, haylages, roots), it is important to know if the nutrients are declared as per kg DM or per kg as fed.</p>\r\n<p>Example: <em>My haylage:</em></p>\r\n<p><em>Dry matter: 0.70 (can also be written 70%)</em></p>\r\n<p><em>Energy per kg DM: 10.0 MJ DE. </em></p>\r\n<p><em>This corresponds to: 10.0 MJ x 0.7 = 7.0 MJ per kg feed (as fed).</em></p>\r\n<p>The energy and protein content of feeds can be presented in different units according to the standards in each country. In the UK, the energy content is given as megajoule (MJ) digestible energy (DE). The protein content is given as crude protein (CP).</p>\r\n<p>The content of macrominerals are declared in grams or as percent. To calculate from percent to grams/kg one has to multiply the figure in percent by 10.</p>\r\n<p><em>Example: Your hay is analyzed to contain 0.3 % calcium per kg DM. This corresponds to 3 grams of calcium per kg DM.</em></p>\r\n<p>The content of microminerals are declared as milligrams per kg (mg/kg) or as micrograms per kg (µg/kg). The conversion is: 1 mg = 1000 µg. Selenium (Se) is often declared as µg/kg. This then has to be recalculated into mg/kg to be correctly entered into the PC-Horse feed list where the unit for selenium is mg/kg.</p>\r\n<p><em>Example: 20 µg selenium = 0,020 mg selenium.</em></p>\r\n<p>The content of vitamins are listed as international units (IU) (Vitamins A and D) or as mg. However, notice that the content of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> often is given in µg. If so, the value has to be divided by 1000. <em>Example: 56 µg B<sub>12</sub> = 0,056 mg B<sub>12</sub>.</em></p>\r\n<p><strong>How to enter values from roughage analyses into the feedlist of PC-Horse</strong></p>\r\n<p>If you have a roughage that has been analyzed, you can easily enter it into the feedlist of the stable where the feed is being used.</p>\r\n<p>Open the actual feed list and choose “Create a new feed”. Give it a name and the correct feed type. Then it is recommended to select a template feed (the feed most corresponding to the one you have). By doing so, PC-Horse will enter standard values for the nutrients not included in the analysis report.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-nov1.png\" alt=\"44 nov1\" width=\"650\" /></p>\r\n<p>Thereafter, you can enter values for the analyzed nutrients (pink colour) and the other values remain standard values (yellow colour). Blue colour is where the cursor is.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-nov2.png\" alt=\"44 nov2\" /></p>\r\n<p>After accepting and saving changes the new feed is found in the feedlist under “My feed” and it can be included in rations for the horses in the actual stable.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/44-images/44-nov3.png\" alt=\"44 nov3\" /></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri;\"><span>By entering your roughage analyses into the PC-Horse feed lists, you will have a much better control of what is the nutrient content of you rations, and any nutrient deficiency or surplus can easily be corrected.</span> </span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2015-12-01 08:36:06',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-10-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,190,'','',1,1407,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3950,4676,'10% rabatt på Eurofins analyser','10-rabatt-pa-eurofins-analyser','<p>Genom vårt samarbete med Eurofins kan vi erbjuda Dig möjligheten att utnyttja en kampanjkod som ger 10% rabatt vid beställning av analyser via deras webshop.</p>\r\n<p>Kopiera och klistra in nedanstående kod i Eurofins kampanjruta (på beställningssidan i deras webbshop) :</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black,avant garde; color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">PCHorseKld29n</span></span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/46-images/46-eurofinskampanjkod.png\" alt=\"46 eurofinskampanjkod\" /></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial black,avant garde; font-size: 10pt; color: #ff0000;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"http://grovfoder.eurofins.se/\" style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Vill Du beställa analys nu? Gå direkt till Eurofins Webshop</a></span></p>','',1,73,'2015-11-11 09:44:37',10,'','2016-02-28 11:17:59',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-11-11 09:44:37','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,0,'','',1,3410,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(3951,4677,'December 2015 - Kobalamin (Vitamin B12)','dec2015-nb','<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"20\" cellpadding=\"20\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/kobalamin-molekyl.png\" alt=\"kobalamin molekyl\" width=\"150\" height=\"161\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /></td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><strong>B-vitaminene er en gruppe på 8 vannløselige vitaminer som har en viktig rolle i cellenes metabolisme. De kan ikke produseres i dyreorganismen, men dannes av bakterier, sopp og planter. </strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Hos hesten er mikrobene i tarmene i stand til å syntetisere de fleste B-vitaminer. Hestens behov for B-vitaminer er bare etablert for tiamin (B1) og riboflavin (B2). Selv om det ikke er vist at hesten har behov for å få tilført vitamin B12 med fôret, har vi likevel tatt med en anbefaling om daglig inntak i PC-Horse som en sikkerhet dersom tarmsyntesen ikke skulle være tilstrekkelig.</strong></p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Funksjon</strong><br />Vitamin B12 har mange funksjoner i kroppen. Det deltar i et stort antall enzymreaksjoner, særlig i forbindelse med syntese av protein, metabolisme av karbohydrater og fett og syntese av purin- og pyrimidinbaser som er viktige komponenter i DNA og RNA. Puriner fungerer også som nevrotransmittere, dvs at de er med og overfører nerveimpulser mellom nerveceller.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Kilder</strong><br />Vitamin B12 omfatter flere kjemiske former. Disse har alle den samme vitamin aktiviteten. Den syntetiske formen av vitamin B12 som tilsettes i fôr og vitamintilskudd er oftest cyanocobalamin. Det finnes lite vitamin B12 i korn og kornprodukter og også lite i ølgjær som ellers er en god kilde til andre b-vitaminer. I grovfôr er innholdet imidlertid relativt høyt i forhold til dyrets behov. Gjennomsnittlig innhold i grashøy er gjerne ca 10 µg per kg tørrstoff (eller 0,01 mg/kg TS). Det meste av vitamin B12 i grovfôr kommer av forurensing fra andre kilder, da planter ikke kan syntetisere vitaminet.</p>\r\n<p>Vitamin B12 kan som nevnt ikke syntetiseres av planter. Det blir imidlertid produsert av mikrobene i hestens tarmsystem. Til denne syntesen trenger mikrobene mineralet kobolt. Det er derfor nødvendig å sørge for at hesten får tilført nok kobolt i rasjonen. For alle typer hester er behovet for kobolt satt til 0,05 mg per kg tørrstoff i rasjonen (NRC, 2007).</p>\r\n<p>Kraftfôrblandinger til hest er ofte tilsatt vitamin B12 i mengder på 0,10-0,15 mg (100-150 µg) per kg tørrstoff. Alle kraftfôrblandinger er imidlertid ikke tilsatt vitamin B12.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Behov</strong><br />Det er ikke fastlagt et behov for vitamin B12 for hester. PC-Horse oppgir følgende retningslinjer for anbefalt vitamin B12 innhold i rasjonen til hester:</p>\r\n<p><em>Til alle typer voksne hester: 0,0002 mg (0,2 µg) per kg kroppsvekt. Til unghester gjøres denne beregningen ut fra forventet voksen vekt.</em></p>\r\n<p><strong>Mangelsymptomer</strong><br />Vitamin B12 kan lagres i kroppen, hovedsakelig i levra. Mangelsymptomer har aldri blitt påvist hos hest.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Giftighet</strong><br />Da kobalamin er vannløselig vil et høyere inntak enn kroppen trenger bli skilt ut med urinen eller via gallen. Kobalamin forgiftning har aldri blitt rapportert hos hester.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />PC-Horse beregner anbefalte mengder vitamin B12 individuelt for hver hest. Fôrenes innhold av Vitamin B12 er også tatt med i programmets fôrlister når verdien er kjent. Når du setter opp fôrplaner til hestene dine ved hjelp av PC-Horse har du alltid oversikt over fôrplanens innhold av vitamin B12* ( og kobolt*) og hvordan dette er i forhold til hestens anbefalte inntak. Da det ikke er fastlagt et behov for vitamin B12 hos hester vil du ikke bli varslet om eventuell mangel eller overdosering av vitaminet.</p>\r\n<p><em>* B12 och kobolt er ikke rapportert i Miniversionen av PC-Horse</em></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;<em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /><em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /><em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-01-01 09:30:59',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-11-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',8,322,'','',1,1641,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(3952,4678,'December 2015 - Kobalamin (Vitamin B12)','dec2015-sv','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3879:vill-du-kommentera-var-manadsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=sv-SE\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"20\" cellpadding=\"20\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/kobalamin-molekyl.png\" alt=\"kobalamin molekyl\" width=\"150\" height=\"161\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /></td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><strong>B-vitaminerna är en grupp på 8 vattenlösliga vitaminer som spelar en viktig roll i cellernas metabolism. De kan inte produceras i djurets organism, men byggs upp av bakterier, svampar och plantor. Hos hästen är mikroberna i tarmen kapabla att syntetisera de flesta B-vitaminer. </strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Hästens behov av B-vitaminer har bara fastställts för tiamin (B1) och riboflavin (B2). Även om det inte är visat att hästen har behov av att få tillfört sig Vitamin B6 i fodret, så har vi trots det tagit med en rekommendation om dagligt intag i PC-Horse som en säkerhetsåtgärd om dess tarmsyntes inte skulle vara tillräcklig.</strong></p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Funktion</strong><br />Vitaminet B12 har många funktioner i kroppen. Det deltar i ett stort antal enzymreaktioner, särskilt då i samband med syntetisering av protein, metabolisering av kolhydrater och fett samt syntetisering av purin- och pyrimidinbaser, vilka är viktiga komponenter i DNA och RNA. Puriner fungerar också som neurotransmittrar, dvs att de deltar i överföringen av nervimpulser mellan nervcellerna.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Källor</strong><br />Vitamin B12 berör flera kemiska former. Dessa har alla samma vitamineffekt.Den syntetiska formen av vitamin B12, som tillsätts i foder och vitamintillskott, är oftast cyanocobalamin. Det finns lite av B12 i korn och kornprodukter men också en liten del i öljäst som annars är en god källa för andra B-vitaminer. I grovfoder är innehållet emellertid relativt högt i förhållande till vad hästen behöver. Ett genomsnittligt innehåll i gräshö är ofta ca 10 µg per kg torrsubstans (0,01 mg/kg TS). Det mesta av vitamin B12 i grovfoder kommer av föroreningar från andra källor, eftersom plantor inte kan syntetisera vitaminet.</p>\r\n<p>Vitamin B12 kan som sagts inte syntetiseras av plantor. Det produceras istället av mikroberna i hästens tarmsystem. För denna syntes behöver mikroberna mineralet Kobolt. Det är därför nödvändigt att tillse så att hästen får sig tillfört tillräckligt med kobolt i dagsransonen. För alla typer av hästar är behovet av kobolt satt till 0,05 mg per kg torrsubstans om dagen (NRC, 2007).</p>\r\n<p>Kraftfoderblandningar för häst har ofta tillsatts vitamin B12 i mängder på 0,10-0,15 mg (100-150 µg) per kg torrsubstans. Det gäller dock inte alla kraftfoder. Kolla därför analysen i produktens information.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Behov</strong><br />Hästars behov av vitamin B12 är inte fastlagd. PC-Horse uppger följande riktlinjer som rekommendation av vitamin B12 i dagsransonen för hästar:</p>\r\n<p><em>Till alla typer vuxna hästar: 0,0002 mg (0,2 µg) per kg kroppsvikt. Till unghästar görs beräkningen baserat på förväntad vuxenvikt.&nbsp; <br /></em></p>\r\n<p><strong>Bristsymptom</strong><br />Vitamin B12 kan lagras i kroppen, huvudsakligen i levern. Bristsymptom har aldrig påvisats hos hästar.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Giftighet</strong><br />Då kobalamin är vattenlösligt kommer högre intag än kroppen kan tillgodogöra sig att skiljas ut med urinen eller via gallan. Kobalamin förgiftning har aldrig rapporterats hos hästar.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />PC-Horse beräknar rekommenderade mängder vitamin B12 individuellt för varje häst. Fodrens innehåll av vitamin B12 är också medtagna i programmets foderlistor då värdena är kända. När du ställer upp en foderstat till dina hästar med hjälp av PC-Horse har du alltid kontroll på foderstatens innehåll av vitamin B12* (och kobolt*) och hur väl det motsvarar hästens rekommenderade intag. Eftersom det inte finns något fastlagt behov av vitamin 12 för hästar blir du inte varnad av programmet vid en eventuell under- eller överdosering av vitaminet.</p>\r\n<p><em>&nbsp;* B12 och kobolt redovisas ej i Miniversionen av PC-Horse<strong><br /></strong></em></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3879:feedback-pa-var-manadsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=sv-SE\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-01-01 09:30:59',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-11-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',13,310,'','',1,1882,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(3953,4679,'December 2015 - Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)','dec2015-eng','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"20\" cellpadding=\"20\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/kobalamin-molekyl.png\" alt=\"kobalamin molekyl\" width=\"150\" height=\"161\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /></td>\r\n<td><strong>B-vitamins are a group of 8 water soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. They cannot be produced by the body itself, but can be produced by bacteria, fungi and plants. In the horse, microorganisms in the gut, mainly the hind gut, are capable of synthesizing B-vitamins. Nutrient requirements have so far only been well established for thiamin (B<sub>1</sub>) and riboflavin (B<sub>2</sub>). The requirements included in PC-Horse are consequently to be regarded as guidelines.</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Function<br /></strong>Vitamin <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span> performs a wide variety of functions in the body. It is a component of several enzyme systems, most of which are concerned with protein synthesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases that are crucial parts of DNA and RNA. Purines may also function as neurotransmitters.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Dietary sources<br /></strong>Vitamine B12 encompasses several chemical forms that all have similar vitamin B<sub>12</sub> activity. The synthetic form of the vitamin used to supplement feeds or be given to animals is most often cyanocobalamin. The amount of vitamin&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span></span> is low in most grains and also in brewers yeast. However, in most forages it is relatively high compared to the animal’s requirements. Average values for grass hays are about 10 µg per kg dry matter (or 0,01 mg/kg DM). Most of the vitamin B<sub>12</sub> in hays originates from bacterial contamination as plants cannot synthesize the vitamin.</p>\r\n<p>Although Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> is not synthesized by plants, it is produced by the microbes in the intestines. To synthesize the vitamin, the microbes need cobalt. It is therefore necessary to ensure that the horse receives sufficient cobalt in its ration. The requirement for cobalt is set to 0,05 mg per kg dry matter in the ration for all categories of horses (NRC, 2007)</p>\r\n<p>Compound feeds are often supplemented with 0.10-0.15 mg (100-150 µg) vitamin&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span></span> per kg dry matter. However, not all compound feeds for horses are supplemented with the vitamin.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Requirements<br /></strong>Based on available literature and requirements given for other domestic animals, PC-Horse provides the following guidelines for vitamin <span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span></span>in horse rations:</p>\r\n<p><em>For all types of adult horses: 0.0002 mg (0.2 µg) per kg body weight. For young growing horses, the calculation is done according to expected adult body weight.</em></p>\r\n<p><strong>Deficiency<br /></strong>Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> can be stored in the body, mainly in the liver. Deficiency symptoms have not been reported in horses.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Toxicity<br /></strong>As vitamin&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span></span> is a water-soluble vitamin, excess intake will be excreted in the urine and in the bile. Vitamin&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span></span> toxicity in horses has never been reported.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>PC-Horse calculates guidelines for Vitamin&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span></span> requirement individually for each horse. Where values can be obtained,&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span></span> content is included in the feed tables. When composing rations using PC-Horse, you will always be able to control that the intake of vitamin&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><sub><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span> </sub></span>(and cobalt) is at least sufficient to comply with the proposed guidelines. However, as requirements for the vitamin do not exist, you will not be warned of any deficiency or excess.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-03-16 14:54:10',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-11-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,290,'','',1,1769,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(3954,4680,'December 2015 - Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)','dec2015-de','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"20\" cellspacing=\"20\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/kobalamin-molekyl.png\" alt=\"kobalamin molekyl\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" height=\"161\" width=\"150\" /></td>\r\n<td><strong>B-vitamins are a group of 8 water soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. They cannot be produced by the body itself, but can be produced by bacteria, fungi and plants. In the horse, microorganisms in the gut, mainly the hind gut, are capable of synthesizing B-vitamins. Nutrient requirements have so far only been well established for thiamin (B<sub>1</sub>) and riboflavin (B<sub>2</sub>). The requirements included in PC-Horse are consequently to be regarded as guidelines.</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Function<br /></strong>Vitamin <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span> performs a wide variety of functions in the body. It is a component of several enzyme systems, most of which are concerned with protein synthesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases that are crucial parts of DNA and RNA. Purines may also function as neurotransmitters.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Dietary sources<br /></strong>Vitamine B12 encompasses several chemical forms that all have similar vitamin B<sub>12</sub> activity. The synthetic form of the vitamin used to supplement feeds or be given to animals is most often cyanocobalamin. The amount of vitamin&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span></span> is low in most grains and also in brewers yeast. However, in most forages it is relatively high compared to the animal’s requirements. Average values for grass hays are about 10 µg per kg dry matter (or 0,01 mg/kg DM). Most of the vitamin B<sub>12</sub> in hays originates from bacterial contamination as plants cannot synthesize the vitamin.</p>\r\n<p>Although Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> is not synthesized by plants, it is produced by the microbes in the intestines. To synthesize the vitamin, the microbes need cobalt. It is therefore necessary to ensure that the horse receives sufficient cobalt in its ration. The requirement for cobalt is set to 0,05 mg per kg dry matter in the ration for all categories of horses (NRC, 2007)</p>\r\n<p>Compound feeds are often supplemented with 0.10-0.15 mg (100-150 µg) vitamin&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span></span> per kg dry matter. However, not all compound feeds for horses are supplemented with the vitamin.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Requirements<br /></strong>Based on available literature and requirements given for other domestic animals, PC-Horse provides the following guidelines for vitamin <span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span></span>in horse rations:</p>\r\n<p><em>For all types of adult horses: 0.0002 mg (0.2 µg) per kg body weight. For young growing horses, the calculation is done according to expected adult body weight.</em></p>\r\n<p><strong>Deficiency<br /></strong>Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> can be stored in the body, mainly in the liver. Deficiency symptoms have not been reported in horses.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Toxicity<br /></strong>As vitamin&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span></span> is a water-soluble vitamin, excess intake will be excreted in the urine and in the bile. Vitamin&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span></span> toxicity in horses has never been reported.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>PC-Horse calculates guidelines for Vitamin&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span></span> requirement individually for each horse. Where values can be obtained,&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span></span> content is included in the feed tables. When composing rations using PC-Horse, you will always be able to control that the intake of vitamin&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><sub><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span> </sub></span>(and cobalt) is at least sufficient to comply with the proposed guidelines. However, as requirements for the vitamin do not exist, you will not be warned of any deficiency or excess.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-01-01 09:30:59',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-11-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,256,'','',1,1698,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3955,4681,'December 2015 - Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)','dec2015-nl','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"20\" cellspacing=\"20\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/kobalamin-molekyl.png\" alt=\"kobalamin molekyl\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" height=\"161\" width=\"150\" /></td>\r\n<td><strong>B-vitamins are a group of 8 water soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. They cannot be produced by the body itself, but can be produced by bacteria, fungi and plants. In the horse, microorganisms in the gut, mainly the hind gut, are capable of synthesizing B-vitamins. Nutrient requirements have so far only been well established for thiamin (B<sub>1</sub>) and riboflavin (B<sub>2</sub>). The requirements included in PC-Horse are consequently to be regarded as guidelines.</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Function<br /></strong>Vitamin <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span> performs a wide variety of functions in the body. It is a component of several enzyme systems, most of which are concerned with protein synthesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases that are crucial parts of DNA and RNA. Purines may also function as neurotransmitters.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Dietary sources<br /></strong>Vitamine B12 encompasses several chemical forms that all have similar vitamin B<sub>12</sub> activity. The synthetic form of the vitamin used to supplement feeds or be given to animals is most often cyanocobalamin. The amount of vitamin&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span></span> is low in most grains and also in brewers yeast. However, in most forages it is relatively high compared to the animal’s requirements. Average values for grass hays are about 10 µg per kg dry matter (or 0,01 mg/kg DM). Most of the vitamin B<sub>12</sub> in hays originates from bacterial contamination as plants cannot synthesize the vitamin.</p>\r\n<p>Although Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> is not synthesized by plants, it is produced by the microbes in the intestines. To synthesize the vitamin, the microbes need cobalt. It is therefore necessary to ensure that the horse receives sufficient cobalt in its ration. The requirement for cobalt is set to 0,05 mg per kg dry matter in the ration for all categories of horses (NRC, 2007)</p>\r\n<p>Compound feeds are often supplemented with 0.10-0.15 mg (100-150 µg) vitamin&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span></span> per kg dry matter. However, not all compound feeds for horses are supplemented with the vitamin.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Requirements<br /></strong>Based on available literature and requirements given for other domestic animals, PC-Horse provides the following guidelines for vitamin <span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span></span>in horse rations:</p>\r\n<p><em>For all types of adult horses: 0.0002 mg (0.2 µg) per kg body weight. For young growing horses, the calculation is done according to expected adult body weight.</em></p>\r\n<p><strong>Deficiency<br /></strong>Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> can be stored in the body, mainly in the liver. Deficiency symptoms have not been reported in horses.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Toxicity<br /></strong>As vitamin&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span></span> is a water-soluble vitamin, excess intake will be excreted in the urine and in the bile. Vitamin&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span></span> toxicity in horses has never been reported.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>PC-Horse calculates guidelines for Vitamin&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span></span> requirement individually for each horse. Where values can be obtained,&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span></span> content is included in the feed tables. When composing rations using PC-Horse, you will always be able to control that the intake of vitamin&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;\"><sub><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;\">B<sub>12</sub></span> </sub></span>(and cobalt) is at least sufficient to comply with the proposed guidelines. However, as requirements for the vitamin do not exist, you will not be warned of any deficiency or excess.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-01-01 09:30:59',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-11-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,232,'','',1,1386,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(3956,4682,'Décembre 2015 - Cobalamine (Vitamine B12)','dec2015-fra','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Commenter cet </span><span class=\"hps\">article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"20\" cellspacing=\"20\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/kobalamin-molekyl.png\" alt=\"kobalamin molekyl\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" height=\"161\" width=\"150\" /></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><strong>Les vitamines B sont un groupe de 8 vitamines hydrosolubles qui jouent un rôle important dans le métabolisme cellulaire. <span class=\"hps\">Elles ne peuvent pas</span> <span class=\"hps\">être produites par</span> <span class=\"hps\">le</span> <span class=\"hps\">corps lui-même</span>, <span class=\"hps\">mais</span> <span class=\"hps\">peuvent être produites par</span> <span class=\"hps\">des bactéries, des</span> <span class=\"hps\">champignons et des plantes</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Chez le cheval</span>, <span class=\"hps\">les micro-organismes</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans l\'intestin</span> <span class=\"hps\">(</span>principalement <span class=\"hps\">le </span><span class=\"alt-edited\">gros intestin) sont</span> <span class=\"hps\">capables de synthétiser</span> <span class=\"hps\">des vitamines B</span> <span class=\"hps\">et les</span> <span class=\"hps\">besoins nutritionnels</span> <span class=\"hps\">ont</span> <span class=\"hps\">seulement</span> <span class=\"hps\">été établis pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">la thiamine</span> <span class=\"hps\">(B1)</span> <span class=\"hps\">et la riboflavine</span> <span class=\"hps\">(B2). Les besoins indiqués dans PC-Horse ne doivent par conséquent n’être regardés que comme une ligne directrice.</span></strong></strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Fonction<br /></strong>La vitamine&nbsp;<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">B12</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">effectue</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">de nombreuses fonctions</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le corps.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">C\'est</span> <span class=\"hps\">un</span> <span class=\"hps\">composant</span> <span class=\"hps\">de plusieurs</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">systèmes enzymatiques</span><span class=\"\">, dont la plupart</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont concernés par</span> <span class=\"hps\">la synthèse des protéines</span><span class=\"alt-edited\">, le métabolisme des glucides et</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">des lipides</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">et la synthèse</span> <span class=\"hps\">des</span> <span class=\"hps\">bases</span> <span class=\"hps\">puriques et pyrimidiques</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui sont</span> <span class=\"hps\">des éléments essentiels de</span> <span class=\"hps\">l\'ADN</span> <span class=\"hps\">et de l\'ARN</span><span class=\"\">.</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Les purines</span> <span class=\"hps\">peuvent également fonctionner</span> <span class=\"hps\">comme des neurotransmetteurs</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p><strong>Sources alimentaires</strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">La vitamine</span> <span class=\"hps\">B12</span> <span class=\"hps\">englobe plusieurs</span> <span class=\"hps\">formes chimiques</span> <span class=\"hps\">qui ont toutes</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">une activité similaire de la vitamine</span> <span class=\"hps\">B12</span><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">.</span> <span class=\"hps\">La</span> <span class=\"hps\">forme synthétique</span> <span class=\"hps\">de la vitamine</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">utilisée pour compléter</span> <span class=\"hps\">les aliments</span> <span class=\"hps\">ou</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">pour être</span> <span class=\"hps\">donnée aux animaux</span> <span class=\"hps\">est</span> <span class=\"hps\">le plus souvent</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">la cyanocobalamine</span>. <span class=\"hps\">La quantité de</span> <span class=\"hps\">vitamine</span> <span class=\"hps\">B12</span> <span class=\"hps\">est faible</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans la plupart des</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">céréales</span> <span class=\"hps\">ainsi que </span><span class=\"hps\">dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">la levure de bière</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Cependant,</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans la plupart des</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">fourrages </span><span class=\"alt-edited\">elle est relativement</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">élevée comparativement</span> <span class=\"hps\">aux besoins</span> <span class=\"hps\">de l\'animal.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Les valeurs moyennes pour</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">un foin de graminées</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont</span> d\'<span class=\"hps alt-edited\">environ 10 µg</span> <span class=\"hps\">par kg de matière</span> <span class=\"hps\">sèche</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span><span class=\"\">ou 0,01</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg</span> <span class=\"hps\">/</span> <span class=\"hps\">kg MS</span>). <span class=\"hps\">La plupart de la</span> <span class=\"hps\">vitamine B12 dans</span> <span class=\"hps\">les foins</span> <span class=\"hps\">provient de</span> <span class=\"hps\">la contamination bactérienne</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">car les plantes</span> <span class=\"hps\">ne peuvent pas synthétiser</span> <span class=\"hps\">la vitamine.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"hps\">Bien que la</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">vitamine B12 ne soit pas</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">synthétisée</span> <span class=\"hps\">par les plantes</span><span class=\"alt-edited\">, elle est produite</span> <span class=\"hps\">par les microbes</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans les intestins.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Pour synthétiser</span> <span class=\"hps\">cette vitamine</span>, <span class=\"hps\">les</span> <span class=\"hps\">microbes</span> <span class=\"hps\">ont besoin de</span> <span class=\"hps\">cobalt.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Il</span> <span class=\"hps\">est donc nécessaire de</span> <span class=\"hps\">veiller à ce que</span> <span class=\"hps\">le cheval</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">reçoive</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">suffisamment de cobalt</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">dans sa ration</span>. <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Le besoin en</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">cobalt</span> <span class=\"hps\">est fixé à</span> <span class=\"hps\">0,05</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg</span> <span class=\"hps\">par kg de matière</span> <span class=\"hps\">sèche de la ration</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour toutes les catégories</span> <span class=\"hps\">de chevaux</span> <span class=\"hps\">(NRC,</span> <span class=\"hps\">2007)</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Les aliments concentrés</span> <span class=\"hps\">sont souvent</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">complétés par</span> <span class=\"hps\">0,10-0,15</span> <span class=\"hps\">mg</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">(</span><span class=\"\">100-150</span> <span class=\"hps\">µg)</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">de vitamine B12</span> <span class=\"hps\">par kg de matière</span> <span class=\"hps\">sèche</span><span class=\"\">.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Cependant</span>, <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">tous les aliments concentrés</span> <span class=\"hps\">pour les chevaux</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">ne sont pas complétés avec</span> <span class=\"hps\">la vitamine.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><strong>Besoins<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Sur la base</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">de la littérature</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">et des besoins</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">indiqués pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">les autres animaux domestiques</span>, <span class=\"hps\">PC</span><span class=\"\">-Horse</span> <span class=\"hps\">fournit</span> <span class=\"hps\">les</span> <span class=\"hps\">lignes directrices suivantes pour</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">de vitamine B12</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans les rations</span> <span class=\"hps\">des chevaux</span><span class=\"\">:</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><span class=\"hps\">Pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">tous les types de</span> <span class=\"hps\">chevaux adultes</span>: <span class=\"hps\">0,0002</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">mg (</span><span class=\"\">0,2</span> <span class=\"hps\">µg</span><span class=\"\">) par kg</span> <span class=\"hps\">de poids corporel.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Pour les jeunes</span> <span class=\"hps\">chevaux en croissance</span>, <span class=\"hps\">le calcul</span> <span class=\"hps\">se fait selon</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">le</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">poids corporel espéré</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">à l\'âge adulte.</span></em></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Carence<br /></strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">La vitamine B12</span> <span class=\"hps\">peut être stockée</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le corps,</span> <span class=\"hps\">principalement</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans le foie.</span> <span class=\"hps\">Les symptômes de carence</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">n\'ont pas été rapportés</span> <span class=\"hps\">chez les chevaux</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Toxicité<br /></strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Comme</span> <span class=\"hps\">la vitamine B12</span> <span class=\"hps\">est une vitamine</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">hydrosoluble</span>, l\'excès de <span class=\"hps\">consommation</span> <span class=\"hps\">sera</span> <span class=\"hps\">excrété</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans l\'urine et</span> <span class=\"hps\">dans la bile</span>. <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">La toxicité de la vitamine B12</span> <span class=\"hps\">chez les chevaux</span> <span class=\"hps\">n\'a jamais été rapportée</span><span class=\"\">.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>PC-Horse<span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"atn\"></span> <span class=\"hps\">calcule</span> <span class=\"hps\">des valeurs indicatives pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">les apports en vitamine B12</span> <span class=\"hps\">individuellement pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">chaque cheval</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Lorsque les valeurs</span> <span class=\"hps\">peuvent être obtenues</span>, la B12 <span class=\"hps\">est incluse dans les</span> <span class=\"hps\">tables d\'alimentation</span>. <span class=\"hps\">Lors de la composition</span> <span class=\"hps\">des rations</span> <span class=\"hps\">avec</span> <span class=\"hps\">PC</span><span class=\"atn\">-</span>Cheval, <span class=\"hps\">vous serez toujours</span> <span class=\"hps\">en mesure de contrôler</span> <span class=\"hps\">que la prise de</span> <span class=\"hps\">vitamine B12</span> (et de cobalt) <span class=\"hps\">est</span> <span class=\"hps\">au moins suffisante pour</span> <span class=\"hps\">se conformer aux</span> <span class=\"hps\">lignes directrices proposées</span>. <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Toutefois</span><span class=\"\">,</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">comme les besoins pour cette</span> <span class=\"hps\">vitamine</span> <span class=\"hps\">n\'existent pas</span><span class=\"\">, vous</span> <span class=\"hps\">ne serez pas averti</span> <span class=\"hps\">de toute insuffisance</span> <span class=\"hps\">ou</span> <span class=\"hps\">excès.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br /><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">&nbsp;Commenter l\'</span><span class=\"hps\">article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>Cet article a été écrit par Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norvège 2015</em><br /> <em><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Sentez-vous</span> <span class=\"hps\">libre d\'utiliser et</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">publier cet article</span>. <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Merci d\'</span> <span class=\"hps\">indiquer la</span> <span class=\"hps\">source et l\'auteur</span><span class=\"\">.</span></span></em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-01-01 09:30:59',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-11-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,209,'','',1,1831,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3957,4683,'December 2015 - Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)','dec2015-da','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:poll-dk&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK&amp;Itemid=2670\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"20\" cellspacing=\"20\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/kobalamin-molekyl.png\" alt=\"kobalamin molekyl\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" height=\"161\" width=\"150\" /></td>\r\n<td><strong>B-vitaminer omfatter en gruppe af 8 vandopløselige vitaminer som spiller en vigtig rolle I forbindelse med celle metabolisme. Disse vitaminer kan ikke blive produceret af kroppen selv, men kan produceres af de bakterier, svampe og mikroorganismer der er i hestens fordøjelsessystem. Særligt mikroorganismerne i hestens blind og tyktarm er effektive til at syntetisere B-vitaminer og et yderligere behov er indtil nu kun dokumenteret for thiamin(B1) og riboflavin (B2). Behovene som er lagt ind i PC-Horse skal opfattes som vejledende retningslinjer.</strong></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Betydning</strong><br />Vitamin B12 varetager en række forskellige funktioner I hestens krop. B 12 indgår i flere forskellige enzym systemer, hvoraf de fleste er involveret I proteinsyntesen, omsætningen af kulhydrater og fedtstoffer , og i syntesen af purine og pyrimidine baser som er vigtige bestanddele DNA and RNA. Purinerne har også en funktion som neurotransmittere.<br /><strong></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Hvor findes B12</strong><br />Vitamin B12 omfatter forskellige kemiske former som alle har samme aktivitet. Den syntetiske form af vitaminet som normalt anbefales I tilskudsfoder er cyanocobalamin. Mængden af vitamin B12 er lav i korn og også lav I bryggeri gær. I det meste grovfoder er indholdet imidlertid relativt højt i forhold til hestens behov. Det gennemsnitlige indhold i græshø er ca 10 µg pr kg tørstof (eller 0,01 mg/kg DM). Hovedparten af indholdet af vitamin B12 i hø stammer fra bakterie indblanding efter som planterne ikke selv kan danne vitaminet.<br />Vitamin B12 kan som nævnt, ikke dannes af planter. B12 bliver, produceret af mikroberne I fordøjelseskanalen. For at danne vitaminet, har mikroberne brug for kobolt. Det er derfor nødvendigt at sikre at hesten optager tilstrækkeligt med kobolt fra foderrationen. Behovet for kobolt er sat til 0,05 mg pr kg tørstof i foderrationen for alle kategorier af heste (NRC, 2007)<br />Foderblandinger er ofte tilsat 0.10-0.15 mg (100-150 µg) vitamin B12 pr kg tørstof. Det er imidlertid ikke alle foderblandinger til heste som er tilsat B12 vitamin.<br /><strong></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Behov</strong><br />Baseret på den tilgængelige litteratur og behovene angivet for andre, anvender PC-Horse de følgende guidelines for vitamin B12 i foderrationer til heste:<br /><em>For alle typer af udvoksede heste: 0,0002 mg (0.2 µg) pr kg kropsvægt. For unge heste I vækst , beregnes behovet I henhold til den forventede udvoksede vægt</em><br /><em><strong></strong></em></p>\r\n<p><strong>Underskud</strong><br />Overskud af vitamin B12 bliver primært lagret I leveren. Mangelsymptomer er ikke blevet beskrevet hos heste.<br /><strong></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong>Giftighed</strong><br />Da vitamin B12 er et vandopløseligt vitamin, vil overskud blive udskilt med urinen via gallesaften.<br />Vitamin B12 giftighed hos heste er aldrig blevet rapporteret</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />PC-Horse kalkulerer med anbefalinger af Vitamin B12 individuelt for hver enkel hest. Hvor fodermidlernes indhold af, B12 er kendt fremgår det af foderlisterne</p>\r\n<p><em>&nbsp;* B12 <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">og</span> <span class=\"hps\">kobolt</span> <span class=\"hps\">indregnes ikke i</span> <span class=\"hps\">miniversionen af</span> <span class=\"hps atn\">PC-</span><span class=\"\">Horse</span></span><br /></em></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:poll-dk&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK&amp;Itemid=2670\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-01-01 09:30:59',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-11-30 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,184,'','',1,1629,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(3958,4684,'Januari 2016 - Fiberinnhold i hestefôr','jan2016-nb','<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p><strong>Hesten er en graseter og tarmsystemet er tilpasset en rasjon med mye grovfôr, det vil si mye gras og urter enten ferskt eller som høy eller ensilasje. Grovfôr er rikt på fiber og hesten trenger mye fiber i rasjonen for at tarmsystemet skal fungere. Fiberrike fôrtyper krever mye tygging og fører derfor til at hesten bruker lang tid på å ete. Dette er viktig for hestens velvære og trivsel og fører til økt spyttproduksjon, noe som kan være med å redusere faren for magesår.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/hayeatinghorse.jpg\" alt=\"hayeatinghorse\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" /></p>\r\n<p><br /><strong>Fordøyelse av fiber</strong><br />Grovt sett kan vi dele hestens fordøyelsessystem inn i to deler. I mage og tynntarm finner vi enzymer som fordøyer stivelse, sukker, protein og fett. Lenger bak i blindtarm og tykktarm er det mikrober som protozoer, bakterier og gjær som bryter ned tungt fordøyelige fiber til korte flyktige fettsyrer som så kan absorberes og utnyttes til energi. Hos hester som får grovfôrrike rasjoner vil en vesentlig del av energibehovet dekkes gjennom tarmmikrobenes nedbryting av fiber. Mikrobiell fordøyelse av fiber med produksjon av korte flyktige fettsyrer påvirker ikke hestens blodsukker og insulinproduksjon. Grovfôr med sitt høye fiberinnhold er derfor en viktig og riktig del av hestens fôrrasjon.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Fiberinnhold i hestens fôr</strong><br />Fiberinnholdet i grovfôr kan variere mye ut fra planteart og botanisk utvikling. Når plantene blir høstet tidlig er fiberinnholdet ikke så høyt, men det har høy næringsverdi. Blir plantene slått senere er fiberinnholdet høyere, men økt mengde lignin gjør at næringsverdien reduseres. Til ulike typer hester må vi derfor vurdere hvilke grovfôrkvaliteter som passer best.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Hvordan oppgis fôrets innhold av fiber<br /></strong>Det finnes flere analysemetoder for fiber. Tradisjonelt ble fiber i fôr oppgitt som Råtrevler (CF) (eng. Crude Fibre, svensk; Växttråd) og dette omfatter stort sett fôrets innhold av cellulose og lignin. Nøytral løselig fiber (NDF) (eng. Neutral Detergent Fibre) er i dag den mest vanlige enheten for fiber i dyrefôr og omfatter plantenes strukturelle komponenter som cellulose, hemicellulose og lignin, men ikke pektin.<br />Siden analysen for NDF omfatter flere fiber komponenter enn analysen for Råtrevler vil verdiene av NDF i fôret være omtrent dobbelt så høye som verdiene for Råtrevler.<br /><br /><strong>For å regne om mellom verdier for Råtrevler og NDF kan noen enkle ligninger brukes:</strong><br /><br />For friskt gras: NDF = 1,14*Råtrevler + 260<br />For ensilasje: NDF = 1,09*Råtrevler + 260<br />For høy: NDF = 1,21*Råtrevler + 260<br />For korn: NDF = 2,13*Råtrevler + 62</p>\r\n<p><strong>Fiber i PC-Horse</strong><br />I PC-Horse blir fiberinnholdet i fôr og fôrrasjoner oppgitt som Råtrevler. Dette er hovedsakelig fordi fiber i kraftfôrblandinger oftest deklareres som Råtrevler. For at PC-Horse skal kunne beregne rasjonens totale fiberinnhold må fiber i grovfôr og kraftfôr oppgis i samme enhet.<br />PC-Horse setter 3 gram Råtrevler per kg kroppsvekt som laveste mengde i dagsrasjonen til hest. Helst bør fibermengden være høyere enn dette. Du vil få en advarsel dersom fiberinnholdet i fôrrasjonen blir for lavt.<br />PC-Horse vil også gi en advarsel dersom total mengde grovfôr (regnet som tørrstoff) i rasjonen blir for lavt. Det skal alltid være mer enn 1 kg grovfôrtørrstoff per 100 kg kroppsvekt i rasjonen, og helst rundt 1,5 kg.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;<em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /><em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /><em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-02-01 08:27:16',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-12-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,320,'','',1,1949,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(3959,4685,'Januari 2016 - Fiberinnehållet i hästfoder','jan2016-sv','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3879:vill-du-kommentera-var-manadsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=sv-SE\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p><strong>Hästen är en gräsätare och dess tarmsystem är avsett för en dagsgiva med mycket grovfoder, dvs mycket gräs och örter, antingen färskt eller som hö eller hösilage. Grovfoder är rikt på fiber och hästar behöver mycket fiber varje dag för att tarmsystemet ska fungera. Fiberrika foder kräver mycket tuggande och detta leder till att hästen behöver ta lång tid på sig för att äta. Det är viktigt för hästens välmående och trivsel. Det ger också en ökad salivproduktion som kan minska risken för magsår.<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/hayeatinghorse.jpg\" alt=\"hayeatinghorse\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" /></p>\r\n<p><br /><strong>Förbränning av fiber</strong><br />Grovt sett kan hästens förbränningssystem delas in i två delar. I mage och tunntarm finns enzymer som förbränner stärkelse, socker, protein och fett. Längre bak, i blindtarmen och tjocktarmen, är det mikrober av typen protozoer, bakterier och jäst som bryter ner svårsmälta fibrer till korta flyktiga fettsyror som därmed kan omsättas i energi.</p>\r\n<p>Hos hästar som får ransoner rika på grovfoder täcks en väsentlig del av energibehovet genom tarmmikrobernas nedbrytning av fibrer. Mikrobiell förbränning av fiber genom produktion av korta flyktiga fettsyror påverkar inte hästens blodsocker och insulinproduktion. Därför utgör grovfoder, med sitt höga fiberinnehåll, en viktig och riktig del av hästens foderranson.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Fiberinnehållet i hästens foder </strong><br />Fiberinnehållet i grovfoder kan variera avsevärt beroende på plantsort och biologiskt utvecklingsskede. När plantorna skördas tidigt är fiberinnehållet ännu inte så stort, men det håller högt näringsvärde. Skördas de senare är fiberinnehållet högre, men den förhöjda nivån av lignin gör att näringsvärden sjunker. Till olika typer av hästar måste man därför göra en värdering av vilken grovfoderkvalitet som passar hästen bäst.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Hur uppges fodrets fiberinnehåll</strong><strong><br /></strong>Det finns flera sätt att analysera fiber. Ursprungligen uppgavs fiber i foder som Växttråd (eng. Crude Fibre) vilket i stort sett motsvarar fodrets innehåll av cellulosa och lignin. Neutral löslig fiber (NDF), på engelska Neutral Detergent Fibre, är numera den mest gångbara enheten för fiber i djurfoder. Det omfattar då växternas strukturella komponenter som cellulosa, hemicellulosa och lignin - men inte pektin.</p>\r\n<p>Då analyser för NDF inkluderar flera fibertyper än motsvarande analys för Växttråd blir dess värden uttryckt i NDF ungefär dubbelt så stora som värdena blir om de redovisas som Växttråd.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Några enkla tumregler för att räkna om Växtråd till NDF:</strong></p>\r\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"5\" cellpadding=\"5\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>För friskt gräs:</td>\r\n<td>NDF&nbsp; =</td>\r\n<td>1,14</td>\r\n<td>*Växttråd + 260</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>För hösilage:</td>\r\n<td>NDF&nbsp; =</td>\r\n<td>1,09</td>\r\n<td>*Växttråd + 260</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>För hö:</td>\r\n<td>NDF&nbsp; =</td>\r\n<td>1,21</td>\r\n<td>*Växttråd + 260</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>För korn:</td>\r\n<td>NDF&nbsp; =</td>\r\n<td>2,13</td>\r\n<td>*Växttråd + 62</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Fiber i PC-Horse</strong><br />I PC-Horse anges fiberinnehållet som Växttråd. Den huvudsakliga anledningen är att fiber i kraftfoderblandningar oftast deklareras som Växttråd. För att PC-Horse ska kunna räkna fram det totala fiberinnehållet i dagsgivan måste därför fiber i grovfoder och kraftfoder uppges i samma enhet.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse anger 3 gram Västtråd per kg kroppsvikt som lägsta mängd i dagsgivan för häst. Helst bör fibermängden vara högre än detta. Du får en varning av programmet om fiberinnehållet blir för lågt.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse ger dessutom en varning om den totala mängden grovfoder (räknat som torrsubstans TS) är för liten i dagsgivan. Det ska alltid ingå mer än 1 kg grovfoder (TS) per 100 kg kroppsvikt i ransonen, allra helst runt 1,5 kg.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3879:feedback-pa-var-manadsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=sv-SE\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-02-01 08:27:16',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-12-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,294,'','',1,2249,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(3960,4686,'January 2016 - Fibre in horse feeds','jan2016-nl','<p><strong>The horse is a grass-eating herbivore and its digestive system is adapted to rations that consist mainly of roughage, i.e. grasses and herbs, either fresh or as hay or haylage. Roughages are rich in fibre and the horse needs this fibre for both energy and as a structural component to ensure proper functioning of the digestive system. Fibre-rich diets require a long time for chewing, keeping the horse occupied and increasing the time needed to consume a meal. This is important for the horse\'s comfort and well-being, and leads to increased saliva production, which in turn helps reduce the risk of gastric ulcers.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/hayeatinghorse.jpg\" alt=\"hayeatinghorse\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" /><strong>Digestion of fibres</strong><br />In simple terms, we can divide the horse\'s digestive system into two parts. In the stomach and small intestine, which comes first, we find enzymes that digest starch, sugars, proteins and fat. Further on, in the caecum and colon, a rich population of microbes (i.e. protozoa, bacteria and yeast) helps to break down the fibre component into short-chain fatty acids that can be absorbed and utilized for energy. <br /><br />In horses on forage-rich diets, the acids produced from fibre meet a significant part of the energy needs. Although the cellulose in the fibre-fraction is composed of glucose molecules, microbial digestion transfers the glucose to short (volatile) fatty acids – which are subsequently absorbed. Consequently, the products of fibre digestion do not affect the horse\'s blood sugar concentration and insulin secretion.</p>\r\n<p><strong>The fibre content of forages</strong><br />This will vary widely between plant species, and from one stage of botanical development to another. When plants are harvested early in their growth, fibre content is lower, but the nutritional value of that fibre is at its highest. A later harvest will have a higher fibre content, but increased amounts of lignin present will cause a decrease in the nutritional value of the fibre. We must therefore consider what particular forage qualities will best suit different types of horses.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Analysing fibre content in horse feeds</strong><br />Several methods are available for the analysis of fibre in feeds. Crude Fibre (CF) is a traditional measure of fibre in feeds, with a focus on cellulose and lignin content. Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF) is today the most common measure of fibre in animal feeds. It measures the structural components i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, but not pectin.<br /><br />Since NDF measures more fibre components than CF, values for NDF in forages will be roughly twice as high as values for CF.<br /><br /><strong>To calculate from CF to NDF, simple equations can be used:</strong></p>\r\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"5\" cellpadding=\"5\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>For fresh grass:</td>\r\n<td>NDF =</td>\r\n<td>1.14*CF + 260</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>For haylage:</td>\r\n<td>NDF =</td>\r\n<td>1.09*CF + 260</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>For hay:</td>\r\n<td>NDF =</td>\r\n<td>1.21*CF + 260</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>For grains:</td>\r\n<td>NDF =</td>\r\n<td>2,13*CF + 62</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Fibre in PC-Horse</strong><br />In PC-Horse, the fibre content of feeds is expressed as Crude Fibre (CF). This is mainly because the fibre in most compound feeds is given in terms of CF. In order to calculate the total amount of fibre in a ration, fibre in compound feeds and in forage have to be measured using the same units.<br /><br />PC-Horse sets the lower limit for crude fibre in the daily ration to 3 grams per kg body weight daily. The horse should preferably receive more than this and you will be warned if the fibre content of your rations is not high enough.<br /><br />PC-Horse will also give a warning if the roughage dry matter in rations is too low. It should always be higher than 1 kg roughage DM per 100 kg body weight and preferably around 1,5 kg.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-02-01 08:27:16',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-12-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',5,279,'','',1,1412,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(3961,4687,'Janvier 2016 - Fibres dans les aliments pour chevaux','jan2016-fra','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Commenter cet </span><span class=\"hps\">article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<strong>Le cheval est un herbivore mangeur d’herbe et son système digestif est adapté aux rations qui se composent principalement de fourrage, soit de graminées et de diverses herbes, fraîches ou sous forme de foin ou d’enrubanné. Les fourrages sont riches en fibres et le cheval a besoin de ces fibres à la fois pour l\'énergie et comme composant structurel pour assurer le bon fonctionnement du système digestif. Une alimentation riche en fibres nécessite une longue période de mastication, gardant le cheval occupé et augmentant le temps nécessaire pour consommer un repas. Ceci est important pour le confort et le bien-être du cheval, et conduit également à une augmentation de la production de salive, qui à son tour contribue à réduire le risque d\'ulcères gastriques.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/hayeatinghorse.jpg\" alt=\"hayeatinghorse\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" style=\"display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;\" /><strong>Digestion des fibres<br /></strong>En termes simples, nous pouvons diviser le système digestif du cheval en deux parties. Dans l\'estomac et l\'intestin grêle, qui viennent en premier, on trouve des enzymes qui digèrent l\'amidon, les sucres, les protéines et les graisses. Plus loin, dans le caecum et le côlon, une riche population de microbes (c’est-à-dire protozoaires, bactéries et levures) contribue à briser le composant fibreux en acides gras à courte chaîne qui peuvent être absorbés et utilisés pour l\'énergie.</p>\r\n<p>Chez les chevaux ayant des régimes riches en fourrage, les acides produits à partir de fibres couvrent une partie significative des besoins en énergie. Bien que la cellulose dans la fraction de fibres soit composée de molécules de glucose, la digestion microbienne transforme le glucose en acides gras courte chaine (volatils) qui sont ensuite absorbés. Par conséquent, les produits de la digestion des fibres ne modifient pas la concentration de sucre dans le sang ni la sécrétion d\'insuline du cheval.</p>\r\n<p><strong>La teneur en fibres des fourrages</strong><br />Celle-ci varie considérablement entre les espèces de plantes, et d\'une étape de développement botanique à une autre. Lorsque les plantes sont récoltées au début de leur croissance, la teneur en fibres est plus faible, mais la valeur nutritionnelle de la fibre est à son maximum. Une récolte plus tardive aura une teneur plus élevée en fibres, mais les quantités accrues de lignine présentes vont provoquer une diminution de la valeur nutritionnelle de la fibre. Nous devons donc examiner quelles qualités de fourrages conviendront plus particulièrement aux différents types de chevaux.</p>\r\n<p><strong>L\'analyse de la teneur en fibres dans l\'alimentation des chevaux</strong><br />Plusieurs méthodes sont disponibles pour l\'analyse des fibres dans les aliments. La cellulose brute (CB) sont une mesure traditionnelle des fibres dans l\'alimentation, avec un accent sur la cellulose et la lignine contenues. Les fibres au détergent neutre (NDF) sont aujourd\'hui la mesure la plus courante de fibres dans l\'alimentation animale. Cela mesure les composants structurels à savoir la cellulose, l\'hémicellulose et la lignine, mais pas la pectine.<br />Etant donné que le NDF mesure plus de composants de fibres que la CB, les valeurs de NDF dans les fourrages seront environ deux fois plus élevées que les valeurs de CB.</p>\r\n<p>Pour calculer à partir de FB NDF, des équations simples peuvent être utilisées :</p>\r\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"5\" cellpadding=\"5\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Pour l\'herbe fraîche :</td>\r\n<td>NDF =</td>\r\n<td>1.14*CB + 260</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Pour enrubanné :</td>\r\n<td>NDF =</td>\r\n<td>1.09*CB + 260</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Pour le foin :</td>\r\n<td>NDF =</td>\r\n<td>1.21*CB + 260</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Pour les céréales :</td>\r\n<td>NDF =</td>\r\n<td>2,13*CB + 62</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Les fibres dans PC-Horse</strong><br />Dans PC-Horse, la teneur en fibres des aliments est exprimée en cellulose brute (CB). Ceci principalement parce que la fibre dans la plupart des aliments concentrés est donnée en termes de CB. Afin de calculer le montant total en fibre dans la ration, la fibre dans les aliments concentrés et dans le fourrage doit être mesurée en utilisant les mêmes unités.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse définit la limite inférieure en cellulose brute dans la ration journalière à 3 grammes par kg de poids corporel par jour. Le cheval doit de préférence recevoir plus que ceci et vous serez averti si la teneur en fibres de vos rations n\'est pas assez élevée.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"> Commenter l\'</span><span class=\"hps\">article</span></span></strong></span></a><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>Cet article a été écrit par Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norvège 2015</em><br /> <em><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Sentez-vous</span> <span class=\"hps\">libre d\'utiliser et</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">publier cet article</span>. <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Merci d\'</span> <span class=\"hps\">indiquer la</span> <span class=\"hps\">source et l\'auteur</span><span class=\"\">.</span></span></em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-03-01 08:13:53',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-12-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,341,'','',1,1722,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3962,4688,'January 2016 - Fibre in horse feed','jan2016-de','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>The horse is a grass-eating herbivore and its digestive system is adapted to rations that consist mainly of roughage, i.e. grasses and herbs, either fresh or as hay or haylage. Roughages are rich in fibre and the horse needs this fibre for both energy and as a structural component to ensure proper functioning of the digestive system. Fibre-rich diets require a long time for chewing, keeping the horse occupied and increasing the time needed to consume a meal. This is important for the horse\'s comfort and well-being, and leads to increased saliva production, which in turn helps reduce the risk of gastric ulcers.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/hayeatinghorse.jpg\" alt=\"hayeatinghorse\" style=\"display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;\" height=\"300\" width=\"300\" /><strong>Digestion of fibres</strong><br />In simple terms, we can divide the horse\'s digestive system into two parts. In the stomach and small intestine, which comes first, we find enzymes that digest starch, sugars, proteins and fat. Further on, in the caecum and colon, a rich population of microbes (i.e. protozoa, bacteria and yeast) helps to break down the fibre component into short-chain fatty acids that can be absorbed and utilized for energy.</p>\r\n<p>In horses on forage-rich diets, the acids produced from fibre meet a significant part of the energy needs. Although the cellulose in the fibre-fraction is composed of glucose molecules, microbial digestion transfers the glucose to short (volatile) fatty acids – which are subsequently absorbed. Consequently, the products of fibre digestion do not affect the horse\'s blood sugar concentration and insulin secretion.</p>\r\n<p><strong>The fibre content of forages</strong><br />This will vary widely between plant species, and from one stage of botanical development to another. When plants are harvested early in their growth, fibre content is lower, but the nutritional value of that fibre is at its highest. A later harvest will have a higher fibre content, but increased amounts of lignin present will cause a decrease in the nutritional value of the fibre. We must therefore consider what particular forage qualities will best suit different types of horses.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Analysing fibre content in horse feeds</strong><br />Several methods are available for the analysis of fibre in feeds. Crude Fibre (CF) is a traditional measure of fibre in feeds, with a focus on cellulose and lignin content. Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF) is today the most common measure of fibre in animal feeds. It measures the structural components i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, but not pectin.</p>\r\n<p>Since NDF measures more fibre components than CF, values for NDF in forages will be roughly twice as high as values for CF.</p>\r\n<p><strong>To calculate from CF to NDF, simple equations can be used:</strong></p>\r\n<table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"5\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>For fresh grass:</td>\r\n<td>NDF =</td>\r\n<td>1.14*CF + 260</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>For haylage:</td>\r\n<td>NDF =</td>\r\n<td>1.09*CF + 260</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>For hay:</td>\r\n<td>NDF =</td>\r\n<td>1.21*CF + 260</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>For grains:</td>\r\n<td>NDF =</td>\r\n<td>2,13*CF + 62</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Fibre in PC-Horse</strong><br />In PC-Horse, the fibre content of feeds is expressed as Crude Fibre (CF). This is mainly because the fibre in most compound feeds is given in terms of CF. In order to calculate the total amount of fibre in a ration, fibre in compound feeds and in forage have to be measured using the same units.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse sets the lower limit for crude fibre in the daily ration to 3 grams per kg body weight daily. The horse should preferably receive more than this and you will be warned if the fibre content of your rations is not high enough.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse will also give a warning if the roughage dry matter in rations is too low. It should always be higher than 1 kg roughage DM per 100 kg body weight and preferably around 1,5 kg.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-02-01 08:27:16',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-12-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,231,'','',1,1850,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3963,4689,'January 2016 - Fibre in horse feed','jan2016-eng','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>The horse is a grass-eating herbivore and its digestive system is adapted to rations that consist mainly of roughage, i.e. grasses and herbs, either fresh or as hay or haylage. Roughages are rich in fibre and the horse needs this fibre for both energy and as a structural component to ensure proper functioning of the digestive system. Fibre-rich diets require a long time for chewing, keeping the horse occupied and increasing the time needed to consume a meal. This is important for the horse\'s comfort and well-being, and leads to increased saliva production, which in turn helps reduce the risk of gastric ulcers.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/hayeatinghorse.jpg\" alt=\"hayeatinghorse\" style=\"display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;\" height=\"300\" width=\"300\" /><strong>Digestion of fibres</strong><br />In simple terms, we can divide the horse\'s digestive system into two parts. In the stomach and small intestine, which comes first, we find enzymes that digest starch, sugars, proteins and fat. Further on, in the caecum and colon, a rich population of microbes (i.e. protozoa, bacteria and yeast) helps to break down the fibre component into short-chain fatty acids that can be absorbed and utilized for energy.</p>\r\n<p>In horses on forage-rich diets, the acids produced from fibre meet a significant part of the energy needs. Although the cellulose in the fibre-fraction is composed of glucose molecules, microbial digestion transfers the glucose to short (volatile) fatty acids – which are subsequently absorbed. Consequently, the products of fibre digestion do not affect the horse\'s blood sugar concentration and insulin secretion.</p>\r\n<p><strong>The fibre content of forages</strong><br />This will vary widely between plant species, and from one stage of botanical development to another. When plants are harvested early in their growth, fibre content is lower, but the nutritional value of that fibre is at its highest. A later harvest will have a higher fibre content, but increased amounts of lignin present will cause a decrease in the nutritional value of the fibre. We must therefore consider what particular forage qualities will best suit different types of horses.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Analysing fibre content in horse feeds</strong><br />Several methods are available for the analysis of fibre in feeds. Crude Fibre (CF) is a traditional measure of fibre in feeds, with a focus on cellulose and lignin content. Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF) is today the most common measure of fibre in animal feeds. It measures the structural components i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, but not pectin.</p>\r\n<p>Since NDF measures more fibre components than CF, values for NDF in forages will be roughly twice as high as values for CF.</p>\r\n<p><strong>To calculate from CF to NDF, simple equations can be used:</strong></p>\r\n<table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"5\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>For fresh grass:</td>\r\n<td>NDF =</td>\r\n<td>1.14*CF + 260</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>For haylage:</td>\r\n<td>NDF =</td>\r\n<td>1.09*CF + 260</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>For hay:</td>\r\n<td>NDF =</td>\r\n<td>1.21*CF + 260</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>For grains:</td>\r\n<td>NDF =</td>\r\n<td>2,13*CF + 62</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n<p><strong>Fibre in PC-Horse</strong><br />In PC-Horse, the fibre content of feeds is expressed as Crude Fibre (CF). This is mainly because the fibre in most compound feeds is given in terms of CF. In order to calculate the total amount of fibre in a ration, fibre in compound feeds and in forage have to be measured using the same units.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse sets the lower limit for crude fibre in the daily ration to 3 grams per kg body weight daily. The horse should preferably receive more than this and you will be warned if the fibre content of your rations is not high enough.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse will also give a warning if the roughage dry matter in rations is too low. It should always be higher than 1 kg roughage DM per 100 kg body weight and preferably around 1,5 kg.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-03-16 14:54:10',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-12-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,211,'','',1,1732,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(3964,4690,'Januari 2016 - Fiberindhold i hestefoder','jan2016-da','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:poll-dk&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK&amp;Itemid=2670\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p><strong>Hesten er en græsæder og tarmsystemet er tilpasset en ration med meget grovfoder, det vil sige meget græs og urter enten friskt eller som hø eller wrap. Grovfoderr har et højt indhold af fiber og hesten har behov for meget fiber i rationen for at tarmsystemet kan fungere optimalt. Fiberrige fodertyper kræver meget tygning og fører derfor til at hesten bruker lang tid på at æde. Dette er viktigt for hestens velvære og trivsel og fører til øget produktion af spyt, hvilket kan være med til at reducere faren for mavesår.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/hayeatinghorse.jpg\" alt=\"hayeatinghorse\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Fordøjelse af fiber</strong><br />I hestens mave og tyndtarm finder vi enzymer som fordøjer stivelse, sukker, protein og fedt. Længere tilbage i blindtarm og tyktarm er der bakterier og gærceller som nedbryder de tungt fordøjelige fiber til korte flygtige fedtsyrer som så kan absorberes og udnyttes til energi. Hos heste som får meget grovfoderrige rationer vil en væsentlig del af energibehovet kunne dækkes gennem tarmmikrobernes nedbryding af fiber. Mikrobiel fordøjelse af fiber med produktion af korte flygtige fedtsyrer påvirker ikke hestens blodsukker og insulinproduktion. Grovfoderet er med sit høje fiberindhold derfor en viktig del af hestens foderration.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Fiberindhold i hestens foder</strong><br />Fiberindholdet i grovfoder kan variere meget ud fra planteart og botanisk udvikling. Når planterne bliver høstet tidligt er fiberindholdet ikke så højt, men næringsværdien er høj. Bliver plantene slået senere er fiberindholdet højere, men det øgede indhold af lignin gør at næringsværdien bliver reduceret. Til forskellige typer af heste må man derfor vurdere hvilke grovfoderkvaliteter som passer best.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Hvordan opgives foderets indhold af fiber</strong></p>\r\n<p>Det findes flere analysemetoder for fiber. Tradtionelt blev fiber i foder opgivet som træstof (CF) (eng. Crude Fibre, svensk; Växttråd) og dette omfatter stort set foderets indhold af cellulose og lignin. Neural opløselig fiber (NDF) (eng. Neutral Detergent Fibre) er i dag den mest almindelige enhed for fiber i dyrefoder og omfatter plantenes strukturelle komponenter som cellulose, hemicellulose og lignin, men ikke pektin.<br /><br />Siden analysen for NDF omfatter flere fiber komponenter end analysen for træstof vil værdiene af NDF i foderet være omtrent dobbelt så høje som værdierne for træstof.</p>\r\n<p><br /><strong>For at omregne mellem Træstof og NDF kan nogle enkle ligninger anvendes:</strong><br />For frisk græs: NDF = 1,14*Træstof + 260<br />For ensilage: NDF = 1,09*Træstof + 260<br />For hø: NDF = 1,21*Træstof + 260<br />For korn: NDF = 2,13*Træstof + 62</p>\r\n<p><strong>Fiber i PC-Horse</strong><br />I PC-Horse bliver fiberindholdet i foder og foderrationer opgivet som træstof. Dette er hovedsagligt fordi fiber i kraftfoderblandinger oftest deklareres som træstof. For at PC-Horse skal kunne beregne rationens totale fiberindhold skal fiber i grovfoder og kraftfoder opgives i samme enhed.<br /><br />PC-Horse angiver 3 gram træstof pr kg kropsvægt som laveste mængde i dagsrationen til heste. Det bedste er hvis fibermengden er højere end dette. Du vil få en advarsel hvis fiberindholdet i foderrationen bliver for lavt.<br /><br />PC-Horse vil også give en advarsel hvis den total mængde grovfoder (regnet som tørstof) i rationen bliver for lavt. Der skal alltid være mere end 1 kg grovfodertørstof pr 100 kg kropsvægt i rationen, og helst omkring 1,5 kg.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:poll-dk&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK&amp;Itemid=2670\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-02-01 08:25:58',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-12-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,187,'','',1,1817,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(3965,4698,'Installera nya programversioner','install-new-versions46','<p>För att få ditt pc-horseprogram att fungera som det ska behöver du två saker på din windowsdator:</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>En aktuell version av programmet</li>\r\n<li>En giltig licens som styr och aktiverar rätt version, språk och beräkningssystem</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p>Gör det till en god vana att med jämna mellanrum kolla om du har den senaste versionen av programmet.<br />Detta gör du genom att gå till vår hemsida - <a href=\"http://www.pc-horse.com\">http://www.pc-horse.com</a> där nerladdningen ligger på första sidan - eller också använder du dig av den här direktlänken: <a>http://download.pc-horse.com/install/46install.exe</a></p>\r\n<p>När du klickar på länken laddas det ner ett \"installationsprogram\" som leder dig igenom installationsprocessen steg för steg. Installationsprogrammet har en blå hästikon:</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon-blue.png\" alt=\"icon blue\" /></p>\r\n<p>Denna sparas i regel på din hårddisk under \"Hämtade filer\". Gör det till en annan god vana att inte spara gamla installerare. Vi jobbar ständigt på förbättringar och lägger ut nya installerare när vi släpper förbättrade versioner.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horseprogrammet känner du igen på att det har en \"orange hästikon\" som installerats i mappen \"Program eller Program 86x\":</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon-orange.png\" alt=\"icon orange\" /></p>\r\n<p>Licensen beställer och förnyar du inifrån programmet som talar om för dig om licensen gått ut - och hur många dagar du har kvar på din licenstid. Du hittar även uppgifterna under menyn \"Min Sida\".</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/46-images/46-177%20licenstid.jpg\" alt=\"46 177 licenstid\" /></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"top: 980px; left: 23px; display: none;\">Save</span></p>','',1,45,'2009-01-19 11:57:07',62,'','2018-05-16 13:46:01',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2009-01-19 11:57:07','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"1\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',6,39,'licens, licensbeställning, licenstid, foderstat, foderstatsprogram','En kopia på licenssträngen har samtidigt sänts till din epostadress. Spara den för ev.senare behov.\r\nOBS! Förvara din licens säkert. Licensen är personlig och missbruk är olagligt. Alla nedladdningar och uppdateringar kontrolleras. Om licensen används av annan än licensinnehavaren spärras licensen för vidare bruk.',1,240,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(3966,4699,'Ändringar i tidigare versioner av PC-Horse','news-sve','<p><strong><strong>Version 2.27 release i september 2015<br /><br /></strong></strong>1. Kan visa lokalt anpassade fodernamn, foderbeskrivning och hemsideslänk på importerade foder.<br />2. Uttrycker energi- och proteinvärden på importerade garantifoder i svenska enheter (Kontakta PC-Horse för detaljer)<br />3. Snabbstart kan väljas genom frånkoppling av PC-Horse Feed Center när programmet startas (Konsult- och Professional)</p>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.26 release i februar 2015<br /><br /></strong>1. PC-Horse kan nu göra egna foder och använda mallfoder även när programmet är i off-line läge (utan internet)<br />2. Ny funktion - grafisk kontroll med dagsgivans sammensättning (TS-kontroll) i hästskärmen.<br />3. Ny funktion för nerladdning av OpenSource foderlistor (Foder utan innehållsgaranti). Endast vissa länder.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.25 release i september 2014<br /><br /></strong>Uppdatering endast för MINI-användare. Fixat bug som hindrade lagring av eget foder. Dessutom korrigerat duplikathanteringen av egna foder samt gjort språkförbättringar i alla versioner.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.24 release i augusti 2014</strong></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Gränsvärdet för varning om för högt fettinnehåll i dagsgivan satt till 1.5 g/kg (från 1.0 g/kg)</li>\r\n<li>Rättat och förbättrat licenshanteringen. PC-Horse färdig för kampanj/rabatt-koder</li>\r\n<li>Fel vid ändring av näringsämnen i egna foder rättat (Miniversionen)</li>\r\n<li>Ny klickbox styr om ändring av ett eget foder i stallfoderlistan ska överföras till hästarna</li>\r\n<li>Förbättrat PC-Horse foderhantering då programmet ej har tillgång till internet</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.23 release i juli 2014</strong></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Mindre bugfix i fel vid inläsning av foderanalyser via XML-filer.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.22 release i juni 2014</strong></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Förbättrade valmöjligheter vid inläsning av foderanalyser via XML-filer.</li>\r\n<li>Förbättrat sökfunktionen för att hitta hästar och stall (Förenklar sökningen när man har många stall och många hästar i olika stall).</li>\r\n<li>Lagt till verktyget kampanjlicenser för nya användare. Syftet är att ge våra foderleverantörer en möjlighet att erbjuda sina återförsäljare och andra kundkategorier möjlighet att testa programmet.</li>\r\n<li>Möjlighet att konfigurera Proxy-inställningar när PC-Horse används innanför t.ex företagets brandmur.</li>\r\n<li>Vising av aktuella förbättringar i senaste versionen av PC-Horse (denna sida visas).</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.21 release i maj 2014</strong></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Nytt fönster som aviserar att det finns en ny programversion att ladda ner.</li>\r\n<li>Rättat bug i inläsningen av XML-fil för inläsning av foderanalys.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.20 release i april 2014</strong><br />Ny modell för hantering av foder i PC-Horse</p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Nedladdning av alla nya eller ändrade garantifoder från vår foderserver när programmet startas säkerställer att alla foder alltid har aktuella uppgifter från leverantörerna.</li>\r\n<li>«Foder Direkt» - en service som gör det möjligt att med ett klick ladda ner grovfoderanalyser från grovfoderproducenter som samarbetar med PC-Horse.</li>\r\n</ol>','',-2,14,'2013-05-12 16:25:02',62,'','2017-01-19 08:37:05',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2013-05-12 16:25:02','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,2,'PC-Horse updates, new in PC-Horse','We continnously do uppdates in our versions of PC-Horse.\r\nThis list will only be published in english.',1,1197,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(3967,4700,'Endringer i tidligere versjoner av PC-Horse','news-nb','<p><strong>Versjon 2.27 publisert i september 2015</strong></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Kan vise norsk fôrnavn, fôringsveiledning og hjemmeside på importerte fôr.</li>\r\n<li>Uttrykker energi- og proteinverdiene på importerte garantifôr i norske enheter (Kontakt PC-Horse for detaljer)</li>\r\n<li>Rask oppstart ved å droppe kontakten med PC-Horse Feed Center (Konsulent og Professional)</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p><strong>Versjon 2.26 publisert i Februar 2015<br /></strong></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>PC-Horse kan nå opprette nye fôr og bruke templatefôr også når internett ikke er tilgjengelig (bugfix)</li>\r\n<li>Ny grafisk kontroll med rasjonens sammensetning (Tørrstoff-kontroll) i hesteskjermen</li>\r\n<li>Ny nedlasting av OpenSource forlister (Fôr uten innholdsgaranti) i noen land.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p><strong>Versjon 2.25 publisert i september 2014</strong></p>\r\n<ol>Oppdatering nødvendig for MINI-versjonen (Fjernet bug som hindret lagring av egne for). I tillegg rettet duplikathåndtering av egne fôr og forbedret språk i alle versjoner</ol>\r\n<p><strong>Versjon 2.24 publisert i august 2014</strong></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Grensen for advarsel om for høyt fettinnhold i rasjonen satt til 1.5 g/kg (fra 1.0 g/kg)</li>\r\n<li>Rettet og forbedret lisenshåndtering. PC-Horse klargjort for kampanjekoder</li>\r\n<li>Feil ved endring av næringsstoffverdier i egne fôr (MINI versjonen) rettet</li>\r\n<li>Ny sjekkboks styrer om endring av egne fôr i stallforliste skal overføres til hestene</li>\r\nDirekte nedlasting av XML-filer aktivert i STANDARD versjonenForbedret PC-Horse fôrhåndtering når programmet ikke har tilgang til internett</ol>\r\n<p><strong>Versjon 2.23 publisert i juli 2014</strong></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Rettet feil i innlesing av XML analysefiler</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p><strong>Versjon 2.22 publisert i juni 2014</strong></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Forbedret valgmuligheter ved innlesing av fôranalyser gjennom XML-filer</li>\r\n<li>Forbedret søkehjelpen for å finne hester og staller (Aktuelt når man har mange staller og mange hester pr. stall)</li>\r\n<li>Tillagt mulighet for å bruke kampanjekoder ved anskaffelse av PC-Horse lisensen. Eksempler på bruk er fôrfirmaer som vil gi sine forhandlere mulighet til å teste PC-Horse, studenter som ønsker å bruke PC-Horse på egne PC-er osv.</li>\r\n<li>Mulighet til å konfigurere Proxy-innstillinger når PC-Horse brukes innnenfor en firma-brannmur.</li>\r\n<li>Vising av aktuelle forbedringer i siste versjon av PC-Horse (Denne siden)</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p><strong>Versjon 2.21 publisert i mai 2014</strong></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Nytt vindu som varsler at det kan lastes ned en nyere versjon av programmet</li>\r\n<li>Rettet bug i innlesing av XML-fil for fôranalyser</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p><strong>Versjon 2.20 publisert i april 2014</strong><br />Ny modell for håndtering av fôrene i PC-Horse</p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Nedlasting av alle nye eller endrede garantifôr fra vår server ved programstart sikrer at næringsstoffsammensetningen i fôrene er oppdatert.</li>\r\n<li>«Feed direct» - en service for å hente fôranalyser fra grovfôrprodusenter som samarbeider med PC-Horse</li>\r\n</ol>','',1,14,'2013-05-12 16:25:02',62,'','2017-01-19 08:36:44',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2013-05-12 16:25:02','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,1,'pc-horse versjoner','Installer alltid nyeste versjon. I tillegg til de endringer som er nevnt nedenfor, retter og forbedrer PC-Horse teamet løpende rapporterte feil og ønsker.',1,2816,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(3968,4701,'Ændringer i tidligere versioner af PC Horse','news-dk','<p><strong>Versjon 2.27 publisert i September 2015</strong></p>\r\n<p>1. Kan vise lokalt tilpasset fodernavn, foderbeskrivning og hjemmesidelinks på importeret foder.<br />2. Udtrykker energi- og proteinværdier på importeret garantifoder i danske enheder (Kontakt PC-Horse for detaljer)<br />3. Hurtigstart kan vælges ved frakopling af PC-Horse Feed Center når programmet startes (Konsult- og Professionel)</p>\r\n<p><strong>Versjon 2.26 publisert i Februar 2015</strong><br />1. PC-Horse kan nå opprette nye fôr og bruke templatefôr også når internett ikkee r tilgjengelig (bug).<br />2. Ny grafisk kontroll med rasjonens sammensetning (Tørrstoff-kontroll) i hesteskjermen.<br />3. Ny nedlasting av OpenSource forlister (Fôr uten innholdsgaranti) i noen land.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.25 publisert i september 2014</strong><br />1. Oppdatering nødvendig for MINI-versionen (Fjernet bug som hindret lagring av egne foder). I tillegg rettet duplikathåndtering av egne foder og forbedret sprog i alle versioner.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.24 publiseret i august 2014</strong></p>\r\n<p>1. Grænsen for advarsel om for højt fedtindhold i rationen er nu sat til 1.5 g/kg (fra 1.0 g/kg)<br />2. Rettet og forbedret licenshåndtering. PC-Horse er gjort klar for kampangekoder<br />3. Fejl ved ændring af næringsstofværdier i eget foder (MINI versionen) rettet<br />4. Ny tjekboks styrer om ændring af eget foder i staldfoderlisten skal overføres til hestene<br />5. Forbedret PC-Horse foderhåndtering når programmet ikke har tilgang til internett</p>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.22 publiceret i juni 2014</strong></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Forbedrede valgmuligheter ved indlæsning af foderanalyser gennem XML-filer</li>\r\n<li>Forbedret søgehjælp til at finde heste og stalde (Aktuelt når man har mange stalde og mange heste pr. stald)</li>\r\n<li>Tillige mulighed for at bruge kampangekoder ved anskaffelse af PC-Horse licensen. Eksempler på brug er foderrfirmaer som vil give sine forhandlere mulighed for at teste PC-Horse, studenter som ønsker at bruge PC-Horse på egne PC-er osv.</li>\r\n<li>Mulighed til at konfigurere Proxy-indstillinger når PC-Horse bruges indenfor en firma-brandmur.</li>\r\n<li>Vising af aktuelle forbedringer i sidste version af PC-Horse (Denne side)</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.21 publiceret i maj 2014</strong></p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Nyt vindue som varsler at der kan lastes en nyere version af programmet ned</li>\r\n<li>Rettet fejl i indlæsing af XML-fil for foderanalyser</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<p><strong>Version 2.20 publiceret i april 2014</strong></p>\r\n<p>Ny model for håndtering af foderemner i PC-Horse</p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>Downloadning af alle nye eller ændrede garantifoder fra vores server ved program start sikrer at næringsstofsammensætningen i foderet er opdateret.</li>\r\n<li>«Feed direct» - en service til at hente foderanalyser fra grovfoderproducenter som samarbejder med PC-Horse</li>\r\n</ol>','',1,14,'2013-05-12 16:25:02',62,'','2017-01-19 08:36:22',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2013-05-12 16:25:02','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,0,'PC-Horse updates, new in PC-Horse','Instaler altid nyeste version. I tillæg til de ændringer som er nævnt nedenfor, retter og forbedrer PC-Horse teamet løbende rapporterede fejl og ønsker.',1,2683,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(3969,4702,'Februari 2016 - Fôring av hester i vinterkulde','feb2016-nb','<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p>Vinterkulde påvirker hestens næringsbehov og da spesielt energibehovet. Det ideelle for hesten er at den får tid til gradvis å tilpasse seg lave utetemperaturer. En slik akklimatisering innebærer at hesten får en tykkere vinterpels, legger på seg og kommer i godt hold så den har et ekstra isolerende fettlag. Dersom hesten i tillegg til dette har mulighet til å søke ly for vind og nedbør (regn/snø) kan den være ute i kalde perioder uten å ha på vinterdekken. Her må vi imidlertid alltid huske at rett fôring og fri tilgang til temperert vann er en forutsetning.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/vinterston.jpg\" alt=\"vinterston\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Hvordan reagerer hesten på kulde?</strong><br />Hesten reagerer på kulde på flere måter. Atferdsmessig vil den gjerne snu seg og sette halen mot vinden, søke sammen med andre og oppsøke skjul der den er i beskyttet mot vind og nedbør. Den vil også øke etetiden og spise mere. Dersom temperaturen faller under det som kalles «lavere kritisk temperatur», ofte forkortet LCT (lower critical temperature), må den aktivere metabolske og fysiologiske reaksjoner og produsere mer varme for å kunne opprettholde normal kroppstemperatur.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Lavere kritisk temperatur (LCT)</strong><br />Lavere kritisk temperatur er definert som den omgivelsestemperaturen der hesten må øke stoffskiftet og derved produsere mer varme for å opprettholde normal kroppstemperatur. Hva som er den individuelle LCT for en hest under gitte forhold vil påvirkes også av vind, nedbør (regn eller snø), relativ luftfuktighet, akklimatisering, hold (fet/tynn) og tykkelse på vinterpelsen. I tillegg tåler unghester mindre kulde enn voksne hester.<br />Det finnes mange tabeller som viser LCT for ulike typer hester. Dersom voksne hester kan søke ly for vind og nedbør vil de etter gradvis tilvenning (akklimatisering) være komfortable ved temperaturer ned til -15 oC eller lavere. For unghester vil tilsvarende temperaturer ligge i området 0 til -10 oC.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Produksjon av kroppsvarme</strong><br />Kroppen produserer varme ved muskelsammentrekkinger (skjelving eller frivillig fysisk aktivitet) og ved at de fleste kjemiske reaksjoner i kroppen produserer varme. I hestens baktarm (blindtarm og tykktarm) fører tarmmikrobenes fordøyelse av fiber fra fôret til at det produseres mye varme. Derfor vil både mengde fôr og type fôr påvirke hvor mye varme som produseres ved fordøyelsen.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Grovfôr</strong><br />For å øke produksjonen av kroppsvarme i kalde perioder er det mest effektivt å øke mengdene grovfôr i hestens rasjon, da grovfôrets høge fiberinnhold stimulerer den mikrobielle fordøyelsen i baktarmen, og dermed øker varmeproduksjonen. Fordøyelse av kraftfôr fører til vesentlig mindre varmeproduksjon. Som en konsekvens av dette blir det oftest gitt råd om å gi fri tilgang på grovfôr til hester som skal være ute i kulde. Så lenge hestene ikke blir for feite ved slik fôring er dette en god og sikker fôringspraksis.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Vann</strong><br />I kaldt være kan hestenes vanninntak bli for lite. Dette fører til at de spiser mindre og at faren for kolikk øker. Det må derfor på det sterkeste rådes til at hestene alltid blir gitt fri tilgang til friskt temperert vann (7 til 10 oC eller varmere). <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"no\"><span class=\"hps\">Det kan</span> <span class=\"hps\">være en god</span> <span class=\"hps\">idé å få</span> <span class=\"hps\">oppvarmede</span> <span class=\"hps\">vannbeholdere</span> <span class=\"hps\">som det finnes flere</span> <span class=\"hps\">merker på markedet</span> <span class=\"hps\">å velge mellom.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><img style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" alt=\"termobar\" src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/termobar.jpg\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />Når du setter opp hestens rasjon ved hjelp av PC-Horse programmet vil du alltid ha kontroll med mengden grovfôr i rasjonen. Dermed kan du øke grovfôrmengdene optimalt når det er behov for dette.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;<em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /><em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /><em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-03-01 08:13:53',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-01-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',7,323,'','',1,1729,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(3970,4703,'Febuari 2016 - Hästar i vinterkyla','feb2016-sv','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3879:vill-du-kommentera-var-manadsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=sv-SE\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p>Vinterkyla påverkar hästens näringsbehov, speciellt energibehovet. Det ideala för hästen är att den ges tid att gradvis anpassa sig till låga utomhustemperaturer. En sådan acklimatisering innebär att hästen sätter en tjockare vinterpäls och lägger på hullet så att den får ett extra isolerande fettskikt. Om hästen dessutom har möjlighet att söka lä för vind och nederbörd (regn/snö) så kan den stanna ute under kalla perioder utan att bära vintrertäcke. I detta fall måste vi emellertid alltid komma ihåg att rätt utfodring och fri tillgång till tempererat vatten är en förutsättning.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/vinterston.jpg\" alt=\"vinterston\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Hur reagerar hästar på kyla?</strong><br />Hästen reagerar på kyla på flera sätt. Beteendemässigt vill den gärna vända sig bort från vinden, söka sig samman med andra hästar och och uppsöka platser där den kan finna skydd mot vind och nederbörd. Den ökar också ättiden och äter mer. Om temperaturen faller under det som kallas \"lägre kritisk temperatur\", ofta förkortat LCT (lower critical temperature), kommer den att aktivera metaboliska och fysikaliska reaktioner som producerar värme för att den ska kunna upprätthålla sin normala kroppstemperatur.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Lägre kritisk temperatur (LCT)</strong><br />Lägre kritisk temperatur definieras som den omgivningstemperatur där hästen måste öka näringsutbytet och därvid producera mer värme (för att bibehålla normal kroppstemperatur). Vad som är den individuella LCT för en häst vid ett givet tillfälle påverkas dessutom av vindförhållanden, nederbörd, relativ luftfuktighet, förmåga till acklimatisering, hull och tjockleken på vinterpälsen. Utöver detta så tål unghästar mindre kyla än vuxna hästar.<br />Det finns många tabeller som visar LCT för olika typer av hästar. Om vuxna hästar kan söka lä för vind och nedeerbörd kommer de, efter gradvis tillvänjning (acklimatisering), känna sig komfortabla vid temperaturer ner till -15 oC eller lägre. För unghästar kommer motsvarande temperaturer att ligga inom området 0 til -10 oC.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Produktion av kroppsvärme</strong><br />Hästar producerar värme genom muskelsammandragningar (skakning eller annan fysisk aktivitet) eller genom att de flesta kemiska reaktioner i hästen producerar värme.I hästens ändtarm (blindtarm och tjocktarm) leder tarmmikrobernas förbränning av fibrer i fodret till produktion av avsevärd värme. Därför påverkar både mängden, och typen, av foder till hur mycket värme som alstras vid matsmältningen.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Grovfoder</strong><br />För att öka produktionen av kroppsvärme under kalla dagar är det mest effektivt att öka mängden grovfoder i hästens ranson. Grovfodrets höga fiberinnehåll stimulerar den mikrobiella förbränningen i ändtarmen, vilket som sagt leder till ökad värmeproduktion. Förbränning av kraftfoder ger betydligt mindre värmeproduktion. Som en konsekvens av detta ger man ofta rådet att erbjuda hästar som går ute i kyla \"fri tillgång till grovfoder\". Så länge som hästarna inte blir uppenbart för feta vid denna typ av utfodring så är det en god och säker praxis.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Vatten<br /></strong>När det är kallt kan hästarnas vattenintag bli för litet. Risken är då att de äter mindre och att faran för kolik ökar.Vi rekommenderar därför å det kraftigaste att hästarna alltid har fri tillgång till friskt och tempererat vatten (7 till 10 oC eller varmare). Det kan vara en god idé att skaffa uppvärmda vattenkärl som det finns flera fabrikat på marknaden att välja mellan.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/termobar.jpg\" alt=\"termobar\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />När du gör en foderstat och sätter upp en dagsgiva med PC-Horse får du alltid en extra kontroll på mängden grovfoder i dagsransonen. Därmed kan du enkelt öka grovfodermängden optimalt när det finns behov för detta.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3879:feedback-pa-var-manadsartikel&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=sv-SE\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kommentera gärna denna artikel.</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-03-01 08:13:53',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-01-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',9,295,'','',1,1668,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'sv-SE',''),(3971,4704,'Februari 2016 - Fodring af heste i vinterkulden','feb2016-da','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:poll-dk&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK&amp;Itemid=2670\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p>Lave temperaturer om vinteren påvirker hestens næringsbehov og specielt energibehovet. Det ideelle for hesten er at den får tid til gradvist at tilpasse sig til de lave udetemperaturer. En sådan klimatisering indebærer at hesten får en tykkere vinterpels, tager lidt på i vægt og kommer i godt huld så den har et ekstra isolerende fedtlag. Hvis hesten yderligere har mulighed for at søge læ for vind og nedbør (regn/sne) kan den være ude i kolde perioder uden at have vinterdækken på. Her skal vi imidlertid alltid huske at rigtig fodring og fri tilgang til tempereret vand er en nødvendig forudsætning.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/vinterston.jpg\" alt=\"vinterston\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Hvordan reagerer hesten på kulde?</strong><br />Hesten reagerer på kulde på flere måder. Adfærdsmæssigt vil den gerne sætte halenop mod vinden, søge sammen med andre og opsøge læ hvor den er i beskyttet mod vind og nedbør. Den vil også øge ædetiden og spise mere. Hvis temperaturen falder under det som kaldes «lavere kritisk temperatur», ofte forkortet LCT (lower critical temperature)vil det aktivere metabolske og fysiologiske reaktioner og producere mere varme for at kunne opretholde normal kropstemperatur.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Lavere kritisk temperatur (LCT)</strong><br />Lavere kritisk temperatur er defineret som den temperaturen hvor hesten må øge stofskiftet og derved producere mere varme for at opretholde en normal kropstemperatur. Hvad der er den individuelle LCT for en hest under de givne forhold vil påvirkes også af vind, nedbør (regn eller sne), relativ luftfugtighed, afklimatisering, huld (fed/tynd) og tykkelse på vinterpelsen. Yderligere tåler ungheste mindre kulde end voksne heste.<br />Der findes mange tabeller som viser LCT for forskellige typer af heste. Hvis voksne heste kan søge ly for vind og nedbør vil de efter gradvis tilvænding (afklimatisering) være komfortable ved temperaturer ned til -15 oC eller lavere. For ungheste vil tilsvarende temperaturer ligge i området 0 til -10 oC.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Produktion af kropsvarme</strong><br />Kroppen producerer varme ved muskelsammentrækninger og ved at de fleste kemiske reaktioner i kroppen producerer varme. I hestens bagtarm (blindtarm og tyktarm) betyder tarmmikrobernes fordøjelse af fiber fra foderet at der produceres meget varme. Derfor vil både mængde foder og type foder påvirke hvor meget varme som produceres ved fordøjelsesprocesserne.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Grovfoder</strong><br />For at øge produktionen af kropsvarme i kolde perioder er det mest effektivt at øge mængderne af grovfoder i hestens ration, da grovfoderets høje fiberindhold stimulerer den mikrobielle fordøjelse i bagtarmen, og dermed øger varmeproduktionen. Fordøjelse af kraftfoder fører til væsentlig mindre varmeproduktion. Som en konsekvens af dette bliver der oftest anbefalet at give fri tilgang af grovfoder til heste som skal være ude i kulden. Så længe hestene ikke bliver for fede ved sådan en fodring er dette en god og sikker fodringspraksis.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/termobar.jpg\" alt=\"termobar\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Vand</strong><br />I koldt vejr kan hestenes vandindtag blive for småt. Dette fører til at de æder mindre og at faren for kolik øges. Det skal derfor på kraftigste tilrådes at hestene altid bliver givet fri adgang til friskt tempereret vand (7 til 10 oC eller varmere).</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />Når du sammensætter hestens foderration ved hjælp av PC-Horse programmet vil du alltid have kontrol med mængden af grovoder i rationen . Dermed kan du øge grovfodermængdene optimalt når der er behov for det.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3881:poll-dk&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=da-DK&amp;Itemid=2670\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"da\"><span class=\"hps\">Venligst</span> <span class=\"hps\">kommentere denne artikel</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-03-01 08:13:53',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-01-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,276,'','',1,1645,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'da-DK',''),(3972,4705,'February 2016 - Feeding horses under cold conditions','feb2016-eng','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>Cold winter periods affect the nutritional requirements of the horse, and especially the energy requirement. The ideal situation for the horse is to have time to adapt gradually to cold ambient temperatures. This period of acclimatization allows for the growth of a thick winter coat and a reasonable cover of fat. In addition, if the horse can access shelter from wind and rain/snow, it may remain comfortable outdoors during cold periods without having to wear rugs. However, proper feeding and access to temperate water is mandatory in this situation.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/vinterston.jpg\" alt=\"vinterston\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Responses to cold conditions.<br /></strong>The horse responds to cold conditions in several ways. Typical behavioral responses include turning their tails against the weather, gathering together in groups, and seeking out any kind of shelter. They also increase their feed intake and eating time. When the temperature falls below what is called the Lower Critical Temperature (LCT), metabolical and physiological responses are triggered that produce the extra heat needed to maintain normal body temperature.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Lower Critical Temperature (LCT).<br /></strong>The LCT is defined as the ambient temperature at or below which the horse increases its metabolic rate to produce more heat in order to maintain normal body core temperature. A horse’s individual LTC under given conditions will also be influenced by wind chill, precipitation (rain or melting snow), relative humidity, acclimatization, body condition (fat/thin) and density of hair coat. In addition, young horses are less cold tolerant than mature horses.</p>\r\n<p>There are many tables presenting LCT values for different types of horses. If offered shelter from wind and precipitation, acclimatized adult horses can be comfortable in temperatures down to -15 <sup>o</sup>C or even lower. For young horses the LCT is typically in the range 0 to -10 <sup>o</sup>C.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Heat production<br /></strong>Heat is produced by muscle contractions (shivering or voluntary physical activity), and in most chemical reactions. In the hind-gut (caecum and colon), the microbial fermentation of fibrous feeds produces a lot of heat. Consequently, feed intake and type of feed will also influence the body’s heat production.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Roughage<br /></strong>The most efficient way of increasing the production of heat during cold periods is to increase the amount of roughage in the rations, as the high fibre content will stimulate microbial fermentation in the hind-gut and hence help increase heat production. Digestion of concentrate feeds produces far less heat compared to roughages. Consequently, it is often advised to let horses have free access to roughage when kept outdoors during winter. As long as the horses do not grow too fat, this is regarded as a well-documented feeding practice.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Water<br /></strong>Under cold conditions, water intake can fall too low. This can decrease feed intake and increase the risk of colic. It is therefore strongly advised to provide horses with constant access to temperate water (at least 7 to 10 <sup>o</sup>C). <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">It</span> <span class=\"hps\">may be a good</span> <span class=\"hps\">idea to get</span> <span class=\"hps\">heated</span> <span class=\"hps\">water</span> <span class=\"hps\">containers</span> <span class=\"hps\">as there are several</span> <span class=\"hps\">brands on the market</span> <span class=\"hps\">to choose from</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/termobar.jpg\" alt=\"termobar\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>When using PC-Horse to compose your rations, you will always be in control of the amount of roughage in the rations and be able to optimize roughage content when needed.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-03-16 14:54:10',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-01-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,257,'','',1,1525,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'en-GB',''),(3973,4706,'February 2016 - Feeding horses under cold conditions','feb2016-nl','<p><strong>Cold winter periods affect the nutritional requirements of the horse, and especially the energy requirement. The ideal situation for the horse is to have time to adapt gradually to cold ambient temperatures. This period of acclimatization allows for the growth of a thick winter coat and a reasonable cover of fat. In addition, if the horse can access shelter from wind and rain/snow, it may remain comfortable outdoors during cold periods without having to wear rugs. However, proper feeding and access to temperate water is mandatory in this situation.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/vinterston.jpg\" alt=\"vinterston\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Responses to cold conditions.<br /></strong>The horse responds to cold conditions in several ways. Typical behavioral responses include turning their tails against the weather, gathering together in groups, and seeking out any kind of shelter. They also increase their feed intake and eating time. When the temperature falls below what is called the Lower Critical Temperature (LCT), metabolical and physiological responses are triggered that produce the extra heat needed to maintain normal body temperature.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Lower Critical Temperature (LCT).<br /></strong>The LCT is defined as the ambient temperature at or below which the horse increases its metabolic rate to produce more heat in order to maintain normal body core temperature. A horse’s individual LTC under given conditions will also be influenced by wind chill, precipitation (rain or melting snow), relative humidity, acclimatization, body condition (fat/thin) and density of hair coat. In addition, young horses are less cold tolerant than mature horses.</p>\r\n<p>There are many tables presenting LCT values for different types of horses. If offered shelter from wind and precipitation, acclimatized adult horses can be comfortable in temperatures down to -15 <sup>o</sup>C or even lower. For young horses the LCT is typically in the range 0 to -10 <sup>o</sup>C.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Heat production<br /></strong>Heat is produced by muscle contractions (shivering or voluntary physical activity), and in most chemical reactions. In the hind-gut (caecum and colon), the microbial fermentation of fibrous feeds produces a lot of heat. Consequently, feed intake and type of feed will also influence the body’s heat production.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Roughage<br /></strong>The most efficient way of increasing the production of heat during cold periods is to increase the amount of roughage in the rations, as the high fibre content will stimulate microbial fermentation in the hind-gut and hence help increase heat production. Digestion of concentrate feeds produces far less heat compared to roughages. Consequently, it is often advised to let horses have free access to roughage when kept outdoors during winter. As long as the horses do not grow too fat, this is regarded as a well-documented feeding practice.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Water<br /></strong>Under cold conditions, water intake can fall too low. This can decrease feed intake and increase the risk of colic. It is therefore strongly advised to provide horses with constant access to temperate water (at least 7 to 10 <sup>o</sup>C). <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">It</span> <span class=\"hps\">may be a good</span> <span class=\"hps\">idea to get</span> <span class=\"hps\">heated</span> <span class=\"hps\">water</span> <span class=\"hps\">containers</span> <span class=\"hps\">as there are several</span> <span class=\"hps\">brands on the market</span> <span class=\"hps\">to choose from</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/termobar.jpg\" alt=\"termobar\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>When using PC-Horse to compose your rations, you will always be in control of the amount of roughage in the rations and be able to optimize roughage content when needed.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-03-01 08:13:53',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-01-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,230,'','',1,1184,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nl-NL',''),(3974,4707,'Février 2016 - Nourrir les chevaux pendant des conditions froides','feb2016-fra','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Commenter cet </span><span class=\"hps\">article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p><strong>Les périodes froides de l\'hiver affectent les besoins nutritionnels du cheval, et en particulier le besoin en énergie. La situation idéale pour le cheval est d\'avoir le temps de s\'adapter progressivement à des températures ambiantes froides. Cette période d\'acclimatation permet la croissance d\'un épais pelage d\'hiver et une couverture raisonnable de graisse. En outre, si le cheval peut accéder à un abri pour se protèger du vent et de la pluie / neige, il peut rester à l\'extérieur sans souci pendant les périodes de froid sans avoir à porter de couverture. Cependant, une alimentation appropriée et un accès à l\'eau tempérée sont obligatoires dans cette situation.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/vinterston.jpg\" alt=\"vinterston\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Les réponses aux conditions froides</strong><br />Le cheval répond aux conditions froides de plusieurs façons. Les réponses comportementales typiques incluent notamment de se tourner dos aux intempéries, se rassembler en groupes et rechercher tout type d’abris. Ils augmentent également leur consommation de fourrage et le temps passé à manger. Lorsque la température descend en dessous de ce qu\'on appelle la Température Basse Critique (TBC), les réponses métaboliques et physiologiques sont déclenchées pour produire la chaleur supplémentaire nécessaire à maintenir la température normale du corps.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Température Basse Critique (TBC)</strong><br />La TBC est définie comme la température ambiante à laquelle ou en dessous de laquelle le cheval augmente son métabolisme de base pour produire plus de chaleur afin de maintenir une température corporelle centrale normale. Chaque cheval lors de période de TBC dans des conditions données, sera également influencé par le vent froid, les précipitations (pluie ou neige fondante), l\'humidité relative, l\'acclimatation, la condition corporelle (gras / mince) et la densité du pelage. En outre, les jeunes chevaux sont moins tolérants au froid que les chevaux adultes.<br />Il y a beaucoup de tableaux présentant des valeurs de la TBC pour différents types de chevaux. S’ils ont la possibilité d’un abri contre le vent et les précipitations, les chevaux adultes acclimatés peuvent être à l\'aise dans des températures jusqu\'à -15 ° C ou même plus bas. Pour les jeunes chevaux la TBC est typiquement comprise entre 0 à -10°C.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Production de chaleur</strong><br />La chaleur est produite par des contractions musculaires (par des frissons ou par l\'activité physique volontaire), et par la plupart des réactions chimiques. Dans le gros intestin (caecum et côlon), la fermentation microbienne des aliments fibreux produit beaucoup de chaleur. Par conséquent, la prise alimentaire et le type d\'aliments influeront également sur la production de chaleur corporelle.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Fourrage</strong><br />La façon la plus efficace d\'augmenter la production de chaleur pendant les périodes froides est d\'augmenter la quantité de fourrage dans les rations, car la teneur élevée en fibres va stimuler la fermentation microbienne dans le gros intestin et donc aider à augmenter la production de chaleur. La digestion des aliments concentrés produit beaucoup moins de chaleur par rapport aux fourrages. Par conséquent, il est souvent conseillé de laisser les chevaux avoir un libre accès au fourrage lorsqu\'ils sont maintenus à l\'extérieur pendant l\'hiver. Tant que les chevaux ne deviennent pas trop gras, ceci est considéré comme une pratique d\'alimentation bien documentée.</p>\r\n<p><strong>L’eau</strong><br />Durant les conditions froides, le niveau de consommation d\'eau peut tomber trop bas. Ceci peut avoir pour conséquence de diminuer la prise alimentaire et d’augmenter le risque de coliques. Il est donc fortement conseillé de fournir aux chevaux un accès constant à de l\'eau tempérée (au moins 7 à 10°C).</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/termobar.jpg\" alt=\"termobar\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />Lorsque vous utilisez PC-Horse pour établir vos rations, vous pourrez toujours contrôler les quantités de fourrage dans les rations et serez capable d’optimiser le contenu en fourrage en cas de besoin.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"> Commenter l\'</span><span class=\"hps\">article</span></span></strong></span></a><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>Cet article a été écrit par Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norvège 2015</em><br /> <em><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"hps\">Sentez-vous</span> <span class=\"hps\">libre d\'utiliser et</span> <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">publier cet article</span>. <span class=\"hps alt-edited\">Merci d\'</span> <span class=\"hps\">indiquer la</span> <span class=\"hps\">source et l\'auteur</span><span class=\"\">.</span></span></em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-03-01 08:13:53',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-01-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,206,'','',1,1356,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'fr-FR',''),(3975,4708,'February 2016 - Feeding horses under cold conditons','feb2016-de','<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong>Cold winter periods affect the nutritional requirements of the horse, and especially the energy requirement. The ideal situation for the horse is to have time to adapt gradually to cold ambient temperatures. This period of acclimatization allows for the growth of a thick winter coat and a reasonable cover of fat. In addition, if the horse can access shelter from wind and rain/snow, it may remain comfortable outdoors during cold periods without having to wear rugs. However, proper feeding and access to temperate water is mandatory in this situation.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/vinterston.jpg\" alt=\"vinterston\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Responses to cold conditions.<br /></strong>The horse responds to cold conditions in several ways. Typical behavioral responses include turning their tails against the weather, gathering together in groups, and seeking out any kind of shelter. They also increase their feed intake and eating time. When the temperature falls below what is called the Lower Critical Temperature (LCT), metabolical and physiological responses are triggered that produce the extra heat needed to maintain normal body temperature.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Lower Critical Temperature (LCT).<br /></strong>The LCT is defined as the ambient temperature at or below which the horse increases its metabolic rate to produce more heat in order to maintain normal body core temperature. A horse’s individual LTC under given conditions will also be influenced by wind chill, precipitation (rain or melting snow), relative humidity, acclimatization, body condition (fat/thin) and density of hair coat. In addition, young horses are less cold tolerant than mature horses.</p>\r\n<p>There are many tables presenting LCT values for different types of horses. If offered shelter from wind and precipitation, acclimatized adult horses can be comfortable in temperatures down to -15 <sup>o</sup>C or even lower. For young horses the LCT is typically in the range 0 to -10 <sup>o</sup>C.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Heat production<br /></strong>Heat is produced by muscle contractions (shivering or voluntary physical activity), and in most chemical reactions. In the hind-gut (caecum and colon), the microbial fermentation of fibrous feeds produces a lot of heat. Consequently, feed intake and type of feed will also influence the body’s heat production.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Roughage<br /></strong>The most efficient way of increasing the production of heat during cold periods is to increase the amount of roughage in the rations, as the high fibre content will stimulate microbial fermentation in the hind-gut and hence help increase heat production. Digestion of concentrate feeds produces far less heat compared to roughages. Consequently, it is often advised to let horses have free access to roughage when kept outdoors during winter. As long as the horses do not grow too fat, this is regarded as a well-documented feeding practice.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Water<br /></strong>Under cold conditions, water intake can fall too low. This can decrease feed intake and increase the risk of colic. It is therefore strongly advised to provide horses with constant access to temperate water (at least 7 to 10 <sup>o</sup>C). <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">It</span> <span class=\"hps\">may be a good</span> <span class=\"hps\">idea to get</span> <span class=\"hps\">heated</span> <span class=\"hps\">water</span> <span class=\"hps\">containers</span> <span class=\"hps\">as there are several</span> <span class=\"hps\">brands on the market</span> <span class=\"hps\">to choose from</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/termobar.jpg\" alt=\"termobar\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse<br /></strong>When using PC-Horse to compose your rations, you will always be in control of the amount of roughage in the rations and be able to optimize roughage content when needed.</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span><span class=\"hps\"> <br /></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><a marked=\"1\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3886:would-you-like-to-comment-on-our-articles&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=en-GB\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Please comment on</span> <span class=\"hps\">this article</span></span></strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt; text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\"></span></span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /> <em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /> <em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-03-01 08:13:53',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-01-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',2,171,'','',1,1408,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'de-DE',''),(3976,4709,'Bra foderbutiker räknar pålitliga foderstater','bra-foderbutiker-raknar-palitliga-foderstater','<table border=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%;\" cellspacing=\"20\" cellpadding=\"10\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><br />&nbsp;<img src=\"images-joomla/stories/46-images/46ambassadorsigill.png\" alt=\"46ambassadorsigill\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" /></td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>Allt fler foderbutiker satsar på professionell rådgivning. De lyssnar på sina kunder och ser dina hästaras behov som utgångspunkt för att göra foderstater som gör skillnad.</p>\r\n<p>När Du ser det här märket på deras hemsida kan du lita på att din häst kommer att få utfodringsråd som bygger på korrekt underlag.</p>\r\n<p>Vi betraktar dem som ambassadörer för god foderrådgivning.<br /><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3073&amp;Itemid=2879&amp;lang=sv\">Klicka här</a> och se om Din foderbutik är med på listan.</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>','',0,105,'2015-01-30 12:09:56',10,'','2016-02-21 11:14:17',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2015-01-30 12:13:24','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',4,0,'','',1,0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',1,'sv-SE',''),(3977,4710,'Februari 2016 - Fôring av hester i vinterkulde (2)','feb2016-nb-2','<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p>Vinterkulde påvirker hestens næringsbehov og da spesielt energibehovet. Det ideelle for hesten er at den får tid til gradvis å tilpasse seg lave utetemperaturer. En slik akklimatisering innebærer at hesten får en tykkere vinterpels, legger på seg og kommer i godt hold så den har et ekstra isolerende fettlag. Dersom hesten i tillegg til dette har mulighet til å søke ly for vind og nedbør (regn/snø) kan den være ute i kalde perioder uten å ha på vinterdekken. Her må vi imidlertid alltid huske at rett fôring og fri tilgang til temperert vann er en forutsetning.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/vinterston.jpg\" alt=\"vinterston\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Hvordan reagerer hesten på kulde?</strong><br />Hesten reagerer på kulde på flere måter. Atferdsmessig vil den gjerne snu seg og sette halen mot vinden, søke sammen med andre og oppsøke skjul der den er i beskyttet mot vind og nedbør. Den vil også øke etetiden og spise mere. Dersom temperaturen faller under det som kalles «lavere kritisk temperatur», ofte forkortet LCT (lower critical temperature), må den aktivere metabolske og fysiologiske reaksjoner og produsere mer varme for å kunne opprettholde normal kroppstemperatur.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Lavere kritisk temperatur (LCT)</strong><br />Lavere kritisk temperatur er definert som den omgivelsestemperaturen der hesten må øke stoffskiftet og derved produsere mer varme for å opprettholde normal kroppstemperatur. Hva som er den individuelle LCT for en hest under gitte forhold vil påvirkes også av vind, nedbør (regn eller snø), relativ luftfuktighet, akklimatisering, hold (fet/tynn) og tykkelse på vinterpelsen. I tillegg tåler unghester mindre kulde enn voksne hester.<br />Det finnes mange tabeller som viser LCT for ulike typer hester. Dersom voksne hester kan søke ly for vind og nedbør vil de etter gradvis tilvenning (akklimatisering) være komfortable ved temperaturer ned til -15 oC eller lavere. For unghester vil tilsvarende temperaturer ligge i området 0 til -10 oC.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Produksjon av kroppsvarme</strong><br />Kroppen produserer varme ved muskelsammentrekkinger (skjelving eller frivillig fysisk aktivitet) og ved at de fleste kjemiske reaksjoner i kroppen produserer varme. I hestens baktarm (blindtarm og tykktarm) fører tarmmikrobenes fordøyelse av fiber fra fôret til at det produseres mye varme. Derfor vil både mengde fôr og type fôr påvirke hvor mye varme som produseres ved fordøyelsen.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Grovfôr</strong><br />For å øke produksjonen av kroppsvarme i kalde perioder er det mest effektivt å øke mengdene grovfôr i hestens rasjon, da grovfôrets høge fiberinnhold stimulerer den mikrobielle fordøyelsen i baktarmen, og dermed øker varmeproduksjonen. Fordøyelse av kraftfôr fører til vesentlig mindre varmeproduksjon. Som en konsekvens av dette blir det oftest gitt råd om å gi fri tilgang på grovfôr til hester som skal være ute i kulde. Så lenge hestene ikke blir for feite ved slik fôring er dette en god og sikker fôringspraksis.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Vann</strong><br />I kaldt være kan hestenes vanninntak bli for lite. Dette fører til at de spiser mindre og at faren for kolikk øker. Det må derfor på det sterkeste rådes til at hestene alltid blir gitt fri tilgang til friskt temperert vann (7 til 10 oC eller varmere). <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"no\"><span class=\"hps\">Det kan</span> <span class=\"hps\">være en god</span> <span class=\"hps\">idé å få</span> <span class=\"hps\">oppvarmede</span> <span class=\"hps\">vannbeholdere</span> <span class=\"hps\">som det finnes flere</span> <span class=\"hps\">merker på markedet</span> <span class=\"hps\">å velge mellom.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/termobar.jpg\" alt=\"termobar\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />Når du setter opp hestens rasjon ved hjelp av PC-Horse programmet vil du alltid ha kontroll med mengden grovfôr i rasjonen. Dermed kan du øke grovfôrmengdene optimalt når det er behov for dette.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\">&nbsp;<em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /><em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2015</em><br /><em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',-2,81,'2015-01-26 12:08:52',10,'','2016-02-22 15:33:30',0,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-01-31 23:55:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',1,1,'','',1,0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),(3978,4711,'Mars 2016 - Endring av fôrrasjonene til hopper i siste del av drektighetstida','mars2016-nb','<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p><strong>På denne tid av året er mange avlshopper i de siste månedene av drektighetstida. Dette betyr at fosteret nå øker sin tilvekst og dermed krever mer næring for å utvikles optimalt. Da det er hoppa som skal levere alle næringsstoffer til fosteret må hoppa sin fôrrasjon tilpasses det økte næringsbehovet.</strong></p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/mare-pregnant.jpg\" alt=\"mare pregnant\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Fosterets vekst</strong><br />I de første 7 månedene av drektighetstida vokser hestefosteret relativt lite. I løpet av denne perioden når det bare ca 20% av fødselsvekta. Dette betyr at hoppa sitt næringsbehov i denne perioden endres lite i forhold til vedlikeholdsbehovet. I de siste 3 – 4 månedene av drektighetstida vil imidlertid fosterets tilvekst øke betydelig. Bare i siste måned før følling vil fosteret legge på seg 30% av sin fødselsvekt. Kroppsvekta av et nyfødt føll er omtrent 10% av normal kroppsvekt for hoppa. Dette betyr av et føll er relativt stort ved fødsel i forhold til mora sin størrelse.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Næringsbehov til drektighet</strong><br />Alle næringsstoff som trengs for å produsere et føll (muskler, skjelett, hover, pels mm) må leveres til fosteret fra hoppa sitt blod. For at ikke hoppa skal måtte tære på sine egne kroppsreserver må vi sørge for at fôringen er tilpasset det økte næringsbehovet hoppa har i denne perioden. Kroppen til et nyfødt føll består for en stor del av protein (muskler), mineraler (skjelett) og vann. I siste drektighetsmåned er hoppa sitt næringsbehov økt betydelig. I forhold til vedlikeholdsbehovet trenger hoppa nå 30% mer energi (FEh), 75% mer protein og rundt 80% mer kalsium og fosfor.</p>\r\n<p><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/seasons/47dia_mars2016.png\" alt=\"47dia mars2016\" width=\"500\" height=\"208\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" /></p>\r\n<p><strong>Kvalitets kontroll</strong><br />Normalt vil rasjonen til avlshoppa bestå av mer enn 2/3 grovfôr. Dette betyr at å kjenne næringsinnholdet i grovfôret på stallen er svært viktig. Å ha grovfôr som er analysert for i hvert fall energi (FEh), fordøyelig råprotein, kalsium og fosfor må kunne regnes som en del av kvalitets kontrollen av ditt hesteoppdrett. Spesielt når det gjelder innhold av protein og kalsium kan grovfôret variere betydelig, og innholdet av disse næringsstoffene kan ikke vurderes ut fra en visuell bedømmelse (ved å se på fôret). Det er derfor nødvendig med en fôranalyse, og at verdiene fra fôranalysen blir brukt når du setter opp dine fôrplaner slik at fôringen kan dekke hoppa sitt behov.<br />Dersom du har grovfôranalyse vil PC-Horse være til stor hjelp da analysesvar fra Eurofins leveres med en datalesbar fil (xml-fil) som kan leses automatisk direkte inn i programmets fôrliste. Dermed kan du sette opp fôrplaner der dine fôranalyser er tatt med i beregningene.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Tiden rundt følling</strong><br />Det er svært viktig at hoppa er i god kondisjon ved følling. Dette er ikke bare av betydning for melkeproduksjonen etter følling, men også for hoppa sin fruktbarhet. Hoppene vil normalt bli paret igjen i løpet av føllbrunsten (9-11 dager etter følling) eller ved månedsbrunsten (ca 30 dager etter følling). For at sjansene for ny drektighet skal være best mulig må hoppene være i god kondisjon og i ernæringsmessig balanse.</p>\r\n<p><strong>PC-Horse</strong><br />Når du legger inn hoppa sin bedekkingsdato og til slutt hoppa sin føllingsdato vil PC-Horse programmet alltid vite hvilken drektighetsmåned hoppa er i, eller hvor lenge det er siden den føllet. På denne måten vil programmet til enhver tid kunne beregne hoppa sitt næringsbehov ut fra dens reproduktive status.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=3880:poll-nb&amp;catid=619:topics-feedback&amp;lang=nb-NO\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Vennligst kommentere denne artikkelen</strong></span></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.1pt;\"><em>This article was originally written by Dr. Day Austbø.</em><br /><em>Copyright: PC-Horse International - Norway 2016</em><br /><em>Feel free to use and publish the material. Please indicate the source and author.</em></p>','',1,616,'2015-01-22 12:08:52',10,'','2016-04-01 08:29:15',10,0,'0000-00-00 00:00:00','2016-03-01 00:01:00','0000-00-00 00:00:00','{}','{}','{\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',3,348,'','',1,1452,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',0,'nb-NO',''),