(97,'com_content.article','Kalk','calcium-31','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Te weinig Kalk<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Kalk en fosfor zijn verantwoordelijk voor de hardheid en veerkracht van het skelet. Kalk is ook nodig voor een normaal functioneren van de spier- en zenuwcellen en voor de organen in het lichaam.</p>\r\n<p>Een tekort aan kalk zal in jonge paarden leiden tot afwijkingen in het skelet en metabolische beenziekten (o.a. rickets en losse beenfragmenten in de gewrichten).</p>\r\n<p><strong>Oplossing</strong>: Kalkrijke voeders zijn mineralencomplementen (met calciumcarbonaat en dicalciumfosfaat), alfalfa, hooi en de meeste commerci%le voeders (zoek naar mixen met 6-12 g/kg kalk). Het kalkgehalte in hooisoorten kan vari%ren van 1,5 tot 5 g/kg.</p>\r\n<p>Wanneer grote hoeveelheden hooi worden aangekocht, wordt het aangeraden het kalkgehalte in het voer te laten analyseren, met name wanneer het is bedoeld voor jonge paarden in de groei.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Te veel Kalk</strong></strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Een te hoog kalkgehalte in het voer kan leiden tot een abnormale ontwikkeling van het skelet. Te veel kalk kan de opname van zink in de darmen verminderen.</p>\r\n<p>Oplossing: Verlaag de hoeveelheid kalk in vitamine/mineralenmixen. Bekijk de contributie van de verschillende voedercomponenten in het rantsoen tot de totale kalkopname.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 258px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 258px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 258px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-22 10:00:02','nl-NL','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4523,5535,'{}','{}',48,4,131,'','',623,'',1),(98,'com_content.article','The cation-anion balance of the ration','dcab-31','<p>All animals need a number of minerals in their rations for their body to function. Thanks to one hundred years of nutrition research, we know a lot about their requirement for individual minerals - whether it is sodium (salt), potassium or iodine. We know for example that it is rare for a horse to lack potassium, since plant foods are rich in this mineral. However, the amount of sodium in roughages is small in relation to the horse\'s requirements. This explains why we must give salt supplements, but not potassium supplements. Sodium and potassium are positive ions (cations), i.e. they have a positive electric charge, and will always be accompanied by an equivalent number of negative ions (anions), since a feed as a whole is without electrical charge. Similarly, when urine is excreted, it has no electrical charge, and must contain equivalent amounts of negative and positive ions to achieve this. Therefore, the dietary surplus of potassium and sodium is excreted together with negative ions such as chloride, sulphate which are also derived from the feed.</p>\r\n<p>As already noted, the total amounts of these minerals in the ration are important for covering the bodily needs of the horse. In addition, the balance between sodium, potassium, chloride and sulphur (sulphate) in the ration has a special effect in determining the acid-base status of the body. This balance is called the “cation-anion balance” and is calculated as the sum of the positive ions minus the sum of the negative ions. The balance may be positive or negative depending on the amounts of sodium, potassium, chloride and sulphur in the ration.<br />Rations with a negative value for the cation-anion balance will create an acidic environment in the body. Rations with a positive cation-anion balance will counteract this acidification. All of this has led recently to increased interest in the area of cation-anion balance. In particular, sports-horses, eaters of large amounts of concentrates, are best served with a ration that has a mild alkalinizing effect. Feed producers can regulate the cation-anion balance of a feed through the addition of various salt supplements.</p>\r\n<p>As important as the absolute amounts of sodium, potassium, chloride and sulphate, in the diet, is the balance (i.e. the difference) between the concentrations of these ions. Rations with a negative value for the cation-anion balance will create an acidic environment in the body. Rations with a positive cation-anion balance will counteract this acidification. All of this has led recently to increased interest in the area of cation-anion balance. In particular, sports-horses, eaters of large amounts of concentrates, are best served with a ration that has a mild alkalinizing effect. Feed producers can regulate the cation-anion balance of a feed through the addition of various salt supplements.</p>\r\n<p>Complicated physiological processes underly the effects on the organism of the cation-anion feed balance. For those interested in learning more, we have attempted below to explain some of the background theory.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><br /> <img src=\"http://res.pc-horse.com/pc-horse_data/images/DCAB-BALANS.jpg\" alt=\"DCAB\" /></p>\r\n<p>The acid-base balance of the horse\'s body is affected by the contents of electrolytes (especially potassium, sodium, chloride and sulphate or sulpur) in the food eaten. If there is an imbalance between the content of sodium and potassium, which are positive ions, and the content of chloride and sulfate ions, which are negatively charged, the body compensates through the secretion of hydrogen ions (acid) or hydrogencarbonate ions (base) in the urine. As a result of this, the urine pH value comes to deviate substantially from the blood pH value. Changes in urine pH take place throughout the day as a central part of the body\'s acid-base regulation system.</p>\r\n<p>By analyzing the content of these electrolytes in the ration, we can calculate the effect of the ration on the horse\'s acid-base balance. The balance (i.e. the difference) between the content of positive and negative ions is called the cation-anion balance, usually abbreviated to DCAB or CAB. The cation-anion balance is not a nutrient, but a number, calculated on the basis of the levels of sodium, potassium, chloride and sulphur (sulphate) in the ration. DCAB can be calculated for a single feed, or for a days ration, and is expressed in milli-equivalents (mEq).</p>\r\n<p>If DCAB is positive, the ration or feed contains an excess of potassium and sodium relative to chloride and sulfate. Such a ration will provoke an alkaline reaction in the body and hence the urine, as we commonly find with herbivores including horses. If DCAB is negative, the animal replaces the relative deficiency of sodium and potassium in its diet with acid (H+), and the urine becomes acidic. Carnivores such as dogs usually have a diet with negative DCAB and consequently they secrete acidic urine.</p>\r\n<p>Sport horses are exposed to significant acid loads during vigorous physical activity. It is believed that rations with a beneficial cation-anion balance can help to buffer such acid loads, and thereby temporarily relieve their impact on the body. It is now increasingly common to provide information about the cation-anion balance of feeds, and to compose concentrates for sport horses in such a way that the total ration has a DCAB value of +200 to +300 mEq or higher. In PC-Horse you can keep an eye on the DCAB value of the ration and the individual meal. However, although there is no clear-cut advice on optimal DCAB values ??for horse rations available in the literature, there is general agreement that it is not desirable for rations to have negative DCAB values. Rations with negative DCAB will, if used for a long time, have detrimental effects, such as loss of calcium from the skeleton.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2017-03-21 08:34:34',0,'2017-12-06 13:42:23','nl-NL','2017-03-21 08:34:34','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4514,5536,'{}','{}',45,5,139,'','',623,'',1),(99,'com_content.article','Potatissum (K)','potatissum-31','<p>Normal forage (grass, hay, silage) is rich in potassium. Even though the potassium requirements of horses are known, we have chosen not to include potassium requirements in PC-Horse, because the roughage in the ration will, under normal practical conditions, provide a large excess of potassium. During extreme physical activity (endurance riding and other high intensity competitions) it is recommended to use electrolyte (mineral) mixes with potassium to replace sweat losses. Molasses from sugar cane is also a good source of potassium.</p>\r\n<p>In plant cells potassium (K+) is found together with various organic anions (ions with negative electrical charge). A dietary surplus of potassium must be excreted with urine and feces, and is accompanied by anions, such as bicarbonate or chloride. A high excretion of bicarbonate leads to an alkaline urine, which is typical for herbivore animals (plant eaters). The potassium content of the feed is part of the cation-anion balance (DCAB) which PC-Horse calculates for a feed or a complete ration.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-12-06 13:58:09','nl-NL','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4508,5537,'{}','{}',43,4,145,'','',623,'',1),(100,'com_content.article','Vitamin C','vitamin-c-31','<p>Vitamin C is a biological antioxidant, but it also has other important functions in the organism.</p>\r\n<p>Horses (like many other animals) seem to be able to derive vitamin C from glucose. The Vitamin C requirements of the horse are not defined as well as the other vitamins that are included in PC-Horse. Although the horse normally produces adequate amounts of vitamin C, it is customary to add the vitamin to concentrates and vitamin- and mineral mixes.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 51px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 51px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 51px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-22 10:01:46','nl-NL','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4503,5538,'{}','{}',44,3,150,'','',623,'',1),(101,'com_content.article','Biotin','biotin-31','<p>Biotin plays a part in many metabolic reactions in the body, including the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids, and during the production of glucose. Biotin is also important for normal cell replication.</p>\r\n<p>Biotin is found in many feeds and feed components. Examples of biotin content are: Alfalfa hay 0.2 mg/kg DM, Oats 0.1 to 0.4 mg/kg DM, Barley 0.13 to 0.17 mg/kg DM.</p>\r\n<p>Biotin is one of the water soluble B-vitamins. For a horse, the exact requirement for biotin is not yet determined. Therefore, PC-Horse cannot warn of deficiency or of surplus of biotin in the ration. Normally, sufficient biotin to cover the horses\' needs is produced by the microbes in the intestinal tract. Biotin is reported to have a positive effect on normal hoof growth and in the repair of damaged hooves. For such conditions, typical recommendations say that relatively large amounts of biotin (10-30 mg/day) must be provided for periods of 7-9 months.</p>\r\n<p>Many animal feeds and mineral- and vitamin mixtures have added biotin. There are also special supplements with particularly high levels of biotin on the market.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-22 10:02:11','nl-NL','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4498,5539,'{}','{}',49,5,155,'','',623,'',1),(102,'com_content.article','Fat','fat-31','<p><strong><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too little fat<br /></strong></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>The most common rations for horses contain little fat. Amongst forages such as hay and haylage, the fat content is usually 10-15 grams of digestible fat per kg of dry material. In barley the content of fat is approximately 20 grams and in oats 50 grams per kg.</p>\r\n<p>Fat in the form of vegetable oils can be an important energy supplement for the horse, particularly for horses that have problems with the regulation of their blood sugar (glucose) levels, and whose ration therefore should be one with minimal amounts of cereals. Fat is therefore recommended for horses that have a history of laminitis or have problems with \"tying up\" symptoms and muscle degeneration.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too much fat<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>The horse digests fat well, when consumed in moderate quantities. If we give vegetable oil in the ration, we expect that it is unproblematic to give up to 0.10 kg per 100 kg of body weight. This means that we could give 0.5 litres per day to a horse of 500 kg. The oil should be divided into at least two meals. The horse is not particularly fond of vegetable oil. You will therefore have to mix the oil with feeds that the horse will eat readily, such as grain or concentrates.</p>\r\n<p>Fat is rich in energy, and usually contains around three times as much energy as conventional feed mixtures. This means that 0.3 kg of oil has about the same energy value as 1 kg of concentrates.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-22 10:02:49','nl-NL','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4493,5540,'{}','{}',41,3,160,'','',623,'',1),(103,'com_content.article','Sugar','sugar-31','<p>Sugars in feeds are analyzed using several methods. The most common is referred to as “total sugar”, and measures simple sugars such as glucose, fructose and sucrose.</p>\r\n<p>In regular hay, the sugar content is about 100 grams per kg, but with a considerable variation. In haylage, part of the original sugar is broken down during fermentation, and the sugar content is usually lower. In grains and concentrates, the sugar content is low (the normal sugar content of oats and barley is only about 18 to 20 grams per kg.). Rations containing added molasses will, however, have a higher content of sugar.<br /><br />The amount of sugar found in hay and haylage seldom causes problems in horses. The uptake of roughage is spread over many hours of the day. Sugar absorption is therefore taking place over an extended period of time in the small intestine, and does not lead to large fluctuations in blood glucose concentrations.</p>\r\n<p>Horses that have problems with blood sugar regulation or are insulin resistant may still benefit from forage that is low in sugar.</p>\r\n<p><br /><strong>Fructanes</strong></p>\r\n<p>Fructanes are complex molecules (polysaccharides) which grasses store as an energy source. The horse lacks enzymes to digest fructanes in the small intestine, and these carbohydrates will therefore not be digested in the same way as starch and simple sugars. Fructanes are instead transported to the caecum, where they are broken down by microbes. If the ration contains large quantities of fructanes, it can cause, in the same way as too much starch, an imbalance in microbial fermentation and adverse conditions in the caecum. In the case of some horses, this may lead to laminitis. It is therefore important that horses are introduced gradually to a lush, rich pasture.</p>\r\n<p>The level of fructanes in grasses varies with weather conditions and grass species. In cold periods, the fructane content can be higher than in warm periods. On hot sunny summer days, there is little to worry about. In the early summer and autumn, during periods of cold nights and mornings the fructane content of the grass can be very high. It is therefore wise to give extra attention to the horse\'s reactions to grazing in cool periods, especially early and late in the grazing season.</p>\r\n<p>Since the fructane content of grasses varies so much, specific analyses of fructanes are not commonly used. However, since there are significant differences in the amount of fructanes amongst grass species and varieties, those who grow their own horse feeds also have the option to seed grasses selected for their moderate fructane content.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-17 14:37:03',0,'2017-11-22 10:03:13','nl-NL','2016-11-17 14:37:03','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4488,5541,'{}','{}',27,3,165,'','',623,'',1),(104,'com_content.article','Starch','starch-31','<p>If you have been warned about too much starch in a meal, you should distribute the concentrates and grains in the ration throughout the planned meals, and introduce more meals if necessary. You can also try to replace some of the concentrates with roughage (hay, haylage, beet pulp) of good quality. You can read below more about starch and how this feed component is digested.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Starch in the horse\'s ration</strong><br />Starch is a carbohydrate found in plant seeds and roots, such as grains or potatoes, and is an energy reserve for the plant. For comparison, animals use fat as their energy reserve. Starch is the most energy-rich part of the grain. The content of starch in oats and barley is about 500 g per kg (50% of the weight), and there is slightly more starch in barley than in oats.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Digestion of starch in the horse</strong><br />We want as much as possible of the starch to be digested and absorbed in the small intestine. Starch which is not digested in the small intestine will be passed on into the caecum, which is very large in the horse. Here, starch may create imbalances in the microbial flora and lead to a fall in pH and a reduced digestion of fibre.</p>\r\n<p>The chemical and physical structure of starch varies between grain species. The starch in oats is more easily digested than starch from barley and maize. This has practical significance for the horse because the horse can digest more oat starch in the small intestine than starches from other cereal species. When barley and maize are treated with pressure and heat, as is common in the commercial production of feed mixtures, the starch becomes more easily digestible, and behaves more like oat starch in the digestive tract. <br />Glucose is produced when starch is cleaved by several enzymes in the small intestine, and is then absorbed into the blood. A meal of cereals will in just a few hours give the horse elevated blood glucose (blood sugar) concentrations. Blood levels of glucose are regulated by the hormone insulin. Increased secretion of insulin takes place after a meal, and the hormone promotes the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen in liver and muscles. Glycogen is an important energy store for the horse, and is mobilized quickly when needed, for example during strenuous exercise and competitions.</p>\r\n<p>Horses are sensitive to variations in blood sugar. Some horses, especially ponies, may have trouble regulating blood sugar (a form of insulin resistance). Some horses may also become excited if the blood sugar concentration rises quickly (heating). It is therefore important, when planning feeding, to consider the amount of starch each horse will receive at every meal.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Recommendation</strong><br />Because of its properties, starch is both an important source of energy in the horse\'s ration, and also a feed component that can cause adverse reactions in the digestive system. As mentioned earlier, we do not want too much undigested starch to arrive at the caecum. At the same time, we do not want the starch to be too easy to digest, since this will give rise to excessive increases in blood glucose levels. It is therefore important to have a good grasp of how a starch-rich ration affects your horse, and how you can achieve a digestion profile for the starch that balances the two effects mentioned above. With PC-Horse you have the means to ensure that the amount of starch contained in each meal is within the recommended limits.</p>\r\n<p>In normal healthy horses, we recommend that a single meal should not contain more than 1,5 grams of starch per kg body weight. This means that a horse weighing 500 kg should not get more than about 750 grams of starch per meal. Since cereals and grain mixtures contain 400-500 grams of starch per kg, you should not give more than about 1,5 kg of grain or concentrate mix per meal. If your horse has a high energy requirement and receives a high proportion of grains and concentrates in its diet, we recommend increasing the number of meals per day, or changing the distribution of feed between meals if you become aware that the amount of starch per meal is too high.</p>\r\n<p>In PC-Horse, you can distribute the horse\'s overall ration over individual meals. You will then be given a clear warning when the amount of starch in one or more of your meals exceeds the recommended limits. For horses that have trouble regulating blood sugar, or easily develop symptoms of \"tying up\", it will be beneficial to provide less starch per meal than the recommended 1,5 g/kg body weight. As an alternative you can feed vegetable oil (see below), thus reducing the amount of grain or concentrate mix in the ration, without depriving the horse of too much energy.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 205px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 205px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-22 10:03:43','nl-NL','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4484,5542,'{}','{}',42,3,169,'','',623,'',1),(105,'com_content.article','Fibre','fibre-31','<p>The horse is a grass-eating (herbivore) animal and its digestive system is adapted to rations consisting mainly of roughage, i.e. grasses and herbs, either fresh or as hay or haylage. Roughages are rich in fibre and the horse needs this fibre for both energy and as a structural component which ensures proper functioning of the digestive system. In simple terms, we can divide the horse\'s digestive system into two parts. In the stomach and small intestine, which comes first, we find enzymes that digest starch, sugars, proteins and fat. Further along, in the caecum and colon, a rich population of microbes (i.e. protozoa, bacteria and yeast) helps to break down the fibre component into short-chain fatty acids that can be absorbed and utilized for energy. In horses on forage-rich diets, a significant part of the energy needs are met by the acids produced from fibre. Although the cellulose in the fibre-fraction is composed of glucose molecules, microbial digestion transfers the glucose to short (volatile) fatty acids – which subsequently are absorbed. As a consequence, the products of fibre digestion do not affect the horse\'s blood sugar concentration and insulin secretion.</p>\r\n<p>Fibre-rich diets require a long time for chewing. They keep the horse occupied and increase the time needed to consume a meal. This is important for the horse\'s comfort and well-being, and leads to increased saliva production, which in turn helps reduce the risk of gastric ulcers.</p>\r\n<p>A horse ration must contain a certain amount of roughage and in PC-Horse we place that requirement at 1.5 kg per 100 kg body weight. When using haylage, with its higher water content, it is necessary to adjust the amount fed to reach the requirement for roughage dry matter. This is done easily through the formula:</p>\r\n<p><br />hay (in kg x 85)<br />----------------------------------------------- = kg of haylage <br />dry matter content, % in haylage</p>\r\n<p>Example: A horse weighing 500 kg has a requirement of 7.5 kg hay per day. How much haylage with 60% dry matter must be given in order to be equivalent to 7.5 kg of hay:</p>\r\n<p>7.5 kg hay x 85<br />-------------------- = 10.6 kg haylage<br />60</p>\r\n<p>The fibre content of forages will vary widely between plant species, and also from one stage of botanical development to another. When plants are harvested early in their growth, the fibre content is not high, but the nutritional value of the fibre is at its highest. A later harvest will have a higher fibre content, but at the same time increased amounts of lignin will cause a decrease in the nutritional value of the fibre. We must therefore consider carefully what are the forage qualities that will suit different types of horses the best.</p>\r\n<p>In PC-Horse, we calculate the amount of fibre in the ration based on an analysis of the crude fibre content. In regular hay or haylage there is about 300 grams of crude fibre per kg dry matter (DM). It will be somewhat lower for early cuts and higher for the late cuts.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse sets the lower limit for crude fibre in the daily ration to 3 grams per kg body weight daily, and the horse should preferably receive more than this. This minimum limit is roughly equivalent to the amount of forage mentioned earlier.</p>\r\n<p>There are several methods available for the analysis of fibre in roughages. All recommendations given in PC-Horse are based on crude fibre analysis, and this is the only method that should be used when including analysis of fibre in the program. If selecting NDF (non-detergent fibre), a fibre analysis which is commonly used for cattle, you will get twice as high numbers as when using the crude fibre analysis.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-22 10:04:12','nl-NL','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4479,5543,'{}','{}',46,3,174,'','',623,'',1),(106,'com_content.article','Verteerbaar ruw eiwit','protein-31','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"http://pc-horse.com/images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Te weinig Verteerbaar ruw eiwit<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Wanneer een te kleine hoeveelheid eiwit wordt gevoerd, kan men bij jonge paarden een langzame groei en slechte ontwikkeling verwachten. Fokmerries zullen kleine en zwakke veulens werpen en weinig melk geven. Verder kan de spiermassa afnemen en kunnen prestaties verminderen.</p>\r\n<p>Te weinig eiwit kan leiden to verminderde eetlust, zwakke hoeven en een matte vacht.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Oplossing</strong>: Goede eiwitbronnen zijn vismeel, sojameel, en krachtvoermixen met een hoog eiwitgehalte. Bekijk de alternatieven die in het programma gegeven worden. Vroeg gemaaid klaver, hooi, jong gras, alfalfa en haylage hebben een hoog eiwitgehalte.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"http://pc-horse.com/images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Te veel Verteerbaar ruw eiwit<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Duur en onnodig. Kan nadelig zijn voor jonge paarden in de groei en kan leiden tot verminderde prestaties.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Oplossing</strong>: Stel een voeder samen met een lager eiwitgehalte. Kijk met name uit voor voedermixen met een hoog eiwitgehalte, zoals vismeel en sojameel.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,3,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-17 14:41:53',0,'2017-11-22 10:04:42','nl-NL','2016-11-17 14:41:53','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4295,5544,'{}','{}',0,6,275,'','',623,'',1),(107,'com_content.article','Opas','starthelpguide358','<p>Tämä sivusto on kehityksen alla. Kun sivusto on valmis, se ohjaa Sinut tärkeille 3-version sivuille.</p>\r\n<div>\r\n<table border=\"2\" style=\"width: 700px;\" cellspacing=\"5px\" cellpadding=\"5px;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon100pixManual.png\" alt=\"icon100pixManual\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" />KÄSIKIRJA</strong></p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon100pixMovie.png\" alt=\"icon100pixMovie\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" />DEMOT</strong></p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=4056:let-us-help-fi&amp;catid=22:support-teamviewer&amp;lang=fi-FI\" data-mce-tmp=\"1\"><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon100pixSupport.png\" alt=\"icon100pixSupport\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" />TUKI</strong></a></p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Lue yksityiskohtaisemmin mitä voit tehdä PC-Horsen 3-versiolla.</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Opi kuinka tärkeimpiä toimintoja käytetään.</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=4056:let-us-help-fi&amp;catid=22:support-teamviewer&amp;lang=fi-FI\" data-mce-tmp=\"1\">Ongelmia? Soita meille ja pyydä apua suoraan tietokoneeltasi.</a></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=4009:feed-fi&amp;catid=83:feeds-national-feedlist&amp;lang=fi-FI\" data-mce-tmp=\"1\"><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon100pixFeedListMix.png\" alt=\"icon100pixFeedListMix\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" /> OHJEET</strong></a></p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<p><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=4021&amp;Itemid=4640&amp;lang=fi\" data-mce-tmp=\"1\"><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon100pixNutrients.png\" alt=\"icon100pixNutrients\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" />RAVINTOAINEET</strong></a></p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon100pixCompareVersions.png\" alt=\"icon100pixCompareVersions\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" />VERTAA</strong></p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=4009:feed-fi&amp;catid=83:feeds-national-feedlist&amp;lang=fi-FI\" data-mce-tmp=\"1\"><span lang=\"en\">Mitä tapahtuu kun tärkeistä ravintoaineista on puutetta tai tulee yliannostusta? <br /></span></a></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=4021&amp;Itemid=4640&amp;lang=fi\" data-mce-tmp=\"1\">Artikkeleita tarpeista, ravintoaineista, kivennäisistä ja vitamiineista.</a></td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Katso, mikä PC-Horsen versio sopii parhatein Sinun tarpeisiisi.</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n</div>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"0\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2017-11-16 11:27:30',0,'2017-12-06 14:31:28','fi-FI','2017-11-16 11:27:30','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4659,5545,'{}','{}',5,5,0,'','',623,'',1),(108,'com_content.article','Kloori','chlor-358','<p><strong><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän klooria.</strong></strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Tekstiä täydennetään piakkoin.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-17 14:37:03',0,'2017-11-25 13:46:58','fi-FI','2016-11-17 14:37:03','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4651,5546,'{}','{}',39,5,8,'','',623,'',1),(109,'com_content.article','Rikki','sulphur-358','<p><strong><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän rikkiä</strong></strong> (S)</strong></p>\r\n<p>Rikki on kemiallinen alkuaine. Elimistössä rikki on osana aminohappoja nimeltä kysteiini- ja metioniini. Näitä aminohappoja kutsutaankin rikkiä sisältäviksi aminohapoiksi ja ne ovat osa käytännössä katsoen kaikkia elimistön muodostamia valkuaisaineita. Rikki on myös osa mm. B-vitamiineja tiamiini (B1-vitamiini) ja biotiini, luonnollista antikoagulanttia hepariinia ja kondroitiinisulfaattia, joka on tärkeä rakennusaine kaikilla nivelpinnoilla olevalle rustokudokselle.</p>\r\n<p>Hevoset kattavat rikin tarpeen orgaanisten rikkiä sisältävien molekyylien kautta, pääosin aminohapoista metioniini ja kysteiini.</p>\r\n<p>Kun rehustuksessa on riittävästi valkuaista, mieluiten useista eri lähteistä, ei rikin puutosta ilmene.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-17 14:37:03',0,'2017-11-26 16:04:19','fi-FI','2016-11-17 14:37:03','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4645,5547,'{}','{}',45,7,14,'','',623,'',1),(110,'com_content.article','Koboltti','cobalt-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän kobolttia<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Kobolttia (Co) tarvotaan B12-vitamiinin muodostamiseen. Rannikkoalueilla heinä saattaa sisältää liian vähän kobolttia. </p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Kobolttia on lisätty useimpiin hevosten väki- ja kivennäisrehuseoksiin.&nbsp; Etsi rehuluettelosta rehuja, joissa on korkea kobolttipitoisuus. </p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; <strong><strong>Liikaa kobolttia</strong></strong><br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Kohtuullisella koboltin suosituksen ylittymisellä ei tiedetä olevan myrkyllisiä vaikutuksia. Tästä huolimatta sinun tulisi vähentää koboltin saantia ja välttää \"punaisia tolppia\". </p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Vähennä runsaasti kobolttia sisältävien väkirehujen ja kivennäisrehujen määrää. </p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-25 13:51:31','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4618,5548,'{}','{}',41,4,39,'','',623,'',1),(111,'com_content.article','Seleeni','selenium-358','<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän seleeniä<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Seleeni (Se) on tärkeä osa glutationiperoksidaasi-entsyymiä, joka osaltaan suojaa solumembraanien lipidejä. </p>\r\n<p>Seleenin puutos saattaa aiheuttaa lihasvaurioita, vastasyntyneiden varsojen heikkoon imemiskykyyn ja moniin muihin patologisiin tiloihin.</p>\r\n<p>Monilla alueilla maaperässä on puutosta seleenistä ja seleenilisä vaaditaan eläimen hyvinvoinnin turvaamiseksi. </p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Seleeniä lisätään useimpiin hevosten väkirehuseoksiin ja kivennäisrehuihin. Etsi rehuluettelosta runsaasti seleeniä sisältäviä rehuja. </p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; <strong>Liikaa seleeniä</strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Seleeni on hyvin myrkyllistä ja pitkäaikainen liiallinen saanti saattaa johtaa myrkytystilaan ja kuolemaan.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Vähennä runsaasti seleeniä sisältävän väkirehuseoksen ja kivennäisrehun määrää. </p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 78px; left: 229px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 229px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 229px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-26 15:10:47','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4617,5549,'{}','{}',40,4,40,'','',623,'',1),(112,'com_content.article','Natrium','sodium-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän natriumia<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Natriumin (Na) tai tavallisen suolan (NaCl) tarve vaihtelee huomattavan paljon ympäristön lämpötilan ja hevosen rasitustason mukaan.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse&nbsp; arvioi tarpeen olevan talvella (lokakuu-huhtikuu) 60 % kesäajan tarpeesta.</p>\r\n<p>Siitostammoilla ja nuorilla kasvavilla hevosilla tulisi aina olla vapaasti tarjolla suolaa tai runsaasti suolaa sisältävä kivennäiskivi.</p>\r\n<p>Erittäin kovassa valmennuksessa olevilla hevosilla saattaa olla ongelmia suolan syönnin säätelyssä. Näille tulisi antaa kontrolloidusti suolaa joka päivä. </p>\r\n<p>Suositeltu suolamäärä valmennettaville hevosille on talvella 5-6 grammaa/100 kg elopainoa ja&nbsp; kesällä 6-10 grammaa, koska ne hikoilevat enemmän. </p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /> Liikaa natriumia</strong><strong></strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Natriumin (Na) tai tavallisen suolan (NaCl) tarve vaihtelee huomattavan paljon ympäristön lämpötilan ja hevosen rasitustason mukaan.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse&nbsp; arvioi tarpeen olevan talvella (lokakuu-huhtikuu) 60 % kesäajan tarpeesta.</p>\r\n<p>Siitostammoilla ja nuorilla kasvavilla hevosilla tulisi aina olla vapaasti tarjolla suolaa tai runsaasti suolaa sisältävä kivennäiskivi.</p>\r\n<p>Erittäin kovassa valmennuksessa olevilla hevosilla saattaa olla ongelmia suolan syönnin säätelyssä. Näille tulisi antaa kontrolloidusti suolaa joka päivä.</p>\r\n<p>Suositeltu suolamäärä valmennettaville hevosille on talvella 5-6 grammaa/100 kg elopainoa ja&nbsp; kesällä 6-10 grammaa, koska ne hikoilevat enemmän.</p>\r\n<p>On erittäin tärkeää, että hevosilla on vapaasti tarjolla hyvälaatuista ja puhdasta juomavettä, jos rehustus sisältää natriumia (suolaa) yli laskennallisen tarpeen. </p>\r\n<p>Eläimet, joilla on vapaasti vettä tarjolla, pystyvät käsittelemään selvästikin suositukset ylittävän määrän suolaa.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 256px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 256px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-26 15:04:20','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4616,5550,'{}','{}',60,4,41,'','',623,'',1),(113,'com_content.article','Energia','energy-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän energiaa<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Hevosesi ei saa riittävästi energiaa ja saattaa laihtua. Nuorilla hevosilla kasvu hidastuu ja kilpahevosten suoritustaso laskee. Laihat tammat eivät tiinehdy yhtä hyvin kuin riittävästi ruokitut.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Anna enemmän rehua! Kilo heinää sisältää noin 7, väkirehut noin 10 ja kasviöljy jopa 35 MJ energiaa. Tarkastele rehustusta ennen kuin päätät minkä rehun määrää lisäät.</p>\r\n<p>Jos hevonen on valmennuksessa ja tästä huolimatta säilyttää kuntoluokkansa, olet ehkä käyttänyt laskelmassa turhan korkeaa rasitustasoa. Valitse matalampi rasitustaso!</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liikaa energiaa</strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Hevosesi saa energiaa liikaa ja tulee ylipainoiseksi (lihoo). Tämä on haitallista erityisesti nuorille kasvaville hevosille ja kilpaileville hevosille.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Kilo heinää sisältää noin 7, väkirehut noin 10 ja kasviöljy jopa 35 MJ energiaa. Tarkastele rehustusta ennen kuin päätät minkä rehun määrää vähennät.</p>\r\n<p>Sinun ehkä tulee rajoittaa laidunnusta erityisesti alkukesästä.</p>\r\n<p>Jos hevosesi liikkuu kohtuullisesti, on sopivassa lihavuuskunnossa eikä liho nykyisellä ruokinnalla, olet ehkä valinnut laskelmaan liian matalan rasitustason. Valitse korkeampi rasitustaso.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-25 14:08:34','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4615,5551,'{}','{}',53,5,42,'','',623,'',1),(114,'com_content.article','Sinkki','zinc-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän sinkkiä<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Sinkki (Zn) on kiinteä osa useita entsyymejä ja myös stabiloi valkuaishormoneja.</p>\r\n<p>Sinkin puutos on yhteydessä luuston sairauksiin (esim. osteokondroosi) ja vähentää ihon kestävyyttä ja sen vastustuskykyä tulehduksia vastaan.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Lisää rehustukseen hevosten kivennäis/vitamiinirehua, jotka yleensä sisältävät sinkkiä. </p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Liian paljon sinkkiä</strong></strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Liiallinen sinkin (Zn) saanti saattaa heikentää kuparin hyväksikäyttöä ja aiheuttaa kuparinpuutos oireita. Saattaa aiheutua luuston vaurioita.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Vähennä runsaasti sinkkikä sisältävän väkirehuseoksen tai kivennäisrehun määrää.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-26 10:35:02','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4614,5552,'{}','{}',55,4,43,'','',623,'',1),(115,'com_content.article','Foolihappo ','folic-acid-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän foolihappoa<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Puutosta ei tunneta, sillä tarvetta ei ole tarkoin määritetty. </p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Täydennysrehuvalmisteet</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Liian paljon foolihappoa</strong></strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Yliannostusta ei tule normaaleilla ruokinnoilla.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Ei ole </p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-26 10:15:08','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4613,5553,'{}','{}',56,4,44,'','',623,'',1),(116,'com_content.article','B1-vitamiini','vitamin-b1-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän </strong>B1-vitamiinia</strong></p>\r\n<p>B1-vitamiini (tiamiini): Umpi- ja paksusuolen mikrobisto tuottaa normaaleissa olosuhteissa riittävästi B-vitamiineja.</p>\r\n<p>B-vitamiinien muodostuminen vähenee tilanteissa, joissa rehustus sisältää liian paljon väkirehua ja liian vähän karkearehua.&nbsp; Ole tarkkana rehustuksen oikeasta karkearehu/väkirehusuhteesta. Erittäin raskaalla valmennuksella tai stressillä saattaa olla samanlaisia vaikutuksia ja vitamiinilisää tulisi käyttää.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Väkirehuseokset ja useimmat kivennäis/vitamiinivalmisteet sisältävät lisättyä B1-vitamiinia. Rehuhiiva ja mäski ovat hyviä B1-vitamiinin lähteitä.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong>&nbsp;</strong></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian paljon </strong>B1-vitamiinia</strong></p>\r\n<p>Kohtuullisella B1-vitamiinin suosituksen ylityksellä ei ole haitallisia vaikutuksia.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Vähennä vitamiini/kivennäisseoksen käyttöä - säästä rahaa!</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-26 10:05:50','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4612,5554,'{}','{}',58,5,45,'','',623,'',1),(117,'com_content.article','E-vitamiini','vitamin-e-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /> Liian vähän </strong>E-vitamiinia</strong></p>\r\n<p>E-vitamiini toimii antioksidanttina solumembraanien lipideissä.&nbsp; E-vitamiinilla on elimistössä samalaisia toimintoja kuin seleenillä. Puutos johtaa lihasvaurioihin (white muscle disease),&nbsp; koordinaatiohäiriöihin ja ontumiin.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Väkirehuseokset ja useimmat kivennäis/vitamiinivalmisteet sisältävät lisättyä E-vitamiinia. Lisäksi on saatavilla erillisiä E-vitamiini/seleenitäydennysrehuja. </p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian paljon </strong>E-vitamiinia</strong></p>\r\n<p>Kohtuullisella E-vitamiinin suositusten ylityksellä ei ole havaittu haitallisia vaikutuksia, itseasiassa E-vitamiinin saantisuosituksia on nostettu viimeisen parinkymmenen vuoden aikana. </p>\r\n<p>Liian suuri määrä saattaa kuitenkin vaikuttaa muiden rasvaliukoisten vitamiinien hyväksikäyttöön (A, D ja K).&nbsp; </p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Vähennä runsaasti E-vitamiinia sisältävän vitamiinin/kivennäisen määrää. Säästä rahaa! </p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-26 09:57:40','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4611,5555,'{}','{}',61,4,46,'','',623,'',1),(118,'com_content.article','Rauta','iron-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän rautaa<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Rautaa (Fe)&nbsp; tarvitaan punasolujen muodstamiseen ja se on tärkeä osa kaikkien solujen aineenvaihduntaan tarvittavia entsyymejä. </p>\r\n<p>Raudan puutos johtaa anemiaan ja heikkoon kestävyyteen. </p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Tavallisesti karkearehuista ja väkirehuista tulee riittävästi rautaa kattamaan hevosen tarpeen. Lisää rautaa voi tarjota väkirehu- ja kivennäisrehuseosten muodossa.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liikaa rautaa<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Liiallinen raudan (Fe) saanti saattaa johtaa veren ja maksan sinkkipitoisuuden laskuun. Liiallinen rauta on haitallista nuorille hevosille. </p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Rajoita rautaa sisältävien valmisteiden määrää. Ole erityisen varovainen, jos hevonen saa rautainjektioita tai käytät lisättyä rautaa sisältäviä täydennysrehuvalmisteita ruokinnassasi. </p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-25 14:26:26','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4610,5556,'{}','{}',53,4,47,'','',623,'',1),(119,'com_content.article','B2-vitamiini','vitamin-b2-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän </strong>B2-vitamiinia</strong></p>\r\n<p>B2-vitamiini (riboflaviini): Umpi- ja paksusuolen mikrobisto tuottaa normaaleissa olosuhteissa riittävästi B-vitamiineja.</p>\r\n<p>B2-vitamiinin muodostuminen vähenee tilanteissa, joissa rehustus sisältää liian paljon väkirehua ja liian vähän karkearehua.&nbsp; Ole tarkkana rehustuksen oikeasta karkearehu/väkirehusuhteesta.</p>\r\n<p>Erittäin raskaalla valmennuksella tai stressillä saattaa olla samanlaisia vaikutuksia ja vitamiinilisää tulisi käyttää.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Väkirehuseokset ja useimmat kivennäis/vitamiinivalmisteet sisältävät lisättyä B2-vitamiinia. Rehuhiiva ja mäski ovat hyviä B2-vitamiinin lähteitä.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian paljon </strong>B2-vitamiinia</strong></p>\r\n<p>Kohtuullisella B2-vitamiinin suosituksen ylityksellä ei ole haitallisia vaikutuksia.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Vähennä vitamiini/kivennäisseoksen käyttöä - säästä rahaa!</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-26 10:06:10','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4609,5557,'{}','{}',51,5,48,'','',623,'',1),(120,'com_content.article','Magnesium','magnesium-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän</strong> magnesiumia</strong></p>\r\n<p>Magnesium toimii useiden entsyymien aktivaattorina ja sitä tarvitaan hermoston ja lihassolujen normaaliin toimintaan. Magnesiumin puutos saattaa aiheuttaa kouristuksia.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Useimpiin hevosten väkirehuseoksiin on lisätty magnesiumia ja ovat hyviä täydentämään ruokintaasi. </p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian paljon</strong> magnesiumia</strong></p>\r\n<p>Kohtuullisella magnesiuminsaannin ylityksellä ei ole haitallisia vaikutuksia.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Sinun tulisi joka tapauksessa yrittää ruokkia hevonen suositusten mukaisesti. </p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 232px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 232px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-26 09:40:16','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4608,5558,'{}','{}',48,4,49,'','',623,'',1),(121,'com_content.article','Kupari','copper-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän kuparia</strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Kuparilla (Cu)&nbsp; on useita tehtäviä aineenvaihdunnassa: kupari on osana entsyymejä, jotka osallistuvat tukikudosten synteesiin, raudan mobilisaatioon elimistön varastoista ja pigmentin muodostukseen. </p>\r\n<p>Kuparin puutos saattaa johtaa osteokondroosiin tai muidhin luuston sairauksiin. </p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Tavallisesti kaupalliset kivennäis/vitamiinivalmisteet ja hevosten väkirehuseokset ovat hyviä kuparinlähteitä. </p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Liikaa kuparia</strong></strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Hevoset kestävät kohtuullisia määriä&nbsp; rehustukseen liiallisesti tulevaa kuparia ilman tunnettuja haitallisia vaikutuksia. Joka tapauksessa sinun tulisi aina yrittää optimoida rehustus, joka sisältää kuparia suositellun määrän. \"Ei punaisia palkkeja, kiitos!\" </p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Tarkastele rehustusta ja vähennä runsaasti kuparia sisältävän kivennäis/vitamiinirehun tai väkirehun määrää. </p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-25 13:58:28','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4607,5559,'{}','{}',40,4,50,'','',623,'',1),(122,'com_content.article','B12-vitamiini ','vitamin-b12-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän </strong>B12-vitamiinia</strong></p>\r\n<p>B12-vitamiinia (syanokobalamiini) muodostuu tavallisesti riittävästi hevosen ruuansulatuskanavassa.</p>\r\n<p>Imeytyäkseen B12-vitamiini tarvitsee kantajaproteiinin, jota muodostuu mahalaukun seinämässä. Mahalaukun limakalvon sairaudet (gastroenteriitti, loistartunnat) voivat aiheuttaa B12-vitamiinin puutteesta seurautuvan sekundäärisen anemian.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Lisää B12-vitamiinia sisältäviä rehuja. (Varmista myös, että oikeaa madotusohjelmaa noudatetaan).&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liikaa</strong> B12-vitamiinia</strong></p>\r\n<p>B12-vitamiinin (syanokobalamiini) liiallisella saannilla ei tunneta olevan haitallisia vaikutuksia.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Ei ole</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-30 16:10:35','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4606,5560,'{}','{}',40,6,51,'','',623,'',1),(123,'com_content.article','A-vitamiini','vitamin-a-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän </strong>A-vitamiinia<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>A-vitamiinia tarvitaan normaaliin näkökykyyn, iho ja muiden epiteelien tarpeisiin ja luuston muodostumiseen.&nbsp; </p>\r\n<p>A-vitamiinin puutos saattaa johtaa heikkoon hämäränäköön, aiheuttaa silmien vuotamista, ihon huonoa kuntoa ja hilseilyä, ruokahalun heikkenemistä, kasvun hidastumista, heikkoa tiinehtyvyyttä ja yleistä heikkoutta. </p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Kaupalliset väkirehuseokset ja useimmat kivennäis/vitamiinirehut sisältävät runsaasti A-vitamiinia. Kalanmaksaöljy, porkkanat, vihreä heinä, säilöheinä ja auringossa kuivanut heinä ovat hyviä A-vitamiinin lähteitä.&nbsp; #Ruohot ja säilöheinä sisältävät beetakaroteenia, josta elimistö muodostaa A-vitamiinia.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Liikaa</strong> A-vitamiinia</strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>A-vitamiinia on kahdessa muodossa: retinolina ja beetakaroteenina. Beetakaroteeni on A-vitamiinin esiaste ja sitä on ruohoissa ja muissa rehuissa, joissa on punaista tai keltaista pigmenttiä.&nbsp; </p>\r\n<p>Tavallisissa olosuhteissa riski beetakaroteenin toksisuudelle on hyvin matala, sillä se ei kokonaisuudessaan imeydy rehusta. </p>\r\n<p>Ruoho, säilöheinä ja porkkana ovat runsaasti beetakaroteenia sisältäviä rehuja. Kun käytät näite rehuja, saattaa A-vitamiinia kuvaava palkki muuttua punaiseksi. </p>\r\n<p>Jos pääosa ruokintaan tulevasta A-vitamiinista on peräisin runsaasti beetakaroteenia sisältävistä rehuista, voit hyväksyä ruokinnan vaikka A-vitamiinia kuvaava palkki onkin punainen. </p>\r\n<p>Keskimmäinen ikkuna näytöllä näyttää A-vitamiinin jaukautumisen eri rehuihin ja näiden rehujen muodostamasta osuudesta ruokintaan. </p>\r\n<p>Pitkäkestoinen A-vitamiinin liiallinen saanti aiheuttaa luuston heikkoutta ja luiden epämuodostumista, karvanlähtöä ja epänormaalia ihoa. </p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Käytä vähemmän A-vitamiinia sisältäviä valmisteita. Korvaa kaupallinen vitaminoitu väkirehuseos viljalla. Ole varovainen käyttäessäsi useita kivennäis/vitamiinivalmisteita, sillä monet sisältävät A-vitamiinia. </p>\r\n<p>Älä anna kalanmaksaöljyä, jos rehustus sisältää jo muutenkin runsaasti A-vitamiinia. </p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-30 16:37:22','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4605,5561,'{}','{}',40,4,52,'','',623,'',1),(124,'com_content.article','Mangaani','manganese-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän mangaania</strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Mangaania (Mn) tarvitaan hiilihydraattien ja elimistön rasvojen hyväksikäyttöön ja se on tärkeä ruston muodostumisessa. Mangaanin puutoksen oletetaan olevan yhteydessä heikentyneeseen luuston kehitykseen.&nbsp; </p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Tavalliset kivennäis/vitamiinirehut ja hevosten kaupalliset väkirehuseokset sisältävät mangaania. Laadukas heinä on yleensä hyvä mangaanin lähde (40 - 140 mg/kg).</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Liian paljon mangaania</strong></strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Liiallinen mangaanin saanti saattaa heikentää raudan (ja kalsiumin) imeytymistä. </p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Vähennä mangaania sisältävien väkirehuseosten ja kivennäisrehun käyttöä. </p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-30 16:19:04','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4604,5562,'{}','{}',38,4,53,'','',623,'',1),(125,'com_content.article','Niasiini','niacin-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän niasiinia<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Puutosta ei tunneta, sillä tarvetta ei ole kunnolla määritelty.<br />Niasiini ei sisälly PC-Horseen tällä hetkellä.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Täydennsyrehut</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian paljon niasiinia<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Yliannostusta ei tavallisissa olosuhteissa tule.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-30 16:13:04','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4603,5563,'{}','{}',38,4,54,'','',623,'',1),(126,'com_content.article','B6-vitamiini ','vitamin-b6-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän</strong> B6-vitamiinia</strong></p>\r\n<p>B6-vitamiini (pyridoksiini): Umpi- ja paksusuolen mikrobisto tuottaa normaaleissa olosuhteissa riittävästi B-vitamiineja.</p>\r\n<p>B6-vitamiinin muodostuminen vähenee tilanteissa, joissa rehustus sisältää liian paljon väkirehua ja liian vähän karkearehua.&nbsp; Ole tarkkana rehustuksen oikeasta karkearehu/väkirehusuhteesta.</p>\r\n<p>Erittäin raskaalla valmennuksella tai stressillä saattaa olla samanlaisia vaikutuksia ja vitamiinilisää tulisi käyttää.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Väkirehuseokset ja useimmat kivennäis/vitamiinivalmisteet sisältävät lisättyä B6-vitamiinia. Rehuhiiva ja mäski ovat hyviä B6-vitamiinin lähteitä.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian paljon </strong>B6-vitamiinia</strong></p>\r\n<p>Kohtuullisella B6-vitamiinin suosituksen ylityksellä ei tunneta olevan haitallisia vaikutuksia.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Vähennä vitamiini/kivennäisseoksen käyttöä - säästä rahaa!</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-30 15:57:50','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4602,5564,'{}','{}',39,4,55,'','',623,'',1),(127,'com_content.article','Jodi','iodine-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän jodia<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Jodia (I) tarvitaan kilpirauhashormonin (tyroksiini) muodostamiseen. Tyroksiini kontrolloi kaikkien eläinten elimistön aineenvaihdunnan nopeutta. Jodin puutos aiheuttaa struumaa ja hidastaa aineenvaihduntaa. </p>\r\n<p>Jodin puutteesta kärsineiden tammojen varsat saattavat olla heikkoja tai syntyä kuolleena. </p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Hyviä jodin lähteitä ovat merilevä, kalajauho, teolliset väkirehut (joissa usein käytetään jodioitua suolaa) ja tavalliset kivennäisseokset. </p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Liikaa jodia</strong></strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Jodin (I) liiallinen syöttö saattaa aiheuttaa sikiövaurioita, varsat saattavat olla heikkoja tai syntyä kuolleena. </p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Vähennä runsaasti jodia sisältävän kivennäisrehun määrää, vältä jodioitua suolaa ja merilevää sisältäviä täydennysrehuja . </p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-30 15:54:00','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4601,5565,'{}','{}',41,4,56,'','',623,'',1),(128,'com_content.article','D-vitamiini','vitamin-d-358','<p><strong><strong>&nbsp;<img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän </strong>D-vitamiinia</strong></p>\r\n<p>D-vitamiini on esiaste hormonille, joka säätelee elimistön kalsiumaineenvaihduntaa. D-vitamiinin puutos johtaa luuston epänormaaliin kehittymiseen (riisitauti), heikkoon luuston tiheyteen, vähentää ruokahalua ja lihasvoimaa. </p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: D-vitamiinia muodostuu auringonvalossa hevosen iholla. Auringossa kuivanut heinä, kalanmaksaöljy ja useimmat hevosten väkirehuseokset ja kivennäis/vitamiinirehut ovat hyviä D-vitamiinin lähteitä. </p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liikaa </strong>D-vitamiinia</strong></p>\r\n<p>Pitkäaikainen D-vitamiinin liiallinen saanti johtaa myrkytystilaan, jossa on epänormaalia luustonkehitystä (hypermineralisaatio), kalsiumin kertymistä verisuoniin, sydämeen ja munuaisiin sekä muihin elinten vaurioihin. </p>\r\n<p>Oireina saattavat olla kankeus, heikko ruokahalu ja heikko yleiskunto. Verinäytteissä havaitaan epänormaalin korkea veren kalsiumipitoisuus. Jotkin kasvit sisältävät D-vitamiinin analogeja, jotka saattavat johtaa D-vitamiinimyrkytykseen. </p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Vähennä runsaasti D-vitamiinia sisältävän vitamiini/kivennäisrehun määrää. Korvaa vitamiinia sisältävää kaupallista väkirehuseosta viljalla. Ole varovainen käyttäessäsi useita vitamiini/kivennäisrehuvalmisteita samanaikaisesti, sillä monet näistä sisältävät D-vitamiinia. </p>\r\n<p>Älä anna kalanmaksaöljyä, jos rehustus sisältää jo valmiiksi runsaasti D-vitamiinia.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-26 15:53:39','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4600,5566,'{}','{}',37,4,57,'','',623,'',1),(129,'com_content.article','Lysiini','lysine-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän lysiiniä<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Jos rehustus sisältää riittävästi valkuaista, mutta liian vähän lysiiniä, saattaa valkuaisen laatu olla heikko. Hyvä valkuaisenlaatu on erityisen tärkeää nuorille kasvaville hevosille ja imettäville tammoille.</p>\r\n<p>Deficiency of lysine in the diet impairs growth and development.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Hyviä lysiinin lähteitä ovat mm. kalajauho ja soijarouhe. Korkealaatuista valkuaista sisältävä kaupallinen väkirehuseos saattaisi olla hyödyllinen. </p>\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liikaa lysiiniä</strong></p>\r\n<p>Kallista ja tarpeetonta. Ylimääräinen lysiini käytetään elimistössä energiana. Hevosesi voi kasvattaa lihaksia ja muita kudoksia ainoastaan silloin, kun kaikkia tarvittavia aminohappoja (20) on tasapainoisessa suhteessa toisiinsa nähden. </p>\r\n<p><strong>Ratkaisut</strong>: Valitse rehu, jossa on matalampi valkuaispitoisuus. Säästä rahaa ja vähennä hevosesi maksan kuormitusta. </p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-26 15:40:10','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4599,5567,'{}','{}',42,4,58,'','',623,'',1),(130,'com_content.article','Fosfori','phosphorus-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp;&nbsp; Liian vähän fosforia</strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Fosforia tarvitaan luuston mineralisaatioon ja kaikkien elimistön solujen energia-aineenvaihduntaan. </p>\r\n<p><strong>Suositus</strong>: Runsaasti fosforia sisältäviä rehuja ovat mm. vehnä, kaura, ohra ja kaupalliset väkirehuseokset (5-8 g/kg). Nurmikasvipitoinen heinä sisältää fosforia 1-2 g/kg.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Liikaa fosforia</strong></strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Liiallinen fosfori heikentää kalsiumin imeytymistä ja saattaa johtaa luuston sairauksiin. Liiallinen fosforin saanti saattaa myös heikentää raudan imeytymistä. </p>\r\n<p><strong>Suositukset</strong>: Vähennä runsaasti fofsforia sisältävän kivennäis/vitamiinirehun ja rehujen, kuten vehnänlese,&nbsp; määrää. Tarkastele eri rehuista ruokintaan tulevan fosforin määrää. </p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-26 15:33:57','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4535,5568,'{}','{}',38,5,120,'','',623,'',1),(131,'com_content.article','Kalsium/Fosfori -suhde','capratio-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian matala kalsium/fosfori -suhde</strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Rehustus sisältää liiallisesti fosforia suhteessa kalsiumiin, vaikka kalsiumin kokonaismäärä rehustuksessa saattaa olla hyväksyttävissä. Pitkäaikaisesti jatkuva epätasapainoinen Ca/P -suhde saattaa aiheuttaa luuston sairauksia.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Suositus</strong>: Käytä rehuja, joissa on runsaasti kalsiumia kuten sinimailasta tai kalsiumkarbonaattia. Vähennä fosforipitoisia rehuja, kuten vehnänlese ja viljat. Varmista, että kalsiumin ja fosforin kokonaissaannit ovat suositelluissa rajoissa. \"Ei punaisia tolppia, kiitos!\"<br /><br /></p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Liian korkea kalsum/fosfori -suhde </strong></strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Rehustus sisältää liiallisesti kalsiumia suhteessa fosforiin, vaikka kalsiumin kokonaismäärä saattaakin olla suositelluissa rajoissa. Pitkäaikaisesti jatkuva epätasapainoinen Ca/P -suhde saattaa aiheuttaa luuston sairauksia.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Suositus</strong>: Vähennä kalsiumipitoisten rehujen määrää kuten sinimailanen ja kalsiumkarbonaatti. Lisää rehustukseen fosforipitoisia rehuja, kuten vehnänlese ja viljat. Varmista, että kalsiumin ja fosforin kokonaissaannit ovat suositelluissa rajoissa.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-12-06 13:39:00','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4530,5569,'{}','{}',47,5,125,'','',623,'',1),(132,'com_content.article','Kalsium','calcium-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän kalsiumia<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Kalsium ja fosfori muodostavat kivennäisyhdisteen, joka vastaa luuston kovuudesta ja kestävyydestä. Kalsiumia tarvitaan myös lihaksiston ja hermosolujen normaaliin toimintaan sekä elimistön rauhasten tarpeeseen. </p>\r\n<p>Nuorilla hevosilla kalsiumin puutos aiheuttaa luuston epämuodostumia ja aineenvaihdunnallisia sairauksia, kuten riisitauti ja nivelten irtopalat. </p>\r\n<p><strong>Suositus</strong>: Hyviä kalsiumin lähteitä ovat kivennäisrehut (sisältäen kalsiumkarbonaatin ja dikalsiumfosfaatin), sinimailasheinä ja useimmat kaupalliset rehuvalmisteet (etsi rehuseoksia, jotka sisältävät kalsiumia 6-12 g/kg) Nurmiheinien kalsiumpitoisuus vaihtelee välillä 1.5-5 g/kg. On suositeltavaa pyytää kalsiumanalyysi ostettaessa suuria määriä heinää, erityisesti jos sitä syötetään nuorille kasvaville hevosille. </p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liikaa kalsiumia<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Saattaa johtaa luuston epänormaaliin kehitykseen. Liiallinen kalsium saattaa heikentää sinkin imeytymistä ruuansulatuskanavasta. </p>\r\n<p><strong>Suositus</strong>: Vähennä kalsiumia sisältävän kivennäis/vitamiinirehun määrää. Tarkastele rehustuksessa olevien eri rehujen vaikutusta kalsiumin saantiin. </p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 258px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 258px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-25 13:39:16','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4526,5570,'{}','{}',42,4,129,'','',623,'',1),(133,'com_content.article','Kationi-anionitasapaino ruokinnassa','dcab-358','<p>Kaikki eläimet tarvitsevat useita kivennäisiä rehustuksestaan elimistön tarpeisiin. Sadan vuoden ravitsemustutkimuksen ansiosta tiedämme paljon yksittäisten kivennäisten tarpeesta - on se sitten natrium (suola), kalium tai jodi. Tiedämme esimerkiksi, että hevoselle kaliumin puute on harvinainen, sillä kasvit sisältävät runsaasti tätä kivennäistä.&nbsp; Kuitenkin natriumin pitoisuus karkearehuissa on pieni verrattuna hevosen tarpeeseen. Tämä selittää sen, miksi hevoselle tulee antaa suolaa, muttei kaliumvalmisteita. Natrium ja kalium ovat positiivisesti varautuneita ioneja (kationeja) eli niillä on positiivinen sähkövaraus ja niillä on aina seuranaan sama määrä negatiivisesti varautuneita ioneja (anioneja), sillä rehu kokonaisuudessaan on ilman sähköistä varausta.&nbsp; Yhtäläisesti, kun virtsa erittyy, ei sillä ole sähköistä varausta ja sen tulee sisältää sama määrä negatiivisesti ja positiivisesti varautuneita ioneja saavuttaaksen tämän. Tämän vuoksi ravinnosta saatava ylimääräinen kalium ja natrium eritetään yhdessä negatiivisten ionien kuten kloridin tai sulfaatin kanssa, joita myös saadaan ravinnosta.</p>\r\n<p>Kuten jo todettu, näiden kivennäisten kokonaismäärät ruokinnassa ovat tärkeitä, jotta hevosen elimistön tarpeet täyttyy. Lisäksi natriumin, kaliumin, kloridin ja rikin (sulfaatin) välisellä tasapainolla on erityinen vaikutus elimistön happo-emästasapainon ylläpitämisessä. Tätä tasapainoa kutsutaan \"kationi-anionitasapainoksi\" ja se lasketaan vähentämällä positiivisesti varautuneiden ionien summasta negatiivisten ionien määrä. Tasapaino voi olla positiivinen tai negatiivinen riippuen natriumin, kaliumin, kloridin ja rikin määrästä ruokinnassa.</p>\r\n<p>Yhtä tärkeää kuin natriumin, kaliumin, kloridin ja sulfaatin kokonaismäärät rehustuksessa, on niiden tasapaino (eli erotus pitoisuuksien välillä). Rehustukset, joissa kationi-anionitasapaino muodostuu negatiiviseksi, saavat aikaan elimistön happamoitumisen. Rehustukset, joissa on positiivinen kationi-anionitasapaino vähentävät happamuutta.&nbsp; Kaikki tämä on viimeaikoina lisännyt kiinnostusta kationi-anionitasapainoa kohtaan. Erityisesti urheiluhevosille, jotka syövät runsaasti väkirehua, on hyvä tarjota lievästi alkalisoivaa rehustusta. Rehunvalmistajat voivat säädellä kationi-anionitasapainoa lisäämällä rehuihin erilaisia suolavalmisteita.</p>\r\n<p>Monimutkaiset elimistön fysiologiset prosessit ovat kationi-anionitasapainon vaikutusten takana. Niille, joita kiinnostaa tietää enemmän, olemme alle yrittäneet selittää teoriaa tämän taustalla.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><br /> <img src=\"http://res.pc-horse.com/pc-horse_data/images/DCAB-BALANS.jpg\" alt=\"DCAB\" /></p>\r\n<p>Hevosen elimistön happo-emästasapainoon vaikuttaa elektrolyyttien (erityisesti kaliumin, natriumin, kloridin, sulfaatin tai rikin) määrä syödyssä rehussa.&nbsp; Jos natriumin ja kaliumin (positiivisesti varautuneiden ionien) ja kloridin ja sulfaatin (negatiivisesti varautuneet ionit) välillä on epätasapainoa, elimistö kompensoi erittämällä vetyioneja (hapan) tai vetykarbonaatti-ioneja (emäksinen) virtsassa. Tämän seurauksena virtsan pH-arvo poikkeaa veren pH-arvosta. Muutokset virtsan pH:ssa muuttuvat päivän mittaa osana elimistön happo-emästasapainon säätelyä.</p>\r\n<p>Analysoimalla näiden elektrolyyttien määrät rehustuksessa, voimme laskea rehustuksen vaikutuksen hevosen happo-emästasapainoon. Tasapaino (eli erotus) positiivisesti ja negatiivisesti varautuneiden ionien välillä usein lyhennetään DCAB tai CAB. Kationi-anionitasapaino ei ole ravintoaine, vaan arvo, mikä lasketaan ruokinnassa olevan natriumin, kaliumin, kloridin ja rikin (sulfaatin) määrän perusteella. DCAB voidaan laskea yksittäisestä rehusta tai päivän rehuannoksesta ja yksikkönä on milli-ekvivalentti (mEq).</p>\r\n<p>Jos DCAB on positiivinen, sisältää ruokinta enemmän kaliumia ja natriumia suhteessa kloridiin ja sulfaattiin. Tällainen rehustus edistää elimistössä alkalisoivia reaktioita ja myös nostaa myös virtsan pH:n emäksiseksi, kuten usein kasvissyöjillä, myös hevosilla, on.&nbsp; Jos DCAB on negatiivinen, eläimet korvaavat natriumin tai kaliumin puutteen rehustuksessa hapolla (H+) ja virtsasta tulee hapanta. Lihansyöjillä, kuten koirilla, on yleensä ruokinnassa negatiivinen DCAB ja tämän seurauksena myös hapan virtsa.</p>\r\n<p>Urheiluhevoset altistuvat voimakkaan fyysisen rasituksen seurauksena huomattaville happokuormituksille. Rehustuksen, jossa on suosiollinen kationi-anionitasapaino, oletetaan puskuroivan happokuormitusta ja tämän vuoksi väliaikaisesti helpottavan niiden vaikutusta elimistöön. Nykyään on yhä yleisempää merkitä rehuun myös sen kationi-anionitasapaino ja optimoida urheiluhevosille tarkoitetut rehut niin, että ruokinnan&nbsp; DCAB on +200 to +300 mEq tai korkeampi. PC-Horsen avulla voi pitää silmällä rehustuksen DCAB arvoa ruokinnassa tai yksittäisessä rehuannoksessa. Vaikkei hevosten ruokinnan DCAB arvolle olekaan täysin selvää suositusta, on yleisesti tiedossa ettei negatiivinen DCAB ei ole suositeltavaa. Ruokinta, jossa on pitkäkestoisesti negatiivinen DCAB, on haitallisia vaikutuksia, kuten kalsiumin purkautuminen luustosta.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2017-03-21 08:34:34',0,'2017-12-06 13:41:20','fi-FI','2017-03-21 08:34:34','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4518,5571,'{}','{}',68,10,135,'','',623,'',1),(134,'com_content.article','Kalium (K)','potatissum-358','<p>Tavallisesti karkearehu (ruoho, heinä, säilörehu) sisältää runsaasti kaliumia. Vaikka hevosen kaliumin tarve tunnetaan, emme ole lisänneet kaliumin tarvetta PC-Horseen, sillä tavallisesti käytännön olosuhteissa karkearehusta tulee kaliumia runsaasti yli tarpeen.&nbsp; Erittäin kovassa fyysisessä rasituksessa (matkaratsastus ja muut intensiviiset kilpailumuodot) suositellaan käytettäväksi kaliumia sisältävää elektrolyyttiseosta korvaamaan hien mukana menettetyä kaliumia. Sokeriruokomelassi on myös hyvä kaliumin lähde. </p>\r\n<p>Kasvisoluissa kalium (K+) on yhdessä useiden orgaanisten anionien (negatiivisesti varautuneiden ionien) kanssa. Rehustuksesta saatava ylimääräinen kalium tulee erittää virtsan ja lannan mukana yhdessä anionien, kuten bikarbonaatti tai kloridi, kanssa. Runsas bikarbonaatin eritys johtaa virtsan emäksisyyteen, mikä on tyypillistä pelkästään kasveja syöville eläimille. Rehun sisältämä kalium on osa kationi-anionitasapainoa (DCAB), jonka PC-Horse laskee rehussa tai koko rehuannoksessa (katso myöhemmin).</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-26 15:20:01','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4512,5572,'{}','{}',47,4,141,'','',623,'',1),(135,'com_content.article','C-vitamiini','vitamin-c-358','<p>C-vitamiini on antioksidantti, mutta sillä on myös muita tehtäviä elimistössä. </p>\r\n<p>Hevoset (kuten monet muutkin eläimet) muodostavat C-vitamiinia glukoosista. Hevosten C-vitamiinin tarvetta ei ole määritelty yhtä tarkoin kuin muiden PC-Horsesta löytyvien vitamiinien. Vaikka hevonen normaalisti muodostaa riittävästi C-vitamiinia, on hevosten väkirehuseoksiin ja kivennäis/vitamiinirehuihin usein lisätty C-vitamiinia.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 51px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 51px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-26 10:39:55','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4507,5573,'{}','{}',43,4,146,'','',623,'',1),(136,'com_content.article','Biotiini','biotin-358','<p>Biotiinilla on tärkeä osa monissa elimistön aineenvaihdunnallisissa reaktioissa, sisältäen rasvahappo- ja aminohappoaineenvahdunnan ja glukoosin tuottamisen. Biotiinia tarvitaan myös normaaliin solujen jakautumiseen. </p>\r\n<p>Biotiinia on useissa rehuissa ja rehuraaka-aineissa. Biotiinia on esimerkiksi sinimailasheinässä 0.2 mg/kg KA, kaurassa 0.1 - 0.4 mg/kg KA ja ohrassa 0.13 - 0.17 mg/kg KA.</p>\r\n<p>Biotiini on yksi vesiliukoisista B-vitamiineista. Hevosen aivan tarkkaa biotiinin tarvetta ei tunneta.&nbsp; Tämän vuoksi PC-Horse ei varoita rehustuksesta puuttuvasta tai mahdollisesti liiallisesti tulevasta biotiinista. Tavallisesti ruuansulatuskanavan mikrobit tuottavat riittävästi biotiinia kattamaan hevosen tarpeen. Biotiinilla on todettu olevan positiivinen vaikutus kavion kasvuun ja korjaavan vaurioituneita kavioita. Näissä tapauksissa suositellaan kohtuullisen suuria biotiiniannoksia (10-30 mg/päivä) 7-9 kuukauden ajan.&nbsp; </p>\r\n<p>Monissa kivennäis- ja vitamiiniseoksissa on lisättyä biotiinia. On saatavilla myös erityisen runsaasti biotiinia sisältäviä täydennysrehuvalmisteita. </p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-25 13:28:00','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4502,5574,'{}','{}',44,4,151,'','',623,'',1),(137,'com_content.article','Rasva','fat-358','<p><strong><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän rasvaa<br /></strong></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Useimmat hevosten rehustukset sisältävät vähän rasvaa. Karkearehuissa, kuten heinässä ja säilöheinässä, sulavan rasvan määrä on yleensä 10-15 g/kg ka. Kilossa ohraa on rasvaa noin 20 g ja kaurassa 50 g. </p>\r\n<p>Kasviöljyjen muodossa oleva energia voi olla tärkeä energianlähde hevoselle, erityisesti sellaisille hevosille, joilla on ongelmia veren sokeripitoisuuden (glukoosin) tason säätelyssä ja rehutuksen tulee tämän vuoksi sisältää vain hyvin vähän viljaa. Tämän vuoksi rasvaa suositellaan hevosille, joilla on kaviokuumetausta, lannehalvausoireita ja lihasvaurioita. </p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liikaa rasvaa<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Hevoset sulattavat rasvaa hyvin, kun sitä lisätään rehustukseen kohtuullisia määriä. Kun ruokintaan lisätään kasviöljyä, oletamme ongelmattomaksi öljyn käyttömääräksi 0.1 kg/100 kg elopainoa. Tämä tarkoittaa, että voit antaa 500 kg painavalle hevoselle 0.5 litraa öljyä päivässä. Hevoset eivät erityisesti pidä kasviöljyistä. Tämän vuoksi öljy tulee sekoittaa maittavaan rehuun, kuten vilja tai väkirehuseokset.&nbsp; </p>\r\n<p>Rasvassa on runsaasti energiaa ja sisältää usein energiaa kolme kertaa enemmän kuin väkirehuseokset. Tämä tarkoittaa, että 0,3 kg öljyä sisältää yhtä paljon energiaa kuin 1 kg väkirehua. </p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-25 14:19:31','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4497,5575,'{}','{}',43,4,156,'','',623,'',1),(138,'com_content.article','Sokeri','sugar-358','<p>Rehuissa olevien sokerien määrä on mahdollista analysoida useilla erilaisilla tavoilla. Yleisin analyysimenetelmä on \"kokonaissokerit\", joka mittaa yksittäisten sokerien määrät kuten glukoosi, fruktoosi ja sakkaroosi.</p>\r\n<p>Tavallisesti heinän sokeripitoisuus on noin 100 grammaa/kg, mutta pitoisuuksissa saattaa olla huomattavaa vaihtelua. Säilöheinässä osa alkuperäisistä sokereista hajoaa käymisprosessin aikana ja sokeripitoisuus on yleensä matalampi.&nbsp; Viljojen ja väkirehujen sokeripitoisuus on matala (tyypillinen sokeripitoisuus kauralle ja ohralle on noin 18-20 g/kg). Rehut, joihin on lisätty seosmelassia, sisältävät kuitenkin enemmän sokeria. <br /><br />Heinän ja säilöhienän sokeri harvoin aiheuttaa hevoselle ongelmia. Karkearehun syönti jakautuu vuorokaudessa useiden tuntien ajanjaksolle. Tämän vuoksi sokeri imeytyy ohutsuolesta tasaisesti pidemmällä aikavälillä, eikä aiheuta suuria heilahtelua veren sokeripitoisuuteen.</p>\r\n<p>Insuliiniresistenssit hevoset saattavat hyötyä matalasokerisen karkearehun käytöstä, kuten myös hevoset, joilla on vaikeuksia veren sokeripitoisuuden säätelyssä.</p>\r\n<p><br /><strong>Fruktaanit</strong></p>\r\n<p>Fruktaanit ovat sokeriyhdisteitä (polysakkarideja), joita kasvit varastoivat energianlähteekseen. Hevosella ei ole entsyymiä, joka hajottaisi fruktaania ohusuolessa. Tämän vuoksi nämä hiilihydraatit eivt hajoa ja imeydy ohutsuolessa tärkkelyksen ja yksittäisten sokerien tavoin. Fruktaanit kulkeutuvat umpisuoleen, missä mikrobit hajottavat sitä. Jos rehustus sisältää fruktaania suuria määriä, se saattaa suurien tärkkelysmäärien tavoin aiheuttaa häiriöitä mikrobiston toimintaan ja saada aikaan haitalliset olosuhteet umpisuoleen. Joillain hevosilla tämä saattaa aiheuttaa kaviokuumetta. Tämän vuoksi on eirittäin tärkeää totuttaa hevoset pikkuhiljaa tuoreeseen ja voimakkaaseen laidunruohoon.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>Fruktaanien määrä ruohossa vaihtelee sääolosuhteiden ja kasvilajin mukaan. Kylmällä säällä fruktaanipitoisuus saattaa olla korkeampi kuin lämpimänä aikajaksona. Kuumina kesäpäivinä ei tarvitse olla huolissaan. Alkukesällä ja syksyllä, öiden ja aamujen ollessa kylmiä, saattaa ruohon fruktaanipitoisuus olla todella korkea. Tämän vuoksi on viisasta tarkkailla hevosen reagointia laidunnukseen erityisesti laidunnuskauden alussa ja lopussa. </p>\r\n<p>Koska ruohon fruktaanipitoisuus vaihtelee huomattavasti, ei pitoisuutta yleensä analysoida. Koska eri kasvilajien fruktaanipitoisuuksissa on huomattavia eroja, on itse heinää viljelevillä mahdollisuus valita nurmiseokseen sellainen koostumus, jossa on maltilliset fruktaanipitoisuudet. </p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-17 14:37:03',0,'2017-12-03 09:41:39','fi-FI','2016-11-17 14:37:03','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4492,5576,'{}','{}',47,6,161,'','',623,'',1),(139,'com_content.article','Tärkkelys','starch-358','<p>Jos sait varoituksen liian suuresta tärkkelysmäärästä rehuannoksessa, tulisi Sinun jakaa väkirehut ja viljat tasaisesti suunnteltuihin ruokintakertoihin ja tarvittaessa lisätä ruokintakertoja. Voit myös yrittää korvata osan väkirehusta hyvälaatuisella karkearehulla (heinä, säilöheinä) tai melassileikkeellä.&nbsp; Voit alta lukea enemmän tärkkelyksestä ja miten tämän rehukomponentti sulatetaan.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Tärkkelys hevosen ruokinnassa</strong><br />Tärkkelys on hiilihydraatti, jota on kasvien siemenissä ja juurissa, kuten viljoissa ja perunassa, ollen tärkeä energiavarasto kasville. Tätä voi verrata eläinten energiavarastona käyttämään rasvaan. Tärkkelys on viljan jyvän energiarikkain osa. Kauran ja ohran tärkkelyspitoisuus on noin 500 g per kg (50% painosta). Ohrassa on hieman enemmän tärkkelystä kuin kaurassa.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Tärkkelyksen sulatus hevosen ruuansulatuskanavassa</strong><br />Haluamme mahdollisimman suuren osan tärkkelyksestä sulavan ja imeytyvän ohutsuolesta. Tärkkelys, joka ei imeydy ohutsuolesta, kulkeutuu umpisuoleen. Hevosen umpisuoli on hyvin suurikokoinen. Umpisuolessa tärkkelys saattaa johtaa mikrobiston epätasapainoon, pH:n laskuun ja heikentää kuidun sulatusta.</p>\r\n<p>Tärkkelyksen kemiallinen ja fysikaalinen rakenne vaihtelee eri viljalajien välillä. Kauran tärkkelys on helpommin sulavaa kuin ohran tai maissin tärkkelys. Tällä on käytännön merkitystä hevosen ruokinnassa, sillä hevonen pystyy sulattamaan ohutsuolessa enemmän kauran tärkkelystä kuin muiden viljalajien tärkkelystä. Kun ohraa ja maissia käsitellään paineella ja lämmöllä, kuten tyypillisissä teollisissa rehunvalmistusprosesseissa, tulee tärkkelyksestä tulee helpommin sulavaa ja se käyttäytyy ruuansulatuskanavassa enemmän kauran tärkkelyksen tavoin.</p>\r\n<p><br />Ohutsuolessa muodostuu glukoosia useiden entsyymien pilkkoessa tärkkelystä ja glukoosi imeytyy verenkiertoon. Viljaa sisältävä rehuannos nostaa muutamassa tunnissa hevosen veren glukoosipitoisuutta (veren sokeria). Veren sokeripitoisuutta säätelee hormoni nimeltä insuliini. Insuliinin eritys lisääntyy rehuannoksen syömisen jälkeen ja hormoni edistää glukoosin varastoitumista glykogeeninä maksaan ja lihaksistoon. Glykogeeni on hevoselle tärkeä energianlähde ja sitä mobilisoidaan tarvittaessa nopeasti esimerkiksi raskaan valmennuksen ja kilpailemisen aikana.</p>\r\n<p>Hevoset ovat herkkiä veren sokeripitoisuuden vaihtelulle. Joillain hevosilla, erityisesti poneilla, sattaa olla ongelmia veren sokeripitoisuuden säätelyssä (insuliiniresistenssin muodossa). Jotkin hevoset saattavat myös jännittyä veren sokeripitoisuuden noustessa nopeasti (kuumeneminen). Tämän vuoksi on tärkeää ottaa huomioon hevosen yksittäisillä ruokintakerroilla saaman tärkkelysken määrä.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Suositus</strong><br />Ominaisuuksiensa vuoksi tärkkelys on hevosen ruokinnassa sekä tärkeä energianlähde että ruuansulatuskanavassa mahdollinen haitallisten reaktoiden aiheuttaja. Kuten jo aiemmin mainittu, emme halua liian paljon sulamatonta tärkkelystä umpisuoleen. Samanaikaiseti tärkkelyksen ei tulisi olla liian nopeasti sulavaa, sillä tämä johtaa veren sokeripitoisuuden liialliseen nousuun. Tämän vuoksi on tärkeää olla tiedossa miten runsaasti tärkkelystä sisältävä ruokintaa vaikuttaa hevoseesi ja miten saavutetaan sellainen tärkkelyksen sulavuus, joka tasapainottaa näitä kahta edellä mainittua asiaa. PC-Horsen avulla voit varmistaa, että yksittäisten rehuannosten tärkkelyspitoisuus on suositusten rajoissa.</p>\r\n<p>Tavallisille terveille hevosille suosittelemme, ettei yksittäinen rehuannos sisältäisi yli 1,5 grammaa tärkkelystä / kg elopainoa. Tämä tarkoittaa, että 500 kg painavan hevosen ei tulisi saada tärkkelystä yli 750 g ruokintakertaa kohden.&nbsp; Koska viljat ja viljaseokset sisältävät tärkkelystä 400-500 gramma/kg, ei sinun tulisi antaa kerrallaan yli 1,5 kg viljaa tai viljaseosta. Jos hevosellasi on korkea energiantarve ja se saa runsaasti viljaa ja väkirehua, suosittelemme lisämään päivittäisiä ruokintakertoja tai vaihtamaan rehujen jakautumista rehuannosten kesken, jos yksittäisen ruokintakerran tärkkelysmäärä nousee liian suureksi.&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horsessa voit jakaa hevosen päivittäisen rehumäärän erillisiin ruokintakertoihin. Tämän jälkeen saat varoituksen, jos yhdessä tai useammassa rehuannoksessa nousee yli asetettujen rajojen. Hevosille, joilla on ongelmia verensokeripitoisuuden säätelyn kanssa tai kehittävät helposti lannehalvausoireita, on suositeltavaa antaa vähemmän tärkkelystä kuin suositeltu raja 1,5 g/kg elopainoa. Vaihtoehtoisesti voit vähentää viljan tai väkirehuseoksen määrää ja lisätä ruokintaan kasviöljyä (katso myöhemmin) laskematta liian paljon ruokinnan energiamäärää. </p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 205px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 205px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-27 17:52:38','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4487,5577,'{}','{}',40,8,166,'','',623,'',1),(140,'com_content.article','Kuitu','fibre-358','<p>Hevonen on ruohoa syövä (kasvissyöjä) eläin ja sen ruuansulatuskanava on sopeutunut rehustukseen, joka pohjautuu pääosin karkearehuun, kuten ruohoon ja yrtteihin, joko tuoreena tai kuivattuna heinänä tai säilöheinänä.&nbsp; Karkearehut sisältävät runsaasti kuitua ja hevonen tarvitsee tätä kuitua sekä energianlähteeksi että rakenteellisena materiaalina, joka varmistaa ruuansulatuskanavan kunnollisen toiminnan. Voimme jakaa hevosen ruuansulatuskanavan kahteen osaan. Ensimmäisessa osassa, mahalaukussa ja ohutsuolessa, on entsyymejä, jotka sulattuvat tärkkelystä, sokereita, valkuaisaineita ja rasvaa. Seuraavana tulee umpi- ja paksusuoli, jonka runsas mikrobisto (mm. alkueläimet, bakteerit ja hiivat) hajottaa kuitupartikkeleita lyhytkejuisiksi rasvahapoiksi. Lyhytketjuiset rasvahapot voivat imeytyä ja hevonen voi käyttää niitä energianlähteenään. Runsaasti karkearehua sisältävillä ruokinnoilla merkittävä osan hevosen energiantarpeesta katetaan kuidusta peräisin olevilla rasvahapoilla.&nbsp; vaikka kuitufraktion selluloosa kostuu glukoosimolekyyleistä, mikrobisto muuntaa glukoosin lyhytkejuisiksi (haihtuviksi) rasvahapoiksi - jotka myöhemmin imeytyvät. Tämän vuoksi kuidun sulatuksen aineenvaihduntatuotteet eivät vaikuta hevosen veren sokeripitoisuuteen eikä insuliinin eritykseen.</p>\r\n<p>Runsaasti kuitua sisältävät ruokinnan vaativat pidemmän pureskeluajan. Tämä antaa hevoselle tekemistä ja lisää syömiseen käytettyä aikaa. Tämä on tärkeää hevosen hyvinvoinnille ja lisää myös syöjen eritystä, mikä puolestaan vähentää mahahaavan riskiä.</p>\r\n<p>Hevosen ruokinnan tulee sisältää tietty määrä karkearehua ja PC-Horsessa raja on asetettu olemaan 1.5 kg/100 kg elopainoa. Käytettäessä kosteampaa säilöheinää on tärkeää huomioida sen määrä vastaamaan karkearehun tarvetta kuiva-aineessa. Tämä lasketaan helposti seuraavalla tavalla:</p>\r\n<p><br />heinä (kg x 85)<br />----------------------------------------------- = kg säilöheinää<br />kuiva-ainepitoisuus, % säilöheinässä</p>\r\n<p>Esimerkki: 500 kg painava hevonen tarvitsee heinää 7.5 kg päivässä. Kuinka paljon säilöheinää, jonka kuiva-ainepitoisuus on 60%, tulee antaa vastatakseen 7.5 kg heinää:</p>\r\n<p>7.5 kg heinää x 85<br />-------------------- = 10.6 kg heinää<br />60</p>\r\n<p>Karkearehujen kuitupitoisuus vaihtelee huomattavasti kasvilajin mukaisesti ja myös kasvuasteesta toiseen.&nbsp; Kun kasvit korjataan aikaisessa kasvuvaiheessa, kuitupitoisuus ei ole korkea, mutta kuidun ravitsemuksellinen arvo on korkeimmillaan. Myöhemmällä kasvuasteella korjattaessa kuitupitoisuus on korkeampi, mutta samanaikaan lisääntyvä ligniinin määrä vähentää kuidun ravitsemuksellista arvoa. Tämän vuoksi tulee tarkoin miettiä, minkälaatuinen karkearehu sopii erilaisille hevostyypeille parhaiten.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse laskee kuidun määrän rehustuksessa perustuen analyysin raakakuitupitoisuuteen. Tavallisessa heinässä tai säilöheinässä on raakakuitua noin 300 grammaa/kg kuiva-ainetta (KA). Tämä on hieman matalampi aikaisin korjatuilla ja korkeampi myöhään korjatuilla karkearehuilla. </p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse asettaa kuidun minimitarpeeksi päiväannoksessa 3 grammaa/kg elopainoa ja mieluiten määrä saisi olla tätä suurempi. Tämä minimimäärä vastaa suurinpiirtein aiemmin mainittuja karkearehumääriä. </p>\r\n<p>On olemassa useita analyysimenetelmiä karkearehujen kuitupitoisuuden määrittelemiseksi. Kaikki suositukset PC-Horsessa perustuvat raakakuituanalyysiin ja tämä on ainoa menetelmä, jota tulisi käyttää lisättäessä kuidun pitoisuus ohjelmaan. Jos valitaan NDF-kuitu (neutraalidetergenttikuitu), usein naudalle käytettävä kuituanalyysi, saat kaksinkertaisen numeroarvon verrattuna raakakuituanalyysiin.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-26 17:30:49','fi-FI','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4482,5578,'{}','{}',46,5,171,'','',623,'',1),(141,'com_content.article','Valkuainen','protein-358','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Liian vähän valkuaista<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Kun ruokinnassa on liian vähän valkuaista, hidastuu nuorten hevosten kasvu ja kehitys. Vastasyntyneet varsat saattavat olla pieniä ja heikkoja ja tammjen maidontuotanto matala. Lihasmassa pienenee ja kilpailutulokset heikkenevät.</p>\r\n<p>Valkuaisen puutos saattaa heikentää ruokahalua, aiheuttaa kavioiden laadun heikkenemistä ja karva on kiilloton. Kun rehuista analysoidaan raakavalkuaispitoisuus, sisältyy analyysitulokseen myös joitain ei-valkuaisyhdisteitä, joilla saattaa olla heikko ravitsemuksellinen arvo. Tämän vuoksi sulavan raakavalkuaisen määrä on tärkeämpi.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Suositukset</strong>: Hyviä valkuaisenlähteitä ovat mm. kalajauho, soijarouhe ja runsaasti valkuaista sisältävät rehuseokset. Etsi erilaisia vaihtoehtoja ohjelmastasi.&nbsp; Aikaisin korjattu apilapitoinen heinä, aikaisella korjuuasteella oleva ruoho, sinimailanen ja säilöheinä sisältää runsaasti valkuaista.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" /> Liikaa valkuaista<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Kallista ja tarpeetonta. Saattaa olla haitallista nuorille kasvaville hevosille ja heikentää urheiluhevosten tuloksia.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Suositukset</strong>: Valitse rehuja (väkirehuseoksia), joissa on matala valkuaispitoisuus. Vähennä erityisesti runsaasti valkuaista sisältävien rehujen, kuten kalajauhon ja soijarouheen määrää. Saattaa olla tarpeen rajoittaa laidunnusta erityisesti aikaisin kesällä.</p>\r\n<p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-17 14:41:53',0,'2017-12-02 12:37:10','fi-FI','2016-11-17 14:41:53','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4301,5579,'{}','{}',58,9,270,'','',623,'',1),(142,'com_content.article','Help','starthelpguide33','<p>This page is under development. It will guide you to relevant version3-pages when ready.</p>\r\n<div>\r\n<table border=\"2\" style=\"width: 700px;\" cellspacing=\"5px\" cellpadding=\"5px;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon100pixManual.png\" alt=\"icon100pixManual\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" />MANUAL</strong></p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon100pixMovie.png\" alt=\"icon100pixMovie\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" />DEMOS</strong></p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon100pixSupport.png\" alt=\"icon100pixSupport\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" />SUPPORT</strong></p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Read more in detail what you can do in PC-Horse version 3</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Learn how to use the most important functions</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Problems? Call us for assistance directly on your computer</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon100pixFeedListMix.png\" alt=\"icon100pixFeedListMix\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" /> GUIDES</strong></p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon100pixNutrients.png\" alt=\"icon100pixNutrients\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" />NUTRIENTS</strong></p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon100pixCompareVersions.png\" alt=\"icon100pixCompareVersions\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" />COMPARE</strong></p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span lang=\"en\">What happens when underdosing or overdose of important nutrients</span>?</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Articles on requirements, nutrients, minerals and vitamines</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">See which version of PC-Horse best suits your needs</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n</div>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"0\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2017-11-16 11:27:30',0,'2017-12-06 13:35:17','fr-FR','2017-11-16 11:27:30','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4658,5580,'{}','{}',12,3,1,'','',623,'',1),(143,'com_content.article','Chlore','chlor-33','<p><strong><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de Chlore</strong></strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Le texte sera complèté prochainement.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-17 14:37:03',81,'2017-12-16 18:14:59','fr-FR','2016-11-17 14:37:03','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4647,5581,'{}','{}',48,4,12,'','',623,'',1),(144,'com_content.article','Soufre','sulphur-33','<p><strong><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de Soufre</strong></strong> (S)</strong></p>\r\n<p>Le soufre est élément chimique. <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">Dans le corps, le soufre fait partie des acides aminés cystéine et méthionine.</span> <span class=\"\">Ces acides aminés sont appelés acides aminés soufrés, et ils sont représentés dans pratiquement toutes les protéines qui composent le corps.</span> <span class=\"alt-edited\">Le soufre fait entre autre également partie des vitamines B&nbsp;<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"alt-edited\"> thiamine</span></span> (vitamine B1) et de la biotine, de l\'héparine - anticoagulant naturel, et du sulfate de chondroïtine, un constituant important du cartilage dans toutes les surfaces articulaires.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span class=\"\">Les chevaux couvrent leurs besoins en soufre par l\'ingestion de molécules alimentaires organiques contenant du soufre, principalement les acides aminés méthionine et cystéine.</span> <span class=\"\">Lorsque la ration contient suffisamment de protéines, de préférence de plusieurs sources, il n\'y aura pas de carence en soufre.</span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-17 14:37:03',81,'2017-12-16 18:13:29','fr-FR','2016-11-17 14:37:03','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4643,5582,'{}','{}',53,6,16,'','',623,'',1),(145,'com_content.article','Acide folique','folic-acid-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu d\'acide folique<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Les carences ne sont pas indiquées car les besoins ne sont pas bien définis</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Supplémenter</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Trop d\'acide folique</strong></strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Un surdosage ne se produit pas dans des conditions normales d\'alimentation</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Aucune </p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-14 18:24:09','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4639,5583,'{}','{}',57,4,20,'','',623,'',1),(146,'com_content.article','Niacine ','niacin-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de</strong> Niacine</strong></p>\r\n<p>Les carences ne sont pas signalées, les besoins n\'étant pas connus avec précision.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Augmenter les apports.<br />&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop de </strong>Niacine</strong></p>\r\n<p>Dans des conditions normales, les excès n\'existent pas.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Aucune&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-16 18:03:48','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4556,5584,'{}','{}',47,4,99,'','',623,'',1),(147,'com_content.article','Vitamine B12','vitamin-b12-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de V</strong>itamine B12</strong></p>\r\n<p>Vitamine B12 : les micro-organismes du gros intestin (colon et caecum) produisent normalement en quantités suffisantes les vitamines du groupe B.</p>\r\n<p>L\'absorption de la Vitamine B12 nécessite un transporteur protéique produit par la muqueuse. de l\'estomac. Toute pathologie de l\'estomac (ulcères, infestations parasitaires) peut induire des anémies secondaires liées à une carence en vitamine B12 (mauvaise absorption).</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Augmenter les apports en aliments riches en vitamine B12. (Veillez également au programme de vermifugation qui doit être mis en oeuvre de façon rigoureuse).</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Trop de V</strong>itamine B12</strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Un excès modéré en vitamine B12 n\'induit pas de troubles.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Aucune</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-16 18:02:50','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4555,5585,'{}','{}',46,4,100,'','',623,'',1),(148,'com_content.article','Vitamine B6 ','vitamin-b6-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de V</strong>itamine B6</strong></p>\r\n<p>Vitamine B6 (Pyridoxine): les micro-organismes du gros intestin (colon et caecum) produisent normalement en quantités suffisantes les vitamines du groupe B.</p>\r\n<p>Une production insuffisante de vitamines B a été observée parfois avec des rations riches en concentrés et pauvres en fourrages. Veuillez à maintenir un bon ratio fourrage/concentrés.</p>\r\n<p>Le stress et le travail intensif peuvent avoir les mêmes effets et une supplémentation peut alors être nécessaire.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: La plupart des compléments minéraux ou aliments du commerce sont enrichis en vitamine B. Les levures de boulanger et les issues de brasseries sont riches en vitamine B6.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Trop de V</strong>itamine B6</strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Un excès modéré en vitamine B6 n\'induit pas de troubles.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Réduire les compléments vitaminés. Economisez de l\'argent !</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-16 18:01:20','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4554,5586,'{}','{}',48,4,101,'','',623,'',1),(149,'com_content.article','Vitamine B2','vitamin-b2-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de V</strong>itamine B2</strong></p>\r\n<p>Vitamine B2 (Riboflavine): les micro-organismes du gros intestin (colon et caecum) produisent normalement en quantités suffisantes les vitamines du groupe B. Une production insuffisante de vitamines B a été observée parfois avec des rations riches en concentrés et pauvres en fourrages. Veuillez à maintenir un bon ratio fourrage/concentrés.</p>\r\n<p>Le stress et le travail intensif peuvent avoir les mêmes effets et une supplémentation peut alors être nécessaire.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: La plupart des compléments minéraux ou aliments du commerce sont enrichis en vitamine B. Les levures de boulanger et les issues de brasseries sont riches en vitamine B2.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Trop de V</strong>itamine B2</strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Un excès modéré en vitamine B2 n\'induit pas de troubles.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Réduire les compléments vitaminés. Economisez de l\'argent !</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-16 17:59:21','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4553,5587,'{}','{}',45,5,102,'','',623,'',1),(150,'com_content.article','Vitamine B1','vitamin-b1-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de V</strong>itamine B1</strong></p>\r\n<p>Vitamine B1 (Thiamine): les micro-organismes du gros intestin (colon et caecum) produisent normalement en quantités suffisantes les vitamines du groupe B.</p>\r\n<p>Une production insuffisante de vitamines B a été observée parfois avec des rations riches en concentrés et pauvres en fourrages. Veillez à maintenir un bon ratio fourrage/concentrés.</p>\r\n<p>Le stress et le travail intensif peuvent avoir les mêmes effets et une supplémentation peut alors être nécessaire.</p>\r\n<p><strong> Solutions</strong>: La plupart des compléments minéraux ou aliments du commerce sont enrichis en vitamine B. Les levures de boulanger et les issues de brasseries sont riches en vitamine B1.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Trop de V</strong>itamine B1</strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Un excès modéré en vitamine B1 n\'induit pas de troubles.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Réduire les compléments vitaminés. Economisez de l\'argent!</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-16 17:57:37','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4552,5588,'{}','{}',48,4,103,'','',623,'',1),(151,'com_content.article','Vitamine E ','vitamin-e-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de</strong> Vitamine E</strong></p>\r\n<p>La Vitamine E agit comme un antioxydant pour les lipides des membranes cellulaires. La vitamine E a un rôle similaire au sélénium. Une carence induit la dystrophie musculaire (maladie du muscle blanc), des mouvements incoordonnés et des boiteries.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: La plupart des compléments minéraux ou aliments du commerce sont enrichis en vitamine E. Des mélanges spécifiques de vitamine E + Sélénium sont commercialisés dans de nombreux pays.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Trop de</strong> Vitamine E</strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Un excès modéré en vitamine E n\'induit pas de troubles. Les recommandations pour la vitamine E ont même augmenté depuis ces 2O dernières années.</p>\r\n<p>Un excès peut néanmoins affecter l\'utilisation d\'autres vitamines liposolubles (A, D and K).</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Réduire les compléments vitaminés. Economisez de l\'argent !</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-16 17:55:50','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4551,5589,'{}','{}',47,4,104,'','',623,'',1),(152,'com_content.article','Vitamine D','vitamin-d-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de </strong>Vitamine D</strong></p>\r\n<p>La vitamine D est un précurseur des hormones assurant la régulation du métabolisme calcique. Une carence en vitamine D induit des malformations squelettiques (rachitisme), réduit la minéralisation des os ainsi que l\'appétit et la force musculaire.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: La vitamine D est synthétisée par la peau lors de l\'exposition au soleil. Les foins séchés au soleil, l\'huile de foie de morue et la plupart des compléments minéraux et vitaminés sont de bonnes sources de vitamine D.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Trop de </strong>Vitamine D</strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Un excès prolongé de vitamine D peut induire une intoxication qui se caractérise par un développement osseux anormal (hyperminéraliation), la calcification des vaisseaux sanguins, du coeur et des reins et des dommages du foie et de nombreux organes.</p>\r\n<p>Une démarche raide, une perte d\'appétit et un mauvais état général sont des symptômes associés. Une analyse de sang peut révéler des concentrations plasmatiques de Ca anormalement élevées. Certaines plantes contiennent des analogues de la vitamine D pouvant induire une intoxication.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Donnez des compléments moins riches en vitamine D. Préférez alors les céréales aux concentrés du commerce (enrichis en vitamine D). Veillez à ne pas donner plus d\'un complément minéral et vitaminé car ils sont pratiquement tous enrichis en vitamine D.</p>\r\n<p>Ne donnez pas d\'huile de foie de morue si la ration est déjà riche en vitamine D.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-16 17:54:00','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4550,5590,'{}','{}',45,4,105,'','',623,'',1),(153,'com_content.article','Vitamine A ','vitamin-a-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de </strong>Vitamine A</strong></p>\r\n<p>La Vitamine A intervient dans la vision, la formation et la protection de la peau et des épithéliums et la formation des os.</p>\r\n<p>Une carence en Vitamine A entraîne une réduction de la vision nocturne et crépusculaire, une desquamation de la peau, une perte d\'appétit, une réduction de la vitesse de croissance et des performances de reproduction, et un état général médiocre.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: La plupart des compléments minéraux ou aliments du commerce sont enrichis en vitamine A. L\'huile de foie de morue, les carottes, l\'herbe fraîche, l\'enrubanné et le foin bien conservé sont de bonnes sources de vitamine A.</p>\r\n<p>L\'herbe et l\'enrubanné contiennent également du beta-carotène qui est transformé en vitamine A dans l\'organisme.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop de</strong> Vitamine A<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>La vitamine A existe sous deux formes, le Rétinol et le bétacarotène, qui est un précurseur de la vitamine A, et est présent dans l\'herbe et dans d\'autres aliments contenant des pigments jaunes et rouges (carottes par exemple).</p>\r\n<p>En conditions normales d\'alimentation le risque de toxicité du bétacarotène est bas, car l\'absoption intestinale est incomplète. L\'herbe, l\'enrubanné et les carottes sont des aliments riches en bétacarotène. Lorsque vous les utilisez, surveillez bien la \"ligne en rouge\" de la vitamine A</p>\r\n<p>Si la plus grande partie de la vitamine A de la ration provient de ces aliments, vous pouvez accepter la \"ligne en rouge\" pour la vitamine A.</p>\r\n<p>La fenêtre centrale sur l\'écran d\'aide vous donne une analyse de la contribution de chaque aliment pour la dose totale ingérée en vitamine A.</p>\r\n<p>Un excès prolongé de vitamine A peut induire une intoxication qui se traduit par une faiblesse ou des anomalies osseuses, des chutes de poils et des problèmes de peau.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Donnez des compléments moins riches en vitamine A. Préférez alors les céréales aux concentrés du commerce (enrichis en vitamine A). Veillez à ne pas donner plus d\'un complément minéral et vitaminé, car ils sont pratiquement tous enrichis en vitamine A.</p>\r\n<p>Ne donnez pas d\'huile de foie de morue si la ration est déjà riche en vitamine A.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-16 17:52:04','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4549,5591,'{}','{}',49,4,106,'','',623,'',1),(154,'com_content.article','Iode','iodine-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu</strong> d\'Iode<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>L\'iode (I) est indispensable à la synthèse des hormones thyroïdiennes (thyroxine) qui contrôlent le métabolisme de base de l\'animal. Une carence en iode entraîne l\'apparition d\'un goitre et réduit le rendement métabolique.</p>\r\n<p>Les poulains nés de mères carencées ou insuffisamment supplémentées en iode sont faibles à la naissance ou parfois mort-nés.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Les meilleures sources d\'iode sont les algues, et les aliments ou compléments du commerce (contenant souvent du sel de mer riche en iode).</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop de</strong> Iode<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Un excès d\'iode (I) entraîne des anomalies foetales et la naissance de poulains faibles ou mort-nés.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Réduire les compléments riches en iode, le sel iodé et les compléments contenant des algues marines.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-16 17:44:41','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4548,5592,'{}','{}',47,4,107,'','',623,'',1),(155,'com_content.article','Cobalt','cobalt-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de</strong> Cobalt<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Le Cobalt (Co) est indispensable à la fabrication de la vitamine B12. L\'herbe en régions côtières peut parfois être pauvre en cobalt.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: La plupart des compléments minéraux ou aliments du commerce sont enrichis en Cobalt. Choisir les plus riches d\'entre eux dans la liste des aliments.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop de </strong>Cobalt</strong></p>\r\n<p>Un léger excès en Cobalt (Co) n\'est pas considéré comme toxique. Veillez toutefois à ce que les apports soient corrects. \"Pas de ligne rouge s\'il vous plait!\"</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions </strong>: Réduire les apports en compléments minéraux ou aliments du commerce riches en cobalt.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-16 17:40:51','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4547,5593,'{}','{}',49,4,108,'','',623,'',1),(156,'com_content.article','Sélénium','selenium-33','<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de Sélénium<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Le Sélénium (Se) est un constituant de l\'enzyme glutathion peroxydase qui joue un rôle dans la protection des membranes cellulaires.</p>\r\n<p>Un déficit en Sélénium peut induire une dystrophie musculaire, des nouveaux-nés incapables de téter et de nombreuses autres pathologies.</p>\r\n<p>Dans de nombreuses régions, où le sol est pauvre en sélénium, une supplémentation en sélénium doit être systématisée pour tous les types d\'élevage.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: La plupart des compléments minéraux et vitaminés ou aliments du commerce pour chevaux sont enrichis en Sélénium. Choisir les plus riches en Sélénium, dans la liste des aliments.</p>\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop de Sélénium<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Le sélénium est toxique et un excès se prolongeant sur une trop longue période entraîne une intoxication et la mort.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Réduire les apports en compléments minéraux et vitaminés ou aliments du commerce trop riches en sélénium.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 78px; left: 229px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 229px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 229px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-16 17:39:06','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4546,5594,'{}','{}',48,4,109,'','',623,'',1),(157,'com_content.article','Zinc','zinc-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de</strong> Zinc<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Le Zinc (Zn) entre dans la composition de nombreuses enzymes et hormones</p>\r\n<p>Une carence en Zinc est souvent associée à des pathologies osseuses comme l\'ostéochondrose et réduit la qualité de la peau ainsi que la résistance aux infections.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Distribuer un complément minéral et vitaminé contenant du zinc.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop de</strong> Zinc</strong></p>\r\n<p>Un excès de zinc (Zn) peut induire une mauvaise utilisation du cuivre et donc les symptômes associés à une carence en cuivre. Des troubles osseux peuvent s\'en suivre.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Réduire les apports en compléments minéraux et vitaminés ou aliments du commerce trop riches en zinc</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-14 19:31:39','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4545,5595,'{}','{}',43,5,110,'','',623,'',1),(158,'com_content.article','Manganèse','manganese-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de</strong> Manganèse</strong></p>\r\n<p>Le Manganèse (Mn) est indispensable à l\'utilisation des glucides et des graisses par l\'organisme, et à la formation des cartilages. Une carence en Manganèse semblerait induire une mauvaise formation osseuse</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: La plupart des aliments et des compléments minéraux et vitaminés pour chevaux contiennent du manganèse. Un foin de bonne qualité est généralement riche en manganèse (40 - 140 mg/kg).</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop de</strong> Manganèse<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Un excès de Manganèse limite l\'absorption intestinale du fer (et du calcium).</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Réduire les apports en compléments minéraux et vitaminés ou aliments du commerce</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-14 19:30:36','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4544,5596,'{}','{}',47,4,111,'','',623,'',1),(159,'com_content.article','Cuivre','copper-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de Cuivre</strong><br /><br /></strong>Le cuivre (Cu) joue de nombreux rôles : utile à l\'activation des enzymes responsables de la synthèse des tissus élastiques, à la mobilisation du fer et à la synthèse des pigments.</p>\r\n<p>Une carence en cuivre peut induire de l\'ostéochondrose et d\'autre maladies du squelette.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Les meilleurs sources de cuivre sont les compléments minéraux et vitaminés et les aliments du commerce spécialement formulés pour les chevaux.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Trop de Cuivre</strong></strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Le cheval peut tolérer un certain excès de cuivre sans conséquence pour sa santé. Veillez toutefois à ce que les apports de cuivre calculés de la ration restent satisfaisants. \"Pas de ligne rouge s\'il vous plaît !\"</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Examinez votre ration et essayez de réduire les apports en compléments minéraux et vitaminés ou aliments du commerce riches en cuivre.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-14 19:29:22','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4543,5597,'{}','{}',43,4,112,'','',623,'',1),(160,'com_content.article','Fer','iron-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de Fer<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Le Fer (Fe) est indispensable à la production des globules rouges et entre dans la composition d\'une enzyme particulièrement importante du métabolisme cellulaire.</p>\r\n<p>Une carence en fer entraîne l\'anémie et une baisse de l\'activité corporelle.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Les fourrages classiques et la plupart des aliments du commerce contiennent suffisamment de fer pour satisfaire les besoins. Une supplémentation peut être réalisée avec un complément minéral et vitaminique.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop de Fer<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Un excès de fer (Fe) peut entraîner une baisse de la concentration en Zinc dans le sang et le foie. Une quantité de fer trop importante peut être préjudiciable aux jeunes.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Contrôlez les apports en fer. Soyez particulièrement vigilants avec les chevaux recevant du fer en injection ou en supplément sur la quantité venant des aliments, indiquée dans la ration calculée.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-14 19:28:02','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4542,5598,'{}','{}',42,4,113,'','',623,'',1),(161,'com_content.article','Sodium','sodium-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de</strong> Sodium</strong></p>\r\n<p>Les besoins en sodium (Na) ou en sel (NaCl) varient énormément selon la température et l\'intensité du travail du cheval.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse calcule les besoins hivernaux (Octobre à Avril) sur la base de 60% des besoins estivaux (mai à septembre).</p>\r\n<p>Les poulinières, les poulains et les chevaux en croissance devraient toujours avoir à leur disposition du sel en l\'état ou des pierres à lécher riche en sel.</p>\r\n<p>Les chevaux fournissant un travail important peuvent présenter des troubles de la régulation de l\'ingestion de sel. C\'est pourquoi les quantités de sel qu\'ils ingèrent doivent être controlées tous les jours.</p>\r\n<p>Les apports de sel recommandés pour les chevaux au travail sont de 5-6 g pour 100 kg de poids vif en hiver, et 6-10 g durant l\'été, lorsqu\'ils transpirent davantage.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop de sod</strong>ium</strong></p>\r\n<p>Les besoins en sodium (Na) ou en sel (NaCl) varient énormément selon la température et l\'intensité du travail du cheval.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse calcule les besoins hivernaux (Octobre à Avril) sur la base de 60% des besoins estivaux (mai à septembre).</p>\r\n<p>Les poulinières, les poulains et les chevaux en croissance devraient toujours avoir à leur disposition du sel en l\'état ou des pierres à lécher riche en sel.</p>\r\n<p>Les chevaux fournissant un travail important peuvent présenter des troubles de la régulation de l\'ingestion de sel. C\'est pourquoi les quantités de sel qu\'ils ingèrent doivent être controlées tous les jours.</p>\r\n<p>Les apports de sel recommandés pour les chevaux au travail sont de 5-6 g pour 100 kg de poids vif en hiver, et 6-10 g durant l\'été, lorsqu\'ils transpirent davantage.</p>\r\n<p>Il est particulièrement important que les chevaux disposent à volonté d\'une eau de boisson de qualité quand la ration contient plus de sodium (sel) que le niveau recommandé pour le cheval.</p>\r\n<p>Les animaux ayant un accès à l\'eau à volonté sont capables de supporter des apports très supérieurs aux besoins.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 256px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-14 19:25:32','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4541,5599,'{}','{}',43,5,114,'','',623,'',1),(162,'com_content.article','Magnésium','magnesium-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de</strong> Magnésium<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Le Magnésium est un activateur de nombreux enzymes cellulaires. Il est indispensable au bon fonctionnement des cellules musculaires et nerveuses. Une carence peut entraîner des convulsions.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: La plupart des aliments du commerce sont riches en Magnésium et constituent de bonnes sources pour la ration .</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop de</strong> Magnésium<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Un léger excès de Magnésium est sans effet sur la santé du cheval.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Il est cependant recommandé d\'ajuster autant que faire ce peut les apports aux besoins.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 232px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 232px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-14 19:23:48','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4540,5600,'{}','{}',42,4,115,'','',623,'',1),(163,'com_content.article','Calcium','calcium-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de</strong> Calcium </strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le Calcium et le Phosphore constituent la trame minérale des os, qui conditionne la dureté et la résistance du squelette. Le calcium est aussi nécessaire au fonctionnement normal des cellules musculaires, glandulaires et nerveuses.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Chez le jeune cheval, une carence en calcium induit des troubles de la croissance squelettique, comme par exemple le rachitisme ou l\'ostéochondrose.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Solutions</strong>: Les meilleures sources de calcium (carbonate et/ou phosphate) sont les compléments minéraux, le foin de luzerne et la plupart des aliments du commerce (ceux contenant 6 à 12 g de calcium/kg). Les foins de prés contiennent entre 1.5 et 5 g de Ca/kg .</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il est recommandé de faire analyser la teneur en Ca d\'un lot de foin important, surtout s\'il est destiné à des poulains en croissance.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop de C</strong>alcium</strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Un excès de Calcium induit des malformations du squelette et réduit l\'absorption digestive du Zinc.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Solutions</strong>: Réduisez vos apports de compléments minéraux et vitaminés. Examinez la contribution des différents aliments de la ration dans les apports en calcium totaux.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-14 19:22:50','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4539,5601,'{}','{}',47,5,116,'','',623,'',1),(164,'com_content.article','Lysine','lysine-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de</strong> Lysine </strong></p>\r\n<p>Si la ration contient suffisamment de matières azotées, mais pas assez de Lysine, la qualité protéique de la ration peut être faible. Un apport protéique de qualité est indispensable chez les poulains en croissance et les juments poulinières en lactation, principalement.</p>\r\n<p>Une carence en lysine entrave la croissance et le développement du jeune.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Les meilleures sources de Lysine sont les tourteaux de soja et autres protéagineux. Un aliment du commerce enrichi en protéines (Lysine) peut être utile.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop de</strong><strong> Lysine </strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Excès de Lysine est coûteux et inutile. Le surplus sera métabolisé comme source énergétique. Votre cheval ne peut développer ses muscles et tous ses autres tissus que si tous (20) les acides aminés nécessaires sont présents de façon équilibrée dans la ration.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Solutions</strong>: Choissez des aliments moins riches en azote. Vous économiserez de l\'argent et soulagerez d\'autant le foie de votre cheval.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-14 19:21:13','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4538,5602,'{}','{}',45,4,117,'','',623,'',1),(165,'com_content.article','Energie ','energy-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong>Trop peu d\'énergie<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Votre cheval ne reçoit pas assez d\'énergie et risque de maigrir. Si c\'est un poulain son GMQ sera réduit. Si le cheval travaille, ses performances risquent d\'être réduites.</p>\r\n<p>Les juments vont puiser sur leurs réserves corporelles, mais si elles sont maigres, leurs performances de reproductrices peuvent être affectées.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Donnez plus d\'énergie! Le foin apporte environ 0.50 UFC, les concentrés 0.80 UFC et l\'huile de Soja environ 2.80 UFC par kg. Examinez bien la ration avant de décider quel(s) aliments vous allez augmenter dans la ration.</p>\r\n<p>Pour les chevaux au travail, si leur état se maintient avec cette ration cela veut dire que vous avez surestimé le niveau d\'intensité de leur travail. Sélectionnez une intensité de travail plus faible!</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong>Trop d\'énergie<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Votre cheval reçoit trop d\'énergie et il va prendre de l\'état (graisse). Ceci n\'est pas conseillé pour les poulains en croissance et les chevaux à l\'entraînement.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Le foin apporte environ 0.50 UFC, les concentrés 0.80 UFC et l\'huile de Soja environ 2.80 UFC par kg. Examinez bien la ration avant de décider quel(s) aliments vous allez réduire dans la ration.</p>\r\n<p>Pour les chevaux au travail, si leur état se maintient avec cette ration cela veut dire que vous avez sous estimé le niveau d\'intensité de leur travail. Sélectionnez une intensité de travail plus importante!</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-20 09:29:58','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4537,5603,'{}','{}',29,5,118,'','',623,'',1),(166,'com_content.article','Phosphore','phosphorus-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp;&nbsp; Trop peu </strong>Phosphore<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le Phosphore est indispensable à la minéralisation du squelette, et au métabolisme énergétique cellulaire.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Solutions</strong>: Les aliments riches en Phosphore sont le blé, l\'avoine, l\'orge, et la plupart des aliments du commerce (5-8 g/kg). Les foins de prés contiennent 1-2 g de phosphore au kg</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Trop de Phosphore</strong></strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Un excès de Phosphore réduit l\'absorption digestive du Calcium et induit des troubles du développement osseux. Trop de Phosphore peut également interférer dans l\'absorption du fer.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Solutions</strong>: Réduisez vos apports de compléments minéraux et vitaminés et les aliments riches en Phosphore comme le son de blé. Examinez la contribution des différents aliments de la ration dans les apports de Phosphore.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-14 19:13:20','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4533,5604,'{}','{}',53,7,122,'','',623,'',1),(167,'com_content.article','Rapport phosphocalcique','capratio-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu </strong>Calcium par rapport au Phosphore<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>La ration contient un excès de phosphore par rapport au calcium, alors même que les apports en calcium peuvent être satisfaisants. Des troubles du développement squelettique peuvent survenir si le déséquilibre du rapport Ca/P de la ration se prolonge sur de trop longues périodes.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Utilisez des aliments riches en Ca (luzerne ou carbonate de calcium). Réduisez les apports en aliments riches en Phosphore (son de blé ou céréales).</p>\r\n<p>Veillez à ce que les apports respectifs en Ca et P de la ration restent satisfaisants. \"Pas de ligne rouge s\'il vous plaît !\"</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Trop de </strong>Calcium par rapport au Phosphore</strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>La ration contient un excès de Calcium par rapport au phosphore, alors même que les apports en phosphore peuvent être satisfaisants.</p>\r\n<p>Des troubles du développement squelettique peuvent survenir si le déséquilibre du rapport Ca/P de la ration se prolonge sur de trop longues périodes.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Distribuez moins d\'aliments riches en calcium (luzerne ou carbonate de calcium). Augmentez les apports en aliments riches en Phosphore (son de blé ou céréales).</p>\r\n<p>Veillez à ce que les apports respectifs en Ca et P de la ration restent satisfaisants. \"Pas de ligne rouge s\'il vous plaît !\"</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-14 19:11:19','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4528,5605,'{}','{}',63,6,127,'','',623,'',1),(168,'com_content.article','Equilibre cation anion de la ration','dcab-33','<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Tous les animaux ont besoin d\'un certain nombre de minéraux dans leurs rations pour que leur corps puisse fonctionner. Grâce à cent ans de recherche en nutrition, nous savons beaucoup de choses sur leurs besoins en minéraux en particulier - qu\'il s\'agisse de sodium (sel), de potassium ou d\'iode. On sait par exemple qu\'il est rare qu\'un cheval manque de potassium, car les aliments végétaux sont riches en ce minéral. Cependant, la quantité de sodium dans les fourrages grossiers est faible par rapport aux besoins du cheval. Cela explique pourquoi nous devons donner des suppléments de sel, mais pas de suppléments de potassium. Le sodium et le potassium sont des ions positifs (cations), à savoir qu\'ils ont une charge électrique positive, et seront toujours accompagnés d\'un nombre équivalent d\'ions négatifs (anions), puisqu\'une alimentation dans son ensemble est sans charge électrique. De même, lorsque l\'urine est excrétée, elle n\'a pas de charge électrique et doit contenir des quantités équivalentes d\'ions négatifs et positifs pour y parvenir. Par conséquent, l\'excédent alimentaire de potassium et de sodium est excrété avec des ions négatifs tels que le chlorure, le sulfate qui sont également dérivés de l\'alimentation.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Comme déjà noté, les quantités totales de ces minéraux dans la ration sont importantes pour couvrir les besoins corporels du cheval. En outre, l\'équilibre entre le sodium, le potassium, le chlorure et le soufre (sulfate) dans la ration a un effet spécial dans la détermination du statut acido-basique du corps. Cet équilibre est appelé «équilibre cation-anion» et est calculé comme la somme des ions positifs moins la somme des ions négatifs. Le solde peut être positif ou négatif selon les quantités de sodium, de potassium, de chlorure et de soufre dans la ration.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Les rations avec une valeur négative pour l\'équilibre cation-anion créeront un environnement acide dans le corps. Les rations avec un équilibre cation-anion positif vont contrecarrer cette acidification. Tout cela a conduit récemment à un intérêt accru dans le domaine de l\'équilibre cation-anion. En particulier, les chevaux de sport, mangeurs de grandes quantités de concentrés, sont mieux servis avec une ration qui a un léger effet alcalinisant. Les producteurs d\'aliments peuvent réguler l\'équilibre cation-anion d\'un aliment par l\'addition de divers suppléments de sel.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Tout aussi important que les quantités absolues de sodium, de potassium, de chlorure et de sulfate, dans l\'alimentation, c’est l\'équilibre (c\'est-à-dire la différence) entre les concentrations de ces ions.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Les processus physiologiques complexes sous-tendent les effets sur l\'organisme de l\'équilibre cation-anionique. Pour ceux qui sont intéressés à en savoir plus, nous avons tenté ci-dessous d\'expliquer une partie de la théorie du contexte.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">L\'équilibre acide-base du corps du cheval est affecté par le contenu des électrolytes (en particulier le potassium, le sodium, le chlorure et le sulfate ou le soufre) dans les aliments consommés. S\'il existe un déséquilibre entre la teneur en sodium et en potassium, qui sont des ions positifs, et la teneur en ions chlorure et sulfate chargés négativement, le corps compense par la sécrétion d\'ions hydrogène (acide) ou d\'ions hydrogénocarbonate (base) dans l\'urine. En conséquence, la valeur du pH de l\'urine s\'écarte sensiblement de la valeur du pH sanguin. Les changements dans le pH de l\'urine ont lieu tout au long de la journée car a un rôle central dans le système de régulation acide-base du corps.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">En analysant le contenu de ces électrolytes dans la ration, nous pouvons calculer l\'effet de la ration sur l\'équilibre acide-base du cheval. Le solde (c\'est-à-dire la différence) entre la teneur en ions positifs et négatifs est appelé équilibre cation-anion, généralement abrégé en DCAB ou CAB. L\'équilibre cation-anion n\'est pas un nutriment, mais un nombre, calculé sur la base des niveaux de sodium, de potassium, de chlorure et de soufre (sulfate) dans la ration. DCAB peut être calculé pour un seul aliment, ou pour une ration journalière, et est exprimé en milli-équivalents (mEq).</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Si le DCAB est positif, la ration ou l\'aliment contient un excès de potassium et de sodium par rapport au chlorure et au sulfate. Une telle ration provoquera une réaction alcaline dans le corps et, par conséquent, dans l\'urine, comme on le trouve couramment chez les herbivores, y compris les chevaux. Si le DCAB est négatif, l\'animal remplace la déficience relative en sodium et en potassium dans son alimentation par de l\'acide (H +), et l\'urine devient acide. Les carnivores comme les chiens ont généralement un régime DCAB négatif et, par conséquent, ils sécrètent de l\'urine acide.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Les chevaux de sport sont exposés à des charges acides importantes pendant une activité physique intense. On pense que les rations avec un équilibre cation-anion bénéfique peuvent aider à amortir de telles charges acides, et ainsi temporairement soulager leur impact sur le corps. Il est de plus en plus courant de fournir des informations sur l\'équilibre cation-anion des aliments et de composer des concentrés pour les chevaux de sport de telle sorte que la ration totale ait une valeur DCAB de +200 à +300 mEq ou plus. Dans PC-Horse, vous pouvez garder un œil sur la valeur DCAB de la ration et du repas individuel. Cependant, bien qu\'il n\'y ait pas de conseil clair sur les valeurs optimales de DCAB pour les rations de chevaux disponibles dans la littérature, il est généralement admis qu\'il n\'est pas souhaitable que les rations aient des valeurs DCAB négatives. Les rations avec DCAB négatif auront, si elles sont utilisées pendant longtemps, des effets préjudiciables, telle que la perte de calcium du squelette.</span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2017-03-21 08:34:34',81,'2017-12-14 18:20:24','fr-FR','2017-03-21 08:34:34','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4515,5606,'{}','{}',65,6,138,'','',623,'',1),(169,'com_content.article','Potassium (K)','potatissum-33','<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"Normal forage (grass, hay, silage) is rich in potassium.\">Le fourrage normal (herbe, foin, ensilage) est riche en potassium. </span><span title=\"Even though the potassium requirements of horses are known, we have chosen not to include potassium requirements in PC-Horse, because the roughage in the ration will, under normal practical conditions, provide a large excess of potassium.\">Même si les besoins en potassium des chevaux sont connus, nous avons choisi de ne pas inclure les besoins en potassium chez PC-Horse. En effet, les fourrages dans la ration fourniront, dans des conditions normales, un large excès en potassium. </span><span title=\"During extreme physical activity (endurance riding and other high intensity competitions) it is recommended to use electrolyte (mineral) mixes with potassium to replace sweat losses.\">Lors d\'activités physiques extrêmes (équitation d\'endurance et autres compétitions de haute intensité), il est recommandé d\'utiliser des mélanges d\'électrolytes (minéraux) avec du potassium pour remplacer les pertes via la sueur. </span><span title=\"Molasses from sugar cane is also a good source of potassium.\">La mélasse de la canne à sucre est également une bonne source de potassium.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span title=\"In plant cells potassium (K+) is found together with various organic anions (ions with negative electrical charge).\">Dans les cellules végétales, on trouve du potassium (K +) avec divers anions organiques (ions avec une charge électrique négative). </span><span title=\"A dietary surplus of potassium must be excreted with urine and feces, and is accompanied by anions, such as bicarbonate or chloride.\">Un surplus alimentaire de potassium doit être excrété avec de l\'urine et des fèces, et est accompagné d\'anions, tels que le bicarbonate ou le chlorure. </span><span title=\"A high excretion of bicarbonate leads to an alkaline urine, which is typical for herbivore animals (plant eaters).\">Une forte excrétion de bicarbonate conduit à une urine alcaline, typique des herbivores (mangeurs de plantes). </span><span title=\"The potassium content of the feed is part of the cation-anion balance (DCAB) which PC-Horse calculates for a feed or a complete ration (see later).\">La teneur en potassium de l\'aliment fait partie de la balance cation-anion (DCAB) que PC-Horse calcule pour une alimentation ou une ration complète (voir plus loin).</span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-14 19:07:14','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4509,5607,'{}','{}',62,4,144,'','',623,'',1),(170,'com_content.article','Vitamine C','vitamin-c-33','<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\"><strong>La vitamine</strong> <strong>C</strong> est un antioxydant biologique, mais elle a aussi d\'autres fonctions importantes dans l\'organisme.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"\">Les chevaux (comme beaucoup d\'autres animaux) semblent pouvoir dériver la vitamine C du glucose.</span> Les besoins en vitamine C du cheval ne sont pas définis ainsi que les autres vitamines incluses dans PC-Horse. <span class=\"\">Bien que le cheval produise normalement des quantités adéquates de vitamine C, il est habituel d\'ajouter la vitamine aux concentrés et aux mélanges de vitamines et de minéraux.</span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 51px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 51px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 51px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-14 18:58:02','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4504,5608,'{}','{}',62,4,149,'','',623,'',1),(171,'com_content.article','Biotine','biotin-33','<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"Biotin plays a part in many metabolic reactions in the body, including the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids, and during the production of glucose.\">La biotine joue un rôle dans de nombreuses réactions métaboliques dans le corps, y compris le métabolisme des acides gras et des acides aminés, et pendant la production de glucose. </span><span title=\"Biotin is also important for normal cell replication.\">La biotine est également importante pour une réplication cellulaire normale.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span title=\"Biotin is found in many feeds and feed components.\">La biotine se trouve dans de nombreux aliments et composants d\'aliments. </span><span title=\"Examples of biotin content are: Alfalfa hay 0.2 mg/kg DM, Oats 0.1 to 0.4 mg/kg DM, Barley 0.13 to 0.17 mg/kg DM.\">Exemples de teneur en biotine : foin de luzerne 0,2 mg / kg MS, avoine 0,1 à 0,4 mg / kg MS, orge 0,13 à 0,17 mg / kg MS.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span title=\"Biotin is one of the water soluble B-vitamins.\">La biotine est l\'une des vitamines B hydrosolubles. </span><span title=\"For a horse, the exact requirement for biotin is not yet determined.\">Pour un cheval, le besoin exact en biotine n\'est pas encore déterminé. </span><span title=\"Therefore, PC-Horse cannot warn of deficiency or of surplus of biotin in the ration.\">Par conséquent, PC-Horse ne peut pas prévenir de carence ou de surplus de biotine dans la ration. </span><span title=\"Normally, sufficient biotin to cover the horses\' needs is produced by the microbes in the intestinal tract.\">Normalement, une quantité suffisante de biotine pour couvrir les besoins des chevaux est produite par les microbes dans le tractus intestinal. </span><span title=\"Biotin is reported to have a positive effect on normal hoof growth and in the repair of damaged hooves.\">La biotine aurait un effet positif sur la croissance normale des sabots et sur la réparation des sabots endommagés. </span><span title=\"For such conditions, typical recommendations say that relatively large amounts of biotin (10-30 mg/day) must be provided for periods of 7-9 months.\">Dans ce cas, les recommandations typiques indiquent que des quantités relativement importantes de biotine (10-30 mg / jour) doivent être fournies sur une période de 7-9 mois.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span title=\"Many animal feeds and mineral- and vitamin mixtures have added biotin.\">De nombreux aliments pour animaux et mélanges de minéraux et de vitamines sont renforcés en biotine. </span><span title=\"There are also special supplements with particularly high levels of biotin on the market.\">Il existe également des suppléments spéciaux avec des niveaux particulièrement élevés de biotine sur le marché.</span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-14 18:54:24','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4499,5609,'{}','{}',64,4,154,'','',623,'',1),(172,'com_content.article','Lipides','fat-33','<p><strong><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop peu de lipides<br /></strong></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">Les rations les plus courantes pour les chevaux contiennent peu de graisse.</span> <span class=\"\">Parmi les fourrages tels que le foin et le préfané, la teneur en graisse est habituellement de 10-15 grammes de matière grasse digestible par kg de matière sèche.</span> <span class=\"\">Dans l\'orge, la teneur en graisse est d\'environ 20 grammes et dans l\'avoine de 50 grammes par kg.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"\">Les graisses sous forme d\'huiles végétales peuvent être un complément énergétique important pour le cheval, en particulier pour les chevaux qui ont des problèmes de régulation de leur taux de sucre dans le sang (glucose), et dont la ration ne devrait donc contenir qu\'une quantité minimale de céréales.</span> <span class=\"\">La graisse est donc recommandée pour les chevaux qui ont des antécédents de fourbure ou qui ont des problèmes de «coup de sang» et de dégénérescence musculaire.</span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Trop de lipides<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">Le cheval digère bien la graisse lorsqu\'elle est consommée en quantité modérée.</span> <span class=\"\">Si nous ajoutons de l\'huile végétale dans la ration, administrer 0,10 kg par 100 kg de poids corporel ne semble pas poser de problème.</span> <span class=\"\">Cela signifie que nous pourrions donner 0,5 litre par jour à un cheval de 500 kg.</span> <span class=\"\">L\'huile doit être divisée en au moins deux repas.</span> <span class=\"\">Le cheval n\'est pas particulièrement friand de l\'huile végétale.</span> <span class=\"\">Vous devrez donc mélanger l\'huile avec des aliments que le cheval mange facilement, comme les céréales ou les concentrés.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"\">Les matières grasses sont riches en énergie et contiennent généralement environ trois fois plus d\'énergie que les mélanges alimentaires conventionnels.</span> <span class=\"\">Cela signifie que 0,3 kg d\'huile a environ la même valeur énergétique que 1 kg de concentré.</span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-16 18:00:09','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4496,5610,'{}','{}',71,5,157,'','',623,'',1),(173,'com_content.article','Sucres','sugar-33','<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"Sugars in feeds are analyzed using several methods.\"><strong>Les sucres</strong> dans les aliments sont analysés en utilisant plusieurs méthodes. </span>span title=\"The most common is referred to as “total sugar”, and measures simple sugars such as glucose, fructose and sucrose.\r\n\r\n&quot;&gt;La\"plus commune est appelée «sucre total» et mesure les sucres simples tels que le glucose, le fructose et le saccharose.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span title=\"In regular hay, the sugar content is about 100 grams per kg, but with a considerable variation.\">Dans le foin ordinaire, la teneur en sucre est d\'environ 100 grammes par kg, mais avec des variations considérables. </span><span title=\"In haylage, part of the original sugar is broken down during fermentation, and the sugar content is usually lower.\">Dans l\'enrubanné, une partie du sucre d\'origine est cassée pendant la fermentation, et la teneur en sucre est généralement plus faible. </span><span title=\"In grains and concentrates, the sugar content is low (the normal sugar content of oats and barley is only about 18 to 20 grams per kg.).\">Dans les céréales et les concentrés, la teneur en sucre est faible (la teneur normale en sucre de l\'avoine et de l\'orge n\'est que d\'environ 18 à 20 grammes par kg). </span><span title=\"Rations containing added molasses will, however, have a higher content of sugar.\">Les rations contenant de la mélasse ajoutée auront cependant une teneur en sucre plus élevée.</span></p>\r\n<p><span title=\"The amount of sugar found in hay and haylage seldom causes problems in horses.\">La quantité de sucre trouvée dans le foin et l\'enrubanné occasionne rarement des problèmes chez les chevaux. </span><span title=\"The uptake of roughage is spread over many hours of the day.\">L\'absorption de fourrage est répartie sur plusieurs heures de la journée. </span><span title=\"Sugar absorption is therefore taking place over an extended period of time in the small intestine, and does not lead to large fluctuations in blood glucose concentrations.\">L\'absorption du sucre se déroule donc sur une longue période dans l\'intestin grêle et n\'entraîne pas de grandes fluctuations des concentrations de glucose dans le sang.</span></p>\r\n<p><span title=\"Horses that have problems with blood sugar regulation or are insulin resistant may still benefit from forage that is low in sugar.\">Les chevaux qui ont des problèmes de régulation de la glycémie ou sont résistants à l\'insuline peuvent tout de même bénéficier d\'un fourrage pauvre en sucre.</span></p>\r\n<p><strong>Fructanes</strong></p>\r\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"Fructanes are complex molecules (polysaccharides) which grasses store as an energy source.\">Les fructanes sont des molécules complexes (polysaccharides) que les graminées stockent comme source d\'énergie. </span><span title=\"The horse lacks enzymes to digest fructanes in the small intestine, and these carbohydrates will therefore not be digested in the same way as starch and simple sugars.\">Le cheval manque d\'enzymes pour digérer les fructanes dans l\'intestin grêle, et ces hydrates de carbone ne seront donc pas digérés de la même manière que l\'amidon et les sucres simples. </span><span title=\"Fructanes are instead transported to the caecum, where they are broken down by microbes.\">Les fructanes sont plutôt transportés vers le caecum, où ils sont décomposés par des microbes. </span><span title=\"If the ration contains large quantities of fructanes, it can cause, in the same way as too much starch, an imbalance in microbial fermentation and adverse conditions in the caecum.\">Si la ration contient de grandes quantités de fructanes, elle peut provoquer, de la même manière que trop d\'amidon, un déséquilibre de la fermentation microbienne et des conditions défavorables dans le caecum. </span><span title=\"In the case of some horses, this may lead to laminitis.\">Dans le cas de certains chevaux, cela peut entraîner une fourbure. </span><span title=\"It is therefore important that horses are introduced gradually to a lush, rich pasture.\">Il est donc important que les chevaux soient introduits progressivement dans un pâturage luxuriant et riche.</span></span></p>\r\n<p><span title=\"The level of fructanes in grasses varies with weather conditions and grass species.\">Le niveau de fructanes de l\'herbe varie avec les conditions météorologiques et les espèces d\'herbes. </span><span title=\"In cold periods, the fructane content can be higher than in warm periods.\">Dans les périodes froides, la teneur en fructane peut être plus élevée que pendant les périodes chaudes. </span><span title=\"On hot sunny summer days, there is little to worry about.\">Les jours chauds et ensoleillés en été, il y a peu à s\'inquiéter. </span><span title=\"In the early summer and autumn, during periods of cold nights and mornings the fructane content of the grass can be very high.\">Au début de l\'été et en automne, pendant les périodes froides la nuit et le matin, la teneur en fructane de l\'herbe peut être très élevée. </span><span title=\"It is therefore wise to give extra attention to the horse\'s reactions to grazing in cool periods, especially early and late in the grazing season.\">Il est donc sage d\'accorder une attention particulière aux réactions du cheval au pâturage dans les périodes fraîches, en particulier tôt et tard dans la saison de pâturage.</span></p>\r\n<p><span title=\"Since the fructane content of grasses varies so much, specific analyses of fructanes are not commonly used.\">Comme la teneur en fructane de l\'herbe varie beaucoup, les analyses spécifiques des fructanes ne sont pas couramment utilisées. </span><span title=\"However, since there are significant differences in the amount of fructanes amongst grass species and varieties, those who grow their own horse feeds also have the option to seed grasses selected for their moderate fructane content.\">Cependant, comme il y a des différences significatives dans la quantité de fructanes parmi les espèces et variétés de graminées, les personnes qui cultivent leurs propres aliments pour chevaux ont également la possibilité d\'ensemencer avec des graminées sélectionnées pour leur teneur modérée en fructanes.</span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-17 14:37:03',81,'2017-12-16 18:32:00','fr-FR','2016-11-17 14:37:03','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4489,5611,'{}','{}',50,4,164,'','',623,'',1),(174,'com_content.article','Amidon','starch-33','<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: andale mono, times;\">Si vous avez été averti qu\'il y a trop d\'amidon dans un seul repas, vous devriez distribuer les concentrés et les grains dans la ration selon les repas prévus, et introduire plus de repas si nécessaire. Vous pouvez également essayer de remplacer certains concentrés par du fourrage grossier (foin, enrubanné, pulpe de betterave) de bonne qualité. Vous pourrez lire ci-dessous plus d\'informations sur l\'amidon et comment ce composant est digéré.</span></p>\r\n<p><strong>Amidon dans la ration du cheval</strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">L\'amidon est un hydrate de carbone présent dans les graines et les racines des plantes, comme les céréales ou les pommes de terre, et constitue une réserve d\'énergie pour la plante.</span> <span class=\"\">A titre de comparaison, les animaux utilisent les graisses comme réserve d\'énergie.</span> L\'amidon est la partie la plus riche en énergie du grain. <span class=\"\">La teneur en amidon de l\'avoine et de l\'orge est d\'environ 500 g par kg (50% du poids), et il y a un peu plus d\'amidon dans l\'orge que dans l\'avoine.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Digestion de l\'amidon chez le cheval</strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">Nous voulons autant que possible de l\'amidon soit digéré et absorbé dans l\'intestin grêle.</span> <span class=\"\">L\'amidon qui n\'est pas digéré dans l\'intestin grêle sera conduit vers le caecum qui est très gros chez le cheval.</span> <span class=\"\">Ici, l\'amidon peut créer des déséquilibres dans la flore microbienne et entraîner une baisse du pH et une digestion réduite des fibres.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span title=\"The chemical and physical structure of starch varies between grain species.\">La structure chimique et physique de l\'amidon varie entre les espèces de grains. </span><span title=\"The starch in oats is more easily digested than starch from barley and maize.\">L\'amidon dans l\'avoine est plus facile à digérer que l\'amidon de l\'orge et du maïs. </span><span title=\"This has practical significance for the horse because the horse can digest more oat starch in the small intestine than starches from other cereal species.\">Ceci a une signification pratique pour le cheval car le cheval peut digérer plus d\'amidon d\'avoine dans l\'intestin grêle que les amidons d\'autres espèces de céréales. </span><span title=\"When barley and maize are treated with pressure and heat, as is common in the commercial production of feed mixtures, the starch becomes more easily digestible, and behaves more like oat starch in the digestive tract.\">Lorsque l\'orge et le maïs sont traités à la pression et à la chaleur, ce qui est courant dans la production commerciale de mélanges alimentaires, l\'amidon devient plus facilement digestible et se comporte davantage comme l\'amidon d\'avoine dans le tube digestif.<br /></span><span title=\"Glucose is produced when starch is cleaved by several enzymes in the small intestine, and is then absorbed into the blood.\">Le glucose est produit lorsque l\'amidon est cassé par plusieurs enzymes dans l\'intestin grêle et est ensuite absorbé dans le sang. </span><span title=\"A meal of cereals will in just a few hours give the horse elevated blood glucose (blood sugar) concentrations.\">Un repas de céréales donnera en quelques heures au cheval des glycémies élevées (glycémie). </span><span title=\"Blood levels of glucose are regulated by the hormone insulin.\">Les niveaux sanguins de glucose sont régulés par l\'hormone insuline. </span><span title=\"Increased secretion of insulin takes place after a meal, and the hormone promotes the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen in liver and muscles.\">La sécrétion accrue d\'insuline a lieu après un repas, et l\'hormone favorise le stockage du glucose sous la forme de glycogène dans le foie et les muscles. </span><span title=\"Glycogen is an important energy store for the horse, and is mobilized quickly when needed, for example during strenuous exercise and competitions.\">Le glycogène est un important réservoir d\'énergie pour le cheval, et il est rapidement mobilisé en cas de besoin, par exemple lors d\'exercices et de compétitions difficiles.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">Les chevaux sont sensibles aux variations de la glycémie.</span> <span class=\"\">Certains chevaux, en particulier les poneys, peuvent avoir des difficultés à réguler leur glycémie (une forme de résistance à l\'insuline).</span> <span class=\"\">Certains chevaux peuvent également devenir excités si la concentration de sucre dans le sang augmente rapidement (chauffer).</span> <span class=\"\">Il est donc important, lors de la planification de l\'alimentation, de tenir compte de la quantité d\'amidon que chaque cheval recevra à chaque repas.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Recommandation</strong></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">En raison de ses propriétés, l\'amidon est à la fois une source d\'énergie importante dans la ration du cheval et un composant de l\'aliment qui peut provoquer des réactions indésirables dans le système digestif.</span> <span class=\"\">Comme mentionné précédemment, nous ne voulons pas que trop d\'amidon non digéré arrive au caecum.</span> <span class=\"\">En même temps, nous ne voulons pas que l\'amidon soit trop facile à digérer, car cela entraînera des augmentations excessives de la glycémie.</span> <span class=\"\">Il est donc important d\'avoir une bonne compréhension de la façon dont une ration riche en amidon affecte votre cheval, et comment vous pouvez obtenir un profil de digestion pour l\'amidon qui équilibre les deux effets mentionnés ci-dessus.</span> <span class=\"\">Avec PC-Horse, vous avez les moyens de vous assurer que la quantité d\'amidon contenue dans chaque repas se situe dans les limites recommandées.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">Chez les chevaux normaux en bonne santé, nous recommandons que chaque repas ne contienne pas plus de 1,5 grammes d\'amidon par kg de poids corporel.</span> <span class=\"\">Cela signifie qu\'un cheval pesant 500 kg ne devrait pas recevoir plus de 750 grammes d\'amidon par repas.</span> <span class=\"\">Puisque les céréales et les mélanges de céréales contiennent de 400 à 500 grammes d\'amidon par kg, vous ne devez pas donner plus d\'environ 1,5 kg de mélange de céréales ou de concentré par repas.</span> <span class=\"\">Si votre cheval a un besoin énergétique élevé et reçoit une forte proportion de céréales et de concentrés dans son alimentation, nous recommandons d\'augmenter le nombre de repas par jour, ou de changer la distribution des aliments entre les repas si vous prenez conscience que la quantité d\'amidon par repas</span> <span class=\"\">est trop élevée.</span></span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"fr\"><span class=\"\">Dans PC-Horse, vous pouvez répartir la ration globale du cheval sur des repas individuels.</span> <span class=\"\">Vous recevrez alors un avertissement clair lorsque la quantité d\'amidon dans un ou plusieurs de vos repas dépasse les limites recommandées.</span> <span class=\"\">Pour les chevaux qui ont des difficultés à réguler le taux de sucre dans le sang ou qui développent facilement des symptômes de «coup de sang», il est avantageux de fournir moins d\'amidon par repas que les 1,5 g/kg de poids corporel recommandés.</span> <span class=\"\">Comme alternative, vous pouvez proposer de l\'huile végétale (voir ci-dessous), réduisant ainsi la quantité de mélange de grains ou de concentré dans la ration, sans priver le cheval de trop d\'énergie.</span></span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 205px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 205px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-16 19:06:13','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4485,5612,'{}','{}',72,7,168,'','',623,'',1),(175,'com_content.article','Fibres','fibre-33','<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: \'Century Gothic\', sans-serif;\">Le cheval est un animal herbivore et son système digestif est adapté aux rations constituées principalement de fourrage grossier, c\'est-à-dire de graminées et d\'herbes fraîches ou de foin ou enrubanné. Les fourrages sont riches en fibres et le cheval a besoin de ces fibres à la fois pour l\'énergie et comme composant structurel qui assure le bon fonctionnement du système digestif. En termes simples, nous pouvons diviser le système digestif du cheval en deux parties. Dans l\'estomac et l\'intestin grêle, qui viennent en premier, on trouve des enzymes qui digèrent l\'amidon, les sucres, les protéines et les graisses. Plus loin, dans le caecum et le côlon, une population riche en microbes (protozoaires, bactéries et levures) aide à décomposer le composant fibreux en acides gras à chaîne courte qui peuvent être absorbés et utilisés pour l\'énergie. Chez les chevaux nourris avec des aliments riches en fourrage, une partie importante des besoins en énergie est satisfaite par les acides produits à partir de la fibre. Bien que la cellulose dans la fraction fibreuse soit composée de molécules de glucose, la digestion microbienne transfère le glucose en des acides gras courts (volatils) - qui sont ensuite absorbés. En conséquence, les produits de la digestion des fibres n\'affectent pas la concentration de sucre dans le sang du cheval et la sécrétion d\'insuline.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: \'Century Gothic\', sans-serif;\">Les régimes riches en fibres nécessitent beaucoup de temps pour mâcher. Ils gardent le cheval occupé et augmentent le temps nécessaire pour consommer un repas. Ceci est important pour le confort et le bien-être du cheval, et conduit à une augmentation de la production de salive, qui à son tour contribue à réduire le risque d\'ulcères gastriques.<br /> Une ration du cheval doit contenir une certaine quantité de fourrage grossier et chez PC-Horse, cette exigence est de 1,5 kg par 100 kg de poids corporel. Lors de l\'utilisation de préfané (ensilage), avec sa teneur en eau plus élevée, il est nécessaire d\'ajuster la quantité introduite pour atteindre les besoins en matière sèche de fourrage grossier. Cela se fait facilement grâce à la formule :</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: \'Century Gothic\', sans-serif;\"><br /> Foin (en kg x 85)<br /> ----------------------------------------------- = kg de préfané <br /> teneur en matière sèche, % du préfané</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: \'Century Gothic\', sans-serif;\">Exemple : Un cheval pesant 500 kg a besoin de 7.5 kg de foin par jour. Quelle quantité de préfané à 60% de matière sèche devrait être donnée pour équivaloir aux 7.5 kg de foin&nbsp;:</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: \'Century Gothic\', sans-serif;\">7.5 kg foin x 85<br /> -------------------- = 10.6 kg préfané<br /> 60</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: \'Century Gothic\', sans-serif;\">La teneur en fibres des fourrages variera largement entre les espèces végétales, et aussi d\'un stade de développement botanique à l\'autre. Lorsque les plantes sont récoltées au début de leur croissance, la teneur en fibres n\'est pas élevée, mais la valeur nutritionnelle de la fibre est la plus élevée. Une récolte ultérieure aura une teneur en fibres plus élevée, mais en même temps, des quantités accrues de lignine entraîneront une diminution de la valeur nutritionnelle de la fibre. Nous devons donc examiner attentivement les qualités fourragères qui conviendront le mieux aux différents types de chevaux.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: \'Century Gothic\', sans-serif;\">Dans PC-Horse, nous calculons la quantité de fibres de la ration sur la base d\'une analyse de la teneur en fibres brutes. Dans le foin ou enrubanné ordinaire, il y a environ 300 grammes de fibres brutes par kg de matière sèche. Il sera un peu moins élevé pour les coupes précoces et plus élevé pour les coupes tardives.<br /> PC-Horse fixe la limite inférieure pour la fibre brute dans la ration quotidienne à 3 grammes par kg de poids corporel par jour, et le cheval devrait de préférence recevoir plus que cela. Cette limite minimale est à peu près équivalente à la quantité de fourrage mentionnée plus haut.</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: \'Century Gothic\', sans-serif;\">Il existe plusieurs méthodes disponibles pour l\'analyse de la fibre dans les fourrages grossiers. Toutes les recommandations données dans PC-Horse sont basées sur l\'analyse des fibres brutes, et c\'est la seule méthode qui devrait être utilisée en incluant l\'analyse de la fibre dans le programme. Si vous optez pour la fibre NDF (fibre non détergente), une analyse des fibres couramment utilisée pour les bovins, vous obtiendrez des résultats deux fois plus élevés que lors de l\'analyse des fibres brutes.</span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',81,'2017-12-14 18:25:51','fr-FR','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4480,5613,'{}','{}',57,4,173,'','',623,'',1),(176,'com_content.article','Protéines digestibles (MADC) ','protein-33','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; <span lang=\"fr\">Trop peu de protéines</span><br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Lorsque la ration est déficitaire en azote, la croissance et le développement sont affectés. Les juments mettent bas des poulains petits et chétifs et leur production laitière est réduite.</p>\r\n<p>Une fonte musculaire peut survenir. Les performances sportives sont médiocres. Une carence en protéines induit une baisse d\'appétit, un poil terne, des sabots fragiles.</p>\r\n<p>Lors de l\'analyse des Matières Azotée Totales (Proteines Brutes) des aliments, quelques éléments azotées non protéiques, à faible valeur nutritive, sont pris en compte. Il est préférable de prendre en compte les protéines digestibles (MADC)</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Les tourteaux et certains aliments concentrés riches en matières azotées sont de bonnes sources protéiques. Etudiez les solutions proposées par le Logiciel.</p>\r\n<p>Les foins de légumineuses, l\'herbe jeune, les bouchons de luzerne et les foins enrubannés sont également riches en azote.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; <span lang=\"fr\">Trop de protéines</span><br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Surcharge protéique coûteuse et inutile. Peut être préjudiciable à une croissance harmonieuse et aux performances sportives.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Choisissez des aliments concentrés moins riches en azote. Réduisez en particulier les aliments contenant de fortes proportions de tourteaux (de Soja et autres protéagineux).</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,3,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-17 14:41:53',81,'2017-12-16 18:05:30','fr-FR','2016-11-17 14:41:53','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4296,5614,'{}','{}',1,7,274,'','',623,'',1),(177,'com_content.article','Help','starthelpguide49','<p>This page is under development. It will guide you to relevant version3-pages when ready.</p>\r\n<div>\r\n<table border=\"2\" style=\"width: 700px;\" cellspacing=\"5px\" cellpadding=\"5px;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon100pixManual.png\" alt=\"icon100pixManual\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" />MANUAL</strong></p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon100pixMovie.png\" alt=\"icon100pixMovie\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" />DEMOS</strong></p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon100pixSupport.png\" alt=\"icon100pixSupport\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" />SUPPORT</strong></p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Read more in detail what you can do in PC-Horse version 3</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Learn how to use the most important functions</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Problems? Call us for assistance directly on your computer</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon100pixFeedListMix.png\" alt=\"icon100pixFeedListMix\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" /> GUIDES</strong></p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon100pixNutrients.png\" alt=\"icon100pixNutrients\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" />NUTRIENTS</strong></p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/stories/symboler/icon100pixCompareVersions.png\" alt=\"icon100pixCompareVersions\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" />COMPARE</strong></p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span lang=\"en\">What happens when underdosing or overdose of important nutrients</span>?</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Articles on requirements, nutrients, minerals and vitamines</td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">See which version of PC-Horse best suits your needs</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n</div>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"0\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2017-11-16 11:27:30',0,'2017-12-06 13:35:47','de-DE','2017-11-16 11:27:30','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4656,5615,'{}','{}',5,4,3,'','',623,'',1),(178,'com_content.article','Chlor ','chlor-49','<p><strong><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too little Clor</strong></strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Text will soon be completed.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-17 14:37:03',0,'2017-11-22 10:05:48','de-DE','2016-11-17 14:37:03','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4650,5616,'{}','{}',29,3,9,'','',623,'',1),(179,'com_content.article','Sulfur','sulphur-49','<p><strong><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too little Sulfur</strong></strong> (S)</strong></p>\r\n<p>Sulfur is a chemical element. In the body, sulfur is part of the amino acids cysteine and methionine. These amino acids are referred to as sulfur-containing amino acids, and they are represented in practically all proteins that makes up the body. Sulfur is among others also part of the B-vitamins thiamine (vitamin B1) and biotin, the natural anticoagulant heparin, and chondroitin sulfate, an important constituent of cartilage in all joint surfaces.</p>\r\n<p>Horses cover their requirements for sulfur through intake of organic, sulfur-containing feed molecules, mainly the amino acids methionine and cysteine.</p>\r\n<p>When the ration has sufficient amounts of protein, preferably from several sources, sulfur deficiency will not occur.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-17 14:37:03',0,'2017-11-22 10:06:12','de-DE','2016-11-17 14:37:03','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4644,5617,'{}','{}',28,4,15,'','',623,'',1),(180,'com_content.article','Cobalt','cobalt-49','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too little Coba</strong>lt</strong></p>\r\n<p>Cobalt (Co) is required for production of vitamin B12. Grasses in coastal areas may contain too little cobalt.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Cobalt is added to most concentrate and mineral mixes for horses. Look for feeds with a high cobalt content in your feed list.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; <strong><strong>Too much Coba</strong>lt</strong><br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Moderate overdosing with cobalt (Co) has no known toxic effects. Still you should reduce cobalt intake and \"avoid red lines\"</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Reduce the feeding of concentrates and mineral mixtures with a high content of cobalt</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-22 10:06:33','de-DE','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4638,5618,'{}','{}',30,3,21,'','',623,'',1),(181,'com_content.article','Selenium','selenium-49','<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too little Selenium<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Selenium (Se) is an important part of the enzyme glutathion peroxydase which takes part in the protection of lipids in cell membranes.</p>\r\n<p>Selenium deficiency may lead to muscle dysthrophy, newborn foals with poor ability to suckle, and many other pathological conditions.</p>\r\n<p>Many areas in the world have selenium deficient soils where selenium supplementation is required for successful animal production.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Selenium is added to most concentrate and mineral mixes for horses. Look for feeds with a high selenium content in your feed list.</p>\r\n<p><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; <strong>Too much Selenium</strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Selenium is very poisonous, and excess intakes over prolonged periods will lead to intoxication and death.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Reduce the feeding of concentrates and mineral mixtures with a high selenium content</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 78px; left: 229px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 229px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 229px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-22 10:07:00','de-DE','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4637,5619,'{}','{}',32,3,22,'','',623,'',1),(182,'com_content.article','Sodium','sodium-49','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too little Sod</strong>ium</strong></p>\r\n<p>Requirement for sodium (Na) or common salt (NaCl) varies greatly according to the temperature and the working intensity of the horse.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse estimates the requirements during winter (October - April) to be 60% of summer requirements.</p>\r\n<p>Breeding mares and young, growing horses should always have access to a salt or mineral lick with a high salt content.</p>\r\n<p>Horses which are trained or exercised heavily may have problems with regulation of salt intake. Such animals should therefore be given a controlled amount of salt every day.</p>\r\n<p>Recommended amounts of salt for horses which are trained are 5-6 gram per 100 kg body weight in winter, and 6-10 gram during summer, when they sweat more.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Too much Sod</strong>ium</strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Requirement for sodium (Na) or common salt (NaCl) varies greatly according to the temperature and the working intensity of the horse.</p>\r\n<p>PC-Horse estimates the requirements during winter (October - April) to be 60% of summer requirements.</p>\r\n<p>Breeding mares and young, growing horses should always have access to a salt or mineral lick with a high salt content.</p>\r\n<p>Horses which are trained or exercised heavily may have problems with regulation of salt intake. Such animals should therefore be given a controlled amount of salt every day.</p>\r\n<p>Recommended amounts of salt for horses which are trained are 5-6 gram per 100 kg body weight in winter, and 6-10 gram during summer, when they sweat more.</p>\r\n<p>It is of particular importance that the horse is given free access to fresh water of good drinking quality if the diet contains more sodium (salt) than the calculated requirements.</p>\r\n<p>Animals with free access to water can handle salt intakes which are well above the calculated requirements.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 256px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 256px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-22 10:07:39','de-DE','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4636,5620,'{}','{}',30,3,23,'','',623,'',1),(183,'com_content.article','Zinc ','zinc-49','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too little Zinc</strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Zinc (Zn) is an integral part of several enzymes and also a stabilizer of protein hormones.</p>\r\n<p>Zinc deficiency has been connected to skeletal diseases (i.e. osteochondrosis), and will reduce the mechanical strength of the skin and impair its resistance to infections.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Provide common vitamin/mineral mixtures for horses which usually contain zinc.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Too much Zinc</strong></strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>A surplus of zinc (Zn) may lead to impaired utilization of copper and induce copper deficiency symptoms. Skeletal damage may occur.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Reduce the feeding of concentrates and mineral mixtures with a high zinc content<strong>.</strong></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 202px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-22 10:08:07','de-DE','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4635,5621,'{}','{}',31,3,24,'','',623,'',1),(184,'com_content.article','Folic acid','folic-acid-49','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too little Folic acid<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Deficiencies not shown, since requirements are not well defined.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Extra supplies</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Too much Folic acid</strong></strong><br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Over feeding does not occur under normal feeding conditions.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: None&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-22 10:08:43','de-DE','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4634,5622,'{}','{}',30,3,25,'','',623,'',1),(185,'com_content.article','Vitamin B1 ','vitamin-b1-49','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too little V</strong>itamin B1</strong></p>\r\n<p>Vitamin B1 (Thiamine): Microorganisms in the large intestine (colon and caecum) will under normal conditions produce sufficient quantities of the different B vitamins.</p>\r\n<p>Reduced production of vitamin B has been observed when rations contain too much concentrate and little roughage. Be careful that your roughage to concentrate ratio is correct. #Extreme exercise or stress may have similar effects and supplements should then be given.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Concentrates and most vitamin/mineral mixtures for horses are supplemented with vitamin B1. Bakers yeast and brewers grain are good sources of B1.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too much V</strong>itamin B1</strong></p>\r\n<p>Moderate over feeding of vitamin B1 have no known negative effects.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Reduce the use of vitamin/mineral mixes - save money!</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-22 10:09:04','de-DE','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4633,5623,'{}','{}',31,3,26,'','',623,'',1),(186,'com_content.article','Vitamin E','vitamin-e-49','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too little V</strong>itamin E</strong></p>\r\n<p>Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant for lipids in cell membranes. Vitamin E has a samilar functions as selenium. Deficiency leads to muscle dystrophy (white muscle disease) and to uncoordinated movements and lameness.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Concentrates and most vitamin/mineral mixtures for horses contain vitamin E. Special vitamin/mineral mixtures for vitamin E and selenium are marketed in most countries.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too much V</strong>itamin E</strong></p>\r\n<p>Moderate over feeding of vitamin E has no proven detrimental effect, in fact recommendations for vitamin E intake have increased over the last two decades.</p>\r\n<p>Too much may however affect the utilization of other lipid soluble vitamins (A, D and K).</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Provide less vitamin E rich vitamin/mineral mixtures. Save money!</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-22 10:09:28','de-DE','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4632,5624,'{}','{}',30,3,27,'','',623,'',1),(187,'com_content.article','Iron ','iron-49','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too little Iron<br /></strong></strong></p>\r\n<p>Iron (Fe) is required for production of red blood cells and is part of important enzymes which are required for metabolism in all cells.</p>\r\n<p>Iron deficiency leads to anaemia and poor stamina.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Ordinary roughages and concentrate mixtures normally provide enough iron to cover the requirements. Extra supplements of iron can be provided by concentrate and mineral mixtures.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too much Iro</strong>n</strong></p>\r\n<p>Iron (Fe) surplus may lead to reduced concentrations of zinc in the blood and liver. Large amounts of iron may be harmful for young horses.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Control the use of iron supplements. Be especially careful if the horse receives iron injections or is fed pure iron supplements in addition to the feeds included in your formulated ration.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-22 10:10:06','de-DE','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4631,5625,'{}','{}',32,3,28,'','',623,'',1),(188,'com_content.article','Vitamin B2 ','vitamin-b2-49','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too little V</strong>itamin B2</strong></p>\r\n<p>-Vitamin B2 (Riboflavine): Microorganisms in the large intestine (colon and caecum) will under normal conditions produce sufficient quantities of the different vitamin B species.</p>\r\n<p>Reduced production of vitamin B2 has been observed when rations contain too much concentrate and little roughage. Be careful that your roughage to concentrate ratio is correct.</p>\r\n<p>Extreme exercise or stress may have similar effects and supplements should then be given.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Concentrates and most vitamin/mineral mixtures for horses are supplemented with vitamin B2. Bakers yeast and brewers grain are good sources of B2.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too much V</strong>itamin B2</strong></p>\r\n<p>Moderate over feeding of vitamin B2 has no known negative effects.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Reduce the use of vitamin/mineral mixes - save money!&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-22 10:11:28','de-DE','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4630,5626,'{}','{}',32,3,29,'','',623,'',1),(189,'com_content.article','Magnesium','magnesium-49','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too little</strong> Magnesium</strong></p>\r\n<p>Magnesium is an activator for many cell enzymes and is required for normal function in nerve and muscle cells. Lack of magnesium may lead to convulsions.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Most concentrate mixtures for horses are supplemented with magnesium and will be valuable supplements to your ration.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too much</strong> Magnesium</strong></p>\r\n<p>Moderate over feeding of magnesium will not lead to detrimental effects.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: You should nevertheless try to feed your horse according to the requirements.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 232px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 232px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-22 10:12:04','de-DE','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4629,5627,'{}','{}',35,3,30,'','',623,'',1),(190,'com_content.article','Copper ','copper-49','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too little Coppe</strong>r<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Copper (Cu) has many roles in metabolism: Copper contributes to enzymes which are used for synthesis of elastic connective tissues, in mobilization of iron from body stores, and in pigment synthesis.</p>\r\n<p>Copper deficiency may lead to osteochondrosis and other skeletal diseases.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Good sources of copper are usually the commercial vitamin/mineral mixtures, and commercial concentrates produced for horses.</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; </strong><strong><strong>Too much Coppe</strong></strong>r<br /></strong></p>\r\n<p>Horses can tolerate moderate oversupplies of copper without known negative effects. You should nevertheless always try to formulate rations which provide copper in recommended amounts. \"No red lines please!\"</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Study your ration to try and reduce the amount of concentrates or vitamin/mineral mixtures with a high copper content.</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer; top: 23px; left: 23px;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-22 10:12:32','de-DE','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4628,5628,'{}','{}',38,3,31,'','',623,'',1),(191,'com_content.article','Vitamin B12','vitamin-b12-49','<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/minus.png\" alt=\"minus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too little V</strong>itamin B12</strong></p>\r\n<p>Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobolamin) is normally produced in sufficient amounts in the digestive tract of the horse.</p>\r\n<p>To aid in its absorption Vitamin B12 needs a carrier protein produced by the stomach wall. Diseases of the gastric mucosa (gastroenteritis, parasitics infestations) may give secondary anaemias due to vitamin B12 deficiency.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: Provide feeds supplemeted with vitamin B12. (Also ensure that a correct worming programme is strictly observed).</p>\r\n<p><strong><strong><img src=\"images-joomla/guides/plus.png\" alt=\"plus\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\" />&nbsp; Too much V</strong>itamin B12</strong></p>\r\n<p>Over feeding of vitamin B12 (Cyanocobolamin) has no known side effects.</p>\r\n<p><strong>Solutions</strong>: None -Niacin Deficiencies not shown, since requirements are not well defined. #Solutions:</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>\r\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px/20px \'Helvetica Neue\',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% / 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">Save</span></p>',1,'',0,1,'{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"0\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}',0,'{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}',10,'','2016-11-18 15:48:32',0,'2017-11-22 10:12:56','de-DE','2016-11-18 15:48:32','0000-00-00 00:00:00',4627,5629,'{}','{}',35,3,32,'','',623,'',1),